zh-cn	该方案在直积构造方法生成校验矩阵的过程中，完成了校验矩阵 4、6 短环的检验与消除，采用近似下三角算法实现了QC-LDPC 编码;
en-us	The QC-LDPC codes are designed through approximate lower triangular form algorithm based on the parity check matrix. The direct product is used for constructing the parity check matrix.

zh-cn	对于混沌直序扩频系统，分析了组合混沌映射序列的性能和优选方法，采用优选的组合混沌扩频序列增强低截获能力;
en-us	The performance of chaotic spread spectrum sequences, produced from the integrated Chaotic MAP, is analyzed and their optimized selection algorithm is proposed.

zh-cn	最后通过不同干扰条件下的仿真验证了该方案的有效性，仿真结果表明，该方案对于单音干扰的抑制效果优于多音干扰的抑制效果，在 10-5 的误码要求条件下，信噪比小于 4dB。
en-us	Finally, the strategy is verified through simulations with different jamming. The results show that the scheme performs better with single tone jamming than multi-tone jamming and the SNR is smaller than 4dB when the BER is 10-5.

zh-cn	针对常规最小二乘宽带波束形成中存在波束响应不满足频率不变特性和干扰方向零陷无法控制的问题，提出了一种基于空间响应偏差约束的最小二乘宽带波束形成方法。
en-us	Currently conventional least squares broadband beamforming do not well for the frequency invariant characteristic and null control. A least squares broadband beamforming based on the spatial response variation constraints (SRV) has been proposed in the literature.

zh-cn	该方法通过对阵列空间响应在指定的宽频段和方位范围内施加约束，来控制阵列波束响应的频率不变特性，同时增加一系列的线性约束，可以实现旁瓣电平和干扰零陷的灵活控制。
en-us	The array spatial response constraints are added to the prescribed wide frequency and angle range, which can achieve the frequency invariant beamforming. At the same time, a series of linear constraints are used for the sidelobe and null control.

zh-cn	在全方位约束和仅主瓣方位约束两种情况下，均能有效改善宽带波束的频率不变性能，并能在干扰方向上准确形成深零陷。
en-us	Whether the SRV constraint on the whole angle range or mainlobe area angle range, the method can improve the frequency invariant property and achieve deep null control in the direction of the interference accurately, compared the conventional least squares broadband beamforming.

zh-cn	仿真实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。
en-us	Simulation results are given to validate the effectively of the algorithms.

zh-cn	设计了一种用于 2.4GHz RFID 单芯片阅读器的 CMOS 低噪声放大器（LNA）。
en-us	A 2.4 GHz CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA) is presented for the use of single-chip RFID reader.

zh-cn	该设计采用全差分共源共栅结构和新颖的多级噪声抵消技术，不仅减小了电路的噪声而且增加了系统的线性度。
en-us	The design uses a fully differential cascode structure and a novel multi-stages noise cancellation technology, not only reducing noise but alsoincreasing linearity of the system.

zh-cn	芯片采用标准 UMC 0. 18um CMOS工艺，工作电压为 1. 2V 时，消耗电流小于 8mA，后仿真结果表明 2. 4GHz 时，芯片达到 1. 69dB 噪声系数，大于 14. 25dB功率增益以及-1. 1dBm 的输入三阶截点（IIP3）。
en-us	The chip uses a standard UMC 0. 18um CMOS process, when working at 1. 2V, the current consumption is less than 8mA, post-simulation result shows that: working at 2. 4GHz, we get 1. 69dB noise figure, larger than 14. 25dB power gain and 1. 1dBm input third-order intercept point (IIP3).

zh-cn	设计满足单芯片阅读器低噪声，低功耗和高线性度的要求。
en-us	This design meets the requirements of single-chip reader: low noise, low power consumption and high linearity.

zh-cn	为了解决 CMOS OTA 跨导增益不能线性调节的问题，本文采用 AB 电流镜对 NMOS 和 PMOS 差分对管实现的基本 OTA 进行电流偏置，从而实现了一个跨导增益可以宽幅线性调节的全差分 CMOS OTA 电路。
en-us	A CMOS operational trans-conductance amplifier (OTA) which trans-conductance gain can be electronically and linearly tuned is proposed in this paper. The realization method is achieved by biasing the two balanced CMOS OTAs with AB current mirror.

zh-cn	提出的 OTA 能够通过调节外部电流 Iadj 实现线性调节跨导增益，其误差小于 2%，外部电流 Iadj 的调节范围为-40A~40A。
en-us	The trans-conductance gain of the proposed OTA can be linearly adjusted through an external bias current, Iadj, for two decades with less than 2% error. The linear adjusting rang of Iadj is from -40A to 40A.

zh-cn	OTA 的差分输入电压摆幅为 200mVp-p，输出电流的非线性度小于 1. 2%。
en-us	The input-voltage range of about 200mVp-p with less than 1. 2% nonlinearity is obtained.

zh-cn	电路的性能通过 PSPICE 仿真得到了验证。
en-us	The performance of the proposed OTA is discussed and confirmed through PSPICE simulation results.

zh-cn	与基于消息迭代的置信传播译码相比，线性规划（linear programming，LP）译码分析有限长 LDPC 码性能更为有效。
en-us	linear programming (LP) decoding is more flexible and effective than message passing iterative decoding in analyzing finite-length LDPC code.

zh-cn	然而，传统 LP 译码算法运算量非常大，不利于系统实现。
en-us	However, LP decoding is too complex to implement.

zh-cn	本文结合 LDPC 码校验矩阵的特点，去掉传统LP 译码中不必要的约束，得到一种低复杂度 LP 内点译码算法。
en-us	Considering the structure of the parity check matrix of the LDPC codes, this paper proposes a new interior point decoding algorithm with low complexity for LP by removing all of the unnecessary restrictions in traditional LP decoding.

zh-cn	为了降低译码延时，将 LP 内点译码算法与置信传播译码算法结合，提出 LDPC 码混合译码算法。
en-us	In order to reduce the decoding latency, a hybrid decoding which combines the interior point decoding and the message passing iterative decoding is presented.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，混合译码算法的误码性能优于传统 LP 译码和 BP 译码算法，而译码延时低于传统 LP 译码。
en-us	Simulation results show that new method is superior to traditional LP decoding and BP decoding in BER, while the decoding latency are lower than that of the traditional LP decoding.

zh-cn	目前对时域频率稳定度测量仪的主要要求是:
en-us	Presently, the main requirements upon time domain frequency stability measuring instrument are as follows.

zh-cn	测量范围宽，
en-us	Firstly, it has a wide measuring range.

zh-cn	可同时进行短期和长期稳定度测量，
en-us	Secondly, it can perform short-term and long-term measurement of stability simultaneously.

zh-cn	测量精度高，
en-us	Thirdly, it possesses high accuracy of measurement.

zh-cn	可以进行无间隙测量，可以和上位机通讯等。
en-us	Fourthly, it can undertake gapless measurement, and finally, it is able to communicate with the upper computer, etc.

zh-cn	本文主要基于差拍法研制了一个稳定度测量仪器，
en-us	An instrument for measuring frequency signals’ time domain stability based on the beat frequency measurement method is designed and introduced.

zh-cn	对整机的设计和两个关键技术即高稳定度的频率合成器的研制和高分辨率具有无间隙测量能力的拍频测量装置的研制做了详细介绍。
en-us	Technologies for realizing a high stability frequency synthesizer and realizing high precision time difference’s gapless measurement are introduced in this paper.

zh-cn	整机的本底稳定度约为1.3×10-10/ms，4. 0×10-11/10ms，5. 5×10-12/100ms，1. 8×10-12/1s，5. 0×10-13/10s，测量范围是1MHz到30MHz。
en-us	The instrument’s background stability is about 1.3×10-10/1ms, 4.0×10-11/10ms, 5.5×10-12/100ms, 1.8×10-12/1s, 5.0×10-13/10s and its measurement range is from 1MHz to 30MHz at present.

zh-cn	与国内外的主要产品比较，它主要具有宽测量范围和可无间隙测量的优点。
en-us	It mainly has a wide measuring range and can undertake gapless measurement merit compared with the overseas main product.

zh-cn	通过对 Boolean 逻辑和 RM（(Reed-Muller)逻辑的研究，针对 Boolean 逻辑函数 SOP（Sum-of-Products）展开式中无关项取舍不确定的特点，
en-us	Based on the research of Boolean logic and RM(Reed-Muller) logic, according to the feature that don’t care terms in SOP(Sum-of-Products) expansions of Boolean logic functions are not specified,

zh-cn	结合快速列表技术，提出一种包含无关项逻辑函数的固定极性转换方法。
en-us	in conjunction with the fast tabular technology, a fixed-polarity conversion approach for logic functions which include don’t care terms is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法首先求出最小项和无关项的相关与项，
en-us	Firstly, the relational AND terms of mini-terms and don’t care terms are deduced.

zh-cn	然后生成最小项索引表以及无关项索引表，
en-us	Secondly, the mini-terms index table and don’t care terms index table is generated.

zh-cn	最后搜索无关项取舍，得到最佳固定极性 RM（Fixed-Polarity Reed-Muller，FPRM）展开式。
en-us	Finally, the best allocation of don’t care terms is searched so as to get the best FPRM (Fixed-Polarity Reed-Muller) expansions.

zh-cn	通过对 10 个 MCNC Benchmark 电路进行测试，结果表明：与不考虑无关项的极性转换方法相比，该方法能有效简化 FPRM 展开式。
en-us	The results of experiments test on 10 MCNC Benchmark circuits show that: compared with the polarity conversion approach ignoring don’t care terms, the proposed approach can simplify the FPRM expansions.

zh-cn	超宽带是一种新颖的高速无线通信技术。
en-us	Ultra Wide-band (UWB) is a newly developing high-speed wireless communication technology.

zh-cn	其过高的带宽给采样带来了困难，压缩感知理论提供了一种可行的低速采样方法。
en-us	It is difficult to sample it directly as its wider bandwidth. However, compressed sensing(CS) provides a feasible way with lower sampling speed.

zh-cn	针对目前的压缩感知超宽带信道估计方法必须假设信道稀疏度已知，论文提出了基于贝叶斯压缩感知理论的超宽带信道估计方法。
en-us	Considering the current UWB channel estimation reconstruction algorithm which is based on CS must be used on the assumption that channel sparsity is known, an UWB channel estimation method based on bayesian compressed sensing(BCS) is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	将超宽带信道估计转化为压缩感知理论中的重构问题，并使用贝叶斯压缩感知方法进行重构，得到信道估计值及其误差范围，最终实现信息解调。
en-us	UWB channel estimation is translated into CS reconstruction problem. Then BCS method is used in reconstruction to get the channel estimation value and error bound, finally decode UWB signal.

zh-cn	贝叶斯压缩感知理论将稀疏贝叶斯学习理论引入到压缩感知中，给需要重构向量中的每个值设置受超参数控制的后验概率密度函数，
en-us	BCS method introduces the sparse bayesian learning theory into CS. It sets posterior probability density function that is controlled by hyperparameters to each value in the vector that demand reconstruction.

zh-cn	在超参数的更新过程中，零值所对应的超参数将趋向于无穷大，与之对应的后验概率将趋向于零，
en-us	In the process of updating, many of the hyperparameters tend to infinity for those values that have insignificant amplitudes, and these corresponding posterior probability tends to zero.

zh-cn	通过这种方法剔除非重要多径，自适应地找出信道向量中的重要多径，并使用回归算法进行重构。
en-us	This method can reject trivial multipaths, find the critical paths in channel vector automatically and reconstruct them with regression algorithm.

zh-cn	实验结果表明在信道稀疏度未知的情况下，该方法能够对原信道进行有效的重构。
en-us	The experiment results show that this method can reconstruct original channel effectively under the circumstance that channel sparsity is unknown.

zh-cn	采用更高阶 Volterra 滤波器更好地逼近非线性系统时，Volterra 自适应滤波算法的计算复杂度呈幂级数增加。
en-us	As the orders of Volterra filter are enlarged to approach the nonlinear system better, the computational complexity of Volterra adaptive filtering algorithms increases by power series.

zh-cn	针对此问题，本文提出了一种在  稳定分布噪声背景下基于离散余弦变换（DCT）的三阶 Volterra 滤波算法。
en-us	An adaptive algorithm of third-order Volterra filter basedon DCT in  -stable noise environment is proposed.

zh-cn	首先将Volterra 滤波器的三次项权系数矩阵分解成一组二次项权系数矩阵;
en-us	First, the cubic term weighting coefficients matrixes are decomposed into a group of quadratic term weighting coefficients matrixes.

zh-cn	然后利用正交变换，将二次项权系数矩阵变换成对角矩阵，从而大大减少了权系数个数，有效降低了算法的计算复杂度;
en-us	Second, using orthogonal transformation, the quadratic term weighting coefficients matrixes are transformed into diagonal matrixes, so that not only the number of weighting coefficients is decreased greatly but also the computational complexity is effectively reduced.

zh-cn	最后将 Volterra 自适应滤波器输出表示成线性滤波器输出形式，并由此得到权系数自适应调整算法。
en-us	Lastly, the output of Volterra adaptive filter is expressed as the output of linear filter and the adaptive adjusting algorithm of weighting coefficients is proposed.

zh-cn	系统辨识的仿真结果表明，本算法在  稳定分布噪声背景下具有优越的性能。
en-us	Simulation results of system identification show that the new algorithm has better performance in  -stable noise environment.

zh-cn	混沌镇定控制的应用范围很广，所采用的方法很多。
en-us	Chaos stabilization controls have very wide applications and many methods can be used.

zh-cn	本文研究了文氏桥超混沌电路的时滞反馈混沌镇定控制方法，
en-us	An approach of chaos stabilization control in Wien bridge hyperchaotic circuit via time-delay feedback is investigated in this paper.

zh-cn	利用模拟时滞反馈控制器将系统状态变量延时后接入原系统，实现了运行状态从超混沌态到单周期态的转变。
en-us	When the system state variable is delayed and then fed back the original system by utilizing an analogue delay feedback controller, the system working state has a transition from hyperchaotic to periodic.

zh-cn	设计了时滞反馈控制器电路，并进行了平衡点稳定性分析。
en-us	The delay feedback controller circuit is designed and the equilibrium point stabilities are performed.

zh-cn	电路实验结果验证了数值仿真结果，说明了时滞反馈控制器可以有效实现超混沌电路的混沌镇定控制。
en-us	The circuit experimental results verify the numerical simulation results, which illustrate that the time-delay feedback controller can realize the chaos stabilization control of the hyperchaotic circuit effectively.

zh-cn	针对实际中机载SAR成像的运动误差问题，提出基于子孔径分割的高效机载SAR运动补偿算法，其中成像采用线频调变标（Chirp Scaling，CS）算法。
en-us	Due to that airborne SAR imaging systems often face motion error, the motion compensation algorithm combined with sub-aperture technique is proposed, where chirp scaling (CS) algorithm is used for image formation.

zh-cn	同时设计基于FPGA+DSP的实时信号处理系统，
en-us	What is more, a real-time signal processing system based on FPGA+DSP framework is designed.

zh-cn	并通过合理的数据流控制，运算资源分配和任务分配，将实时成像算法高效可靠地映射到实时信号处理器内。
en-us	Convenient data flow strategy is presented, and computational resource is also well arranged to realize efficient operation of the proposed algorithm in real-time processor.

zh-cn	仿真和外场成像实验都验证了该SAR实时成像处理算法和系统的有效性及可靠性。
en-us	Both simulated and real-time radar data experiments are listed to validate the effectivity of the proposal.

zh-cn	利用信号的稀疏性建立图像分类处理模型是图像识别技术的新应用。
en-us	Image classification model utilizing signal sparsity is a novel application for image recognition technology.

zh-cn	通过分析最小l1范数稀疏性的原理，本文导出了一种最小l1范数稀疏性十字“花束”多面体实现模型，并在此基础上，构造了一种l1图表学习分类算法。
en-us	Based on l1-minimization norm sparsity, the paper exports a l1-minimization sparsity “cross-and-bouquet” polytope model, and constructs a l1-graphs clustering algorithm.

zh-cn	通过与几种常用的图像分类算法比较，实验结果说明，本文提出的l1图表学习分类算法具有更高的分类精度和有效性。
en-us	Comparing a few of conventional image clustering algorithm, theoretical results show that the l1-graphs clustering algorithm possesses of much better accuracies and the effectiveness.

zh-cn	双边滤波算法是一种在去噪的同时能很好地保留图像边缘等细节信息的非线性滤波技术。
en-us	The bilateral filter is a nonlinear filter which smoothes an image signal for denoising while preserving edges and details.

zh-cn	针对双边滤波器计算耗时、难于用于实时系统，本文提出一种改进的增维双边滤波的快速算法。
en-us	This paper presents a fast approximate algorithm of an improved growth-dimensional bilateral filtering, to overcome problems of large computational complexity and difficult for real-time systems.

zh-cn	该算法通过对双边滤波器的线性化和图像矩阵的映射，由 FFT 完成线性卷积;
en-us	The algorithm starts with linearization for system of bilateral filter and the image matrix mapping, so that the filter can form linear convolutions through FFT.

zh-cn	然后将计算结果逆映射还原为图像矩阵;
en-us	In a nextstep, the above calculation will be restored to the image matrix by inverse mapping.

zh-cn	最后依据图像的原始坐标和灰度值的差异进行像素补值，达到双边滤波快速实现的目的。
en-us	Finally, all pixels fill values in accordance with the difference of the coordinates and grayscale of the original image, to achieve the purpose of achieving important acceleration of the bilateral filter.

zh-cn	五幅测试图像在不同噪声水平下的实验表明：本方法避免了插值过程，提高了计算效率，
en-us	Experimental which five images are tested at different noise levels proved thatthe method improves the computational efficiency due to interpolation can be avoided.

zh-cn	改进的双边滤波器在滤波精度与传统双边滤波器相仿的同时，运算时间仅为传统双边滤波器的 3. 6%左右。
en-us	The running time of improved bilateral filter is 3. 6% of traditional bilateral filter, while the filtering accuracy is close to the traditional bilateral filter.

zh-cn	具有高频带利用率的新型无线数字通信技术是解决频率资源紧缺和高速率通信间矛盾的有效技术途径。
en-us	In order to solve the conflict between scarcity of the spectrum resources and the urgent demand for high capacity digital communication systems, the bandwidth efficiency of the digital communication systems should be high.

zh-cn	本文以带通数字调制技术为研究对象，提出一种具有高能量集中度的新型数字带通调制方法—二分之一连续相位切普键控（1/2-Continous phase Chirp Keying，1/2-CPCK）。
en-us	In this paper, a new band-pass digital modulation technologies-1/2Continous phase Chirp Keying (1/2-CPCK), whose energy is highly concentrated, are analyzed.

zh-cn	1/2-CPCK 利用分段式切普信号作为已调信号的波形样本，利用已调信号波形样本间频率的平滑过渡特征，实现高频带利用率的数字通信。
en-us	The segmented Chirp signals serve as the waveform samples of modulated signals, which make use of the features that frequency between modulated signals transmits smoothly to improve bandwidth efficiency.

zh-cn	本文构建了 1/2-CPCK 及已调信号功率密度谱的数学模型，分析了已调信号的能量集中度特征，仿真分析了 1/2-CPCK 数字通信系统的误码率特征。
en-us	The paper introduces the mathematical models of 1/2-CPCK and its power spectral density, the energy concentration of modulated signals is analyzed. The BER of the 1/2-CPCK digital communication system is analyzed by simulation.

zh-cn	理论分析和仿真结果表明：1/2-CPCK 已调信号具有较高的能量集中度，1/2-CPCK 系统具有较高的频带利用率和较强的高斯白噪声适应能力。
en-us	Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the energy and bandwidth efficiency of 1/2-CPCK are high, 1/2-CPCK digital communication system has better adaptation to additive white Gaussian noise channel.

zh-cn	本文针对 MIMO 系统的空时码识别问题，研究正交空时分组码（OSTBC）信号的高阶统计量特性。
en-us	In the light of the problem of blind recognition for space-time coding scheme used in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems, the higher-order statistics properties of orthogonal space-time block coding (OSTBC) signals are studied.

zh-cn	利用OSTBC 信号的正交特性，推导给出了 OSTBC 信号的二阶矩 m20 (0) 和 m21 (0) 、四阶矩 m40x (0，0，0) 和 m42x (0，0，0) 、四阶累积量 C40 x (0，0，0) 和 C42x (0，0，0) 。
en-us	Utilizing the orthogonal properties of OSTBC signals, the second-order moments, fourth-order moments and fourth-order cumulants of the OSTBC signal are derived.

zh-cn	由于四阶累积量抑制噪声能力强，提出了基于四阶累积量的 OSTBC 信号的两个特征参数。
en-us	As the fourth-order cumulant with a strong ability to suppress noise, two characteristic parameters of OSTBC signals based on fourth-order cumulant are proposed.

zh-cn	对两种编码方案的仿真结果表明，当信噪比大于 0dB 时，两个特征参数的估计值基本等于理论值;对不同编码方案，
en-us	Simulation results of two coding schemes show that the estimations of these two characteristic parameters are equal to theory values at 0 SNR  ,

zh-cn	这两个特征参数区分度高，因此这两个特征参数可用于 OSTBC 编码方案的信号识别。
en-us	and there is a very distinct between the two coding schemes. Therefore, the two characteristic parameters can be used to identify OSTBC signals.

zh-cn	本文主要研究了欠定盲源分离中源信号的空间分布对系统可辨识性的影响。
en-us	This paper mainly studies the effect of source location on identifiability of underdetermined blind source separation.

zh-cn	从系统可辨识性问题出发，对瞬时欠定盲源分离问题进行空间建模，
en-us	Based on the identifiability of linear system, the paper models the problem of underdetermined blind source separation using a linear array.

zh-cn	理论分析表明，当源信号在空间处在某些特定区域时，系统是不可辨识的，从而无法正确实现欠定盲源分离。
en-us	Theoretical analysis shows that an underdetermined system cannot be identified when sources are located in some areas and the problem of underdetermined blind source separation cannot be resolved.

zh-cn	利用混合矩阵估计的克拉美罗界，进一步明确了影响系统可辨识性的源信号空间分布区域。
en-us	The areas where an underdetermined system cannot be identified are reconfirmed after the cramér-rao bound for estimating the mixing matrix in noisy sparse component analysis is deduced.

zh-cn	仿真实验验证了理论分析的正确性。
en-us	Simulations confirm the theoretical analysis.

zh-cn	本文根据传统的干扰对齐思想，在缩小干扰空间之间弦距的同时尽量增大信号-干扰空间之间弦距，以此为目标设计用户选择准则，
en-us	With the insights from conventional interference alignment (IA), a user selection criterion is formulated not only to reduce the chordal distance between interference spaces, but also to enlarge that between the signal-interference spaces.

zh-cn	并在接收端采用预处理矩阵智能选取技术最大化信道容量，
en-us	Besides, at the receiver side, the post-processing matrix will be selected smartly to maximize channel capacity.

zh-cn	提出了 3 用户 MIMO 干扰信道中稳健的机会干扰对齐方法。
en-us	With all have been mentioned, a robust opportunistic interference alignment (ROIA) method in 3 user MIMO interference channels (IC) is proposed.

zh-cn	相比文献[1]方法，所提出的方法不但具有更高的系统瞬时性能稳健性，而且还具有更高的信道容量，只是在复杂度方面略有增加。
en-us	Compared with the OIA method in [1], the proposed method promises not only robustness in instantaneous performance but also higher capacity. But the system complexity increases slightly.

zh-cn	仿真结果证明了本文方法的有效性。
en-us	The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation results.

zh-cn	随着不断缩小的工艺尺寸，NBTI 为主导的老化因素对 VLSI 器件寿命的影响尤为突出。
en-us	With the shrink of technology scaling, it is significant that aging mainly caused by Negative-Bias-Temperature Instability (NBTI) influence on life of VLSI.

zh-cn	本文针对老化引起的时序违规提出了一种抗老化的结构设计 TFM-CBILBO，在一种 BIST 结构——并发内建逻辑块观察器的基础上，复用了其中原本不工作的时序单元，
en-us	An aging-resilient design called TFM-CBILBO to solve timing violation due to aging is proposed in this paper which is based on a BIST structure—concurrent built-in logic block observer reusing the sequential elements before them idling.

zh-cn	根据电路老化程度切换工作模式，有效防止时序违规的发生。
en-us	According to the varieties of aging levels, by change the mode, timing violation can be protected effectively.

zh-cn	在 UMC0. 18μm 工艺下的实验结果表明，TFM-CBILBO 面积开销为 20. 53%~3. 21%，相比非时序拆借方案时延开销降低 40. 0%~71. 6%。
en-us	Under UMC0. 18μm process the results of experience demonstrate the area overhead is 20. 53%~3. 21%. Compared with traditional design, the delay overhead saves 40. 0%~71. 6%.

zh-cn	本文设计了高效率的支持两个码率的 CMMB 标准的 LDPC 解码器。
en-us	In the paper, A low-power and multi-rate LDPC decoder is designed.

zh-cn	论文采用分层修正最小和算法和存储器压缩技术减少存储器资源的使用;采用备份存储器方法，仅用很少的存储器代价，解决 CMMB 的 LDPC 码存在的存储器读写冲突;
en-us	The layered min-Sum algorithm and memory compress technology are adopted, which reduces the use of memory resources; Split-memory architecture is proposed to solve the memory conflict problem;

zh-cn	采用硬件资源复用，可以同时处理 1/2 码率和 3/4 码率，减少资源消耗。
en-us	Reconfigurable CNU module is designed to support two code rates requirement, rate 1/2 and rate 3/4 which reduces the use of logical resources.

zh-cn	本文设计的 LDPC 解码器，在 SMIC 0. 18m 工艺下进行了综合，综合结果显示，解码器的面积 8. 55mm2，功耗 215. 4mW。
en-us	The decoder is synthesized with SMIC 0. 18m process. The results show that the area is 8. 55mm2and power is about 215. 4mW.

zh-cn	随着工艺尺寸的缩减，老化导致的电路不稳定现象越来越严重。
en-us	With the shrink of technology to scale, circuit instability caused by aging is becoming an increasingly serious problem.

zh-cn	由于 NBTI 效应造成的老化是渐进的，因此老化是可预测的。
en-us	Circuit failure prediction is applicable for overcoming this reliability challenge. It is possible due to the gradual nature of aging degradation.

zh-cn	由此提出了一种具有可配置延迟单元的老化预测电路，并将其中的稳定性校验器和锁存器的功能进行了整合。
en-us	In this paper, a novel integrated sensor with configurable delay element for circuit failure prediction is proposed.

zh-cn	在老化的不同时期，针对老化程度，动态调节延迟单元的延迟大小，得到不同的保护带宽度，从而提高老化预测的准确率。
en-us	In order to improve the detection rate, delay of the delay element that finally forms the guard band interval can be adjusted for different degrees of severity in the aging process.

zh-cn	并通过反馈电路达到对稳定性校验器的输出进行锁存的目的。
en-us	Moreover, feedback circuit in the proposed design can complete latch function perfectly.

zh-cn	与经典结构相比，电路在面积上平均节省 20. 6%左右，在功耗方面减少 36%左右。
en-us	The overhead is significantly small by comparing with the classical structure. Itreduces the area by about 20. 6% on the average and reduces the power by about 36%.

zh-cn	Spice 模拟器的仿真结果证实了电路的优越性。
en-us	Results from the Spice simulation illustrate the superiority of this work.

zh-cn	随着纳米工艺的不断发展，可靠性成为集成电路设计中主要的挑战，特别是像航空，航天和军事等高科技领域。
en-us	Along with the advance of nanometer technology, reliability has become the most important challenge in IC design, especially in some special fields, such as aviation, aerospace and the military.

zh-cn	在深亚微米工艺中，老化效应和软错误是影响电路可靠性的重大因素，业界虽已对此做过研究，
en-us	In ultra-deep submicron technology, aging effect and soft errors are the key factors to affect the circuit reliability. Countermeasures to avoid the reliability problem have been studied for many years.

zh-cn	但是大部分都是把它们分开处理，它们中的大多数结构工作时都存在一个或多个点处于浮空态，存在严重的电荷衰减问题，尤其易受干扰，大大影响了检测结果的准确性。
en-us	However, most are taken separately, furthermore, a lot of them have the problem existing one or more floated node in some special time window, degrading the accuracy of the detection .

zh-cn	本文提出一种新的机制，采用一种低功耗的多功能稳定性检测器来同时解决老化，软错误和延迟故障，
en-us	In this paper, a new mechanism is proposed, with a low power stability checker which can not only detect delay fault and soft errors, but also predict aging effect.

zh-cn	特别是它彻底解决了浮空点问题。
en-us	Especially the checker completely solves the floated nodes problem.

zh-cn	利用 Hspice 仿真工具得到的实验结果表明该结构具有良好的性能和面积权衡，其功耗开销比参照结构节约超过 35%。
en-us	Experiments using Hspice show that the structure proposed in this paper can achieve a good performance–areas tradeoff and save more than 35% power consumption compared with the original one.

zh-cn	本文提出了一种基于范数优化的对角加载自适应波束形成算法。
en-us	A diagonal loading robust adaptive beamforming algorithm based on norm optimization is presented in this paper.

zh-cn	算法利用 p-范数来代替 2-范数对误差不确定性进行总体修正，从而解决导向矢量和样本方差矩阵同时存在失配误差时所导致的波束形成器性能下降问题。
en-us	By using the p-norm to replace 2-norm, the algorithm modifies the error uncertainty to resolve the beamformer perfomance descending as the concurrent mismatch errors on steering vectors and swatch variance matrix.

zh-cn	最优范数 p 通过遗传算法求得。
en-us	The optimized p-norm is acquired by genetic algorithm.

zh-cn	仿真结果验证了在不同实验条件下，相比于传统的对角加载算法，使用最优 p 范数比 2-范数约束具有更好的性能。
en-us	Simulation results validate the better restriction performance using the optimization p-norm than the 2-norm under the different conditions, comparing with the conventional diagonal loading algorithms.

zh-cn	为解决阵列勘探在现场铺设时，采集节点地址容易发生错乱的问题，提出了一种 “流水线逐级增长”与“双次对比”相结合的动态分配方法，以实现在任何现场铺设条件下均能有序地设置所有采集节点的地址。
en-us	Address of collection node is confused easily when array exploration system is connected in the field. For this problem, a dynamic address allocation algorithm of “gradual growth based on pipeline” and “double contrast” is proposed to set address of collection nodes sequentially in array exploration system.

zh-cn	基于阵列勘探的结构特点，使各个采集节点的地址以流水线的方式在同一时间内同时增加，从而实现采集节点地址的并行快速设置，缩短系统初始化的时间。
en-us	Based on the structural features of array explorationsystem, address of each collection node grows at the same time to achieve quickly the set of address of nodes, which reduces the system initialization time.

zh-cn	同时采用对每个采集节点的地址进行两次对比设置的方法，提高节点地址被正确设置的可靠性。
en-us	At the same time, security of address of nodes being set correctly is improved through the method of comparing the address of nodes in twice address allocation.

zh-cn	搭建了具有 8 个采集节点的实验系统，结果表明 8 个节点地址设置总时间为 162. 55s，与理论分析一致，同时也证明了该方法的有效性。
en-us	An experimental system with eight collection nodes is established, and experimental results show that the set total time of address of eight nodes is 162. 55s, which is consistent with the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of the address allocation algorithm.

zh-cn	本文提出了适用于医学领域的 R-MOSFET-C 滤波器，采用 MOSFET 代替传统 RC 有源滤波器中的电阻，实现可调、超低截止频率。
en-us	A low-pass R-MOSFET-C filter with a tunable cutoff frequency is proposed in the paper. In the filter, a MOSFET is employed to replace the resistor in a typical topology of the RC active filter to achieve the tunable and ultra-low cutoff frequency, which is suitable for medical applications.

zh-cn	该滤波器采用 UMC 0. 13m CMOS 工艺，电源电压为 1. 2V。
en-us	The filter is implemented in UMC 0. 13um CMOS technology with a 1. 2V supply voltage.

zh-cn	仿真结果显示，当外部可调电压，即 MOSFET 的栅电压在 0. 6V 到 0. 84V 之间变化时，截止频率可随之在 0. 2Hz 到 292. 8Hz 之间变化。
en-us	The simulation results show that the cutoff frequency ranges from 0. 2Hz to 292. 8Hz as the gate voltage of the MOSFET is tuned from 0. 6V to 0. 84V.

zh-cn	通过基于三次样条曲线的弹性图像配准方法对 ICE（Intracardiac Echocardiographic）图像进行配准后提取对数斑点噪声并对其进行统计分析。
en-us	Statistical properties of log-speckle noise in ICE (Intracardiac Echocardiographic) ultrasound images are analyzed after extraction by an elastic image registration method based on cubic B-spline.

zh-cn	该图像配准方法是使用基于斑点噪声统计特性的最大似然方法建立目标函数并进行最小化，
en-us	The image registration is achieved by minimizing a cost functional constructed by stochastic modeling of speckle noise based on maximum likelihood method.

zh-cn	然后再重构运动场函数并进而在所有像素点提取对数斑点噪声差异值。
en-us	Then the deformation is reconstructed to extract estimates of the log-speckle disparities at all pixels.

zh-cn	计算结果表明在图像不同区域噪声的统计特性呈现明显有区别的空间特征。
en-us	Numerical results show the noticeable spatial modulations across the various regions of the ICE images.

zh-cn	视频运动目标的检测是目标分类和行为理解等后续处理的基础。
en-us	Video Moving Object Detection is the foundation of the object classification and behavior understanding follow-up processing.

zh-cn	本文提出一种复杂背景条件下基于置信传播（BP）的视频运动目标检测算法。
en-us	In this paper, an algorithm based on the belief propagation (BP) is proposed to detect the video moving object in complex backgrounds.

zh-cn	该算法依据视频背景的空间和时间相关性，分别定义了视频背景的空间和时间能量函数，完成视频运动目标的优化检测。
en-us	According to the correlation of spatial and temporal of video background, the spatial and temporal energy function are defined respectively,

zh-cn	利用置信传播算法在相邻像素之间的信息交换来实现能量最小化，
en-us	then it minimize the energy function, accomplish the optimal detection of video moving objects.

zh-cn	不同背景条件下的实验结果验证了该算法的有效性和准确性。
en-us	The availability and accuracy of the algorithm are verified by experimental results in under the different backgrounds.

zh-cn	提出了一种基于改进群搜索优化的认知无线电协作频谱感知方法。
en-us	This paper proposes a method for cognitive radio (CR) spectrum sensing based on improved group search optimizer (GSO).

zh-cn	用改进的群搜索优化算法求解线性协作感知模型中的权重向量，并将本文方法与基于单节点感知、选择合并、等增益合并和 MDC 的频谱感知方法进行了比较，
en-us	The improved GSO is used to get the weight vector in linear cooperation model. And it is compared with the four methods of Single CR method, Selection combining method (SC), Equal gain combining method (EGC) and Modified deflection coefficient method (MDC).

zh-cn	仿真结果表明基于改进群搜索优化算法的协作频谱感知较传统的群搜索优化算法具有更好的收敛性，可获得更高的检测概率，
en-us	Simulation results show that the improved GSO is better in convergence than traditional group search optimizer. It can obtain better detection probability than the four methods.

zh-cn	且检测性能随感知用户数的增加而提高、随噪声环境的恶化而降低。
en-us	The detection performance becomes higher with the increase of CR users and becomes lower under the worse of noise condition.

zh-cn	在主用户数据流量的指数分布模型基础上，考虑认知用户和主用户之间必然存在的数据冲突的影响，
en-us	Due to the on/off freedom of the primary users and the “transmit after listen” rule of the second users, there exist inevitable data collisions between them.

zh-cn	基于认知网络有效数据吞吐量的最大化准则，建立了认知网络帧结构参数中感知周期与检测时间的联合优化模型。
en-us	The trade-off between the cognitive radios network achievable throughput and the cognitive network frame structure is modeled as a joint optimization of sensing period and detection time.

zh-cn	鉴于理论证明的困境，通过基于 Armijo 非精确线搜索的最速下降算法求得了优化模型的全局最优解，
en-us	Considering the theoretical difficulty of the proof, the steepest descent method algorithm based on Armijo line search rule is applied to solve the optimization problem.

zh-cn	结果验证了优化模型的有效性，实现了认知网络的数据吞吐量与帧结构的折衷优化。
en-us	The solutions prove that there exists a unique global optimal solution of our optimization model. Consequently, the optimization model is valid.

zh-cn	搜索算法的结果与同时给出的理论数值仿真是一致的。
en-us	The numerical solutions of the optimization problem are also provided and show the consistency to the search algorithm.

zh-cn	为了减小宏用户和家庭基站之间的干扰，有效分配频谱，本文提出了基于图论着色的分簇信道分配算法。
en-us	In order to mitigate the interference between macrocell users and femtocells and allocate the spectrum efficiently, a graph coloring based clustering algorithm for channel allocation is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	该算法在保证满足宏用户信干噪比（signal-to-interference plus noise ratio ，SINR)要求的前提下确定每个家庭基站可用的子信道集，
en-us	The algorithm guarantees the signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) requirements of microcell users. First, the set of subchannels which can be used for each femtocell is determined.

zh-cn	再根据构造的家庭基站系统干扰图，动态地给每个用户分配所有可用的频谱资源。
en-us	Then according to the constructed interference graph of the femtocell networks, each user is allocated all the available spectrum resources dynamically.

zh-cn	本文分别构建无向干扰图和有向权重干扰图，使用了一种基于簇的改进算法，在保证宏用户信干噪比的条件下，尽量提高家庭基站的吞吐量。
en-us	In this paper, the undirected graph and directed weighted interference graph are constructed respectively and an improved cluster based algorithm is used to ensure the SINR of macrocell users and maximize the femtocell throughput.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，本文算法可以降低宏用户和家庭基站的中断率，同时频谱效率得到提高。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the outage of macrocell users and femtocells as well as improve the spectral efficiency.

zh-cn	根据 OTA 和零-镜元件的端口约束关系，给出了 OTA 的 8 个零-镜描述，
en-us	The paper presents eight nullor-mirror representations for the OTAs according to the terminal relations of the OTAs and nullor-mirror elements.

zh-cn	以此为基础，利用导纳矩阵扩展法实现了 2 种不同类型的 OTA 正弦振荡器：
en-us	Moreover, the NAME method for two different classes of oscillators is considered.

zh-cn	类型Ⅰ使用 2 个 BO-OTA，共有 4 种不同形式;
en-us	The classⅠoscillators employing two BO-OTAs have four different forms;

zh-cn	类型Ⅱ使用 3 个 SO-OTA，共有 8 种不同形式。
en-us	the class Ⅱ oscillators employing three SO-OTAs have eight different forms.

zh-cn	由于使用了规范数目的元件，所有电路容易被集成。电路的参数容易被电控调节。
en-us	Having used canonic number of components, the circuits are easy to be integrated and their parameters can be tuned electronically through tuning bias currents of the OTAs.

zh-cn	计算机仿真结果与理论一致。
en-us	The MULTISIM simulation results are in agreement with theory.

zh-cn	针对稀疏重构应用于二维波达方向估计时存在计算量大的问题，从减少过完备字典的原子个数以及求解模型的阶数这两个方面入手，提出一种具有较低计算复杂度的基于稀疏重构的二维波达方向估计方法。
en-us	The main difficulty of casting sparse reconstruction into two dimension direction-of-arrival (2D-DOA) estimation is the heavy computational burden. In order to overcome this problem, we propose a novel 2D-DOA estimation method in terms of reducing the number of atoms and the model order in the sparse linear model to be solved.

zh-cn	该方法中首先根据 L 型阵的结构特点，对基于阵列接收数据的稀疏线性模型进行分解和重新组合，
en-us	In proposed method, the traditional sparse linear model based on array received data is decomposed, transformed and recombined according to the characteristic of configuration in L-structure array.

zh-cn	抛弃与信源无关的原子，大大减少了原子个数;
en-us	This procedure discards those inactive atoms unrelated to sources and results in an obvious decrease in the number of atoms.

zh-cn	其次，提出利用多快拍数据协方差矩阵的最大特征值对应的特征向量作为待分解信号建立稀疏模型，使模型阶数从快拍数降至一阶。
en-us	Furthermore, based on the eigenvector corresponding to the maximal eigenvalue of covariance matrix of array received data, a new sparse linear model, whose model order is one, is built and substitutes for the traditional sparse linear model.

zh-cn	此外，给出了新方法的详细实施步骤，并且对其计算复杂度进行了理论分析。新方法估计精度高，并且能够自动实现俯仰角和方位角配对。
en-us	Moreover, the detailed steps of the proposed approach are present and the computational complexity is also analyzed.

zh-cn	最后，通过计算机仿真验证了新方法的有效性。
en-us	At last, the excellent estimation performance of our method is demonstrated through a series of computer simulations.

zh-cn	本文将更通用的 Rician 目标模型引入 MIMO 雷达，并根据检验统计量的特点将目标分成三类。
en-us	The Rician target model that is more general is introduced to the MIMO radar, and then the targets are divided to three different kinds based on their optimal detector.

zh-cn	分析和仿真结果表明，MIMO 雷达对较小 k 值时的 Rician 目标，球形目标和 Rayleigh 目标的检测性能比较接近，
en-us	The analysis and simulation show that the detection performance of MIMO radar to the Rician targets whose k is lower, the Raleigh targets and the SWV targets is nearly the same;

zh-cn	对较大 k 值的Rician 目标检测性能优于 Rayleigh 目标和球形目标，
en-us	whereas it is better to the Rician targets whose k is higher than the Raleigh targets and the SWV targets,

zh-cn	而且 k 值越大检测性能越好。
en-us	and that the higher the k is, the better the detection performance is.

zh-cn	仿真结果为 MIMO 雷达的系统设计提供了一定的理论基础。
en-us	The results are very significant to the design of MIMO Radar.

zh-cn	为了保证 MIMO 系统无线传输安全，提出了一种基于投影的物理层安全传输方案。
en-us	A scheme based on projection operator is proposed to guarantee the information theoretical security in MIMO physical layer transmission.

zh-cn	基站在合法信道的投影空间发射相互正交的涉密信号和干扰信号，干扰窃听方恢复信息，同时不影响期望用户接收信号。
en-us	The transmitter has multiple antennas and is able to simultaneously transmit separately information bearing signal to the intended receiver and randomized interference to the eavesdropper in the projection space.

zh-cn	给出了两种信号保密容量准则下功率分配的迭代算法。
en-us	An iterative algorithm of power allocation between them is given according to the secret channel capacity criteria.

zh-cn	通过分析干扰对窃听信号统计特性的影响，证明了对窃听方盲处理造成的不确定度(indeterminacy)。
en-us	Based on the special statistical distributions of the adversary’s received signal, the indeterminacy of its blind deconvolution is proved.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该方案具有较高的保密信道容量，在期望用户处获得比已有方案更低的误码率，而窃听方无法正确解调。
en-us	Numerical results indicate that the secret channel capacity of this scheme is enhanced with reduced bit error rate at the target user, while the eavesdropper can not demodulate correctly.

zh-cn	提出了一种新颖的基于尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）和主成分分析（PCA）的感知哈希方法。
en-us	This paper presents a novel perceptual hashing method based on scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) and principal component analysis (PCA).

zh-cn	SIFT 特征在通常的图像处理中具有很强的稳定性，并具有尺度和旋转不变性，通过对哈希生成两阶段框架的详细分析，SIFT 算法用来提取图像的局部特征点，PCA 用来对特征数据的信息压缩。
en-us	SIFT features are invariant to image scaling and rotation, and stable to common image processing. Through the detailed analysis of two-stage framework of generating hash, SIFT is used to capture the local features of image. PCA is used to compress features information.

zh-cn	每个特征点的 PCA 基的叠加构成图像哈希，在叠加中采用了伪随机处理，增强了算法安全性，
en-us	Final hash is generated by summing PCA basis of each key point. The method uses pesduo-randomly processing for enhancing security of the algorithm.

zh-cn	图像之间的相似度通过哈希的归一化相关值来确定。
en-us	The similarity of images is determined by hash normalization correlation.

zh-cn	实验分析表明该方法对各种复杂攻击，如图像旋转、光照变化、图像滤波等具有较好的稳健性，
en-us	Test results indicate that the proposed method is robust to various types of attacks such as image rotation, illumination change and filtering, etc.

zh-cn	对比基于非负矩阵分解的图像哈希方法在图像识别应用中具有更好的性能。
en-us	It is superior in image identification compared with the image hashing using non-negative matrix factorization.

zh-cn	本文提出了一种 MIMO OFDM 系统中使用 BLAST 空时码的优化型 Turbo 迭代检测算法。
en-us	In this paper, an optimized Turbo-BLAST detection algorithm employing the BLAST scheme for MIMO OFDM systems is proposed, which adopt the soft-output MMSE-PIC detector.

zh-cn	该算法采用基于软输出的 MMSE-PIC 检测器，并在联合考虑信道估计误差与信道空间相关性的基础上，最优化该 MMSE 滤波器的权系数，从而改善了由于实际中存在信道估计误差和信道空间相关性所导致的软信息提取精度恶化现象。
en-us	With taking into account the channel estimation error and channel spatial correlation, the weight of the MMSE filter is optimized, so that the decreased accuracy performance of extracting soft information is improved for existing the channel estimation error and channel spatial correlation in practice.

zh-cn	此外，文中进一步推导获取了该最优化权系数的闭式解和迭代循环的外信息表达式。
en-us	Furthermore, the closed-form solution of the optimal weight and the extrinsic information expression of the iterative loop are concluded.

zh-cn	最后，仿真结果也表明在不同的信道估计误差和信道空间相关性条件下，该算法的 BER 性能总优于传统型软输出的 MMSE-PIC 迭代检测算法，
en-us	Finally, simulations also show that the algorithm outperform the traditional MMSE-PIC iterative detection algorithm in the performance of the BER by the different conditions of channel estimation error and channel spatial correlation.

zh-cn	且计算复杂度相对增加较小。
en-us	At the same time, the computational complexity of the designed algorithm increased less.

zh-cn	为了提高混沌系统的复杂性，本文基于最新提出的简化 Lorenz 系统，采用正弦函数扰动方法和非奇异变换，设计了一个具有四翼吸引子结构的超混沌系统。
en-us	To improve the complexity of a chaotic system, a sinusoidal forcing function and a nonsingular transformation are applied to generate hyperchaotic system with four wings structure based on the simplified Lorenz system in this paper.

zh-cn	通过计算 Lyapunov 指数、分岔图、相图和 Poincaré 截面等方法分析了该系统的动力学特性，
en-us	Dynamics of the hyperchaotic and four-wing attractor system are analyzed and verified by means of Lyapunov exponent spectrums, bifurcation diagrams, phase portraits and Poincaré sections.

zh-cn	分析表明该系统具有丰富的动力学行为。
en-us	Results of numerical analysis and simulations show the four-wing hyperchaotic system has complex dynamical behaviors.

zh-cn	采用分立元件，设计了该系统的模拟电路，电路实验结果与数值仿真结果相吻合，为构建具有高性能的混沌保密通信系统奠定了基础。
en-us	An electronic circuit of the four-wing hyperchaotic system is designed and experimented with discrete components. Circuit experiment results are agreed well with the simulation results, and it lays a good foundation for designing chaotic secure communication with high performances.

zh-cn	本文研究了总发射功率一定的条件下，网络雷达四种模式对 SWII 目标检测性能。
en-us	The detection performance of four kinds of Network Radar models to SWII targets was analyzed when the total power of single pulse of the transmitters is definite.

zh-cn	分析和仿真结果表明，通道数一定时 RPNR 检测性能最好，MIMO 次之，NR 效果最差。
en-us	The simulated and analyzed results show that the RPNR detection performance is better than MIMO, MIMO is better than MW, and NR has the worst detection performance when the transmitters’ number is definite.

zh-cn	MIMO 与 MW 模式的检测性能对通道数的变化不敏感，且脉冲数越多这种趋势越明显。
en-us	The MIMO and MW detection performance have a little change when the transmitters’ number have a large change, and the more the pulse number is, the more obvious the change trend is.

zh-cn	针对具有低压触发特性的静电放电(electrostatic discharge，ESD)保护电路易闩锁的不足，本文结合 CSMC 0. 6μm CMOS 工艺，设计了一种可应用于 ESD 保护电路中的独立双阱隔离布局方案，
en-us	Considering the deficiency that electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit which has characteristic of low trigger voltage is easy to lead to latch-up, and combining with the CSMC 0. 6μm CMOS process, a layout scheme of independent double-well isolation that can be applied in the ESD protection circuit is presented in this paper.

zh-cn	这种方案不仅可以有效的阻断形成闩锁的 CMOS 器件固有纵向 PNP 与横向 NPN 晶体管的耦合，且兼容原有工艺而不增加版图面积。
en-us	This scheme cannot only effectively block the coupling of the latched up CMOS device’s inherent vertical PNP and lateral NPN transistor, but also be compatible with the original process without increasing the layout area.

zh-cn	将此布局方案与常规保护环结构同时应用于笔者研制的具有低压快速触发特性双通路 ESD 保护电路中，
en-us	The scheme and the conventional guard ring structure are both applied to the dual-channel ESD protection circuit with characteristic of low-voltage triggering, which is developed by the author.

zh-cn	通过流片及测试对比表明，该布局方案在不影响保护电路特性的同时，
en-us	Fabricating and testing by comparison show that comparing with the conventional guard ring structure, in the meanwhile not affecting the characteristic of the protection circuit,

zh-cn	较常规保护环结构更为有效的克服了保护电路的闩锁效应，从而进一步提升了该保护电路的鲁棒性指标。
en-us	this layout scheme is more effective in preventing the latch-up, which thereby further enhancing the circuit’s robustness.

zh-cn	本文的布局方案为次亚微米 MOS ESD 保护电路版图设计提供了一种新的参考依据。
en-us	This layout scheme offers a new reference for the layout design of the sub-submicron MOS ESD protection circuit.

zh-cn	设计了一种集成温度传感器的无源超高频射频识别（UHF RFID）标签芯片。
en-us	A design of UHF RFID tag embedded with temperature sensor is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	通过采用阈值补偿及分级供电的方式，有效的提高了能量转化电路的效率;
en-us	Through the methods of threshold compensation and power-supply with classification, power conversion efficiency has been greatly improved.

zh-cn	通过采用正负两种温度系数电流求和的电路结构，得到近似零温度系数的参考电流。
en-us	And a reference current with almost zero-temperature coefficient is obtained by means of mixture of two kinds of currents with passive-temperature coefficient and negative one respectively.

zh-cn	采用固定频率时钟驱动的计数器对源自振荡周期随温度变化时钟的信号采样计数的方式计算测量环境温度，
en-us	Sampling circuit driven by fixed frequency clock calculates the sampling value of signals from the clock whose frequency varies with temperature, and thus gets the environmental temperature.

zh-cn	由于两个振荡器电路完全对称，从而避免了工艺因素的影响。
en-us	For the reason of the oscillators with the same structure, it can eliminate the influence of the technical process.

zh-cn	芯片在 TSMC 0. 18μm Mix-signal/RFCMOS 工艺进行流片，测试结果显示，芯片最远识读距离达到 7. 5 米，在-40℃~+55℃温度范围内，温度测量误差最大不超过 2℃。
en-us	The design has been implemented in TSMC 0. 18um Mix-signal/RFCMOS process. Test results show that the maximum read distance is up to 7. 5m and the error of measured temperature is less than 2℃ in the range of -400C~+550C

zh-cn	提出一种面向 3D 视频的目标分割与快速跟踪算法，主要分为空域分割和时域与视域跟踪两个主要步骤。
en-us	A new algorithm for object segmentation and fast tracking in 3D video is proposed which mainly consists of two steps: spatial segmentation and object tracking along temporal and view directions.

zh-cn	空域分割采用基于改进 C-V 模型的方法。
en-us	Spatial segmentation is implemented based on an improved C-V model.

zh-cn	首先基于帧差法提取运动区域作为目标的初始轮廓，以减少迭代次数加快收敛速度。
en-us	Firstly, moving regions are detected based on frame difference and the results are used as initial contours of C-V model aiming to reduce the iteration times and accelerate the convergence rate.

zh-cn	然后在传统的 C-V 模型中加入图像边缘信息以加强 C-V 模型对模糊边缘的处理能力，提高分割结果的主管视觉效果。
en-us	Secondly, an energy term is added into the original C-V model to enhance its ability to process blur edges and therefore to improve the subjective visual effect of the overall segmentation results.

zh-cn	时域和视域的目标跟踪采用基于改进生物地理优化的快速跟踪方法。
en-us	The object tracking along temporal and view directions is performed based on an improved biogeography-based optimization method.

zh-cn	实验结果表明所提分割与跟踪算法快速、高效。
en-us	Experiments are performed and convincing results are obtained.

zh-cn	在正交波形 MIMO 雷达信号处理中，发射信号分离是其中的一个重要环节，
en-us	The extraction of transmitting signals is an important step in signal processing for MIMO radar.

zh-cn	一般可以通过匹配滤波器组来实现，而匹配滤波器组对信号分离是基于发射信号满足理想正交条件的，
en-us	Usually, it can be realized by matched filter bank which principle is based on ideal orthogonal condition for transmitting waveforms.

zh-cn	实际中由于很难得到理想的正交波形集，因此将会造成信号分离能力下降或分离不彻底，
en-us	But it is hard to get ideal orthogonal waves. So with the matched filter bank, the signal extracting capability descends acutely.

zh-cn	
en-us	Therefore, a new method to design optimal filter bank is proposed.

zh-cn	为此，提出一种优化滤波器组设计方法，以最小化滤波输出峰值旁瓣电平为目标函数，
en-us	The object function is formulated through minimizing peak sidelobe level of filter output.

zh-cn	采用凸优化方法进行全局优化设计，
en-us	Convex optimization is used to get the global optimal filters.

zh-cn	计算机仿真表明，该方法所设计的优化滤波器组可以显著提高非理想正交波形 MIMO 雷达的信号分离能力。
en-us	The computer simulations verify that the optimal filter bank can improve the extracting capability for MIMO radar with nonideal orthogonal transmitting waves.

zh-cn	正交匹配追踪（OMP）算法是一种基于压缩感知的稀疏信道估计方法，本文对 OMP 算法的终止条件进行研究，
en-us	The Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) algorithm is one of the sparse channel estimation methods based on compressed sensing.

zh-cn	针对非整数倍路径时延环境中路径能量泄露导致路径总数增多且难以确定的问题，给出了一种基于噪声方差的终止准则，其中噪声方差可以通过估计获得。
en-us	Multipath energy leakage due to the non-integer multipath delay will always lead to multipath number increasing and bring difficulties to detection. In this paper, we investigate the termination criterion of the OMP algorithm and design one based on noise variance which can be obtained by estimation.

zh-cn	这种基于噪声方差的 OMP 算法（NV-OMP）能够检测信道路径个数，并获得有效的信道估计。
en-us	The OMP algorithm based on noise variance (NV-OMP) can jointly detect the channel multipath number and estimate the channel state information.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，与基于稀疏度已知的 OMP 算法相比，NV-OMP 算法在非整数倍路径时延环境下的信道估计性能更加鲁棒，因而更适合于实际应用。
en-us	The stimulation results show that, compared with the OMP algorithm based on known sparsity, the NV-OMP algorithm is more robust in non-integer multipath delay environment, and hence is more suitable for practical applications.

zh-cn	文章同时仿真分析了噪声方差对 NV-OMP 算法性能的影响。
en-us	Moreover, the influence of noise variance estimation on the performance of the new OMP algorithm is also presented.

zh-cn	LED光源作为新型绿色环保光源，具有寿命长，发光效率高，高亮度以及工作电压低等优点。
en-us	LED light source as a new, green and environmental friendly light, has advantages of long life, high luminous efficiency, high brightness and low operating voltage.

zh-cn	基于LED驱动电路的过温保护以及降低功耗要求，本文设计了一种用正温敏电阻来自动调节LED驱动电流以及降低采样电阻功耗的LED驱动电路，
en-us	In view of the requirements of over- temperature protection and reduce power consumption about LED drive circuits, this paper introduces a LED driver circuit for temperature-sensitive resistor to automatically adjust the LED drive current and reduce the sampling resistor power.

zh-cn	与常用的LED驱动电路相比，其优点在于：在温度达到保护点时，驱动电流不是直接降为零，而是在不被人眼明显发觉光变的前提下，LED驱动电流随系统温度的增加而适当的降低，因此，更适应照明等领域。
en-us	Compared with the commonly used LED, this circuit has an advantage over the others. When the temperature comes to protection point, the LED drive current is not directly reduced to zero, but be decreased softly with the increases of the system temperature, in the premise of changes in flux are not obviously detected by human eyes.

zh-cn	本文所选取的LED驱动电流为ILED=350mA，LED灯阵列由M×N矩阵形式组成。
en-us	Therefore, it is more suitable for lighting and other fields. This paper select 350 mA LED drive current and the LED light array is composed of M×N matrix.

zh-cn	超宽带信号由于功率谱密度较低和传输多径复杂，准确的信道估计十分重要。
en-us	Due to the low power spectrum density and complicated transfer multi-path of Ultra-Wideband(UWB) signal, it is important to do channel estimation accurately.

zh-cn	考虑其过高带宽带来的采样难度较高的问题，压缩感知理论提供了一种可行的低速采样方法。
en-us	But it's difficult to sample it directly as its wider band width. However, compressed sensing(CS) provides a feasible way with lower sampling speed.

zh-cn	而目前常用的随机投影矩阵与超宽带信道稀疏变换矩阵相关度较高，算法必须在降维比较高时才能达到重构要求，采样速率依然较高。
en-us	Common random projection matrix remains high coherence with UWB channel sparse transform matrix and this leads the algorithm achieve reconstruction requirement only at high compressing ratio, which means that it still needs a high sampling speed.

zh-cn	针对上述问题，提出使用贝叶斯压缩感知理论中的自适应投影矩阵设计方法进行超宽带信道估计。
en-us	To solve these problems, an UWB channel estimation method based on an adaptive projection matrix using bayesian compressed sensing(BCS) is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	贝叶斯压缩感知理论给信道向量中的每个值设置受超参数控制的后验概率密度，计算信道向量的统计特性，
en-us	BCS sets posterior probability density function which is controlled by hyperparameters to each value in the channel vector and computes its statistical characteristics.

zh-cn	并根据协方差矩阵计算新的投影向量，该投影向量可以使重构解的微分熵下降最快。
en-us	Using covariance matrix to reckon new projection vector which can lower the differential entropy of reconstruction value steepest.

zh-cn	通过这种自适应的投影矩阵设计方法，可以利用较少的采样值进一步地提高重构解的可信度，达到进一步降低采样速率的目的。
en-us	This method enhances the certainty of reconstruction value and lowers the sampling speed using fewer samples.

zh-cn	实验结果表明该方法相对于现有的压缩感知重构算法可以在较低的降维比条件下达到较好的重构效果，显著降低了采样速率。
en-us	The experimental results show that this method can achieve a better reconstruction performance compared to the existing CS reconstruction algorithm at low compressing ratio and decrease the sampling speed notably.

zh-cn	在传输线网络瞬态响应灵敏度分析之中，提出了一种基于 NILT 的新的分析方法。
en-us	A novel method based on NILT is presented to analyze the sensitivity of transient response of the networks containing transmission lines.

zh-cn	该方法将传输线及其效应连同电子元器件及单元电路作为一个整体，
en-us	In this method, transmission lines, circuit and its components are taken into account as a whole.

zh-cn	根据传输线在电路中的拓扑关系，将传输线网络瞬态响应灵敏度分析问题转化为求解传输线网络瞬态响应问题，以及传输线 ABCD 矩阵对电路参数的偏导数问题。
en-us	According to the topology of the transmission lines in the circuit, the sensitivity of transient response of the circuit can bederived by solving the transient response of the circuit and the partial derivative equation of the ABCD matrix of the transmission lines with respect to the parameters of the circuit.

zh-cn	通过将 ABCD 矩阵进行级数展开，极大地简化了 ABCD 矩阵对电路参数偏导数的计算以及传输线网络瞬态响应灵敏度的分析。
en-us	By conducting a series expansion of the parameter matrix, the problem can be simplified dramatically.

zh-cn	本文方法不需要对耦合传输线进行解耦，具有简单、精确、高效等特点，算例结果表明了本文方法的有效性。
en-us	Without decoupling calculation of the coupled transmission lines, this method is simple and accurate. The example given shows the effectiveness of the method.

zh-cn	针对长期演进系统中的下行信道估计问题，首先介绍了常用的线性最小均方误差算法在频域和时域信道估计中的应用。
en-us	This paper considers the channel estimation in the long term evolution (LTE) downlink system. We introduce the linear minimum mean squared error (LMMSE) estimation algorithm which is used in frequency domain and time domain.

zh-cn	其次对于该算法复杂度过高的问题提出了使用矩形模型、加窗等的简化方案，
en-us	Following this, we propose some methods like mismatched model or sliding window.

zh-cn	这样就避免了过于繁琐的信道相关矩阵的计算以及大量数据的存储。
en-us	The proposed method reduces the complexity of LMMSE algorithm in avoiding the complicated calculation in channel correlation matrix and a large number of data to be saved.

zh-cn	最后针对算法简化后存在的性能损失，提出了一种改进的信道估计算法，通过增加虚拟导频、保留延时帧等技术来提高算法性能。
en-us	At last, we use added pilot, pre-subframe and post-subframe data to improve the estimation performance.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，本文提出的改进算法不仅拥有良好的信道估计性能，同时具有较低的实现复杂度。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed methods can significantly improve the system performance in low complexity.

zh-cn	根据线性分组码相关特性和矩阵分析的原理，提出一种对数字通信系统中交织进行检测的方法。
en-us	The paper proposes a method for interleaver detection based on the correlation characteristic of linear block codes and matrix analysis.

zh-cn	首先建立了交织检测识别模型，通过求解矩阵标准形的秩分析其是否随矩阵维数增大而成比例增大，从而判定有无交织器，实现交织的检测。
en-us	In the detection, the recognition model is established first, and the rank of matrix standard form is calculated. The interleaver then can be detected by judging whether the rank changed with the dimensions of matrix.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该检测方法在误码率不大于10-3 时，能达到100% 的识别概率，具有较高的容错性能。
en-us	Finally, the simulation results shows that the proposed method is highly robust to the bit errors, and almost 100% identification probability can be obtained for the bit error rate (BER) lower than 10-3.

zh-cn	本文提出了多输入多输出系统中频率选择性衰落信道下的一种联合迭代检测和 LDPC 译码的算法，采用因子图的模型将检测器和译码器融合到了一个框架中，
en-us	The paper propose a joint iterative detector and LDPC decoder algorithm in frequency selective multiple-input multiple-output system and combine the detector and decoder into a framework based on factor graph.

zh-cn	通过检测器与译码器两个处理器内部及全局的信息混合调度改善系统性能。
en-us	The performance can be improved by scheduling the internal message and global message of the detector and the decoder.

zh-cn	与 MAP 检测比，该算法以较低的复杂度获得良好的性能，因子图检测特有的并行调度在硬件快速实现上更具优势。
en-us	Compared with MAP detector, the proposed algorithm has good performance and the parallel schedule has more advantages in fast hardware implementations.

zh-cn	介绍了自动变步长分块最小均方（Block Least Mean Square，BLMS）自适应均衡算法。
en-us	This paper introduces a block least mean square (BLMS) algorithm with automatic variable step.

zh-cn	通过自动变更步长，改善了算法的收敛与稳态误差性能。
en-us	By automatic variable step method, its performances of convergence and stable error are improved.

zh-cn	针对改进后的快速 BLMS 算法硬件实现特点，对其中采用重叠保留法的快速傅里叶变换（Fast Fourier Transformation，FFT）模块，进行了优化，降低了该算法的计算复杂度。相关仿真表明，该算法能在典型多径高速传输环境下能快速收敛，并接近理想性能，且跟踪信道的性能较好，部分 FFT 计算过程还得到优化。故该算法在保证性能的基础上，还减少了计算资源，具有较大工程实践意义。
en-us	According to the features of the implementation of the improved variable step fast BLMS algorithm, the Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) module with overlap saving method is optimized for realization. Thus it reduces the computation complexity and saves much computation resources, which make it very efficient in practice, especially in resource limited multi-path high data-rate wireless communications.

zh-cn	针对判决反馈均衡器在低信噪比时存在误差传递、高信噪比时均衡效果好的特点，对窄带短波单音串行数据通信，在提出时变信道系数 VCC-DDEA 和判决反馈 VCC-DDEA（DFE-VCC-DDEA）信道均衡算法的基础上，研究了利用实时信噪比估计指导信道均衡方式动态切换的 DS-VCC-DDEA 算法。
en-us	In allusion to the excellent performance for high SNR and error spread for low SNR, DS-VCC-DDEA is researched based on the proposition of VCC-DDEA and DFE-VCC-DDEA in Narrow-Band HF(High Frequency) single serial tone data communication, which is realized by switching the equalization algorithm between VCC-DDEA and DFE-VCC-DDEA guided by the real-time SNR estimation from the current frame.

zh-cn	该算法摒弃了传统 DDEA 算法中信道系数在一帧数据范围内恒定的假设，结合判决反馈均衡器的优点，可获取到信道均衡整体性能的提高。
en-us	DS-VCC-DDEA not only abandons the hypothesis that the channel coefficients is constant for DDEA in the frame, but also avoids the short-back of DFE equalizer, and can fetch the integral performance improvement for different SNR.

zh-cn	仿真结果验证了DS-VCC-DDEA 相对 DDEA、VCC-DDEA 和 DFE-VCC-DDEA 算法的优越性。
en-us	Simulation validates its advantage to DDEA, VCC-DDEA and DFE-VCC-DDEA.

zh-cn	在有限数据条件下，提出了一种基于数据分段处理和重叠保留的改进循环谱密度估计算法，给出了算法实现的具体步骤，并从改进前后循环谱估计方差、抑制噪声能力和可靠性、分辨率几个方面详细分析了改进算法的性能，推导了相应的表达式。
en-us	An innovatory cyclic spectrum estimation algorithm is proposed based on data division and overlap reservation in limited data length. The procedure is given and the performance of the algorithm is analyzed from the point of estimation variance, the ability of restraining noise, resolution and reliability, and the expression is deduced.

zh-cn	得出了改进算法能够减小循环谱密度估计的方差，在低信噪比时能更有效地抑制噪声对信号循环谱的影响的结论。
en-us	It is deduced that the innovatory algorithm can reduce the cyclic spectrum estimation variance and the influence of noise on signal’s cyclic spectrum.

zh-cn	仿真结果证明了本文所提出算法的有效性。
en-us	The simulation results have proved that the validity of the method.

zh-cn	本文提出了一种用于反激式开关电源控制芯片的高精度原边反馈技术，
en-us	This paper presents a high accuracy primary side feedback technology, which can be used in a flyback controller IC.

zh-cn	可以自动追踪原边辅助绕组电压的膝电压位置，得到高精度的反馈电压并将其进行模数转换输出反馈量 VFB，
en-us	It can auto track the knee voltage of the auxiliary side voltage (Vsense) and converts this voltage to digital single (VFB) that can be sent to a digital compensator.

zh-cn	控制芯片中的数字补偿模块根据 VFB 的值调节开关管的导通时间，最终实现输出电压的精确调制。
en-us	The digital compensator of the controller IC adjusts the output voltage according to the VFB.

zh-cn	本文提出的反馈技术采用 csmc0.18m 工艺实现，验证结果显示本设计可以很好的检测到膝电压，实现了精确的原边反馈。
en-us	In order to verify the presented technology it has been designed with csmc0. 18m process。

zh-cn	采用 ADS 软件设计并仿真了一种应用于 WiMax2 标准的低噪声放大器。该低噪声放大器基于 TSMC 0. 13μm CMOS 工艺，工作带宽为 2. 3 GHz ~2. 7GHz。
en-us	Design of a 2. 3 GHz ~2. 7 GHz CMOS LNA using TSMC 0. 13μm process for WiMax2.

zh-cn	使用共栅极结构进行输入匹配，使用电容进行输出匹配。
en-us	Common-gate structure was used in the input stage which leads to maintaining good linearity with better input matching. Capacitance was used for output matching.

zh-cn	使用 ADS2006 软件进行设计、优化和仿真。
en-us	Simulation and optimization of LNA have been done by ADS2006.

zh-cn	仿真结果显示，在 2. 3 GHz ~2. 7GHz 带宽内，放大器的电源电压在 1. 2V 时，噪声系数低于 1. 96dB，增益大于 21. 8dB，整个电路功耗为 9mW。
en-us	Results show noise figure of the amplifier is below 1. 96dB under working voltage of 1. 2V in 2. 3 GHz ~2. 7GHz, gain is greater than 21. 8dB and power consumption is 9mW.

zh-cn	OFDM 系统中，需要获得信道状态信息实现相干解调。
en-us	In orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems, channel state information is essential for coherent demodulation.

zh-cn	信道的时变性会带来子载波间干扰（ICI），降低信道估计算法的精度。
en-us	The accuracy of channel estimation would be degraded by intercarrier interference (ICI) caused by time-varying character.

zh-cn	针对信道的快时变性，提出一种基于特征值分解的时变信道估计方法，同时设计一种新的导频结构。
en-us	For time-varying channels, a new channel estimation method based on eigenvalue decomposition was proposed, and a new pilot pattern was also designed.

zh-cn	该方法利用信道矩阵时域及频域相关性，将信道频域矩阵表示为其特征向量的线性加权，并用贝叶斯模型估计加权系数。
en-us	By exploiting the time and frequency correlations of channel taps, the frequency-domain channel matrix can be decomposed by a sum of its eigenvector, then the coefficients were estimated by using a Bayesian model.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提方法能有效降低 ICI 对系统性能的影响，可较好地满足快时变信道环境的要求。
en-us	Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed channel estimation method in rapidly time-varying scenarios against ICI.

zh-cn	本文通过求解融入纹理特征信息的对称、半正定线性方程组，提出一种新的基于随机游走（Random Walker）的纹理图像分割算法。
en-us	In this paper, we propose a new random walker model for texture image segmentation through solving a symmetric, semi-positive-definite system of linear equations equipped with the texture information.

zh-cn	为了构造该方程组，首先通过局部二元模式（Local binary pattern，简称LBP）算子来描述纹理，将图像映射至不同纹理之间有显著区别的LBP图（LBP map）上，
en-us	In the construction of the equations, we perform the feature extraction based on Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and map the original image into the space where textures are distinguished from each other (called as LBP map).

zh-cn	进而将其与梯度和几何信息结合并构造倒数型像素相似度，形成方程所需的权值矩阵，在随机游走模型下使已标号区域向未知区域传递，从而实现纹理图像分割。
en-us	The similarity between the pixels is then constructed by combining the LBP, gradient and geometric feature in a reciprocal fashion. These similarities are formed as the edge weights of the graph, which helps the labels of the seeds propagate into the unlabeled regions during the random walker process.

zh-cn	最后以纹理图像、噪声合成图像、MRI、CT图像为实验对象来验证算法的有效性。定性及定量实验结果表明，在多目标分割任务下，本方法有更好的有效性和精确性。
en-us	Experiments on the texture images, synthetic noise images and medical images shows that the proposed segmentation method extends the state-of-art random walker segmentation to texture images successfully and outperforms some other texture segmentation algorithms particularly on multi-label problem based on the qualitative and quantitative results.

zh-cn	论文建立了并行机载斜视双站 SAR 的结构模型和信号模型，用收发载机多普勒贡献比为加权系数推导了点目标回波的扩展 Loffeld 频谱公式（ELBF）。
en-us	Based on the geometrical model and signal model of parallel airborne bistatic squint SAR(Bi-SAR), extended Loffeld bistatic formula (ELBF) of point target echo is derived by using the weighting factors that is defined by the Doppler contribution ratios of the transmitter and receiver.

zh-cn	在二维频域内补偿双站扭曲项，然后对剩余相位项做 Taylor 展开，利用Chirp Scaling（CS）方法，推导了并行机载双站斜视 SAR 的 ELBF-CS 成像算法。
en-us	Bistatic deformation is compensated in the two-dimensional (2-D) frequency domain, residual phase items in spectrum expressions are expanded using Taylor series expansion, and the ELBF-CS imaging algorithm of parallel airborne bistatic squint SAR is deduced combining with the CS theory.

zh-cn	双站结构参数及双站扭曲项的距离向空变性用回波数据的距离向分块处理，推导了数据分块条件，由此可以实现宽场景成像。
en-us	The variance of bistatic parameters and bistatic deformation in range can be compensated by data blocking in range, so the algorithm can be easily expanded to wide scene focusing.

zh-cn	算法基于更精确的 ELBF，并用 CS 方法校正点目标距离徙动，处理流程更简单，成像效率更高，
en-us	With more accurate 2-D frequency spectrum formula and good range cell migration correction (RCMC) method, the processing procedure of algorithm is simplified and imaging efficiency is also improved.

zh-cn	仿真验证了本文算法处理并行机载双站斜视 SAR数据的有效性。
en-us	Simulations validate the proposed algorithm to process the parallel airborne bistatic squint SAR data

zh-cn	以最大化规范四阶累积量绝对值为目标函数，解决了因概率密度函数估计过程中激活函数选取不当而带来算法分离性能下降的问题;
en-us	Considering maximizing the absolute value of normalized fourth-order cumulant as the objective function can avoid decline of algorithm performance caused by unsuitable activation function which is used to estimate probability density function.

zh-cn	引入 PSO-CF 方法进行优化问题求解，防止算法收敛到局部极值，降低算法的实现复杂度。
en-us	For solving the optimization problem, particle swarm optimization with constriction factor is chosen to prevent algorithm from converging at local extremum, and then reduce the algorithm complexity of achievement.

zh-cn	为高效实现从多源混合信号中抽取有限数目的目标信号，提出了一种基于 PSO-CF 的有限目标信号盲抽取算法。
en-us	A limited blind target signal extract algorithm based on PSO-CF is proposed in order to extract limited blind target signals from all source signals.

zh-cn	仿真表明，该算法对超高斯、亚高斯及混合型源信号均可分离，算法普适性强，且收敛速度快，分离性能良好。
en-us	Simulation shows that super-Gaussian, sub-Gaussian or mixed source signals can be successfully separated by the algorithm, which has a good applicability, fast convergence speed and great separation performance.

zh-cn	论文提出了一种基于特征向量稀疏分解的 DOA 估计方法。
en-us	The thesis proposes a novel DOA (direction of arrival) estimation method using sparse decomposition of eigenvector on the basic of the sparse characteristic of space signals.

zh-cn	依据阵列协方差矩阵的最大特征向量是所有信号导向矢量的线性组合这一性质。
en-us	Firstly, the biggest eigenvector of covariance matrix is proved to be the linear combination of all steer vectors.

zh-cn	利用阵列协方差矩阵的最大特征向量建立稀疏模型进行 DOA 估计。该方法能有效降低噪声的影响，避免估计信号源数目，增强了算法的鲁棒性。
en-us	Then the biggest eigenvector of covariance matrix is extracted to build sparse decomposition model for DOA estimation, the effects caused by the noise is largely reduced and the sources number estimation is able to skip by this method.

zh-cn	理论分析和仿真实验，验证了本文方法具有较高的精度、较好的分辨力、对相干信号也具有优越的适应能力，性能优于 MUSIC 算法。
en-us	The theoretical analysis and experimental results show this new method has a better performance than the MUSIC algorithm in the aspects of accuracy, resolution and adaptability to coherent signals.

zh-cn	冗余字典的信号稀疏分解是一种新的信号表示理论，采用超完备的冗余函数系统代替传统的正交基函数，为信号自适应地稀疏扩展提供了极大的灵活性。
en-us	Signal sparse decomposition of redundant dictionaries is a new theory for signal representation. The theory can adaptively provide a flexible method for signal sparsity extension via using overcomplete redundant function instead of conventional orthonormal-basis function.

zh-cn	本文研究了压缩感知理论下的冗余字典、测量矩阵及其限制等容特性（RIP，Restricted Isometry Property），并给出了RIP、字典大小、稀疏度和测量次数的关系，提出了一种新的迭代软阈值（IST）算法，
en-us	Based on investigation for redundant dictionaries and measurement matrix as well as restricted isometry property for compressed sensing, the paper presents a novel algorithm of iterative soft threshold (IST).

zh-cn	与正交匹配追踪（OMP）算法和迭代硬阈值（IHT）算法相比较，实验结果表明了IST算法具有更高的信号恢复率。
en-us	Comparing the proposed IST with orthogonal matching pursuits (OMP) and iterative hard threshold (IHT) respectively, experiment results show that the IST algorithm has higher signal recovery ratio.

zh-cn	本文提出了一种基于选择性集成径向基函数神经网络（SE-RBFNN）的来波方向（DOA）估计方法，解决单个神经网络建模进行DOA估计精度低的问题。
en-us	A novel DOA estimation algorithm based on the equal-width-voting selective RBF neural network ensemble is proposed, which overcomes the low estimation precision and weak generalization ability flaws in the traditional single neural network estimation algorithm.

zh-cn	首先利用Bagging方法训练生成一定数量的RBFNN弱分类器，其估计精度低但泛化能力强;
en-us	Bagging algorithm is used to train amount individual RBFNN, which has low estimation precision but good generalization performance.

zh-cn	然后提出并运用等宽分箱—投票选择性集成方法剔除估计误差大的奇异值个体，优选部分RBFNN输出结果进行平均处理，从而获得了高精度的DOA估计。
en-us	Then the equal-width-voting selective ensemble algorithm is proposed to extract the appropriate number of ensemble members from the available individual networks, meanwhile the DOA estimation strong learner that has higher estimation precision and better generalization ability is constructed.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明了算法的有效性，相对单个RBFNN建模，构建的选择性集成模型能适应方向特征的变化，算法的来波估计精度显著提高。
en-us	Experimental results showthat, compared with the single RBFNN estimation algorithm, the estimation precision and generalization ability is largely improved.

zh-cn	针对复杂体制雷达辐射源识别，提出一种基于时频分布Rényi熵的雷达信号特征提取和识别方法。
en-us	To correctly classify advanced radar emitter signals, a novel approach adopting Rényi Entropy of time frequency distribution for radar emitter signal recognition is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法首先对雷达辐射源信号进行时频变换，
en-us	Time-frequency distribution of radar emitter signals are obtained by using time-frequency reassignment transform,

zh-cn	然后提取信号时频分布的3阶、7阶和11阶Rényi熵作为特征向量，得到具有维数低、类间差异较大的识别特征。
en-us	and then the third-order, seventh- order and eleventh- order Rényi Entropy of time-frequency distribution are used to construct a feature vector which has low dimensions and large between-class difference for radar signal recognition.

zh-cn	最后采用支持向量机分类器实现信号的分类识别。
en-us	Finally the support vector machine is used to identify radar emitter signals automatically.

zh-cn	文中对8种常见雷达信号进行了仿真实验，结果表明在较大的信噪比范围内，该方法能获得较为满意的正确识别率，
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed approach can achieve satisfying accurate recognition over a wide range of SNR scenarios.

zh-cn	当信噪比为-3dB时，采用时频分布Rényi熵特征的平均识别率仍能达到90.75%，验证了提出方法的有效性。
en-us	Even for SNR=-3dB, the accurate recognition rate still achieves 90. 75% by using Rényi Entropy of time-frequency distribution. The validity of the approach is demonstrated by experiments.

zh-cn	D.J. Love 等在文献[7]中提出了基于正交空时码的有限反馈多天线系统，并且设计了至今保持最优性能的码本。
en-us	Based on Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes (OSTBC), D. J. Love etc introduce a limited feedback MIMO system. For this system, based on analysis of performance, they also propose a designing criterion of precodebooks and design the practical precodebooks that keep the best-known performance.

zh-cn	这一系统已经被 IEEE 国际标准所采用。
en-us	The system is adopted by IEEE international standards.

zh-cn	针对这一系统，本文基于文献[16]中的预编码设计准则，提出了新的预编码设计方案。
en-us	For this system, this paper proposes a new designing scheme of precodebooks based on another designing criteria.

zh-cn	相对于 Love 等在[7]中提出的码本，本文提出的新的码本在性能上有了提高。
en-us	Simulations show that precodebooks obtained by our scheme outperform D. J. Love’s scheme.

zh-cn	并且本文新的码本还具有快速选码方案，在其性能损失较小的情况下，有效降低了选码复杂度。
en-us	Furthermore, our new codebooks have a fast encoding algorithm, which can effectively reduce the encoding complexity in the case of the performance lose is limited.

zh-cn	设计了一款低噪声、低功耗的电荷泵，适用于相变存储器驱动电路中的锁相环时钟。
en-us	A low phase noise, low power charge pump for the PLL clock of phase change memory drive circuit is presented.

zh-cn	与其它结构的电荷泵相比较，此款电路对时钟馈通与电荷注入等干扰免疫力强。
en-us	Comparing different structure circuit, the proposed charge pump has strong immunity to the clock feedback and charge injection.

zh-cn	根据相变存储器对驱动电路低噪声的性能要求，本电路具有低的热噪声和 1/f 噪声。
en-us	Based on the low noise requirement of phase change memory, the charge pump has low heat noise and 1/f noise.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明输出电压在 0℃~80℃温度范围内最大仅有 11mV 的偏差，其与 PFD 所产生的相位噪声在 1MHz 频率下为-102dB。
en-us	The maximum deviation of output voltage is only 11mV within temperature range from 0℃ to 80℃. The phase noise is -102dB@1MHz with PFD circuit.

zh-cn	电路采用 40nm CMOS 工艺设计，电源电压 2. 5V，功耗 0. 125mW，芯片面积60m×55m。
en-us	Fabricated in CMOS 40nm process, the device occupies the area of 60m×55m, and consumes 0. 125mW of power from a single 2. 5V supply.

zh-cn	在V-BLAST结构的分布式MIMO系统中，针对发射天线地域上的分布性所引起的发射符号异步到达接收天线的问题，提出了一种接近最优检测性能简化算法。
en-us	Aiming at the problem of the asynchronous arrival at receiving antennas, a simplified algorithm of the optimal detection is presented for distributed MIMO system with V-BLAST architecture.

zh-cn	该算法首先遍历部分码元符号，且每次遍历时都使用分布式排序干扰抵消算法检测剩余符号，然后对得到的符号候选集进行搜索，恢复发送信号。
en-us	The algorithm firstly traverses some symbols and every time using distributed antenna order interference cancellation (DA-OIC) algorithm detects the remaining symbols, then searching the generated symbols candidate and recovering the corresponding transmitted signals.

zh-cn	莱斯衰落信道下的计算机仿真表明，该算法对接收端天线数目没有要求，且在获取接近最优检测性能的同时，有效地降低了计算复杂度。
en-us	Some computer simulation results under Ricean fading conditions show that this algorithm can be used in the system with arbitrary receive antennas and can achieve near the optimal detection performance with low complexity.

zh-cn	低密度奇偶校验码（LDPC）通过迭代译码算法进行译码，例如置信传播算法（belief-propagation）便是其中一种译码方式。
en-us	Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes are usually decoded by running an iterative decoding algorithm, such as belief-propagation (BP), over the factor graph of the codes.

zh-cn	标准 BP 算法是并行译码，在更新所有校验节点及比特节点过程中，使用上一次迭代的更新信息。
en-us	The standard BP schedule is a parallelizable decoding, using the same pre-update information during updating all the check nodes and bit nodes.

zh-cn	为了提高一定迭代次数下的收敛速度，在研究不同算法的基础上，如 Layered BP 算法（LBP）和 Shuffled BP 算法（SBP），通过改变节点的更新顺序，提出了改进的 shuffled 迭代译码算法。
en-us	In order to improve the convergence speed in terms of number of iterations, this paper proposes a modified shuffled version of iterative decoding of low-density parity-check codes by changing the updating order at bit nodes based on the study of several sequential schedules, such as the Layered belief-propagation (LBP) and the Shuffled belief-propagation (SBP).

zh-cn	相对于普通的 SBP 算法，文章所提改进型 SBP 算法是传统置信传播收敛速度的两倍，并且在保持性能的同时降低复杂度。
en-us	Compared with the plain shuffled version, the proposed scheme has the same convergence rate which is twice as the conventional belief propagation, and can reduce complexity without any performance degradation.

zh-cn	最后给出了 CMMB 标准下 LDPC 码的仿真结果。
en-us	At last, the simulation result is shown with respect to the LDPC codes in CMMB standard.

zh-cn	本文通过调谐压控振荡器输出信号的占空比，直接产生了两相非重叠时钟信号。
en-us	A two-phase non-overlapping clock generator from duty cycle adjustable CMOS voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is proposed.

zh-cn	这一设计集振荡信号发生与非重叠时钟产生于一身，突破了传统标准电路的设计思路。
en-us	This circuit combines oscillator signal generation and non-overlapping clock which is different from conventional standard circuit.

zh-cn	本项工作获得了 20%~80%的信号占空比可调范围，同时还实现了两相信号之间不重叠时间间隔的可调谐。利用 SMIC 0. 18μm 1P6M CMOS 工艺，所需电源电压为 1. 8V，整个电路仅需 30 个晶体管。
en-us	Fabricated in SMIC 0. 18μm 1P6M CMOS process with 1. 8V supply voltage, a pair of two-phase non-overlapping clock signals may be obtained with tunable duty cycle range from 20% to 80%. The non-overlapping time between the two clock signals is adjustable. 30 transistors are used for the whole circuit.

zh-cn	为了解决传统宽带信号 DOA 估计在全频段作谱峰搜索所得空间谱分辨率较低和计算量非常大的问题，
en-us	For the DOA estimation of broadband signal, it is required to scan in full band, which degrades the resolution and increases computing load.

zh-cn	新算法采用 FFT 变换，仅仅通过采用选取的部分频带数据进行基于子空间的空间谱估计，
en-us	Then the proposed approach utilizes only a few sub-bands of the selected narrow band signals to finish the special spectrum estimation based on FFT transformation.

zh-cn	不仅可以提高宽带信号 DOA估计的分辨率，同时减少了运算量。
en-us	The new algorithm achieves higher resolution in DOA estimation and less computing load as well.

zh-cn	文章介绍了算法实现过程，并对算法计算量进行了定量分析，分辨率和误差性能则通过仿真进行比较分析。
en-us	The steps of proposed strategy are presented and the performance of the computing load is analyzed in detail. In addition, the resolution and estimation error are also introduced through simulations.

zh-cn	另外，算法以均匀圆阵为模型，相对于线阵结构，使所得结论更加具有实用性。
en-us	All the discussion employs the circle array, which is used more widely compared with linear array.

zh-cn	基于导航卫星的星-地双基地 SAＲ( GNSS-BSAＲ) 作为一种新型的地表观测手段，具有重访时间短、覆盖范围广、系统成本低等显著优势。
en-us	Space-Surface bistatic SAＲ based on global navigation satellite system ( GNSS-BSAＲ) , as a new type of surface observation method, has significant advantages such as short revisit time, wide coverage, and low system cost.

zh-cn	当地面接收机与目标场景距离较近时，由于 GNSS-BSAＲ 的分辨率较低，导致目标场景的成像结果与其在同一等距离线上的镜像混叠在一起，无法进行图像解译和形变反演处理。
en-us	When the ground receiver is close to the target scene, due to the low resolution of GNSS-BSAＲ, the imaging result of the target scene is mixed with the mirror image on the same equidistance line, and image interpretation and deformation inversion cannot be performed. Performing processing.

zh-cn	针对以上问题，本文提出了一种基于分辨率设计和等距离多普勒特性分析的导航卫星双基地 SAＲ 几何优选方法。
en-us	In view of the above problems, this paper proposes a geometric optimization method for navigation satellite bistatic SAＲ based on resolution design and equidistant Doppler characteristic analysis.

zh-cn	该方法在选定实验场景的基础上，进行 GNSS-BSAＲ 分辨性能与等距离-多普勒特性的多目标联合优化，选定能够避免镜像模糊现象的导航卫星辐射源，实现 GNSS-BSAＲ 几何构型优选。
en-us	This method performs multi-objective joint optimization of GNSS-BSAＲ resolution performance and equidistance-Doppler characteristics, on the basis of selected experimental scenes, selects a navigation satellite radiation source that can avoid the phenomenon of mirror image blur, and realizes the optimization of GNSS-BSAＲ geometric configuration.

zh-cn	基于以上方法，在重庆边坡地区设计 GNSS- BSAＲ 实验，成功获取了无镜像模糊的实测边坡成像结果，验证了几何优选方法的有效性。
en-us	Based on the above methods, a GNSS-BSAＲ experiment was designed in the Chongqing slope area, and the measured slope imaging results without mirror blur were successfully obtained, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed geometry optimization method.

zh-cn	流量加密技术给流量分类带来了新的挑战，为实现加密流量的快速准确分类，提出了一种基于卷积注意力门控循环网络的加密流量分类方法。
en-us	The emergence of traffic encryption technology brought new challenges to traffic classification. In order to classi- fy the encrypted traffic quickly and accurately, an encrypted traffic classification method based on convolutional attention gated recurrent network was proposed.

zh-cn	将卷积神经网络和门控循环单元相结合，针对流量数据的特点，修改卷积神经网络的池化层以提取单个数据包特征，通过注意力机制寻找单个数据包的关键特征并赋予高权重;
en-us	This model combines a convolutional neural network and a gated recurrent unit. Ac- cording to the characteristics of the traffic data, the pooling layer of convolutional neural network was modified to extract the characteristics of single data packet. The key features of a single packet were found by attention mechanism and given high weight.

zh-cn	然后采用门控循环单元提取流层面数据包间的时间序列特征，从包层面和流层面全面反映流量的整体和局部特征。
en-us	Then, the time series characteristics between packets at the flow level were extracted by gated recurrent unit, which reflected the overall and local features of traffic from packet level and flow level.

zh-cn	实验证明该方法相对于现有方法，提高了分类准确率、实时性和训练效率。
en-us	Experimental results show that this method improves the classification accuracy, real-time performance and training efficiency compared with the traditional methods.

zh-cn	为了提高人脸特征提取网络的性能，进而提高人脸识别算法的准确率，本文对基于卷积神经网络的人脸特征提取网络进行研究，提出了 SFＲNet ( Sparse Feature Ｒeuse Network) 。
en-us	In order to improve the performance of the face feature extraction network and then the accuracy of the face rec- ognition algorithm, this paper studies the network of the face feature extractor based on the convolutional neural network and proposes SFＲNet ( Sparse Feature Ｒeuse Network) .

zh-cn	首先，基于稀疏特征重用、混合特征融合、中心-高斯池化三个创新点，给出了 SFＲNet 的网络结构。
en-us	First, based on the three innovations of sparse feature reuse, hybrid feature fusion, and Center-Gaussian pooling, the network structure of SFＲNet is given.

zh-cn	然后，在图像分类数据集 ImageNet 和人脸识别数据集 LFW ( Labeled Faces in the Wild) 、MegaFace 上进行实验，分别验证了 SFＲNet 在一般场景和人脸识别这一特定场景下的特征提取能力。
en-us	Then, experiments were performed on the image classification dataset ImageNet, the face recognition dataset LFW ( Labeled Faces in the Wild) , and MegaFace, respectively, to verify the feature extraction capabilities of SFＲNet in the general scene and the specific scene of face recognition.

zh-cn	实验表明本文所设计的 SFＲNet 不仅计算量和参数量小，还能有效提取到人脸特征并且在一般场景中也有较强的泛化能力。
en-us	Experiments show that the SFＲNet designed in this article not only has a small amount of calculation and parameters, but also can effectively extract facial features and has strong generalization ability in general scenes.

zh-cn	相推测速技术可以实现相位量级的测量精度，在微动测量和目标识别领域有着极大的应用前景。
en-us	Phase-derived velocity measurement ( PDVM) can achieve phase level measurement accuracy, thus has a great application prospect in the field of micromotion feature extraction and target recognition.

zh-cn	该方法对信噪比要求较高，且存在准确提取相位和解相位模糊两大难点。
en-us	The PDVM method requires high signal-to-noise ratio ( SNＲ) , and the keys of PDVM method are accurate phase extraction and resolving phase ambiguity.

zh-cn	本文提出了针对低信噪比条件下的相推测速实现方法。
en-us	In this paper, a PDVM method based on range profiles cross correlation ( ＲPCC) under low SNＲ condition is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，建立了宽带线性调频信号去斜处理的回波模型;
en-us	Firstly, a wideband linear frequency modulation ( LFM) signal echo model of dechirp processing is established.

zh-cn	然后推导了相邻帧距离像互相关结果，并分析了距离像互相关输出的峰值点相位;
en-us	Then, the ＲPCC results of adjacent frames are derived, and the peak position phases of the ＲPCC results are analyzed.

zh-cn	进而为了提高相推测速在低信噪比条件下的适用性，提出了对距离像互相关结果沿慢时间维进行积累的方法，
en-us	After that, in order to improve the applicability of PDVM under low SNＲ conditions, a method is proposed to accumulate the ＲPCC re- sults along the slow time dimension.

zh-cn	该方法可以重新提取峰值点相位，以及获得目标速度的粗估计值进而辅助后续的解相位模糊。
en-us	This method can re-extract the peak position phases and obtain the coarse estimate of target velocity, which enables to assist in the subsequent phase ambiguity resolving processing.

zh-cn	此外，为抑制噪声对相位提取精度的影响，本文提出根据相位的频谱特性设计滤波器的方法，进一步提高相推测速的精度。
en-us	In addition, in order to sup- press the influence of noise on the extracted phase, a filter design method based on the phase spectral characteristics is pro- posed, so as to further improve the accuracy of PDVM.

zh-cn	最后通过仿真和实测数据验证了所提方法的正确性及其在低信噪比条件下的适用性。
en-us	Finally, the validity of the proposed method and its applicability under low SNＲ are verified by simulation and experiment.

zh-cn	高速机动目标会在短时间内跨越距离单元( Ｒange Migration，ＲM) ，并且由于目标机动性产生跨多普勒单元( Doppler Spread，DS) 等问题。
en-us	The high-speed maneuvering target would cross the Doppler unit and the Ｒange unit in a short time.

zh-cn	基于搜索的传统处理算法通过时间和计算量换取积累性能，不利于工程应用。
en-us	The traditional multi-dimensional search-based coherent integration method was not conducive to engineering realization.

zh-cn	本文提出一种通过分段处理方式对回波进行相参积累的算法。
en-us	This paper presented a coherent integration algorithm for high-speed maneuvering targets based on segmented processing.

zh-cn	该算法在保证子片段内回波 ＲM 和 DS 问题可以忽略的前提下，将积累时间划分为若干个子片段。在该分段准则下通过 Ｒadon-Fourier Transform( ＲFT) 对子片段进行处理。
en-us	In this algorithm, the Range Migration and Doppler Spread caused by the target acceleration could be ignored in sub-segment, and then the coherent integration of the echo signals in each sub-segment completed by Radon-Fourier Transform ( ＲFT) .

zh-cn	随后，根据各子片段 ＲFT 积累峰值位置分布特性和相位差异，设计一种子片段间的相参积累方案，实现多个子片段间峰值能量的相参积累。
en-us	Then, according to the peak accumulation characteristics and phase characteristics of each sub-segment ＲFT, a coherent integration algorithm was designed among sub-segments to realize the accumulation of peak energy among multiple sub-seg- ments.

zh-cn	所提算法在子片段内可以忽略目标机动性的影响，避免了子片段内目标机动参数( 加速度项) 的搜索，可在积累性能和计算效率之间取得良好平衡。
en-us	The proposed algorithm can ignore the influence of target maneuverability in the sub-segments, avoid the search of target maneuvering parameters ( acceleration) in the subsegments, and achieve a good balance between accumulation per- formance and computational efficiency.

zh-cn	为了解决超密集网络中用户在移动过程中由于小区间干扰和负载不均衡导致的用户服务质量下降的问题，本文研究了一种面向负载均衡的主动切换策略，
en-us	To mitigate the influence of inter-cell interference and load imbalance on the quality of service ( QoS) during the movement of users in ultra-dense network, this paper investigate a proactive handover strategy for load balancing.

zh-cn	设计了一种基于双门限的移动切换策略，包含小区内的切换与小区间的切换。
en-us	We design a mobile handover strategy based on dual thresholds, including an intra-cell handover that dividing cell center users and cell edge users and an inter-cell handover.

zh-cn	通过优化小区内的切换门限，可以最小化系统总资源开销。
en-us	The optimized intra-cell handover threshold can minimize the total system re- source consumption for the given real-time traffic requrements.

zh-cn	通过优化小区间的切换门限，能够保证用户实时业务需求的同时均衡网络负载。
en-us	The designed inter-cell handover threshold can improve the QoS of mobile users and balance the network load.

zh-cn	通过预测用户未来大尺度信道信息，设计主动的双门限切换策略，可以有效降低切换延迟。
en-us	By predicting the large-scale channel information of users in the future, designing an active dual-threshold handover strategy can effectively reduce the handover delay.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，与现有的切换策略相比，所提算法不仅提高了资源利用率，还降低了用户掉线概率与切换次数。
en-us	The simulation results show that compared with existing handover methods, the proposed proactive handover strategy can effectively reduce the outage probability, reduce the number of user handovers, improve user experience, and reduce system resource consumption.

zh-cn	针对目前瓦斯浓度预测与瓦斯安全状态分类方法中主观性较强、超参数难以选取、解释性差、无法有效地利用样本之间时序信息等问题，本文提出了基于高斯过程混合模型的瓦斯浓度预测与安全状态分类方法。
en-us	In order to solve the problems of subjectivity, difficulty in selecting hyper-parameters, poor interpretability, and ineffective use of temporal information among samples on the existing methods of gas concentration prediction and gas safety state classification, this paper proposes a novel gas concentration prediction and safety state classification method based on the mixture of Gaussian processes.

zh-cn	高斯过程是机器学习领域中解决非线性回归问题的典型方法，能够有效地利用数据之间的相关性，常用于时间序列的建模与预测。
en-us	In fact, the Gaussian process model is a classic method to solve nonlinear regression problems in machine learning. It can effectively get the correlations between temporal data and thus is often used in time se- ries modeling and prediction.

zh-cn	然而，单个高斯过程存在着一定的局限性，难以对非平稳、多模态的数据进行有效地建模和回归分析。
en-us	However, a single Gaussian process has certain limitations, and cannot model the data gener- ated from a non-stationary source.

zh-cn	在高斯过程的基础上引入其混合模型，则可增强模型的表达能力，能够对有复杂结构的数据进行建模。
en-us	The Mixture of Gaussian processes ( MGP) can enhance the model capacity, and fit the data with a complex structure.

zh-cn	我们将瓦斯安全状态根据风险由高至低分成红橙黄蓝四个等级，在每个风险等级上瓦斯浓度数据采用单个高斯过程进行建模。
en-us	We try to divide the gas safety status into four levels according to the risk from high to low, namely, red, orange, yellow, and blue. Since the gas concentration data in each risk level are generated by their specific time sequence characteristics, they can be modeled by a single Gaussian process.

zh-cn	由于一般瓦斯浓度数据包含着各个风险等级的数据，高斯过程混合模型则可用于对整体数据进行建模和回归分析。
en-us	Because the general gas concentration data come from four risk levels, the MGP can be used to model the whole data.

zh-cn	根据对数据的参数学习结果，高斯过程混合模型便可自适应地得到每个时刻对应的风险等级，并在预测瓦斯浓度时对各个高斯过程分量的预测进行加权，得到更为鲁棒的预测结果。
en-us	According to the MGP with the learned parameters, the risk level at each time can be adaptively computed. As for the gas concentration prediction, we can weight the prediction results of four Gaussian processes together to get a more robust prediction.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，基于高斯过程混合模型的方法可有效地预测瓦斯浓度、评估安全状态。
en-us	The experimental results demonstrate that the MGP based method can effectively predict the gas concentration and evaluate the safety state.

zh-cn	针对水声通信系统中低密度校验( Low Density Parity Check，LDPC) 码存在的译码复杂度高和译码错误平层问题，设计了基于极化码编码的水声通信系统，并针对水声信道的极化问题提出了新的基对称扩展极化权重( Polarization Weight，PW) 信道极化法。
en-us	Aiming at the problem of high decoding complexity and error floor of LDPC code in underwater acoustic communication system, a polar coded underwater communication system is designed, and a base symmetric spread channel polarization algorithm is proposed for underwater multipath channel polarization.

zh-cn	该算法通过 PW 高阶基计算各个子信道的极化权重，实现了独立于信道状态的信道极化，解决了传统 Polar 码编码稳健性差和依赖信道状态的问题。
en-us	By introducing high order base of PW, modified PW solved the problems of poor robustness and channel state dependence of polar code.

zh-cn	理论研究和仿真结果表明，与传统信道极化方法相比，改进的 PW 方法具有更稳定的信道极化结果。
en-us	Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the modified PW method has stronger robustness in channel polarization than traditional polarization meth- od.

zh-cn	将该方法应用于正交频分复用( Orthogonal Fre- quency Division Multiplexing，OFDM) 水声通信系统，与现有的 LDPC 编码方法相比，基于改进的 PW 极化码具有更低的通信误码率和译码复杂度，且不存在译码错误平层。
en-us	The proposed method is applied to OFDM underwater acoustic communication system, the designed Polar-OFDM system improves the performance in terms of the bit error rate ( BEＲ) and decoding complexity sufficiently in comparison with LD- PC, and without error floor.

zh-cn	随着深度学习技术的迅猛发展，各种相似的骨干网络被用于多源遥感分类任务中，取得了很高的识别正确率。
en-us	With the rapid development of deep learning, the same set of backbone network architectures have often been adopted for multi-source remote sensing image classification and achieved impressive results.

zh-cn	然而，由于神经网络极易受到对抗样本的攻击，这给遥感任务带来了很高的安全隐患。
en-us	However, this raises severe security issues for remote sensing task as these models are known to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks.

zh-cn	以往的对抗攻击方法可有效攻击单波段遥感图像的分类器，但不同波段的攻击并不耦合，这导致现有方法在现实世界中难以用于多源分类器的攻击。
en-us	Conventional adversarial attack methods are able to fool single-band images classifier, but the adversarial perturbations of different band are not coupling, that results in its unavailability in multi-source remote sensing images attack.

zh-cn	针对多源遥感的特性，本文提出了一种新的基于稀疏差分协同进化的对抗攻击方法:
en-us	In this paper, we propose an adversarial attack method with consistent perturbation pattern across multi-source images, using sparse differential coevo- lution:

zh-cn	投放一定数量包含稀疏多源噪声信息的种子，通过限定噪声点在多源遥感中具有相同位置，实现多源对抗攻击的耦合，按种子信息制作对抗样本，
en-us	firstly, generate some random vectors that contains the information of multi-source adversarial perturbations and gen- erate the adversarial examples according to the vectors.

zh-cn	利用上一代的种子( 父代) 进行变异与交叉，产生新的种子( 子代) ，同样制作对抗样本，
en-us	Then generates new parameter vectors by crossover operator and mutation operator and generate the adversarial examples, too.

zh-cn	综合比较多源对抗样本的攻击效果，保留效果更好的种子，重复此过程，最终可得到高度耦合且攻击效果最好的多源遥感对抗样本。
en-us	Finally, evaluate the adversarial examples and choose the better vectors to survive. Repeat this progress and we can get the best multi-source adversarial examples.

zh-cn	实验证明了本文方法的可行性:
en-us	Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of our strategy.

zh-cn	在单点攻击下，61. 38% 的光学图像 和38. 93% 的合成孔径图像被成功转化为对抗样本，光学和合成孔径分类器中都无法正确识别的区域从 5. 83% 升 至 55. 10% 。
en-us	Under one-pixel attack of our method, 61. 38% of optical images and 38. 93% of SAＲ images can be crafted to adversarial images.

zh-cn	随着多模态数据的爆发式增长，跨模态检索作为一种搜索多模态数据的最常用方法，受到越来越多的关注。
en-us	With the explosive growth of multi-modal data, cross-modal retrieval, as the most commonly-used method to search multi-modal data, has received extensive attention.

zh-cn	然而，目前存在的大多数深度学习的方法仅仅采用模型后端最后一个全连接层输出作为模态独有的高层语义表征，忽视了多个层次上不同尺度特征之间的语义相关性，具有一定的局限性。
en-us	However, most of the current deep learning methods only use the output of the final fully connected layer as the modal-special high-level semantic representation, ignoring the semantic correlation between features with different scales extracted from multiple levels, thus have certain limitations.

zh-cn	为此，本文提出一种基于特征金字塔融合表征网络的跨模态哈希检索方法。
en-us	In this paper, we proposed a cross-modal hash retrieval method based on feature pyramid fusion representation network.

zh-cn	该方法设计了一种特征金字塔融合表征网络，
en-us	This method designed a feature pyramid fusion representation network.

zh-cn	通过在多个层次和不同尺度上进行特征提取并融合，挖掘多个层次上不同尺度下模态特征的语义相关性，充分利用模态特有的特征，使网络输出的语义表征更具有代表性。
en-us	Through feature extraction and fusion at multiple levels and different scales, the semantic correlation of modal features with different scales at multiple levels is mined, and the modal-special features are fully utilized to make the semantic representation of the network output more representative.

zh-cn	最后设计了三重损失函数:模态间损失，模态内损失和汉明空间损失对模型进行训练学习。
en-us	Finally, a triple loss function is designed to train the model, including the inter-modal loss, the intra-modal loss, and hamming space loss.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，本文所提方法在 MIＲFLICKＲ-25K 和 NUS-WIDE 数据集上均获得了良好的跨模态检索效果。
en-us	The experimental results on both MIＲFLICKＲ-25K and NUS-WIDE datasets show that the proposed method in this paper has obtained good cross-modal retrieval results.

zh-cn	永久散射体法( Permanent Scatterer，PS) 是地基合成孔径雷达( Ground-Based Synthetic Aperture Ｒadar，GB- SAＲ) 形变监测的技术支撑，
en-us	The selection of Permanent Scatterer ( PS) points is the key technology of Ground Based Synthetic Aperture Ｒa- dar ( GBSAＲ) deformation inversion.

zh-cn	但使用传统多阈值法选取 PS 点时，会存在各个区域对阈值敏感性不同的问题。
en-us	However, when using the traditional threshold method to select PS points, there is a problem that each region has different sensitivity to the threshold.

zh-cn	为解决选取 PS 点时漏选或错选的问题，本文提出一种注意力网络模型对 GBSAＲ 时序数据进行 PS 点筛选，并将该模型与循环神经网络( Ｒecurrent Neural Network，ＲNN) 和长短期记忆网络( Long Short-Term Memory，LSTM) 进行对比实验，监测三个不同场景来比较选取 PS 点的结果。
en-us	To solve the problem of missing or wrong selection when selecting PS points, this paper proposes a model based on attention network to process radar sequence data for PS point se- lection, compared with the recurrent neural network ( ＲNN) and long short term memory ( LSTM) by screening PS point of three regions.

zh-cn	实验结果表明:基于注意力网络的模型实时性比 ＲNN 模型更好，准确度比 LSTM 模型更高。
en-us	The experimental results show that the real-time performance of the attention network based model is better than that of the ＲNN model, and its accuracy is higher than that of the LSTM model.

zh-cn	因此基于注意力网络的模型在 PS 点选取上更具优势。
en-us	Therefore, the model based on atten- tion network has more advantages in PS point selection.

zh-cn	针对复杂电磁环境中信号功率对入射信号波达方向( DOA) 估计的影响问题进行研究，发现用于 DOA 估计算法性能分析的经典评价准则对不同功率入射信号存在局限性。
en-us	In this paper, the effect of signal power on the DOA estimation of incident signals in complex electromagnetic environment is investigated. It is found that the classic evaluation criterion for performance analysis of DOA estimation algo- rithms has limitations on incident signals with different power.

zh-cn	针对该问题，首先证明了强信号功率会影响弱信号 DOA 估计性能，得到强信号功率增加会导致弱信号功率克拉美罗界上升，即弱信号 DOA 估计的均方根误差增加。
en-us	Thus, this paper first demonstrates that the power of strong signal has influence on the DOA estimation performance of weak signal. The increasing of strong signal power will lead to the rising of Cramer-Ｒao Lower Bound of weak signal, that is, the increasing of the root mean square error.

zh-cn	然后分析了 DOA 估计算法的经典评价准则对分辨不同功率入射信号存在的局限性，通过蒙特卡洛实验验证了经典评价准则对分辨不同功率入射信号存在较大误判率，
en-us	Then this paper analyzes the limitations of the classic evaluation criterion for DOA estimation algorithms in resolving incident signals with different power. Further Monte Carlo experiment results prove that the classic evaluation criterion has a large misjudgment rate for resolving incident signals with different power.

zh-cn	当弱信号信噪比低于 5 dB 时，其误判率大于 50% 。
en-us	When the signal to noise ratio ( SNＲ) of the weak signal is below 5 dB, the misjudgment rate of the classic evaluation criterion is higher than 50% .

zh-cn	最后本文提出了 DOA 估计算法新的评价准则，
en-us	Finally, this paper proposes a new evalua- tion criterion for DOA estimation algorithm in resolving incident signals with different power.

zh-cn	并仿真证明了新准则较经典准则更适用于分辨弱信号信噪比较低时的不同功率入射信号。
en-us	The simulation results indicate that the proposed criterion has better resolution than the classical criterion in dealing with incident signals with different power when the SNＲ of the weak signal is low.

zh-cn	所提出的评价准则可为基于空间谱估计的 DOA 估计算法性能分析提供参考依据。
en-us	The evaluation criteria proposed in this paper can provide a reference for the performance analysis of DOA estimation algorithm based on spatial spectrum.

zh-cn	针对集中式相参 MIMO 雷达的抗干扰能力进行了研究。
en-us	The anti-active jamming performance of centralized coherent MIMO radar is studied.

zh-cn	分析了 MIMO 雷达的抗侦察截获、抗信号分选以及抗副瓣干扰能力，同时对比了传统相控阵雷达的抗干扰能力。
en-us	The MIMO radar signal interception range, the effect of received signal sorting capability of jammer and the anti-active sidelobe jamming capability is considered.

zh-cn	基于雷达截获方程，对比了 MIMO 雷达与传统相控阵雷达主瓣/副瓣的抗侦察截获能力。
en-us	Based on the radar interception function, the interception range of MIMO radar and the mainlobe and sidelobe of phased array radar is compared.

zh-cn	分析了 MIMO 雷达发射正交波形合成信号的时空伪随机特性。
en-us	The space-time pseudorandom characteristics of synthesized signal which is combed by MIMO radar transmitted multiple orthogonal signals is discussed.

zh-cn	对比了不同阵列构型的 MIMO 雷达对抗不同类型副瓣干扰的能力。
en-us	The capability of suppression different type sidelobe jamming of different ar- ray structures of MIMO radar is analyzed.

zh-cn	利用理论公式推导和仿真试验，验证了上述结论的正确性。
en-us	Theoretical formula derivation and simulation result is given to prove the analysis.

zh-cn	为了提高多小区毫米波系统中无人机基站覆盖区域内用户的通信质量，本文提出了一种无人机基站的飞行姿态优化方案。
en-us	In order to improve the communication quality of users in the coverage area of unmanned aerial vehicles ( UAV) base station in multi-cell millimeter wave system, a flight attitude optimization scheme of UAV base station is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	该方案首先在无人机基站天线数量趋于无穷大的情况下对吞吐量进行优化，得到最大吞吐量的渐近表达式，
en-us	In this scheme, the throughput is optimized when the number of UAV base station antennas tends to infinity, and the asymptotic expression of the maximum throughput is obtained,

zh-cn	然后将吞吐量优化问题进一步细化为天线倾斜角优化问题，
en-us	and then the throughput optimization problem is further refined into the antenna tilt angle optimization problem.

zh-cn	最后通过穷举搜索算法来获得使吞吐量最大的天线阵列倾斜角，进一步通过调整天线倾斜角以优化无人机飞行姿态。
en-us	Finally, the antenna array tilt angle to maximize the throughput is obtained by exhaustive search algorithm, and the UAV flight attitude is optimized by adjusting the antenna tilt angle.

zh-cn	仿真研究了 UAV 基站天线数量、信噪比及地面用户数量对吞吐量的影响，并比较了不同优化方案可获取的系统吞吐量。
en-us	Through simulation, we study the effects of the number of UAV base station antennas, signal-to-noise ratio and the number of ground users on the throughput. We also compare the throughput of the system by different optimization schemes.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提出的优化方案能够有效提高系统性能，对于多小区无人机毫米波通信系统的性能优化具有理论指导意义。
en-us	Numerical simulation results show that the proposed optimization scheme can effectively improve the system performance and has theoretical significance for the performance optimization of multi-cell UAV millimeter wave communication system.

zh-cn	基于稀疏恢复技术的空时自适应处理( Sparse Ｒecovery Space-Time Adaptive Processing，SＲ-STAP) 方法提升了动目标检测性能。
en-us	Space-time adaptive processing method based on sparse recovery ( SＲ-STAP) improves the performance of mov- ing target detection.

zh-cn	然而，当出现离网效应时，SＲ-STAP 算法的杂波抑制性能下降。
en-us	However, when the off-grid effect occurs, the performance of SＲ-STAP algorithm was degraded.

zh-cn	为了解决离网效应问题，本文提出了一种离网误差迭代自校正 STAP 算法。
en-us	Hence, an off-grid error iterative self-calibrated STAP algorithm was proposed to solve this problem.

zh-cn	该算法首先从常规 STAP 字典中选取了功率谱值较高的网格点来构建全局字典。
en-us	Firstly, the grid points with high power spectrum value were selected from the general STAP dictionary to construct the global dictionary.

zh-cn	然后，从全局字典中找到与杂波点匹配度较高的原子为中心，构建局部 STAP 字 典，
en-us	Secondly, the atoms with high matching degree with clutter points were found from the global dictionary as the center, and the local dictionary was constructed.

zh-cn	并利用贝叶斯后验概率最大思想进行局部搜索，找到与杂波点匹配度最高的网格点。
en-us	In addition, the local search was carried out by considering the posterior Bayesian, and the clutter point with highest matching degree was founded.

zh-cn	最后，得到了经过修正后的 STAP 字典和最优 STAP 滤波权，优化了离网情况下 STAP 算法性能。
en-us	Finally, the calibrated dictionary and the optimal STAP filter weight were obtained, which optimizes the performance of STAP algorithm in off-grid situation.

zh-cn	通过仿真验证了所提算法消除离网误差的有效性。
en-us	The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm was verified by simulations.

zh-cn	地基合成孔径雷达( Ground Based Synthetic Aperture Ｒadar，GBSAＲ) 是目前露天矿山工作帮及排土场进行亚毫米级形变监测的主要技术手段之一，但监测过程中出现的多径效应造成的差分相位变化会被错误识别为形变。
en-us	Ground based synthetic aperture radar ( GBSAＲ) is one of the main techniques for sub millimeter deformation monitoring of working slope and dump in open pit mine. However, the differential phase change caused by multipath effect in the monitoring process will be mistakenly identified as deformation.

zh-cn	针对识别形变精度低的问题，本文开展了差分干涉相位时序特征表达方法的研究，并以此为基础提出了一种基于注意力网络模型的地基 SAＲ 时序差分相位分类方法，以形变变化趋势与区域范围作为依据来区分突变区域和缓变区域，通过模型预测出真实形变分布。
en-us	Aiming at the problem of low accuracy of deformation recognition, this paper studies the expression method of differential interferometric phase sequence features, and proposes a time-series differential phase classification method for ground-based SAＲ Based on attention network model. Based on the deformation trend and regional range, the abrupt change region and the gradual change region are distinguished, and the re- al deformation distribution is predicted by the model.

zh-cn	经过实验结果证明，注意力网络模型可以较为准确的提取出形变分布，有效减少多径效应造成的误差干扰。
en-us	The experimental results show that the attention network model can accurately extract the deformation distribution, and effectively reduce the error interference caused by multipath effect.

zh-cn	为了准确反映复杂环境下移动通信节点间的无线信道传播特性，本文研究了具有受限多普勒功率谱的信道仿真模型，
en-us	In order to describe the wireless channel propagation characteristics in complicated radio environment, this paper proposes a novel channel model with restricted Doppler power spectrum.

zh-cn	讨论了三种建模方法:单路滤波法、双路滤波法、改进拼接法的原理和仿真实现方法，
en-us	The principles and implementation methods of three modeling methods are discussed in details, including single-path filtering method, dual-path filtering method, and improved splicing method.

zh-cn	对比了典型模型生成信道随机过程的自相关函数、多普勒谱的算法复杂度和内存占用度。
en-us	The comparison analysis of autocorrelation function, Doppler spectrum, algorithm complexity and memory occupation of of the three typical models that generate the channel stochastic process are also presented.

zh-cn	研究和仿真结果表明: 在信道具有受限多普勒功率谱时，改进拼接法的自相关函数的均方根误差明显好于另外两种方法，
en-us	The results show that the root mean square error of the autocorrelation function of the improved splicing method is significantly lower than the other two methods when considering a restricted Doppler power spectrum.

zh-cn	同时还能避免设计数字滤波器和希尔伯特变换器，但是改进拼接法的算法复杂度远远大于其他两种模型，复杂度最小的是单路滤波法，所以在实际仿真中需要看情况取舍。
en-us	Meanwhile, the digital filters and Hilbert converters can be left out. The single-path filtering method leads to the lowest complexity cost.

zh-cn	论文所做比较有利于受限多普勒谱建模工作的模型选取，并为更加复杂的多普勒功率谱建模提供参考。
en-us	The contributions in the paper can help to select the constrained Doppler spectrum model and provide a reference for more complicated Doppler power spectrum modeling.

zh-cn	针对骨架行为识别对时空特征提取不充分以及难以捕捉全局上下文信息的问题，研究了一种将时空注意力机制和自适应图卷积网络相结合的人体骨架行为识别方案。
en-us	To solve the problem that skeleton behavior recognition can not extract spatio-temporal features sufficiently and it is difficult to capture global context information, a human skeleton behavior recognition scheme based on spatio-temporal attention mechanism and adaptive graph convolution network is studied.

zh-cn	首先，构建基于非局部操作的时空注意力模块，辅助模型关注骨架序列中最具判别性的帧和区域;
en-us	Firstly, a spatio-temporal attention module based on non-local operation is constructed to assist the model to focus on the most discriminative frames and regions in the skele- ton sequence;

zh-cn	其次，利用高斯嵌入函数和轻量级卷积神经网络的特征学习能力，并考虑人体先验知识在不同时期的影响，构建自适应图卷积网络;
en-us	secondly, an adaptive graph convolution network is constructed by using the feature learning ability of Gaussian embedding function and lightweight convolution neural network, and considering the effect of human prior knowledge in different time periods;

zh-cn	最后，将自适应图卷积网络作为基本框架，并嵌入时空注意力模块，与关节信息、骨骼信息以及各自的运动信息构建双流融合模型。
en-us	finally, the adaptive graph convolution network is used as the basic framework, the spatiotemporal attention module is embedded to construct two-stream fusion model with joint information, bone information and their respective motion information.

zh-cn	该算法在 NTU ＲGB+D 数据集的两种评价标准下分别达到了 90. 2% 和 96. 2% 的准确率，
en-us	The accuracy of the algorithm is 90. 2% and 96. 2% respectively under the two evaluation standards of NTU ＲGB+D dataset.

zh-cn	在大规模的数据集 Kinetics 上体现出模型的通用性，验证了该算法在提取时空特征和捕捉全局上下文信息上的优越性。
en-us	The universality of the model is reflected in the large-scale dataset Kinetics, which verifies that the algorithm is proved to be superior in extracting spatio-temporal features and capturing global context information.

zh-cn	基于稀疏恢复的空时自适应算法( Sparse Ｒecovery Space Time Adaptive Processing，SＲ-STAP) 能有效改善机载雷达在复杂环境下对杂波的抑制能力，
en-us	The Sparse Ｒecovery Space Time Adaptive Processing ( SＲ-STAP) algorithm can effectively improve the cluttersuppression performance of airborne radar in complex environment.

zh-cn	通常是将空时平面均匀离散为若干个网格来构造字典。
en-us	Usually, the space-time plane is uniformly dispersed in to several grids to construct the dictionary.

zh-cn	然而，真实的杂波点往往不能落在预先离散的网格点上，此时会出现离网效应，导致 SＲ-STAP 的性能降低。
en-us	However, the real clutter points often cannot fall on the pre-discrete grid pointscalled off-grid, leading to the performance degradation of SＲ-STAP.

zh-cn	本文针对此问题，提出了一种基于知识辅助的字典校正方法。
en-us	To solve this problem, this paper proposes a knowl edge-aided dictionary correction method.

zh-cn	首先利用载机平台参数等先验知识均匀离散空间频率，
en-us	Firstly, a priori knowledge such as the parameters of the carrier platform is usedto uniformly discretize the spatial frequencies.

zh-cn	然后计算和修正多普勒频率，并根据先验知识修正空间频率，
en-us	Then, the Doppler frequencies are calculated and corrected, and the spatialfrequencies are corrected according to the prior knowledge.

zh-cn	最后利用修正后的空间频率和多普勒频率对应的空时导向矢量来构造超完备稀疏字典。
en-us	Finally, the space-time steering vectors corresponding to the revised spatial frequencies and Doppler frequencies are used to construct an overcomplete sparse dictionary.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，与传统字典构造算法相比，该字典校正方法有效克服了离网效应，改善了 STAP 的性能。
en-us	The simulation results show that, compared with the traditional dictionary construction algorithm, the proposed knowledge-aided dictionary correction method can effectively overcome the off-grid effect and improve the performance of STAP.

zh-cn	在传统的协作非正交多址( CNOMA，Cooperative Non-orthogonal Multiple Access) 系统中，通常需要向弱用户分配更多的功率，分配给强用户的功率不超过总功率的一半。
en-us	In conventional cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access ( CNOMA) system, more power is allocated to weak users, and the power allocated to strong users is less than half of the total power.

zh-cn	同时，强用户还需在协作阶段承担中继通信的任务。
en-us	Meanwhile, strong users need to act as re- lays in cooperative communication.

zh-cn	上述功率分配方式必将给强用户带来一定的负担。
en-us	Above power allocation strategy will bring some burden to strong users.

zh-cn	为在满足弱用户服务质量的情况下，进一步提高强用户的中断性能，本文提出一种基于中继和无线携能通信的新型功率分配方案。
en-us	In order to balance the performance of strong and weak users in CNOMA system, a new power allocation strategy based on relay communication and simultaneous wireless information and power transfer ( SWIPT) is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	该方案使用能量收集设备收集能量，
en-us	Energy harvesting equipment is used to collect energy.

zh-cn	通过最大化系统和速率寻求无线携能通信的最优功率分割因子，从而获得系统中断概率的闭式表达。
en-us	The optimal power splitting factor of SWIPT and the closed expression of the system out- age probability are derived through maximizing the sum rate.

zh-cn	考虑到优化问题的性质，本文提出了一种在功率分配固定的情况下，通过单调优化求解无线携能通信功率分割因子的算法。
en-us	Considering the nature of the optimization problem, a mono- tonic optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the power splitting factor of SWIPT under the condition of the fixed power allocation.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，与 CNOMA 系统的传统功率分配方案相比，本文所提方案能够在不损失弱用户中断性能的前提下，有效提升强用户的中断概率，系统和速率总体提高了近 20% 。
en-us	Simulation results show that without losing the performance of weak users, the outage probability of strong users is improved compared with conventional power allocation strategy, and the overall sum-rate increases by nearly 20% compared with conventional power allocation strategy in CNOMA system.

zh-cn	针对机动作战平台的天线共享需求，本文提出了一种面向雷达-通信一体化的平面阵天线孔径分配方法。
en-us	Aiming at the antenna sharing requirement of mobile combat platform, this paper proposes a planar array antennaaperture allocation method for radar-communication integration.

zh-cn	首先在平面阵列的基础上建立了共享孔径的模型;
en-us	Firstly, the shared aperture model is established on the basis of planar array;

zh-cn	其次，将阵元位置的分配转化为多目标优化问题，选择雷达阵列方向图的最高峰值旁瓣电平和通信阵元的信道容量作为优化目标;
en-us	secondly, the allocation of array element position is transformed into a multi-object optimization problem, and the maximum peak side-lobe level of radar array pattern and channel capacity of communication array element are selected as optimization object;

zh-cn	最后，用改进的遗传算法进行优化计算，并完成了相关的仿真实验。
en-us	finally, the improved genetic algorithm is used for optimization calculation, and the related simulations are completed.

zh-cn	仿真结果证明，雷达最高峰值旁瓣电平和通信信道容量能同时达到工作指标要求，实现了天线孔径的共享。
en-us	The simulation results show that the maximum peak side-lobe level of radar and the capacity ofcommunication channel can meet the working requirements at the same time, and the antenna aperture can be shared.

zh-cn	基于矢量量化变分自编码器( Vector Quantized Variational Autoencoder，VQVAE) 的语音转换系统是国内外语音转换领域研究的一大热点，但是其较差的转换音质限制了模型的应用。
en-us	The vector quantized variational autoencoder ( VQVAE) based voice conversion system is a hot spot in voice conversion area, but the poor quality of converted speeches limits its wide use.

zh-cn	本文在 VQVAE 的基础上提出一种改进的矢量量化正则变分自编码器 ( Vector Quantization Ｒegularized Variational Autoencoder，VQ- ＲEG-VAE) 。
en-us	To address this problem, this paper proposes an improved model called vector quantization regularized variational autoencoder ( VQ-ＲEG-VAE) .

zh-cn	在训练时，矢量量化退化为正则化项，
en-us	During training, vector quantization works as the regularization term.

zh-cn	通过矢量量化的正则约束让编码器学习生成说话人无关的语义特征，同时让解码器学习将说话人特征融合到语义特征中。
en-us	Through the regularization of vector quantization, the encoder learns to generate speaker-independent linguistic features while the decoder learns to fuse the speaker features into linguistic fea- tures.

zh-cn	在转换时，可以去掉矢量量化这一正则化项，通过编码器和解码器就能实现语音转换。
en-us	During conversion, voice conversion can be realized through the encoder and the decoder.

zh-cn	由于转换时没有进行矢量量化，语义特征信息得以更好保留。
en-us	Since vector quantization is not used during the conversion, more linguitic information can be preserved.

zh-cn	客观和主观实验都表明:基于 VQ-ＲEG-VAE 模型的转换语音在不降低相似度的前提下，音质比 VQVAE 模型有显著的提升。
en-us	The objective and subjective experiments have shown that, compared with VQVAE model, VQ-ＲEG-VAE model achieved significant improvement in speech quality and comparable results in speaker similarity.

zh-cn	在信源数目未知的欠定盲源分离问题中，精确地估计混合矩阵是具有挑战性的问题。
en-us	In underdetermined blind source separation with unknown number of sources, it is challenging to estimate themixing matrix precisely.

zh-cn	针对现有方法在病态条件下( 某些混合向量的方向接近) 不能准确估计信源数目、易受离群点干扰的不足，提出了一种基于方向性模糊 C-means 与 K-means 的混合矩阵估计方法。
en-us	Two major shortcomings of existing methods are that they cannot estimate the number of sourcescorrectly under ill-conditioned conditions ( namely, the directions of some mixed vectors are close) and they are susceptibleto outliers. To deal with these issues, a mixing matrix estimation method based on directional fuzzy C-means ( DFCM) andK-means is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法首先通过方向性模糊 C-means 对观测信号进行预聚类，通过预聚类可以实现:
en-us	First, the observation signals are pre-clustered by DFCM, such that we can:

zh-cn	1) 根据聚类有效性指标值的收敛点确定信源数目;
en-us	1) determine the num ber of sources according to the convergence point of the clustering validity index;

zh-cn	2) 根据隶属度矩阵排除离群点;
en-us	2) eliminate outliers according to the membership matrix;

zh-cn	3) 确定K-means 的初始聚类点。
en-us	3) determine the initial clustering points of K-means.

zh-cn	最后使用 K-means 并利用预聚类确定的信源数目及初始聚类点实现混合矩阵估计。
en-us	Finally, K-means is used to achieve mixing ma trix estimation based on the pre-determined number of sources and the initial clustering points.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明提出的方法具有更优的混合矩阵估计性能。
en-us	The simulation results sug gest that the proposed method has superior performance of mixing matrix estimation.

zh-cn	针对雷暴天气下伴随着多种危险气象同时存在的动态改航规划需求，提出了一种考虑多种危险气象的分层航迹动态规划策略。
en-us	A stratified path dynamic planning strategy in view of multiple weather hazards is proposed to solve the demand of dynamic rerouting planning in thunderstorm weather with a variety of Hazardous weather at the same time.

zh-cn	首先，根据雷达回波图对改航空域进行分层规划;
en-us	Firstly, according to the radar echo map, the rerouting airspace is planned hierarchically.

zh-cn	然后，基于改航起点和改航终点利用稀疏A* 算法结合改航约束条件对分层空域进行全局航迹规划，并利用关键点选取策略确定关键航迹点;
en-us	Secondly, based on the rerouting starting point and rerouting ending point, the sparse A* algorithm combined with the rerouting constraints is used to plan the global path in the layered airspace, and the key points are determined by using the key point selection strategy.

zh-cn	最后，根据关键航迹点对全局航迹进行分段，并利用动态窗口法逐段进行实时航迹动态规划。
en-us	Finally, the global path is segmented by the key point, and the real-time path dynamic planning is carried out by using the dynamic win- dow method.

zh-cn	实验结果表明所提方法具备良好的实时航迹动态规划性能，并且优于动态稀疏 A* 算法、动态窗口法和现行策略，
en-us	The experimental results show that the proposed method had good real-time dynamic path planning perform- ance, and was superior to dynamic sparse A* algorithm, dynamic window method and current strategy.

zh-cn	而且所提方法还可以提供在规避危险气象过程中关于航空器的航速和航向的变化情况供飞行员参考。
en-us	Moreover, The proposed method can also provide information on the changes of the aircraft's speed and course during the process of avoiding dangerous weather for pilots' reference.

zh-cn	为了提高雾无线接入网( Fog-Ｒadio Access Networks，F-ＲAN) 的边缘缓存效率，提出一种基于用户偏好预测和内容流行度预测的协作式内容缓存策略。
en-us	In order to improve the edge caching efficiency of Fog-Ｒadio Access Network ( F-ＲAN) , a collaborative contentcaching strategy based on user preference prediction and content popularity prediction is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	首先，利用主题模型中隐含狄利克雷分布( Latent Dirichlet Alloca tion，LDA) 模型动态地预测用户偏好;
en-us	Firstly, theLatent Dirichlet Allocation ( LDA) model in the subject model is used to dynamically predict user preferences.

zh-cn	其次，利用网络中不同设备之间的拓扑关系和已预测的用户偏好以在线的方式预测内容流行度的变化，
en-us	Secondly, the topological relationships between different devices in the network and the obtained predicted user preferences are utilizedto predict the changes of content popularity in an online fashion.

zh-cn	并且结合基站之间的相关度，以减少缓存内容文件的重复率;
en-us	Combining with correlation between the base station to re duce the repetition rate of cache content files.

zh-cn	最后，以最大化缓存命中率为目标，利用强化学习中的 Q-learning 算法获得了最优的内容缓存策略。
en-us	Finally, with the aim of maximizing the cache hit ratio, the Q-learning algo rithm in reinforcement learning is used to obtain the optimal content caching strategy.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，与其他内容缓存策略相比，该内容缓存策略能有效的提高缓存命中率。
en-us	Simulation results show that the pro posed content caching strategy can effectively improve the cache hit ratio compared with existing content caching strategies.

zh-cn	基于深度神经网络的多源图像内容自动分析与目标识别方法近年来不断取得新的突破，并逐步在智能安防、医疗影像辅助诊断和自动驾驶等多个领域得到广泛部署。
en-us	Recently deep neural networks have achieved great success in various multiple source digital image analysis and interpretation tasks. They have been gradually deployed in many applications such as smart surveillance, medical image analysis and autonomous driving.

zh-cn	然而深度神经网络的对抗脆弱性给其在安全敏感领域的部署带来巨大安全隐患。
en-us	However, they are vulnerable to adversarial attacks.

zh-cn	对抗鲁棒性的有效提升方法是采用最大化网络损失的对抗样本重训练深度网络，
en-us	One of the most effective method for adversarial robustness enhancement is to retrain deep neural network using adversarial examples which maximize the loss function of the deep model.

zh-cn	但是现有的对抗训练过程生成对抗样本时需要类别标记信息，并且会大大降低无攻击数据集上的泛化性能。
en-us	Yet it requires semantic annotation information to generate adversarial attacks and often perform poorly on the original data set.

zh-cn	本文提出一种基于自监督对比学习的深度神经网络对抗鲁棒性提升方法，
en-us	This paper proposes a self-supervised contrastive learning framework to adversarially train a robust neural network without labeled data.

zh-cn	充分利用大量存在的无标记数据改善模型在对抗场景中的预测稳定性和泛化性。
en-us	We aim to maximize the representation similarity between a random augmentation of an image and its instance level adversarial perturbation.

zh-cn	本文所提方法可以用于预训练模型的鲁棒性提升，也可以与对抗训练相结合最大化模型的“预训练+微调”鲁棒性，在遥感图像场景分类数据集上的实验结果证明了所提方法的有效性和灵活性。
en-us	The proposed method can be used to improve the adversarial robustness of pre-trained models, and can also be used to enhance the two stage robustness. We validate the proposed method on two remote sensing scene classification benchmark data sets.

zh-cn	水下传感节点静默定位算法是一种免时钟同步且易拓展节点的水声定位算法，待定位节点只需接收声信号即可计算出自身位置。
en-us	The silent location algorithm for underwater sensor nodes is a time-synchronization free location algorithm where nodes could join expediently. Nodes to be located can calculate themselves' positions just with monitoring sound signal.

zh-cn	受其独特的定位协议影响，其定位周期一般较长，定位精度受待定位节点自身运动影响较大。
en-us	Due to the particular location protocol, the location period of the silent location algorithm is generally longer. So that the location accuracy is greatly affected by the motion of the nodes to be located.

zh-cn	本文研究了待定位节点运动对已有算法精度的影响，并提出了一种结合移动补偿的动态水下待定位节点静默定位方法，补偿了待定位节点运动对自身定位精度的影响。
en-us	In this paper, how the motion effect the accuracy of existing silent location algorithm is investigated, and a silent location algorithm for dynamic underwater sensor nodes combined with mobility compensation is proposed to eliminate the motion of the node to be located.

zh-cn	待定位节点首先估计来自各信标节点信号到达时刻的变化状态，掌握其变化规律，并据此以同一接收位置为基准补偿得到的观测信息。
en-us	In order to learn the change regular of measurements, the nodes to be located estimated the change state of the arrival time of signals from each beacon node firstly. Furthermore, the arrival time measured at the same positon could be predicted according to the estimated change regular.

zh-cn	随后结合已有静默定位算法获得自身位置。
en-us	The motion-compensated positon could be calculated using the existing silent location algorithm with the predicted measurements.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，本文所提算法可以有效地抑制待定位节点运动产生的定位误差。
en-us	The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in this paper is verified by simulation analysis.

zh-cn	针对低信噪比条件下海面目标分类识别精度差的问题，该文提出了一种基于去噪卷积神经网络(Denoising convolutional neural network，DnCNN)的海面目标高分辨一维距离像(High Resolution Range Profile，HRRP)识别方法。
en-us	Aiming at the problem of poor target classification and recognition accuracy under low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) conditions, a high resolution one-dimensional range profile(HRRP) recognition method for sea-surface targets based on denoising convolutional neural networks(DnCNN) is proposed.

zh-cn	所提方法设计了一个海面目标分类识别模型，该模型通过其中的降噪模块提高信噪比。
en-us	The proposed method designed a sea surface target classification and recognition model, which improves the signal-to-noise ratio through the noise reduction module.

zh-cn	首先，分析了HRRP和二维图像的相似特性，将HRRP降噪转变为二维图像降噪。
en-us	First, the similar characteristics of HRRP and two-dimensional images are analyzed, and HRRP noise reduction is transformed into two-dimensional image noise reduction.

zh-cn	其次，利用深层次卷积层与批归一化层相结合的结构，提取图像深层次的噪声特征，最后采用残差学习技术，减轻深层次网络的学习负担的同时重构图像进行分类识别。
en-us	Secondly, the deep-level convolutional layer and the batch normalization layer are combined to extract the deep-level noise features of the image, and finally the residual learning technology is used to reduce the learning burden of the deep network while reconstructing the image for classification and recognition.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该模型可以有效提升低信噪比条件下的海面目标分类识别正确率，在不同信噪比条件下其识别性能均优于对比模型，具有良好的识别性能和鲁棒性。
en-us	Experimental results show that the model can greatly improve the accuracy of sea-surface target classification and recognition under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio. What's more, with the features of good recognition performance and robustness, its recognition performance is also better than that of contrast model under different conditions of SNR.

zh-cn	合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar，SAR)图像舰船目标检测紧贴军事和民用需求，为海洋监视提供重要信息支撑。
en-us	Synthetic aperture radar(SAR) image ship target detection closely meets military and civilian needs, and provides important information support for marine surveillance.

zh-cn	针对复杂大场景SAR图像，本文设计了一种基于级联网络的舰船目标检测框架，该网络框架主要由D-BiSeNet海陆分割、分块区域筛选和CP-FCOS目标检测三部分组成。
en-us	Aiming at complex large-scenes SAR Images, a fast detection framework for ship targets based on a cascade network is proposed in this paper. The detection framework is mainly composed of three parts: D-BiSeNet sea and land segmentation, block area screening and CP-FCOS target detection.

zh-cn	通过改进双边网络(D-BiSeNet)进行SAR图像海陆分割，增强了图像空间位置信息及网络边缘损失，提高了分割性能。
en-us	D-BiSeNet is an improved bilateral network(BiSeNet) adapted to the sea and land segmentation of SAR images. It improved the segmentation performance by enhancing image spatial location information and network edge loss.

zh-cn	通过海域面积比参数设定进行分块区域筛选，可以有效选择网络处理图像块，提升算法整体检测效率。
en-us	Sea area ratio is set to select network processing image blocks effectively, which can improve the overall detection efficiency of the algorithm.

zh-cn	CP-FCOS网络将Category-Position特征优化模块应用于传统FCOS网络，强化网络特征提取能力，同时改进目标分类和边界框回归方式，提高舰船目标定位效果。
en-us	A Category-Position feature optimization module is applied to the traditional FCOS network in CP-FCOS, which can strengthen the feature extraction capabilities of network. Meanwhile, the target classification and boundary box regression methods are redesigned to improve the effect of ship target positioning.

zh-cn	基于Sentinel-1和高分三号大场景实测数据实验表明，相比于传统CFAR、Faster-RCNN和RetinaNet方法，本文方法综合检测性能提升25. 7%，3. 7%和9. 9%，同时检测速度提升10. 0%以上。
en-us	The experimental results based on Sentinel-1 and GF-3 large-scene images show that compared with traditional CFAR, Faster-RCNN and RetinaNet methods, our method obtains 25. 7%, 3. 7% and 9. 9% gains in the comprehensive detection performance, while the detection speed is improved more than 10. 0%.

zh-cn	无处不在的地磁场由于室内环境中建筑结构的差异而具有独特的特征。
en-us	Ubiquitous geomagnetic field exhibits unique features due to differences between building structures in indoor environments.

zh-cn	此外，地磁信号的分辨难度会导致定位结果的不准确。
en-us	In addition, the difficulty of resolving geomagnetic signals will lead to inaccurate positioning results.

zh-cn	本文提出了一种使用深度神经网络来提高定位精度的地磁室内定位系统。
en-us	This paper proposes a geomagnetic indoor positioning system using deep neural networks to improve positioning accuracy.

zh-cn	为了解决地磁场的低分辨率问题，本文将连续的地磁信号矢量化为轨迹序列，并以此为基础设计了一种新的地图构建方法来搭建用于室内定位的地磁数据库。
en-us	In order to solve the problem of low discernibility of the geomagnetic filed, continuous geomagnetic signals are vectorized into a trajectory sequence, and a novel map-building method is designed based on this to geomagnetic database for indoor positioning.

zh-cn	然后，通过引入时间卷积网络(TCN)来提取磁轨迹序列的深层特征。
en-us	Then, temporal convolutional network(TCN) is introduced to extract deep features of geomagnetic trajectory sequences.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，这种方法优于KNN和基于LSTM的DRNN等其他机器学习算法。
en-us	Experimental results show that the method outperforms other machine learning algorithms, such as KNN and LSTM-based DRNN.

zh-cn	传统毫米波传播损耗模型假设收发端天线高度比较低，不直接适用于空地传输场景，本文基于射线跟踪原理提出了一种空地场景下毫米波通信的传播损耗统计模型。
en-us	The factor of altitude is not fully considered in traditional path loss models, which cannot be applied to the air-to-ground communication scenarios directly. Based on the ray tracing technique, this paper proposed a statistical path loss model for air-to-ground mmWave channels.

zh-cn	该模型推导分析了视距、反射、绕射和无信号四种不同传播情况的路径概率，并综合考虑了环境、频率、距离和天线高度等因素对路径损耗的影响。
en-us	This model derived the path probabilities of four different propagation cases, i. e. , line-of-sight, reflection, diffraction and no signal, and comprehensively took the influences of environment, frequency, distance, and antenna height into account.

zh-cn	仿真分析结果表明，本文模型对不同场景和传播高度都具有良好的适用性，对于非视距情况的细化分类使其计算结果比传统模型更为精确且与射线跟踪仿真结果更为吻合，可用于空地毫米波通信系统设计和算法优化等领域。
en-us	The simulation and analyze show that the proposed model has good applicability for different scenes and antenna heights. The classification of non-line-of-sight makes its calculation results of path loss more accurate than the ones of traditional models, and more consistent with the results of ray tracing method. It can be used in the system design and algorithm optimization of air-to-ground millimeter-wave communication systems.

zh-cn	针对分布式多输入多输出(Multiple-input Multiple-output，MIMO)雷达回波信号相参积累问题，提出了一种利用信息熵作为优化准则的多节点回波相位补偿与相参积累方法。
en-us	The coherent accumulation problem of distributed multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) radar was studied. We proposed a phase compensation and coherent accumulation algorithm of multi-node echoes, which used information entropy as an optimization criterion.

zh-cn	采用正交频分复用线性调频信号(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Linear Frequency Modulated Signal，OFDM-LFM)作为发射波形，通过匹配滤波完成耦合回波分离和脉冲压缩，然后在频域进行频移操作消除步进频的相位影响，利用信息熵估计距离对齐后的多节点回波相位差，随后构建相应的相位补偿函数，进而完成各节点回波的相位差异补偿，最终得到分布式MIMO雷达多节点回波信号的相参积累结果。
en-us	Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing linear frequency modulated(OFDM-LFM) signal was used as emission waveforms. The signal separation of coupling echoes and pulse compression were completed by matched filtering. In order to eliminate the impact of step frequency, we took frequency shift operation in the frequency domain. Information entropy function of the range alignment echoes was used to estimate the phase parameters, then we constructed the phase compensated function to compensate the phase differences of multi-node echoes. Finally, We obtained the coherent accumulation result of distributed MIMO radar.

zh-cn	所提方法可同时处理多个节点回波，仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性。
en-us	The proposed method can deal with the echoes of multiple nodes at the same time, simulation results are provided to verity the validity of the proposed method.

zh-cn	矩阵低秩估计模型在图像处理任务中有着广泛地运用。
en-us	Low-rank matrix approximation models have been successfully applied to numerous vision tasks.

zh-cn	针对图像去模糊，利用矩阵低秩先验能保留图像的重要边缘信息从而实现去模糊。
en-us	For image deblurring, the use of low-rank prior can retain the important edge information.

zh-cn	而对于多帧图像去模糊，基于矩阵的低秩模型并未充分考虑多帧图像间的时序和空间关系。
en-us	However, for multi-frame image deblurring, the low-rank matrix models do not consider the temporal and spatial relationship among multi-frame images.

zh-cn	针对该问题，我们提出基于三维张量低秩先验的多帧视频图像盲去模糊模型。在模型中，首先将多帧连续图像按时序维堆叠成张量，显式地考虑多帧图像间的时空关系，同时利用张量低秩先验约束保留图像重要纹理结构信息。
en-us	In this paper, we propose a low-rank prior deblurring model based on a three-dimensional tensor, we pile up the continuous images into a tensor according to the temporal dimension, and use the tensor low-rank prior constraint, which not only maintains the dominant texture structure information to estimate the blur kernel but also considers the spatiotemporal relationship among multiple frames.

zh-cn	利用交替迭代的方法求解模型，实现去模糊。
en-us	We solve the energy model by alternating direction minimization method.

zh-cn	通过在不同的数据集上实验结果表明，该方法能达到较好的去模糊结果。
en-us	The experimental results on different datasets show that our method can achieve better results.

zh-cn	在空中交通监视系统中使用的现代技术中，广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B)是当今最引人注目的一种，它具有更高的准确性和更少的人为依赖。
en-us	Among the modern technologies used in air traffic surveillance systems, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast(ADS-B) is the most eye-catching one today, with higher accuracy and less human dependence.

zh-cn	但其在没有任何认证和加密的情况下广播消息，信息可能会被恶意伪造或修改。
en-us	However, it broadcast messages without any authentication and encryption, and the information may be maliciously forged or modified.

zh-cn	本文介绍了两种基于1DCNN-BiLSTM的网络模型，
en-us	This article introduced two network models based on 1 DCNN-BiLSTM.

zh-cn	此模型根据ADS-B时域采样数据提取真实信号与欺骗信号的特征并识别出欺骗信号。
en-us	This model extracted the characteristics of the real signal and the spoofed signal based on the ADS-B time-domain sampling data and identified the spoofed signal.

zh-cn	在航迹较短时，该模型能提取ADS-B信号详细的时间特征信息;
en-us	When the trajectory was short, the model could extract the detailed time feature information of the ADS-B signal;

zh-cn	经过仿真实验，1DCNN-BiLSTM网络与只具有时间特征提取的网络相比，例如DNN和LSTM，有更好的检测效果。
en-us	After simulation experiments, the 1 DCNN-BiLSTM network has a better detection effect than the network that only has time feature extraction, such as DNN and LSTM.

zh-cn	传统多假设跟踪(Multiple Hypothesis Tracker，MHT)算法假定杂波强度先验已知，
en-us	The traditional multiple hypothesis tracking(MHT) algorithm assumes that the clutter intensity is known a priori.

zh-cn	在未知杂波的观测场景中，杂波强度误差将导致数据关联的准确性急剧下降。
en-us	In the observation scene of unknown clutter, the clutter intensity error will lead to a sharp decline in the accuracy of data association.

zh-cn	针对这一问题，本文提出一种基于核密度估计(Kernel Density Estimation，KDE)的在线杂波估计MHT算法。
en-us	To solve this problem, this paper proposes an improved MHT method with clutter estimation based on kernel density estimation(KDE).

zh-cn	首先利用核密度函数拟合未知的杂波密度函数，并自适应地估计出该时刻波门内的杂波强度;
en-us	Firstly, the kernel density function is used to fit the unknown clutter spatial distribution, and the clutter intensity in the gate at that time is estimated adaptively;

zh-cn	然后利用杂波强度估计值计算假设航迹的得分函数，提高了数据关联的准确性和目标跟踪的稳定性。
en-us	then the score function of the track hypothesis is calculated by using the obtained clutter intensity, which improves the accuracy of data association and the stability of target tracking.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，在未知杂波观测场景中，MHT-KDE算法有效改善了航迹的连续性，减少了虚假航迹数。
en-us	Simulation results show that MHT-KDE algorithm can effectively improve the track continuity and reduce the number of false tracks in unknown clutter observation scene.

zh-cn	现有基于深度神经网络的辐射源识别算法受训练场景限制，当待测信号与训练数据集的信道环境噪声不一致时，网络的识别性能严重退化。
en-us	Existing deep neural network(DNN) based specific emitter identification(SEI) algorithms are limited by training scenarios, and the identification accuracy of the network is seriously degraded when the signal to be identified is not consistent with the channel noise of the training data.

zh-cn	为了克服该问题，本文提出一种基于迁移学习的辐射源个体识别算法。
en-us	In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a SEI algorithm based on transfer learning.

zh-cn	该算法结合领域自适应的思想，建立优化模型将不同信噪比下信号的特征对齐，使在特定信噪比下训练的神经网络学习到与信道噪声无关的射频指纹特征，实现对其他信噪比下信号的高准确率识别。
en-us	Combining with the idea of domain adaptation, this method established an optimization model to align the features of signals under different signal-to-noise ratio(SNR), so that the neural network trained under a specific SNR can learn the radio frequency fingerprint(RFF) features which are independent of channel noise, and realize the identification of signals under other SNR conditions with high accuracy.

zh-cn	仿真实验结果表明，提出的算法显著提升了基于深度神经网络的辐射源个体识别算法在动态噪声条件下的准确率，
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm improves the accuracy of the SEI algorithm based on DNN under the interference of dynamic noise.

zh-cn	在待识别信号信噪比下降4 dB的情况下，准确率提升了45.18%。
en-us	When the SNR of the signal to be identified decreases by 4 dB, the identification accuracy can be improved by 45. 18%.

zh-cn	动态纹理在空间和时间上表现出“外观”和“运动”属性，为了有效结合这两种属性进行动态纹理分析，本文提出一种基于时间—顶点谱图小波变换与边缘分布协方差模型的动态纹理分类方法。
en-us	Dynamic textures exhibit “appearance” and “motion” properties in space and time. Combining these two properties, a dynamic texture classification method based on spectral time-vertex wavelet transform and Marginal distribution covariance model was proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	该方法将动态纹理看成时间—顶点图信号，利用时间—顶点谱图Meyer小波变换对动态纹理进行多尺度分解，
en-us	The time-vertex graph signal processing framework was used to represent the dynamic texture as the time-vertex graph signal. Since Meyer wavelet can represent dynamic textures in multiple directions and at multiple scales, so the multi-scale decomposition of dynamic texture was performed by spectral time-vertex Meyer wavelet transform.

zh-cn	再对每个子带应用边缘分布协方差模型，由此得到带内相关性的特征协方差矩阵作为动态纹理特征进行分类。
en-us	Then, Marginal distribution covariance model was applied to each sub-band, and the characteristic covariance matrix of intra-band correlation was obtained as dynamic texture feature for classification.

zh-cn	由于时间—顶点图信号的表示可以有效描述动态纹理像素间的空间关系及其沿时间的变化，同时谱图小波变换继承了图表示和小波变换的优势，因此利用时间—顶点谱图小波分解与边缘分布协方差模型，可得到有效的动态纹理特征。
en-us	Due to the representation of time-vertex graph can effectively describe the spatial relations among dynamic texture pixels and their changes along time, meanwhile, spectral wavelet transform inherits the advantages of graph representation and wavelet transform, so we used spectra time-vertex wavelet decomposition and marginal distribution covariance model to obtain dynamic texture feature effectively.

zh-cn	在标准动态纹理数据集上的分类实验结果表明，本文方法具有良好的分类性能。
en-us	The experiment results on standard dynamic texture data sets show that the proposed method has good classification performance.

zh-cn	利用卷积神经网络对目标微多普勒特征进行深度学习是目前雷达探测无人机分类的重要手段。
en-us	It is an important method for classifying UAVs detected by radar using convolutional neural networks to perform deep learning on targets' micro-Doppler features.

zh-cn	实际应用中，无人机参数如叶片转速、叶片长度、叶片初始相位、无人机方位角、无人机俯仰角、无人机径向速度等参数变化大，导致训练样本变化大。
en-us	Actually, parameters of UAVs such as blade rotation speed, blade length, blade initial phase, UAVs' azimuth, UAVs' pitch angle, and UAVs' radial velocity, etc. vary greatly, which leads to large variation in training samples sets.

zh-cn	该文分析训练样本集对旋翼无人机分类结果的影响。
en-us	In this paper, impacts of training samples sets on rotor UAVs' classification results are analyzed.

zh-cn	首先建立单旋翼无人直升机、四旋翼无人机和六旋翼无人机雷达回波仿真模型。
en-us	Firstly, simulated radar echoes models of helicopters, quadrotors and hexarotors are established.

zh-cn	然后对其进行微多普勒特征分析提取，构建多种不同情况下的合并多普勒图像(Merged Doppler Images，MDI)训练样本集。
en-us	Then micro-Doppler features analysis and extraction are carried out, and Merged Doppler Images(MDI) training samples sets are constructed in many different situations. Finally, GoogLeNet(Inception v1) is used to obtain UAVs' classification results in different situations.

zh-cn	最后利用GoogLeNet (Inception v1)得到不同情况下的无人机分类结果，分析训练样本集中样本数量、无人机单一参数变化、样本参数涵盖完整性以及无人机参数采样间隔对分类准确率的影响。
en-us	Impacts of sample quantity, variation of UAVs' single parameter, completeness of sample parameters coverage and sampling intervals of UAVs' parameters of training sets on the classification accuracy are analyzed.

zh-cn	实验结果表明：训练样本集的差异可能对分类准确率产生显著影响。
en-us	The experiment results show that the difference in MDI training sets may have significant impacts on UAVs' classification accuracy.

zh-cn	振动传感器接收的信号往往包含不同部件的振动信号和环境噪声，为了从少量振动传感器的接收信号中识别信号源数和各频率分量，提出了一种基于稀疏分量分析的欠定盲源分离方法。
en-us	The signals received by vibration sensors often contain vibration signals of different components and environmental noise. In order to identify the number of signal sources and various frequency components from the received signals of a small number of vibration sensors, an underdetermined blind source separation method based on sparse component analysis is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法首先对混合信号进行时频变换，通过主成分分析提取各个时频点邻域的局部主成分，筛选出单源域特征数据。
en-us	This method first performs time-frequency transformation on the mixed signal, extracts the local principal components of the neighborhood of each time-frequency point through principal component analysis, and filters out the single-source domain feature data.

zh-cn	然后利用余弦距离改进聚类验证技术与模糊聚类算法，对振动源个数进行识别、对聚类参数进行更新，获得信号源数和混合矩阵估计。
en-us	Then use the cosine distance to improve the cluster verification technology and fuzzy clustering algorithm, identify the number of vibration sources, update the clustering parameters, and obtain the number of signal sources and the estimation of the mixing matrix.

zh-cn	最后用一系列最小二乘法从混合信号对应的时频点中抽取出源信号。
en-us	Finally, a series of least square methods are used to extract the source signal from the time-frequency points corresponding to the mixed signal.

zh-cn	通过仿真实验和实测数据实验验证了本文方法的有效性和稳健性，
en-us	Simulation experiments and measured data experiments verify the effectiveness and robustness of the method in this paper.

zh-cn	相比经典时频比方法得到了更稳健、更精确的分离结果，这有助于对机械振动源进行识别和定量评估，以方便后续进行机械状态监测和减振降噪处理。
en-us	Compared with the time-frequency ratio method, more accurate and robust separation results are obtained, which is helpful for the identification and quantitative evaluation of mechanical vibration sources, so as to facilitate the subsequent mechanical condition monitoring and vibration and noise reduction processing.

zh-cn	为了提高跳频通信系统的抗干扰能力，本文提出一种结合干扰信息综合考虑跳频序列的汉明相关性、均匀性、被干扰概率和跳频增益的抗干扰跳频序列优化设计方法。
en-us	In order to improve the anti-jamming ability of the frequency-hopping communication system, an optimized design method of anti-jamming frequency-hopping sequence is proposed. This method combines the jamming information to comprehensively consider the Hamming-correlation properties, uniformity, interference probability and frequency-hopping gain of the frequency-hopping sequence.

zh-cn	使用改进灰狼算法求解优化问题，提出新型反向学习策略和使用莱维飞行的个体信息交流机制，提升灰狼算法性能。
en-us	The improved grey wolf algorithm is used to solve the above optimization problem. A new opposition-based learning strategy and individual information exchange mechanism using Levy flight are proposed to improve the performance of the grey wolf algorithm.

zh-cn	通过基本测试函数的仿真实验表明本文的改进灰狼算法比其他灰狼算法有更好的收敛速度和求解精度。
en-us	The experimental results about basic test functions show that the improved grey wolf algorithm is superior to other grey wolf algorithms in convergence speed and solution accuracy.

zh-cn	本文的抗干扰跳频序列优化设计结果表明，在多种干扰情况下，本文方法设计的跳频序列相比于传统跳频序列和宽间隔跳频序列具有更强的抗干扰能力。
en-us	And the optimized design results of anti-jamming frequency-hopping sequence show that it's anti-jamming ability is stronger than the traditional frequency-hopping sequence and the wide-gap frequency-hopping sequence under various jamming background.

zh-cn	本文在多基站和远端云构成的多层计算卸载场景中，提出了一种多小区蜂窝网络中基站选择、计算卸载与资源分配联合优化算法。
en-us	In this paper, a joint optimization algorithm of base station selection, computation offloading and resource allocation in multi-cell cellular networks is proposed in the multi-layer computation offloading scenario composed of the multi-base station and remote cloud.

zh-cn	该算法考虑多基站重叠覆盖用户的基站选择，在边缘服务器计算资源约束条件下，构建了能耗与时延加权和的最小化问题，这是NP-hard问题。
en-us	The algorithm considers the base station selection of multi-base station overlapping coverage users and constructs the minimization problem of the weighted sum of energy consumption and delay under the constraint of edge server computing resources, which is NP-hard.

zh-cn	本文首先对单用户多基站计算卸载问题，采用拉格朗日乘子法对其进行求解;
en-us	We start from the single user multi-cell computation offloading problem solved by the Lagrange multiplier method.

zh-cn	然后针对多用户多基站场景，考虑用户的基站选择以及边缘服务器计算资源的竞争，基于定义的选择函数对接入基站进行选择，采用次优的迭代启发式算法对单用户场景下的卸载决策做出动态修正，获得卸载决策和边缘服务器资源分配。
en-us	Secondly, for the multi-user multi-base station scenario, considering the user's selection of base station and the competition of computing resources of edge server, the access base station is selected based on the defined selection function, and the suboptimal iterative heuristic algorithm is adopted to make the dynamic correction for the offloading decision in the single-user scenario, so as to obtain the offloading decision and resource allocation of the edge server.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，提出的计算卸载及资源分配算法能有效的降低任务完成的时延与终端的能耗。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the task completion delay and terminal energy consumption.

zh-cn	网络社交的流行与普及，使得微博等短文本区别于以往传统文章，具有了独有的文学表达形式和情感发泄方式，导致基于短文本的机器学习情感分析工作难度逐渐增大。
en-us	Online social networks have gradually become popular and popularization. A number of social networks such as microblog have formed a unique form of literary and emotional expression. Because the expression of microblog is different from the expression of traditional articles, the sentiment analysis research based on short-text machine learning has become more and more difficult.

zh-cn	针对微博短文本的语言表达新特性，爬取收集大量无情感标记微博数据，建立微博短文本语料库，基于全局语料库构建词与短文本的全局关系图，使用BERT(Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers)文档嵌入作为图节点的特征值，采用图卷积进行节点间的特征传递和特征提取。
en-us	Aiming at the new features of Microblog short text language expression, we crawl and collect a large amount of non-emotionally labeled Microblog data, and build a Microblog short text corpus to create a global relationship graph between words and short texts. The BERT(Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) document embedding is used as the feature value of the graph node, and graph convolution is used for feature transfer and feature extraction between nodes. We manually annotate non-emotionally labeled Microblog data which sample from the whole Microblog short text corpus.

zh-cn	采样部分无情感标记微博数据进行人工标注，采用半监督机器学习方法结合全局关系图提高情感分类器的性能，实验表明通过无情感标记数据比例的增加，该方法可以更好地捕捉全局特征，提高情感分类的精度。
en-us	A semi-supervised machine learning method combined with global relationship graph is proposed to improve the performance of sentiment classifier. Experiments show that by increasing the proportion of unmarked data, the method can better capture global features and improve the accuracy of sentiment classification.

zh-cn	在自建人工标记数据、COAE2014数据集和NLP&CC2014数据集上进行了对比实验，实验结果表明该方法在精确率和召回率上均具有很好的表现。
en-us	Comparative experiments are carried out on self-built artificial labeling data, COAE2014 data set and NLP&CC2014 data set. The experimental results show that the method has a good performance in accuracy and recall.

zh-cn	传统基于单机的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar，SAR)图像舰船目标检测需要在本地计算机上进行数据下载、处理和分析，这极大受限于本地计算机的性能，只能对少量SAR图像进行检测。
en-us	The traditional ship target detection in Synthetic Aperture Radar image based on stand-alone computer requires data download, processing and analysis on the local computer, which is greatly limited by the performance of the local computer and can only be detected in a small number of SAR images.

zh-cn	本文利用Google Earth Engine(GEE)遥感云计算平台的海量数据存储和强大运算能力，通过在云端部署SAR卫星数据、模型算法和计算机算力，在GEE平台上进行了大范围海域的海量舰船目标SAR图像处理应用研究，
en-us	This paper makes use of the Google Earth Engine remote sensing cloud computing platform of massive data storage and powerful computing power, through the deployment of SAR satellite data, model algorithms and computer computing power in the cloud, carried out the SAR image processing application research of massive ship targets in a large range of sea areas on the GEE platform.

zh-cn	实现了舰船目标检测同时还可以获取舰船目标信息、统计舰船目标数量、批量下载目标检测结果图像等。
en-us	It realizes ship target detection and can also obtain ship target information, count the number of ship targets, and download target detection result images in batches.

zh-cn	通过在Sentinel-1 SAR数据上进行相关实验，结果表明本文研究可在线对海量SAR数据进行实时、高效、快速地处理，对海上舰船监视具有较高的实际应用价值。
en-us	Through related experiments on Sentinel-1 SAR data, the results show that the research in this paper can process massive SAR data online in real time, efficiently and quickly, and has high practical application value for maritime ship surveillance.

zh-cn	咬尾是一种将卷积码转换为块码的技术，它消除了归零状态所造成的码率损失，同时避免了截尾带来的性能降低，在短块编码中具有明显优势。
en-us	Tail-biting is a technique to convert convolutional codes into block codes. It eliminates the bit rate loss caused by the zero return state and avoids the performance degradation caused by tail-cutting. It has obvious advantages in short code transmission.

zh-cn	针对咬尾卷积码(TBCC)现有译码算法复杂度过大和收敛性问题，提出一种低复杂度的TBCC自适应循环维特比(VA)译码算法。
en-us	Aiming at the complexity of the existing decoding algorithms of tail-biting convolutional code(TBCC) over large and convergent, a low complexity TBCC adaptive cyclic Viterbi(VA) decoding algorithm is proposed.

zh-cn	该算法根据信道变化自适应调整译码迭代次数，使咬尾路径收敛到最佳。
en-us	The algorithm adjusts the number of iterations adaptively according to the change of the channel so that the tail-biting path converges to the best.

zh-cn	通过仿真对比不同译码算法的块错误率和译码迭代次数，结果表明TBCC性能明显好于传统卷积码;
en-us	By comparing the block error rate and decoding iteration times of different decoding algorithms, the simulation results show that the performance of TBCC is obviously better than traditional convolutional codes.

zh-cn	相比于同类循环VA算法，在不降低性能的前提下，改进算法简化了停止规则，减少译码迭代次数和复杂度，在低信噪比时，改进算法比传统绕维特比译码算法(WAVA)平均迭代次数减少约4次。
en-us	Compared with the similar cyclic VA algorithm, the improved algorithm simplifies the stop rule and reduces the number and complexity of decoding iteration without reducing the performance. At low SNR, the average number of iterations of the improved algorithm is reduced by about 4 times compared with the traditional wrap-around Viterbi decoding algorithm(WAVA).

zh-cn	针对静止轨道(Geostationary Earth Orbit，GEO)卫星系统和低轨道(Low Earth Orbit，LEO)卫星系统频率共享时存在的干扰问题，本文基于低轨分布式卫星编队提出了一种鲁棒自适应波束成形算法，从空间域功率隔离角度解决了高低轨卫星通信系统上行链路共用频谱时GEO用户对于LEO卫星共线干扰问题。
en-us	To solve the problem of interference existing in the frequency sharing between the Geostationary Earth Orbit(GEO) satellite system and the Low Earth Orbit(LEO) satellite system, this paper reconsidered the use strategy of spatial spectrum resources, proposed a robust adaptive beamforming algorithm based on low-orbit distributed satellite cluster from point view of power isolation in the spatial domian.

zh-cn	算法中综合考虑卫星通信系统长传播时延导致的阵列导向矢量存在一定误差，在基于线性约束最小方差(LCMV)准则的自适应波束成形器中设计了考虑系统最恶劣误差情况的鲁棒性约束，
en-us	The proposed beamforming algorithm comprehensively consider the robust constraint design for the certain error in the array steering vector caused by the long propagation delay of the satellite communication system based on linearly constrained minimum variance(LCMV) criterion.

zh-cn	并采用泰勒级数逼近法求解波束成形器加权矢量。
en-us	A nonconvex beamforming optimization problem was relaxed to a second-order cone constraints(SOCP) problem.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明本文的鲁棒波束成形算法在卫星通信环境下适应度较高，能够有效地缓解高低轨卫星通信系统频率共享带来的同频干扰问题。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed robust beamforming algorithm is more adaptable in the satellite communication environment, and can effectively alleviate the problem of co-frequency interference caused by frequency sharing of dual-satellite communication systems.

zh-cn	研究了具有三个全双工源节点的协作通信系统，为提升系统有效性和可靠性，提出了两种信源间全双工协作通信的空时编码方案。
en-us	The cooperative communication system with three full duplex source nodes was studied. In order to improve the effectiveness and reliability of the system, two space-time coding schemes for full duplex cooperative communication between two sources were proposed.

zh-cn	将正交空时码理论应用其中，可以有效利用空间分集增益，抵抗多径衰落，提高系统性能。
en-us	The orthogonal space-time coding theory was applied to improve the performance of the system by effectively utilizing the spatial diversity gain, resisting multipath fading.

zh-cn	方案分为共享兼传输阶段与协作传输阶段。
en-us	The scheme was divided into sharing and transmission phase and cooperative transmission phase.

zh-cn	在共享兼传输阶段进行信源间的信息共享同时也会向目的节点发送信息，在协作传输阶段，源节点间形成虚拟MIMO向目的节点发送信息。
en-us	In the sharing and transmission phase, the information was shared between the sources and sent to the destination node. In the cooperative transmission phase, virtual MIMO was formed between the source nodes to send information to the destination node.

zh-cn	推导了系统各个接收端的中断概率，
en-us	The outage probability of each receiver was deduced.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，与现有源节点工作在半双工模式下的协作传输方案对比，该方案有效提升了吞吐量和中断概率性能，
en-us	The simulation results show that, compared with the traditional source node transmission scheme working in half duplex mode, the scheme can effectively improve the throughput and the outage probability performance.

zh-cn	在中断概率为10-3时，该方案有1.5 dB左右的信噪比增益，与无协作传输对比，该方案有约8 dB左右的信噪比增益。
en-us	At the same time, when the outage probability is 10-3, the scheme has a signal-to-noise ratio gain of about 1. 5 dB, and compared with the non-cooperative transmission, the scheme has a signal-to-noise ratio gain of about 8 dB.

zh-cn	传统相关滤波跟踪算法试图引入预定义的正则项，如抑制背景学习或限制相关滤波器的学习率来提高算法的鲁棒性，
en-us	Traditional correlation filter tracking algorithms try to introduce predefined regularization terms, such as restraining background learning or limiting the learning rate of correlation filter, to improve the robustness of the algorithm.

zh-cn	但在复杂场景下还是容易发生目标跟踪丢失，因为传统相关滤波跟踪算法没有关注相邻两帧之间的信息变化。
en-us	However, in complex scenes, target tracking loss is easy to occur, because the traditional correlation filter tracking algorithm does not pay attention to the information changes between two adjacent frames.

zh-cn	针对以上问题，本文提出专注学习时空关系的相关滤波跟踪算法，引入相邻两帧的响应图变化作为空间正则项权值的参考权重，而当前帧的响应图的振荡程度确定时间正则项权值，最后本文通过交替方向乘子法(ADMM)迭代优化本文的损失函数。
en-us	In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes a correlation filter tracking algorithm focusing on learning the spatial-temporal relationship. The change of the response graph of two adjacent frames is introduced as the reference weight of the weight value of the spatial regularization term, and the oscillation degree of the response graph of the current frame determines the weight value of the temporal regularization term.

zh-cn	通过在OTB-50、OTB-100和OTB-2013三个基准数据集上进行了实验，验证了本文算法在复杂场景下更具有鲁棒性。
en-us	Experiments on OTB-50, OTB-100 and OTB-2013 benchmark datasets show that the proposed algorithm is more robust in complex scenes.

zh-cn	为提高合成孔径雷达图像车辆目标的识别性能，本文提出一种SAR图像车辆目标多模态联合协同表示分类(Joint Multimode Cooperative Representation Classification，JMCRC)方法。
en-us	In order to improve the identification performance of vehicle targets in Synthetic Aperture Radar( SAR) images, this paper proposes a Joint Multimode Cooperative Representation Classification based Classification( JMCRC) method for SAR image vehicle targets.

zh-cn	首先采用二维变分模态分解技术将SAR图像分解为分别表征全局信息和边缘信息的多个子模态分量，接着提取各子模态的二维双向主成分分析((2D)2PCA)特征;
en-us	Firstly, Two Dimensional Variational Mode Decomposition is used to decompose SAR image into multiple sub-modal components representing global information and edge information respectively, and then extracting the twodimensional bidirectional principal component analysis(( 2 D)2 PCA) characteristics from each sub-modal;

zh-cn	其次将协同表示分类扩展为多模态联合协同表示分类，联合原始图像和各子模态的特征完成分类任务。
en-us	Secondly, the Cooperative Representation Classification was extended to the JMCRC, and the original image and features of each sub-mode were combined for the Classification task.

zh-cn	在MSTAR数据集和实测数据集上对所提方法进行了验证，结果表明该方法在标准操作条件(Standard Operating Condition，SOC)以及两种型号差异条件、俯仰角变化条件和样本不平衡条件中均取得更好的分类性能。
en-us	The proposed method is verified on the MSTAR dataset and a real recorded dataset, and the results show that the method proposed in this paper achieves better classification performance under the Standard Operating Condition( SOC), specific model recognition, depression angle variance and ample unbalanced experimental conditions.

zh-cn	针对宽带线性调频信号的采集、存储和传输困难问题，提出了一种基于α-随机解调器的线性调频信号模拟信息转换方法，有效降低信号采集频率与采样点数。
en-us	In order to solve the problem of acquisition, storage and transmission for linear frequency modulated(LFM) signals, a novel analog-to-information conversion method based on α-random demodulator is proposed. With the proposed system, both the sampling frequency and sample number can be reduced significantly during the compressive sampling.

zh-cn	首先，根据线性调频信号特点，提出了α-随机解调器的系统模型，用以完成对线性调频信号的压缩采样。
en-us	Utilizing the sparsity of LFM signals in fractional Fourier domain, the compressive sampling process was achieved by the proposed α-random demodulator.

zh-cn	然后，分析了α-随机解调器工作过程，建立了系统采样点与原始输入信号稀疏系数之间的联系，
en-us	Then, we analyzed the working process for α-random demodulator systematically. The relationship between system output and sparse vector of LFM signals was presented.

zh-cn	进而建立了α-随机解调器压缩观测数学模型。基于该模型，分析了稀疏系数精确重构条件以及原始信号重构模型。
en-us	And based on this relationship, we further established the mathematical reconstruction model for α-random demodulator to reconstruct the sparse vector of LFM signals.

zh-cn	最后，通过引入基于凸优化的信号重构算法，实现了对原始信号的准确重构。
en-us	Finally, the reconstruction was achieved by solving the convex optimization problem. And the accurate reconstruction for original signals is obtained.

zh-cn	仿真与实测实验结果表明，本文基于α-随机解调器的模拟信息转换方法能够有效实现线性调频信号的压缩采样与准确重构。
en-us	The effectiveness of the proposed scheme was verified by numerical experiments. We show that the proposed analog-to-information conversion method achieves the effective compressive sampling and accurate reconstruction for LFM signals.

zh-cn	线性调频连续波(LFMCW)雷达具有尺寸小、成本低、抗截获等优点，在近距离探测成像中具有独特优势。
en-us	Linear frequency modulation continuous wave radar has some advantages like small size, low cost, anti-interception and so on, which gives it unique superiority in short-range imaging.

zh-cn	但LFMCW雷达采用Dechirp接收体制，因此对发射信号的调频线性具有严格要求。
en-us	However, LFMCW radar adopts Dechirp receiving system, so it strictly requires the frequency modulation linearity of the transmitted signal.

zh-cn	而实际系统的非理想线性调频会导致距离压缩结果恶化，影响目标聚焦效果。
en-us	In the real systems, the nonlinear frequency modulation will deteriorate the range compression result and affect the focusing effect.

zh-cn	由于Dechirp后的残余误差的空变性，现有的基于信号处理的补偿方法难以兼顾补偿精度和计算效率。
en-us	Because of the spatial variability of residual error after Dechirp, existing signal processing correction methods are difficult to balance the compensation accuracy and calculation efficiency.

zh-cn	本文首先揭示了匹配滤波和Dechirp处理两种脉冲压缩处理方法之间的理论等效性。
en-us	This paper first reveals the theoretical equivalence between the matched filtering and Dechirp processing.

zh-cn	然后，基于这种等效原理，提出了一种基于频谱恢复的空变误差补偿方法。
en-us	Then, using this equivalent principle, a space-varying error compensation method based on spectrum restoration is proposed.

zh-cn	新方法通过对Dechirp信号进行预处理，恢复出原始回波信号频谱，再利用匹配滤波方式完成距离压缩处理，可以有效避免误差的空变补偿，实现对非线性调频误差的高效精确补偿。
en-us	The new method restored the original echo spectrum by preprocessing the Dechirp signal, and then used the matched filtering for range compression processing, which can effectively avoid the error compensation of the spatial variability and realize the efficient and accurate correction of the nonlinear frequency modulation error.

zh-cn	最后，通过仿真数据处理验证了理论分析的正确性和所提方法的有效性。
en-us	Finally, experimental results demonstrate the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed method.

zh-cn	为了缩减线性约束稳健自适应波束形成算法的计算量，使之能够应用于单快拍更新的实时信号处理应用场景，本文提出了一种基于单快拍更新和迭代梯度方法的线性约束稳健Capon波束形成快速算法，将原始算法的O(M3)时间复杂度优化到O(M2)级别。
en-us	In order to reduce the amount of calculation of the linearly constrained robust adaptive beamforming algorithm, so that it could be applied to the real-time signal processing application scenarios of single-snapshot updating, this paper proposed a fast algorithm for linearly constrained robust Capon beamforming( LCRCB) based on single-snapshot updating and iterative gradient method, with the time complexity optimized from O( M3) to O( M2).

zh-cn	该算法使用秩1更新维护算法所需的逆矩阵并计算波束加权值的线性约束部分，使用迭代梯度方法更新波束加权值的自适应部分，将两部分按照约束缩放后相加得到波束加权值。
en-us	The algorithm used rank-1 updating to maintain the required inverse matrix, calculated the linear constraint part of the weight, and used the iterative gradient method to update the adaptive part of the weight. The two parts are scaled and added according to the constraint to obtain the weight.

zh-cn	数值仿真表明该算法收敛快速，与原始算法有着几乎相同的性能。
en-us	Numerical simulation shows that the algorithm converges quickly and has almost the same performance as the original LCRCB.

zh-cn	交互式多模型算法(IMM)和基于模糊控制的交互多模型算法(FIMM)是实际中常用的目标跟踪算法，然而其模型集合固定，
en-us	The interacting multiple model algorithm(IMM) and fuzzy systems-based interacting multiple model algorithm(FIMM) are practical maneuvering target tracking algorithms with fixed model sets.

zh-cn	当需要大量模型覆盖目标机动时，会导致计算量激增，且过多模型可能带来不必要的模型竞争，降低跟踪性能。
en-us	When a large number of models are needed to cover all possible maneuver cases, it will lead to a surge in computation, and may even lead to unnecessary model competition, thus reducing the tracking performance.

zh-cn	针对这一缺陷，提出了一种基于模糊控制的改进自适应IMM算法(FAIMM)，采用一种模型概率的非线性映射处理方法实时筛选模型子集，剔除无用模型，增加有用模型的权重，
en-us	In view of this defect, an improved fuzzy-logic adaptive IMM algorithm(FAIMM) is proposed, which adopts a nonlinear mapping method of model probabilities to screen the subset of models in real time, eliminate useless models, and increase the weight of useful models.

zh-cn	并通过模糊推理机制自动调整过程噪声水平，使得算法对不同的目标机动模式具有更强的自适应能力。
en-us	Besides, it can adjust the process noise level automatically through a fuzzy system, so that the algorithm has stronger adaptive ability to different target maneuvering modes.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，提出的算法跟踪性能优于IMM算法以及FIMM算法，能够更好地匹配目标的机动模式。
en-us	Simulation results show that the tracking performance of the proposed algorithm is better than that of IMM and FIMM, and can match the target maneuvering mode better.

zh-cn	针对扩展目标高斯混合概率假设密度(extended target Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density，ET-GM-PHD)滤波器中的量测集划分问题，提出了一种改进的密度峰值聚类(improved density peak clustering，IDPC)量测集划分算法。
en-us	This paper proposes an improved density peak clustering(IDPC) measurement set partition algorithm to solve the problem of measurement set partition in the extended target Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density(ET-GM-PHD) filter.

zh-cn	首先，使用IDPC算法去除局部密度较低的杂波量测，以获得最有可能的目标生成的量测集。
en-us	Firstly, the IDPC algorithm removes the low local density clutter-generated measurements to obtain the most likely target-generated measurements.

zh-cn	其次，将剩余的量测集聚类以获得空间上紧密联系的聚类簇和簇的聚类中心。
en-us	Secondly, cluster the remaining measurements is able to obtain spatially close clusters and cluster centers.

zh-cn	最后，根据预测的具有较高权重的高斯分量的均值在每个簇上的投影，获得准确的量测集划分。
en-us	Finally, according to the projection of the mean vectors of the predicted Gaussian component with higher weight on each cluster, an accurately measurement set partition is obtained.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，与现有的量测集划分方法相比，该算法在保持跟踪精度的同时，可以大大减少计算时间。
en-us	The simulation results show that, compared with the existing measurement set partition methods, this proposed algorithm can greatly reduce the calculation time while maintaining tracking accuracy.

zh-cn	针对实际场景中存在的具有上下行双向传输任务的通信系统，本文提出了一种双向中继协作非正交多址接入(NOMA，non-orthogonal multiple access)传输方案，基于解码转发(DF，Decode and Forward)协议研究信号的上行和下行双向传输技术，
en-us	For the communication system with uplink and downlink bidirectional transmission task in the actual scene, this paper proposes a two-way relay cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) transmission scheme, which studies the uplink and downlink two-way transmission of signals based on decode and forward(DF) protocol.

zh-cn	与现有NOMA方案不同，本方案为近端用户分配较大的功率，利用网络编码(NC，network coding)原理在两个时隙内实现基站和用户之间的双向信息交换。
en-us	This scheme allocates more power to the near user which different from the existing NOMA schemes, and realizes bidirectional information exchange between base station and users by network coding(NC) principle.

zh-cn	进一步考虑不完美信道状态信息(CSI，Channel State Information)条件，分析系统的传输性能并推导了系统中断概率以及遍历和速率闭合表达式。
en-us	Further considering the imperfect channel state information(CSI) condition, the transmission performance of the system is analyzed, and the expressions of outage probability, ergodic sum rate are derived.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，在完美CSI和不完美CSI条件下，相比于现有文献所提方案、单向中继(OWR，One-Way Relay)和正交多址(OMA，Orthogonal Multiple Access)网络，本文所提方案有效降低了系统的传输中断概率，提高了系统的遍历和速率以及系统吞吐量。
en-us	Simulation results show that, compared with the scheme proposed in the existing literature, one-way relay(OWR)and orthogonal multiple access(OMA) networks, the proposed scheme can effectively reduce the transmission outage probability, improve the traversal rate and throughput of the system under perfect CSI and imperfect CSI conditions.

zh-cn	针对自组织麦克风网络，如何充分有效地利用多通道语音数据获得更好的语音分离性能是一个难题。
en-us	For ad-hoc microphones, it is a challenge that how to make the best of multichannel audio data to achieve better performance in multi-talker speech separation tasks.

zh-cn	本文介绍了一种新的多通道语音分离方法，通过引入压缩激励脊髓模块，在麦克风位置未知时，也能显式地学习潜在的通道关系，自适应地更新各个通道对应特征的权重，以增加少量的额外计算代价达到增强语音分离的效果。
en-us	This paper introduces a new multichannel speech separation method, i. e. , Squeeze-Excitation-Spinal(SES) module, which can explicitly learn latent channel-wise relationship and adaptively update the weights of each channel characteristics without knowing the positions of microphones in advance so that the enhanced effects of speech separation come at the least expense.

zh-cn	压缩激励脊髓模块通过将多通道的特征信息压缩到通道维度，获得全局通道依赖关系的表征，利用激活函数根据通道关系表征对瓶颈单元筛选出有价值的特征信息。
en-us	SES module obtains the representation of global inter-channel dependency by squeezing multichannel feature information into the channel dimension and uses activation functions to screen out valuable feature information based on the representation in a bottleneck unit.

zh-cn	瓶颈单元由脊髓网络组成，通过逐步输入的方式生成全局信息和重新配置权重，更有效地处理数据。
en-us	The bottleneck unit consists of spinal modules that generate global information and redistributes weights through step-by-step input.

zh-cn	本文在基于LibriSpeech仿真的多通道版本数据中进行实验，在评估指标SDR和SI-SDR上相比于单通道基线获得了明显的提升，并取得超越最先进的自组织麦克风多通道方法的效果。
en-us	We achieved significant improvements on the simulated multichannel LibriSpeech corpus in the evaluation metrics SDR and SI-SDR compared to the single-channel baseline, achieving results comparable to the state-of-the-art(SOTA) ad-hoc microphone multichannel approach.

zh-cn	为了减小低信噪比下干扰和噪声对跳频信号检测的影响，提出一种基于时频分析的多跳频信号盲检测算法。
en-us	In order to reduce the influence of interferences and noise on frequency hopping signal detection under low signal-to-noise ratio, a blind detection algorithm for multi-frequency hopping signals based on time-frequency analysis is proposed.

zh-cn	针对跳频信号、定频信号、高斯白噪声具有的不同时频分布特点，该算法利用短时傅里叶变换得到的时频图构造时频对消比;
en-us	Considering the different time-frequency distribution characteristics of frequency-hopping signals, fixed-frequency signals, and Gaussian white noise, the time-frequency cancellation ratio is constructed by using the time-frequency map which is acquired from short-time Fourier transform.

zh-cn	理论分析得到各信号的时频对消比是不同的，因此将其作为检测统计量，实现高斯白噪声背景下跳频、定频信号的盲检测。
en-us	It is used as the detection statistics because the value of the time-frequency cancellation ratio of each signal is different by the theoretical analysis, and the blind detection of frequency hopping and fixed frequency signals under the background of Gaussian white noise is achieved.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，本文算法具有抗噪声功率不确定性能; 与改进型功率谱对消法相比，本文算法在低信噪比环境下，具有更高的跳频信号和定频信号检测概率。
en-us	The simulation results shown that this algorithm has good robustness to noise power uncertainty, and compared with the improved power spectrum cancellation method, this algorithm has a higher detection probability of multi-frequency hopping and fixed frequency signals in a low SNR environment.

zh-cn	此方法也能实现存在定频信号、扫频信号和突发信号干扰的复杂电磁环境中跳频信号盲检测，当信干比为5 dB且跳频信号的检测概率达到100%时，本文算法比改进型功率谱对消法改善信噪比10 dB; 在干噪比为0. 05 dB时的虚警概率几乎为0。
en-us	This algorithm also can achieve the blind detection of multi-frequency hopping signals in a complex electromagnetic environment where the fixed-frequency signals、sweep signals and burst signals exist as jamming signals, it can improve the signal-to-noise ratio by 10 dB compared with the compared method, when the signal-to-interference ratio is 5 dB and the detection probability of frequency-hopping signals reaches 100%; and the false alarm probability is close to 0 when the interference-to-noise ratio is 0. 05 dB.

zh-cn	针对多径情况下存在一阶多普勒变化率的高动态二进制偏移载波(Binary Offset Carrier，BOC)信号捕获困难的问题，本文提出了基于部分匹配滤波器(Partial Matched Filter，PMF)和分数阶傅里叶变换(Fractional Fourier Transform，FRFT)相结合的多径情况下高动态BOC信号的捕获算法。
en-us	In order to solve the problem of difficult acquisition of high dynamic binary offset carrier(BOC) signal with first-order Doppler rate in multipath environment, this paper proposes a method based on partial matched filter(PMF) and fractional Fourier transform(FRFT) the acquisition algorithm of high dynamic BOC Signal in multipath environment is proposed.

zh-cn	该算法首先利用PMF对信号进行分段积分处理，
en-us	Firstly, the partial matched filter is used to process the signal by segments.

zh-cn	然后利用FRFT所具有的使不同的线性调频信号(Linear Frequency Modulated，LFM)在不同的FRFT域呈现能量聚集的特性确定直达信号，
en-us	Then, the direct signal is determined by using the characteristic of fractional Fourier transform that makes different LFM signals present energy aggregation in different fractional Fourier transform domains.

zh-cn	最后在直达信号所对应的最优FRFT域完成对BOC信号的捕获。
en-us	Finally, BOC signal is captured in the optimal fractional Fourier transform domain corresponding to the direct arrival signal.

zh-cn	该算法可以在确定直达信号的同时抑制除直达信号外的多径信号，
en-us	The algorithm can determine the direct signal and suppress the multipath signal except the direct signal.

zh-cn	通过仿真结果可知，该算法可以在信噪比为-7 dB的情况下实现对存在一阶多普勒变化率的多径BOC信号的捕获。
en-us	The simulation results show that the algorithm can achieve the acquisition of multipath BOC Signal with first-order Doppler change rate when the signal-to-noise ratio is-7 dB.

zh-cn	大脑能在较短的时间内以较高的准确率对物体、场景等进行识别;
en-us	Human's brain can recognize objects, scenes and other objects in a short time with high accuracy.

zh-cn	而现有的机器学习算法则可能因图像的微小变化而无法成功识别对象。这主要是因为现有的机器学习算法在识别过程中着重逐层从对象的低级特征提取高级特征，而不能从观察对象的图像中直接提取高级特征。
en-us	However, the existing machine learning algorithms may fail to recognize objects due to the slight changes in the image, mainly because existing machine learning algorithms focused on extracting high-level features from low-level features of objects layer by layer in the recognition process, and cannot extract high-level features directly from the images of observed objects.

zh-cn	故可建立模型，以Normalized Cross Correlation(NCC)算法对其特征匹配部分进行了区域匹配，通过建立类脑视觉识别记忆模型，对算法的速度、识别率以及对图像灰度变化的鲁棒性进行了仿真分析，验证了算法的可行性，为之后的识别算法提供新方向。
en-us	A algorithm using Normalized Cross Correlation(NCC) as the region matching part could be proposed which establishes a kind of brain visual recognition memory model simulates and analyzes the speed, the recognition rate and robustness of image gray level change in order to examine the feasibility of the proposed algorithm, and provide new directions for subsequent recognition algorithms.

zh-cn	针对传统干扰抑制方法对正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing，OFDM)信号带内多路单载波通信干扰抑制难度大的问题，本文提出了一种基于学习字典和符号同步信息的干扰抑制方法。
en-us	Aiming at the difficulty of traditional interference suppression methods for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) signal in-band multiple single-carrier communication interference suppression, an interference suppression method based on learning dictionary and symbol synchronization information was proposed.

zh-cn	根据不同通信信号之间形态成分的差异，使用K-奇异值分解(K-Singular Value Decomposition，K-SVD)算法对OFDM信号和多路干扰信号依次进行训练，得到符合各信号特征的过完备字典，确保各信号间的有效区分。
en-us	According to the difference of morphological components between different communication signals, the K-singular value decomposition(K-SVD) algorithm was used to train the OFDM signal and multiple interference signals in turn to obtain the over-complete dictionary that met the characteristics of each signal. To ensure the effective distinction between the signals.

zh-cn	在使用过完备字典对干扰信号进行稀疏分解时，先利用符号同步信息对干扰样本信号进行符号周期分段，再利用正交匹配追踪算法(Orthogonal Matching Pursuit，OMP)算法进行稀疏分解以提高不同符号周期内干扰信号的分解精度。
en-us	When the over-complete dictionary was used to sparsely decompose the interference signal, first used the symbol synchronization information to segment the interference sample signal, and then used the orthogonal matching pursuit(OMP) algorithm for sparse decomposition to improve the decomposition accuracy of interference signals in different symbol periods.

zh-cn	最后在接收端采用对消法依次对重构后的干扰信号进行抑制。
en-us	Finally, the cancellation method was used at the receiving end to sequentially suppress the reconstructed interference signals.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明所提方法可有效地对2PSK和MSK、2PSK和2FSK干扰模型进行抑制，相比于传统的频域置零法可有效提升系统性能。
en-us	The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively suppress the interference models composed of 2 PSK and MSK, 2 PSK and 2 FSK, and can effectively improve the system performance compared with the traditional frequency domain nulling method.

zh-cn	为预判民航导航设备在特定位置或时间达不到运行要求时，对信号覆盖造成的影响，以航路、扇区覆盖为例，设计并实现一套导航台站查询与信号覆盖评估系统。
en-us	In order to predict the influence of signal coverage when the civil aviation navigation equipment failed to meet the operation requirements at a specific location or time, a system of station query and signal coverage evaluation was designed and implemented by taking route and sector coverage as an example.

zh-cn	首先综合考虑视距传播、基站天线辐射距离、视线截止距离等因素得到信号覆盖范围;
en-us	Firstly, the signal coverage was obtained by considering the factors of the distance of sight propagation, the radiation distance of the base station antenna and the line of sight cut-off distance.

zh-cn	然后基于射线法和二分法等建立设备信号覆盖范围变化的量化评估算法，包括距离量算和面积量算;
en-us	Then, based on ray method and dichotomy method, the quantitative evaluation algorithm of equipment signal coverage change was established, including distance measurement and area measurement.

zh-cn	最后，对设备失效前后航路、扇区的信号覆盖变化情况包括覆盖距离和面积变化等进行量化评估，
en-us	Finally, the signal coverage changes of the route and sector before and after the equipment failure, including coverage distance or area change, were evaluated quantitatively.

zh-cn	并基于三维地理信息系统实现场景仿真，将覆盖变化情况三维可视化，生成评估报告，为设备故障应急处置和运行安全提供必要的数据支撑。
en-us	Meanwhile, the scene simulation was realized based on the 3 D geographic information system, and the coverage changes were visualized in three dimensions, then the evaluation report was generated, which provides necessary data support for emergency disposal and operation safety of equipment failure.

zh-cn	非负矩阵分解(Nonnegative Matrix Factorization，NMF)技术已经成为了高光谱解混领域研究的热点。
en-us	Nonnegative Matrix Factorization(NMF) had become a hot research topic in the field of hyperspectral unmixing.

zh-cn	但是如何有效地利用高光谱的空间和光谱信息仍然是一个难点，尤其在确定局部邻域时，往往会遇到结构固定等问题。
en-us	However, it was still difficult to make effective use of hyperspectral space and spectral information, especially when determining local neighborhood, structure fixation was often encountered.

zh-cn	针对以上问题，提出了一种基于自适应局部邻域加权约束的非负矩阵分解算法。
en-us	To solve the above problems, a non-negative matrix decomposition algorithm based on adaptive local neighborhood weighting constraint was proposed.

zh-cn	算法根据丰度的数据特点可以自适应确定给定像元的局部邻域，
en-us	The local neighborhood of a given pixel could be determined adaptively according to the data characteristics of the abundance.

zh-cn	算法中的权重充分地利用了给定像元和邻域内像元的空间和光谱信息，改善了高光谱解混的性能。
en-us	The weight of the algorithm made full use of the spatial and spectral information of the given pixel and the pixel in the neighborhood to improve the performance of hyperspectral unmixing.

zh-cn	论文采用梯度下降法推导出乘法迭代规则，为验证所提出的算法的有效性，利用Japser Ridge数据集和Urban数据集进行实验，并与其他经典方法进行对比，结果显示该方法具有更好的解混效果。
en-us	In this paper, the iterative rule of multiplication was derived by gradient descent method. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, Japser Ridge data set and Urban data set were used for experiments, and compared with other classical methods, the results showed that this method had better unmixing effect.

zh-cn	品质因数(FOM)是描述地基增强系统(GBAS)定位服务性能的重要参数，其适航符合性是指该参数达到相应适航标准。
en-us	The figures of merit(FOM) is an important parameter describing the positioning service performance of ground-based augmentation system(GBAS). Its airworthiness compliance means that the parameter meets the corresponding airworthiness standards.

zh-cn	本文基于航空无线电技术委员会(RTCA)等的相关标准，深入分析研究了FOM的含义及解算过程，
en-us	Based on the relevant standards of the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics(RTCA), the meaning and calculation process of FOM are deeply analyzed and studied.

zh-cn	在此基础上，结合中国民航GBAS适航的技术标准规定，给出了该参数适航符合性验证的方法、原理和流程，
en-us	On this basis, combined with the technical standards order of China Civil Aviation GBAS airworthiness, the method, principle and process of airworthiness compliance verification of this parameter are given.

zh-cn	并基于相应动力学环境和X-Plane采集的飞行数据，对A类机载GBAS接收机的FOM进行了符合性验证仿真。
en-us	And in accordance with the corresponding dynamic environment and the flight data collected by X-Plane, the FOM of Class A airborne GBAS receiver is simulated for compliance verification.

zh-cn	仿真结果及数据统计和分析表明，A类接收机的FOM满足适航性要求，与A类接收机有关FOM的适航标准吻合，证明所给品质因数适航符合性验证理论和方法的正确性。
en-us	The simulation results and data statistics and analysis show that the FOM of Class A receiver meets the airworthiness requirements and is consistent with the airworthiness standards of the Class A receiver related to the FOM, which proves the correctness of the given airworthiness compliance verification theory and method of figures of merit.

zh-cn	研究成果可为我国机载GBAS接收机的适航审定提供相应的理论和方法支持。
en-us	The research results can provide corresponding theoretical and methodological support for the airworthiness certification of Chinese airborne GBAS receivers.

zh-cn	目前，人脸美丽预测研究面临模型泛化能力欠佳、数据量不足、以及易于过拟合等问题。
en-us	At present, there exist some problems such as poor model generalization ability, insufficient data, and easy over-fitting in Facial Beauty Prediction research.

zh-cn	十字绣网络(Cross-Stitch Network)通过激活多个网络，进行端到端的学习，自动决定共享层，但忽略了图像信息主次问题。
en-us	Cross-Stitch Network automatically determines the shared layer by activating multiple networks for end-to-end learning, but it ignores the issue of image information priority.

zh-cn	因此，本文对十字绣网络进行改进，将其部分层网络更换为自注意力(Self-Attention)模块与长短时记忆(Long Short Term Memory，LSTM)模块，从而实现层与层之间、模块与模块之间的参数共享。
en-us	Therefore, this paper improves the Cross-Stitch Network, replacing part of its layer network with Self-Attention module and Long Short Term Memory(LSTM) module, to realize the parameter sharing between layers and between modules.

zh-cn	首先，进行图像预处理，包括统一尺寸、人脸对齐、图像增强、归一化和图像剪裁等;
en-us	Firstly, we perform image preprocessing, including uniform size, face alignment, image enhancement, normalization, and image cropping.

zh-cn	其次，初始化构建的改进十字绣网络，并将层与层之间的共享称之为“微共享”，将模块与模块之间的共享称之为“模块共享”;
en-us	Secondly, we initialize the constructed Improved Cross-Stitch Network, in which the sharing between layers is called “Micro-sharing”, and the sharing between modules is called “Module sharing”.

zh-cn	最后，对训练模型进行测试。
en-us	Finally, the trained model is tested.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，采用改进十字绣网络，人脸美丽预测取得63. 95%的准确率，高于常规方法最高准确率;
en-us	Experimental results show that by Improved Cross-Stitch Network, the accuracy of Facial Beauty Prediction is 63. 95%, higher than the highest accuracy rate by conventional methods.

zh-cn	为多任务学习提供了一种新思路。
en-us	Therefore, the Improved Cross-Stitch Network provides a new idea for Multi-task Learning.

zh-cn	NOMA(Non-orthogonal Multiple Access，NOMA)系统中的用户分簇策略对系统性能有着极大的影响。
en-us	The user clustering strategy in NOMA(Non-orthogonal Multiple Access, NOMA) system has a great impact on system performance.

zh-cn	该文主要研究NOMA下行链路的用户动态分簇问题，其目的是最大化系统总吞吐量。
en-us	This paper mainly studied the user clustering problem of NOMA downlink, and its main purpose was to maximize the total system throughput.

zh-cn	与大多数文章不同，该研究对簇中用户数以及簇个数都没有限制。
en-us	The difference from most previous articles was that this study did not limit the number of users in a cluster and the number of clusters.

zh-cn	遗传算法可用于优化NOMA网络中的用户动态分簇，但标准遗传算法存在收敛速度慢且容易陷入局部最优的问题。
en-us	The standard genetic algorithm can be used to optimize the dynamic clustering of users in the NOMA network, but it has the problem of slow convergence and easy to fall into local optimum.

zh-cn	基于此，该文将自适应调节参数的改进遗传算法用于用户的动态分簇，来改善上述问题。
en-us	Based on this, this paper used an improved genetic algorithm with adaptive adjustment parameters for dynamic clustering of users to improve the above problems.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该算法相比于穷举搜索能够有效降低求解复杂度，且系统性能明显优于固定簇分配算法及自适应配对策略下的系统性能。
en-us	The simulation results show that compared with exhaustive search, the algorithm can effectively reduce the complexity of the solution, and the system performance is significantly better than the system performance under the fixed cluster allocation algorithm and adaptive matching strategy.

zh-cn	针对彩色水印图像的盲提取算法抗几何攻击鲁棒性不强的问题，提出一种Baker映射与时空混沌相结合的轮廓波变换(Contourlet transform，CT)和QR分解双彩色强鲁棒盲水印算法。
en-us	In order to solve the problem that the blind extraction algorithm of color watermark image is not robust to geometric attacks, a dual-color robust blind watermarking algorithm based on contour wave transform(Contourlet transform) and QR decomposition based on Baker mapping and spatio-temporal chaos is proposed.

zh-cn	首先将彩色水印分离成RGB分量，对三个分量分别进行Baker映射与时空混沌相结合的预处理操作，
en-us	Firstly, the color watermark was separated into RGB components, and the three components were preprocessed by the combination of Baker mapping and spatio-temporal chaos,

zh-cn	然后对载体图像的RGB分量分别进行Contourlet变换，分块QR分解得到酉矩阵，
en-us	then the RGB components of the carrier image were transformed by Contourlet, and the block QR decomposition was used to get the unitary matrix.

zh-cn	最后根据嵌入规则将加密后的水印分通道的嵌入到酉矩阵中。
en-us	finally, according to the embedding rules, the encrypted watermark was embedded into the unitary matrix.

zh-cn	水印提取时利用Radon变换对图像进行几何校正可提高其几何攻击的鲁棒性。
en-us	When the watermark was extracted, the geometric correction of the image using Radon transform can improve the robustness of geometric attacks.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该算法不仅使嵌入水印后的图像具有良好的不可见性，而且能有效抵抗加噪、滤波、JPEG压缩、剪切、平移、旋转、马赛克、篡改等攻击，
en-us	Simulation results show that the algorithm not only makes the embedded watermark image invisible, but also can effectively resist noise, filtering, JPEG compression, cropping, translation, rotation, mosaic, tampering and other attacks.

zh-cn	NC值均在0.9以上，对组合攻击也有较强的鲁棒性。
en-us	The NC values are all above 0. 9. it also has strong robustness to combined attacks.

zh-cn	针对D2D中继通信中D2D设备电池容量受限问题，本文提出了一种逐步优化功率控制和中继选择从而最大化系统能量效率的方法。
en-us	Aiming at the limited battery capacity of D2 D devices in D2 D relay communication, this paper proposes a joint power control and relay selection optimization method to maximize system energy efficiency.

zh-cn	首先，在满足蜂窝链路最小数据速率的条件下，将功率控制问题建模为一个非线性规划问题，并求解出D2D发射机的最优发射功率;
en-us	First, under the condition that the minimum data rate of the cellular link is satisfied, the power control problem is modeled as a nonlinear programming problem, and the optimal transmission power of the D2 D transmitter is solved.

zh-cn	然后，分别利用发送节点与接收节点的邻域为半径建立节点均匀分布的球状模型;
en-us	Then, the neighboring nodes of the sending node and the receiving node are used respectively. The domain is the radius to establish a spherical model with uniform distribution of nodes.

zh-cn	其次，基于路径损耗相似性对节点进行k-means迭代聚类，并得到路径损耗最小节点的质心;
en-us	Secondly, based on the path loss similarity, the nodes are iteratively clustered by k-means, and the centroid of the node with the smallest path loss is obtained.

zh-cn	最后，将得到的质心作为中继节点进行D2D中继通信。
en-us	Finally, the centroid is used as a relay node for D2 D Following the communication.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，在保证高质量通信的条件下，本文提出的优化方法能够最大化系统的能量效率。
en-us	The simulation results show that the optimization method proposed in this paper can maximize the energy efficiency of the system under the condition of ensuring high-quality communication.

zh-cn	在室内指纹定位中，室内环境会影响以接收信号强度指标(Received Signal Strength Indicator，RSSI)或信道状态信息(Channel State Information，CSI)的指纹数据，使得采集指纹数据构建的数据库具有不稳定性和不可靠性的特点，从而影响定位准确率和精度。
en-us	In indoor fingerprint positioning, RSSI or CSI as fingerprint data would be affected by the environment, which results the database constructed by fingerprint data is unstable and unreliability, thus affecting the positioning accuracy.

zh-cn	基于此，本文提出了时间反演(Time Reversal，TR)联合到达时间(Time Of Arrival，TOA)测距的指纹定位技术。
en-us	This paper proposes a fingerprint positioning technology based on TR and TOA ranging.

zh-cn	首先在定位区域建立坐标系，离线阶段采集两个已知参考点至网格点的距离作为指纹构建数据库，以坐标距离作为指纹可以忽略环境对指纹数据的影响，进而提高定位准确率;
en-us	First, a coordinate system is established in the positioning area, and the distance from two known reference points to the grid point is collected in the offline phase as a fingerprint to build a database, using coordinate distance as fingerprint can ignore the influence of environmental fingerprint data and improve the accuracy of location;

zh-cn	其次，在线阶段通过TR技术的空时聚焦性联合TOA，测出距离作为新指纹，与距离指纹进行对比匹配，根据相似度得出目标点的位置坐标。
en-us	Second, the TR technology is used in the online phase, combined with TOA to estimate the distance from the reference point to the target point, then matching the fingerprints in database to get the location of the target point.

zh-cn	最后通过仿真结果得出：本方案实现了6 m的室内定位，并且定位误差在0. 44 m以内，
en-us	Finally, the simulation results show that this scheme achieved a accuracy below 0. 44 m within a 6 m.

zh-cn	对比传统指纹定位，减小了指纹数据复杂度，提高了系统的鲁棒性和定位精度。
en-us	Compared with traditional fingerprint positioning, the complexity is reduced and the positioning accuracy is improved.

zh-cn	针对免调度非正交多址接入(Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access，NOMA)系统，多用户传输场景的上行信道估计(Channel Estimation，CE)与活动用户检测(Active User Detection，AUD)问题可被建模为压缩感知重建问题。
en-us	For scheduling-free non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) systems, the uplink channel estimation(CE) and active user detection(AUD) issues in multi-user transmission scenarios can be modeled as the reconstruction problem of compressed sensing.

zh-cn	本文提出了一种改进的近似消息传递(Approximate Message Passing，AMP)算法——阈值自适应-加约束重加权-近似消息传递(Threshold Adaptive Constrained Reweighted Approximate Message Passing，TA-CR-AMP)算法来联合解决CE和AUD问题。
en-us	In view of the shortcomings of the existing compressed sensing algorithms, this paper proposes an improved Approximate Message Passing(AMP) algorithm-Threshold Adaptive Constrained Reweighted Approximate Message Passing(TA-CR-AMP) algorithm to combine Solve CE and AUD problems.

zh-cn	该算法在合适的迭代终止准则下，对AMP算法加入更新稀疏信号稀疏结构的操作，在此基础上对算法引入加约束的重加权，并令阈值自适应变化。
en-us	The algorithm adds the operation of updating the sparse structure of the sparse signal to the AMP algorithm under a suitable iteration termination criterion, and on this basis introduces a constrained heavy weighting to the algorithm, and makes the threshold adaptively change.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，与AMP算法相比，本文提出的算法以较低的复杂度获得了更加优越的信道估计和活跃用户检测性能。
en-us	The simulation results show that, compared with the AMP algorithm, the algorithm proposed in this paper obtains more superior channel estimation and active user detection performance with lower complexity.

zh-cn	另外，本算法获得了与更加复杂的期望最大-贝叶斯AMP(Expectation Maximization Bayesian Approximate Message Passing，EM-B-AMP)算法相近的性能。
en-us	In addition, the algorithm proposed in this paper has achieved similar performance to the more complex Expectation Maximization Bayesian Approximate Message Passing(EM-B-AMP) algorithm.

zh-cn	针对现有基于深度学习理论的信号智能检测方法大多只能对单信号或时频域不重叠的信号进行检测，本文提出了一种基于掩膜区域卷积神经网络(Mask R-CNN)与Criminisi算法的时频重叠多信号智能检测新方法。
en-us	In view of the existing intelligent signal detection methods based on deep learning theory, most of them can only detect single signal or signals which don't overlap in time-frequency domains. This paper proposes a new intelligent detection method based on Mask R-CNN and Criminisi algorithm for time-frequency overlapping multi-signals.

zh-cn	首先将一维时域信号通过时频变换得到二维时频图像。
en-us	First, the signal in the time domain is transformed into a time-frequency image.

zh-cn	然后针对时频图中多信号重叠部分像素位置信息缺失这一问题，提出了利用Criminisi算法对信号重叠部分像素位置信息进行恢复。
en-us	Then, to solve the problem of missing pixels' position information in the overlapping part of multiple signals in the time-frequency domain, the Criminisi algorithm to repair and fill the information is applied.

zh-cn	最后，基于缺失信息恢复后的图像使用Mask R-CNN进行训练，再用训练后的网络对未知信号进行检测。
en-us	Finally, Mask R-CNN is used for training the restored image, and used for detecting the unknown signals.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该方法在信噪比(SNR)为-3 dB时，时频域重叠信号的平均检测率达92%，相比基于卷积神经网络的信号检测方法，在SNR大于-3 dB时检测率平均提高20%以上。
en-us	Experimental results show that when the SNR is 0 dB, the average detection rate of overlapping signals in the time-frequency domain reaches 99%. Compared with the method based on convolutional neural network, the average detection rate is increased by more than 20%.

zh-cn	近年来，情感识别成为了人机交互领域的研究热点问题，而多模态维度情感识别能够检测出细微情感变化，得到了越来越多的关注多模态维度情感识别中需要考虑如何进行不同模态情感信息的有效融合。
en-us	In recent years, emotion recognition had become a hot research topic in the field of human-computer interaction, and multi-modal dimensional emotion recognition could detect subtle emotional changes, which had attracted more and more attention. In multi-modal emotion recognition, it was necessary to consider how to effectively integrate different modal emotion information.

zh-cn	针对特征层融合存在有效特征提取和模态同步的问题、决策层融合存在不同模态特征信息的关联问题，本文采用模型层融合策略，提出了基于多头注意力机制的多模态维度情感识别方法，分别构建音频模型、视频模型和多模态融合模型对信息流进行深层特征学习，最后放入双向长短时网络中得到最终情感预测值。
en-us	Aiming at the problem of effective feature extraction and modal synchronization in feature level fusion, and the correlation problem of different modal feature information in decision level fusion, this paper adopted a model level fusion strategy and proposes a multi-modal dimension emotion recognition method based on Transformer. Respectively constructed audio model, video model and multi-modal fusion model to learn the deep features of the information flow, and finally put it into Bi-directional Long Short Term Memory to obtain the final emotional prediction value.

zh-cn	所提方法相比于不同基线方法在激活度和愉悦度上均取得了最佳的性能，可以在高层维度对情感信息有效捕捉，进而更好的对音视频信息进行有效融合。
en-us	Compared with different baseline methods, the proposed method achieves the best performance in terms of arousal and valence, and could effectively capture emotional information in high-level dimensions, and thus better effectively integrate audio and video information.

zh-cn	为了进一步利用源文本数据来提高语音翻译的性能，本文提出了一种基于生成对抗网络的端到端语音翻译算法。
en-us	In order to further use the source text data to improve the performance of speech translation, this paper proposes an end-to-end speech translation algorithm based on a generative adversarial network.

zh-cn	通过加入判别网络来判断语音特征序列和文本特征序列的真伪，从而引导生成模型来学习文本真实序列的分布，以使语音序列特征分布更加逼近文本特征序列的分布。
en-us	By adding a discriminator network to judge the authenticity of the speech feature sequence and the text feature sequence, and guide the generation model to learn the distribution of the true sequence of the text, so that the feature distribution of the speech sequence can be closer to the distribution of the text feature sequence.

zh-cn	引入了Wasserstein GAN(WGAN)来计算语音特征序列和文本特征序列通过判别器的标量似然值的Earth-Mover(EM)距离，来解决语音特征序列和文本特征序列存在长度不一致的问题。
en-us	Wasserstein GAN( WGAN) is introduced to calculate the Earth-Mover( EM) distance of the scalar likelihood values of the speech feature sequences and text feature sequences through the discriminator to solve the problem that the speech feature sequences and text feature sequences have inconsistent lengths. The entire model complies with the training criteria of multi-task learning and adversarial learning.

zh-cn	整个模型遵从多任务学习和对抗学习的训练准则，本文在How2数据集上和MuSTC英中数据集上验证了本文提出算法的有效性，
en-us	This paper verifies the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm on the How2 dataset and the MuST-C English-Chinese dataset.

zh-cn	该方法可以显著提升翻译质量。
en-us	This method can significantly improve the translation quality.

zh-cn	本文研究空域协方差矩阵初始化对复高斯混合模型下的分布式语音分离性能的影响。
en-us	In this paper, the impact of the spatial covariance matrix(SCM) initialization on the performance of the distributed speech separation was studied under the complex Gaussian mixture model.

zh-cn	在不同节点的接收信号向量条件独立性假设前提下，推导出一种逐节点迭代更新所有接收信号向量对应的空域协方差矩阵和后验概率等参数的方法;
en-us	Based on the conditional independence assumption of the recordings of different nodes, the update of the SCM and the posterior probability corresponding to all received signals could be performed per node.

zh-cn	基于此，本文提出用基于到达角度的导向矢量的相关矩阵初始化每个节点对应的空域协方差矩阵;
en-us	Therefore, the SCM corresponding to each node was proposed to be initialized by the correlation matrix of the steering vector based on direction of arrival(DOA).

zh-cn	同时，为保证不同节点能协同工作，提出了一个基于到达角度自聚类的方法，以实现在不同节点上选出同一个说话人的到达角度组合。
en-us	Meanwhile, a DOA self-clustering method was proposed to find the combination of DOA corresponding to the same speaker from different nodes, which guaranteed that different nodes could cooperate.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，本文提出的分布式语音分离算法及其初始化方法在保证分离性能的同时，大幅度降低了集中式算法所需的计算复杂度，而且避免了排序问题。
en-us	The proposed distributed speech separation and its initialization method has lower computational complexity than the centralized algorithm and avoids the permutation problem. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

zh-cn	隐身飞机等起伏目标极大降低了雷达的检测概率。
en-us	Fluctuating targets reduce the detection probability of radar such as stealth aircraft greatly.

zh-cn	传统雷达采用非相干检测，但其检测性能已不足以对抗这类起伏目标。
en-us	Traditional radar adopts non-coherent detection, but its detection performance is not good enough to counter such fluctuating targets nowadays.

zh-cn	针对上述问题，将相干检测应用于起伏目标以提高雷达检测概率。
en-us	In response to the above problem, the coherent detection was applied to fluctuating targets to improve detection probability of radar.

zh-cn	基于重积分方程，以Swerling型起伏目标为例，推导了SwerlingⅠ、Ⅲ型起伏目标相干检测的检测概率计算公式。
en-us	Swerling fluctuating target models, for example, it is derived based on multiple integral equations the detection probability formula of coherent detection for Swerling Ⅰ and Ⅲ fluctuating target models in this paper.

zh-cn	仿真结果验证了理论推导公式的准确性，并对比非相干检测，分析了虚警概率和脉冲积累数与检测概率的关系，计算了两种检测方式对于起伏目标的起伏损失。
en-us	Simulation results verified the accuracy of the theoretical derivation formula, and then compared the non-coherent detection, analyzed the relation of detection probability with false alarm probability and the number of integrated pulses, and the fluctuation loss of two detection methods for fluctuating targets is also calculated.

zh-cn	采用相干检测，根据目标的起伏特性，选择最合适的起伏模型和脉冲积累数，可提高雷达检测概率。
en-us	According to the characteristics of fluctuating targets, by coherent detection, the radar detection probability will increase when select perfect fluctuating models and number of integrated pulses.

zh-cn	双基弧形阵列合成孔径雷达(Arc array Bistatic synthetic aperture radar，AA-BiSAR)是一种新型全方位观测阵列成像雷达系统，其成像范围大、数据收集速率快且不易被侦测。
en-us	Arc array Bistatic synthetic aperture radar(AA-BiSAR) is a novel imaging system for full azimuth observation, which can obtain high data acquisition efficiency and reduce vulnerability of arc-array monostatic SAR.

zh-cn	然而，在弧形阵列SAR模式中，双基弧形阵列SAR天线特殊的圆弧型结构，回波信号的二维频谱难以用传统的驻定相位原理进行解析。
en-us	Due to the special arc antenna configuration of AA-BiSAR, it is difficult to have access to the two-dimensional frequency spectrum for AA-BiSAR via the principle of stationary phase(POSP).

zh-cn	针对以上问题，本文引入隐函数的思想，
en-us	In view of the above problems, the method of implicit function is introduced into AA-BiSAR in this paper.

zh-cn	将驻定相位点视为多普勒频率的一个隐函数，在对隐函数方程进行求导后运用代数运算求解出该驻相点，
en-us	The stationary phase can be considered as an implicit function of the Doppler frequency, and after deriving the implicit function equation, the stationary point can be solved by algebraic operation.

zh-cn	从而可以直接利用驻定相位原理来推导出双基弧形阵列SAR的二维频谱，
en-us	On that account, the 2-D spectrum can be directly obtained by using the principle of stationary phase.

zh-cn	并基于此频谱研究了一种适用于双基弧形阵列SAR的高分辨率成像处理方法，
en-us	On the basis of the previously obtained spectrum, an imaging algorithm based on the derived spectrum is developed for AA-BiSAR.

zh-cn	最后点目标的仿真结果验证了结论的正确性与该成像方法的有效性。
en-us	The numerical simulation results of point target demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the approach.

zh-cn	针对阶数为3×2p的非标准调制与纠错编码难以匹配的问题，提出了一种面向6阶正交幅度调制(QAM)的双层编码调制传输方案。
en-us	Considering the problem of matching the non-standard modulation with the order of 3×2p and error correction code, a two-level coded modulation transmission scheme for 6-order quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM) is proposed.

zh-cn	在发送端，采用有限域GF(2)低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码与GF(3) LDPC码进行分层编码，并将两种编码码字映射为6进制码字后进行6-QAM调制;
en-us	At the transmitter, the Galois field GF(2) low-density parity-check(LDPC) code and GF(3) LDPC code were used for layered encoding, and the two kinds of LDPC codewords were mapped to senary codewords for 6-QAM modulation.

zh-cn	在接收端，根据GF(2) LDPC码和GF(3) LDPC码的译码顺序，设计了两种双层迭代译码方法。
en-us	At the receiver, two-level iterative decoding methods were designed according to the decoding order of GF(3) LDPC code and GF(2) LDPC code.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，在加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)信道下，执行一次整体迭代译码时，先执行GF(3) LDPC码译码的6-QAM分层编码调制方案比先执行GF(2) LDPC码译码的方案获得了更优的误符号率(SER)性能;
en-us	Simulation results show that, under the additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN) channel, performing an overall iterative decoding, the coded modulation scheme for 6-QAM which performs GF(3) LDPC decoding first achieves better decoding performance than the scheme which performs GF(2) LDPC decoding first.

zh-cn	随着迭代次数增加，纠错性能可获得进一步改善。
en-us	As the number of iterations increases, the error correction performance can be further improved.

zh-cn	比较6-QAM与6阶相移键控(6-PSK)调制，若先执行GF(3) LDPC码译码，当SER为10-5时，6-QAM结合双层LDPC码的传输方案在AWGN信道下可获得约1. 3 dB的增益。
en-us	Comparing 6-QAM with 6-order phase shift keying(6-PSK), if performing GF(3) LDPC decoding first, the transmission scheme combining 6-QAM and two-level LDPC codes can obtain about 1. 3 dB gain under the AWGN channel at SER of 10-5.

zh-cn	针对实际复杂交通场景中毫米波雷达能从单目标上获得多个量测导致广义标签多伯努利(δ-Generalized labelled multi-Bernoulli，δ-GLMB)滤波算法的多目标跟踪结果中出现单目标有多条轨迹等问题，提出了一种在δ-GLMB跟踪结果的基础上加入自适应门限判定的改进算法。
en-us	In actual complex traffic scenarios, millimeter-wave radar can obtain multiple measurements from a single target, which can lead to multi-target tracking results of the δ-Generalized labelled multi-bernoulli(δ-GLMB) filtering algorithm may appear multiple trajectories for a single target. To address these issues, an improved algorithm with adaptive threshold determination based on δ-GLMB tracking results was proposed.

zh-cn	首先，通过δ-GLMB滤波器对场景中目标进行跟踪，然后通过自适应门限判定方法实现目标多余轨迹点的删除和属于同目标的轨迹的标签统一。
en-us	Firstly, targets in the scene were tracked by a δ-GLMB filter. Then, using the adaptive threshold determination method to make the redundant track points of the target were deleted and the labels belonging to the same target were unified.

zh-cn	本文使用77 GHz毫米波雷达对实际交通场景的监测数据进行了实验，
en-us	In this paper, 77 GHz millimeter-wave radar was used to conduct experiments on the monitoring data of actual traffic scenes.

zh-cn	结果表明本文提出的方法在目标个数估计准确率上有显著提高，对实际交通数据的鲁棒性更好。
en-us	The results show that the method proposed by this paper has a significant improvement in the accuracy of target number estimation and is more robust to actual traffic data.

zh-cn	针对战场无线网络全域开放性、广播特性以及实时移动性等特征带来的通信系统安全隐患，为保障战场网络内消息的安全有效传输，本文通过对物理层信号的安全分析研究，结合变换域通信手段与经典加密方法，在信道共享密钥的基础上提出了一种基于MP-WFRFT的保密增强安全方案。
en-us	Aiming at the communication system security risks caused by the characteristics of battlefield wireless network, such as global openness, broadcasting characteristics and real-time mobility, to ensure the safe and effective transmission of messages in the battlefield network, In this paper, combining transform domain communication method with classical encryption method, a secure enhancement scheme based on MP-WFRFT and the Shared channel key is proposed.

zh-cn	通过建立物理层安全加密模型，给出了信道探测与共享密钥生成方法，在扰乱星座方案加持下利用MP-WFRFT多加密参数的混合载波调制对传输信号星座进行扰乱处理。
en-us	By establishing the physical layer secure encryption model, the channel detection and Shared key generation methods are given and mixed carrier modulation based on MP-WFRFT multi-encryption parameter is used to distort the signal constellation under the perturbation constellation scheme.

zh-cn	仿真分析表明，本方案能够提升战场无线网络内信号的星座熵，并且在系统误码率性能上相较以往方案存在大幅度提升，为战场无线网络整体性能提升提供了一种新型方案。
en-us	Simulation analysis shows that, this scheme can improve the constellation entropy of the signal in the battlefield wireless network. In addition, the bit error rate performance of the system has been greatly improved compared with the previous schemes, it will provide a new scheme for improving the overall performance of battlefield wireless network.

zh-cn	针对使用稀疏均匀线阵(SULA)进行波达方向角(DOA)估计时会出现模糊的问题，本文根据SULA模糊角与阵列旋转角度之间的非线性关系，证明出一种旋转模糊对消准则。
en-us	The DOA(Direction of Arrival) estimation for SULA(Sparse Uniform Linear Array) has ambiguity problem. Aiming that, according to the non-linearity between ambiguous directions and array rotation, a rotatory ambiguity cancelling theorem was proved.

zh-cn	准则表明，SULA阵元间距和旋转角度满足特定关系时，其转动前后的模糊角在同一坐标系下不互相重合。
en-us	The theorem reveals that when the element spacing and rotatory angle satisfy certain constraint, the ambiguities before and after the rotation will not overlap in the same coordinate system.

zh-cn	基于该准则，本文进一步提出多重联合MUSIC(MJ-MUSIC)解模糊方法。该方法使用稀疏X形阵列的夹角代替了SULA的旋转，使虚假峰相互交错，
en-us	Based on the theorem, a MJ-MUSIC(Multiple-Joint MUSIC) method was further proposed for applying on a sparse X-shaped array, which replaces the SULA rotation with its included angle and staggers the ambiguities.

zh-cn	并通过联合X形阵两臂上的接收信号，进一步增加真实峰与虚假峰之间的差值，提高了DOA解模糊的正确率，
en-us	By combining the received signals from both arms of the array, the difference between actual peaks and spurious ones can be amplified, which leads to better estimation correct rate.

zh-cn	仿真实验验证了旋转模糊对消准则与MJ-MUSIC方法的正确性和有效性。
en-us	Simulation results demonstrate that the correctness and effectiveness of proposed theorem and MJ-MUSIC method.

zh-cn	针对训练样本量少导致高光谱图像分类精度低的问题，本文提出了一种基于字典优化的联合稀疏表示高光谱图像分类方法。
en-us	Aiming at the problem of low training sample size leading to low classification accuracy of hyperspectral images, this paper proposes a joint sparse representation hyperspectral image classification method based on dictionary optimization.

zh-cn	首先，采取基于层次聚类的波段选择方法降低高光谱图像数据维度;
en-us	First, the band selection method based on hierarchical clustering is adopted to reduce the dimensionality of hyperspectral image data;

zh-cn	其次，结合空间信息将高光谱数据划分为多个子集，利用已知标签信息的训练样本标记各个子集中可能成为训练样本的像元，
en-us	second, the hyperspectral data is divided into multiple subsets based on spatial information, and training samples with known label information are used to mark each subset that may become training samples.

zh-cn	组成训练样本备选集，根据光谱相似度准则筛选备选集得到优化字典;
en-us	Pixels form a candidate set of training samples, and the candidate set is filtered according to the spectral similarity criterion to obtain an optimized dictionary;

zh-cn	最后，将优化字典用于联合稀疏表示对高光谱图像进行分类。
en-us	finally, the optimized dictionary is used to classify hyperspectral images through joint sparse representation.

zh-cn	通过Indian Pines数据集和Pavia University数据集仿真实验表明，本文提出的分类算法能够有效提高高光谱图像分类精度。
en-us	The simulation experiments of Indian Pines dataset and Pavia University dataset show that the classification algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively improve the classification accuracy of hyperspectral images.

zh-cn	弹道目标在中段飞行的过程中，存在平动和微动两种运动方式。
en-us	During the mid-flight of the ballistic target, there are two movement modes: translational and micro-movement.

zh-cn	由于平动会破坏微多普勒结构，为了获得目标的相关参数以便对目标进行识别，需要对平动分量进行补偿。
en-us	Since translation will destroy the micro-Doppler structure, in order to obtain the relevant parameters of the target in order to identify the target, the translation component needs to be compensated.

zh-cn	针对该问题，本文提出了一种基于Shi-Tomasi角点检测算法的弹道中段目标平动补偿方法。
en-us	Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a method of compensation for the mid-trajectory target translation based on the Shi-Tomasi corner detection algorithm.

zh-cn	该算法从图像处理的角度出发，可以有效的提取出图像中的角点信息。
en-us	From the perspective of image processing, this algorithm can effectively extract the corner information in the image.

zh-cn	之后，根据得到的角点信息进行回归分析，从而实现平动参数的估计。
en-us	Afterwards, regression analysis is performed according to the obtained corner point information to realize the estimation of translational parameters.

zh-cn	根据仿真实验结果，该算法可以实现平动分量的补偿并具有较好的鲁棒性。
en-us	According to the results of simulation experiments, the algorithm can realize the compensation of translational component and has better robustness.

zh-cn	近年来出现并迅猛发展的深度伪造(DeepFake)技术深刻改变了多媒体内容伪造的方式和水平，给网络空间内容安全带来了新的严峻挑战。
en-us	DeepFake technology, which has emerged and been developed rapidly in recent years, has profoundly changed the way and level of multimedia content forgery, posing new and severe challenges to content security in cyberspace.

zh-cn	本文主要关注深度伪造中危害最大的视频换脸伪造，提出基于I3D(Inception3D)网络的眼部与口部双流检测方法。
en-us	This paper mainly focuses on the most harmful video face-swapping forgery among the deep forgeries, and proposes a two-stream detection method jointly exploiting eye and mouth artifacts based on the I3D(Inception3D) net.

zh-cn	首先，针对现有大多数伪造检测方法忽略了视频中重要的时间信息的问题，将目前常用的仅具备空域感受能力的2D卷积拓展为I3D卷积，赋予网络同时感受空域和时域信息的能力。
en-us	Firstly, considering most of the existing forgery detection methods do not take into account the important time information in video and the current common 2D convolution merely has the spatial domain perception ability, we propose to use the I3D convolution, enabling the network with the ability to simultaneously learn spatial and temporal domains artifacts.

zh-cn	同时，通过调整I3D网络结构使其从原有的多分类任务设计改进为更适合换脸取证二分类任务的高效网络。
en-us	Meanwhile, through adjusting the I3D network structure, it could be improved from the original multi-classification task design to an efficient network that is more suitable for the binary classification task in DeepFake forensics.

zh-cn	进一步，考虑到视频换脸操作中眼部和口部区域伪造难度更大也更容易留下篡改痕迹的特点，提出基于这两个区域的双流网络结构，最终利用双流输出结果实现协同决策。
en-us	Furthermore, considering the characteristics that the forgeries in eye and mouth areas are more complicated and it is easier for these areas to leave tampering artifacts, a two-stream network structure based on these two areas is proposed, and the two-stream output results are finally used to form a collaborative decision.

zh-cn	通过在Celeb-DF、DFDC、DeepFakeDetection、FaceForensics++等目前常用数据集上的广泛实验，结果表明本文提出的方法在检测准确性和效率上较目前最先进的Xception和标准I3D网络均得到显著提升。
en-us	Via extensive experiments on commonly used databases including Celeb-DF, DFDC, DeepFakeDetection, and FaceForensics++, the results verify that the detection accuracy and computational efficiency of the method proposed in this paper are substantially improved compared with the state-of-the-art Xception and standard I3D networks.

zh-cn	针对多跳工业无线传感器网络中物理层安全窃听攻击问题，研究了一种反馈Stackelberg博弈功率控制(Feedback Stackelberg Game Power Control，FSPC)方案。
en-us	To solve the problem of physical layer security in industrial wireless sensor networks, a feedback Stackelberg game power control(FSPC) scheme is studied.

zh-cn	基于提高一跳内安全速率，通过付费方式激励目的节点提供协同干扰服务，利用Stackelberg博弈模拟发送节点和目的节点的交互行为。
en-us	Based on improving the security rate in one hop, encourage the destination node to provide cooperative jamming service by paying, where the Stackelberg game is used to simulate the interaction between the sending node and the destination node.

zh-cn	基于提高多跳主干网安全速率，发送节点效用引入反馈代价函数，以减小跳间安全速率的波动性。
en-us	Based on improving the security rate of multi-hop backbone network, the feedback cost function is introduced to reduce the fluctuation of the security rate between connected hops.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，相比于其他未引入反馈代价函数的博弈功率控制算法，本文方案能更有效地保证数据在主干网中的传输安全性。
en-us	The simulation results show, compared with other game power control algorithms without introducing feedback cost function, the proposed FSPC scheme can be more effectively to ensure the security of data transmission in the backbone network.

zh-cn	在多输入多输出(Multiple input multiple output，MIMO)雷达中，针对运动目标所产生的信号变化易受多径效应和杂波环境的影响，导致运动目标检测性能不理想的问题，提出了一种基于时间反演(Time Reversal，TR)的优化方案。
en-us	In the multiple input multiple output(MIMO) radar, aiming at the problem that the signal changes caused by moving targets are easily affected by multipath effect and clutter environment, an optimization scheme based on time reversal is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，利用时间反演的空时聚焦性，减少多径效应对目标信号的影响，同时使运动目标产生的信号能量聚焦，不易淹没在杂波环境中;
en-us	Firstly, the space-time focusing property of time reversal is used to reduce the influence of multipath effect on the target signal, and the signal energy generated by the moving target is focused, which is not easy to be submerged in the clutter environment;

zh-cn	其次，通过奈曼皮尔逊准则设计检测算法并计算出检测概率的近似计算公式;
en-us	secondly, the detection algorithm is designed by the Neyman Pearson criterion and the approximate calculation formula of detection probability is calculated;

zh-cn	最后仿真结果表明：在杂波环境具有相同信噪比情况下，所提方案比传统MIMO的检测方法有较好的性能提升。
en-us	finally, the simulation results show that the signal-to-noise ratio is the same in the clutter environment the proposed scheme has better performance than the traditional MIMO detection methods.

zh-cn	针对现有自适应陷波器频率估计方法结构复杂、抗噪性弱、结果有偏的问题，提出频率无偏估计的有限冲激响应自适应陷波器方法。
en-us	In order to solve the problems that frequency estimation method based on adaptive notch filter(ANF) are complicated, biased, and unstable under noise condition, an unbiased frequency estimation method based on FIR-ANF is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法首先以结构较为简单的FIR自适应陷波器为基础，在分析其误差函数性能的基础上，提出频率估计的迭代递推计算式，提升频率估计的收敛性能;
en-us	Firstly, based on simply structure of FIR-ANF, the iterative recursive formulas of frequency estimation are proposed to improve the convergence performance after the analysis of error function performance;

zh-cn	其次，对该频率估计迭代递推计算式进行偏差分析，在分析出偏差产生的原因后，对其进行偏差补偿，提高该方法频率估计精度，获得无偏的频率估计结果;
en-us	Secondly, the bias analysis of the iterative recursive formulas of frequency estimation is carried out to confirm the deviation compensation item, which should be important for obtaining unbiased frequency estimation results.

zh-cn	最后，对所提方法进行计算分析，验证所提FIR频率估计方法在收敛性、抗噪性和无偏性等方面的有效性。
en-us	Finally, the proposed method is calculated and analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed FIR-ANF frequency estimation method in terms of convergence, anti-noise performance and unbiasedness.

zh-cn	本文针对单一特征目标相关滤波算法因光照变化、目标遮挡、低分辨率和运动模糊等导致目标跟踪的稳定性较差的问题，提出了一种将多种特征进行自适应融合的跟踪算法。
en-us	Aiming at the problem of poor target tracking stability caused by single-feature target-related filtering algorithms due to illumination changes, target occlusion, low resolution, and motion blur, this paper proposes a tracking algorithm that adaptively fuses multiple features.

zh-cn	本文算法在FDSST算法的基础上，自适应融合梯度直方图特征HOG(Histogram of Oriented Gradient)、颜色名特征CN(Color Name)和灰度特征来增强特征的表达能力;
en-us	Based on the FDSST algorithm, the algorithm in this paper adaptively fuses gradient histogram features, color name features and grayscale features to enhance the expressive ability of features;

zh-cn	提出遮挡判断策略，能够有效的判断跟踪过程中的目标遮挡现象;
en-us	proposes an occlusion judgment strategy, which can effectively determine the occlusion phenomenon of targets in the tracking process;

zh-cn	引入目标重定位机制，在发生目标遮挡或干扰时，能够重新定位目标位置，有效的抑制跟踪漂移现象的产生。
en-us	introduce targets The relocation mechanism can relocate the target position when the target is blocked or interfered, effectively suppressing the occurrence of tracking drift.

zh-cn	最后，本文选取OTB50和OTB100作为实验数据集，将本文算法和选取的六种主流算法进行性能比较。
en-us	Finally, this paper selects OTB50 and OTB100 as the experimental data sets, and compares the performance of the algorithm proposed in this paper with the selected six mainstream algorithms.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，本文算法在光照变化、运动模糊和目标遮挡等情况下的表现具有较高的稳定性和准确性; 在成功率和跟踪精确度上都优于其他六种算法。
en-us	The experimental results show that the algorithm in this paper has high stability and accuracy under the conditions of illumination changes, motion blur and target occlusion; it is better than the other six algorithms in success rate and tracking accuracy.

zh-cn	相干目标的波达方向估计一直是雷达信号处理中的一个难题。
en-us	The direction of arrival(DOA) estimation of coherent targets has always been a difficult problem in the field of radar signal processing.

zh-cn	为了获得更好的相干信号角度估计精度，并提高算法可实现性，在多输入、多输出雷达的基础上，提出一种极化平滑降维酉旋转不变性参数估计算法。
en-us	In order to obtain better angle estimation accuracy for coherent signals and improve the achievability of the algorithm, a polarization smoothing and dimensionality reduction unitary estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance(ESPRIT) technique is proposed on the basis of multi-input and multi-output radar.

zh-cn	首先通过降维矩阵对接收信号数据进行降维处理，然后利用降维后的接收数据构造中心复共轭对称矩阵，再构建适当的酉矩阵对其进行实值处理，然后对其进行极化平滑解相干处理，最后构造出实值旋转不变性方程估计目标的波达方向。
en-us	First, reduce the dimension of the received signal data through the dimension reduction matrix, then use the reduced dimension to construct the central complex conjugate symmetric matrix, and then construct an appropriate unitary matrix to perform real-value processing, and then polarize and smooth it Solve the coherent processing, and finally construct a real-value rotation invariance equation to estimate the direction of arrival of the target.

zh-cn	相比于常规的极化平滑旋转不变性参数估计算法，本文所提极化平滑降维酉旋转不变性参数估计算法的相干信号角度估计精度更高、更利于工程实现。
en-us	Compared with the conventional polarization smoothing rotation invariance parameter estimation algorithm, the polarization smoothing dimensionality reduction unitary rotation invariance parameter estimation algorithm proposed in this paper not only has higher coherent signal angle estimation accuracy and lower robustness, but also has Lower the amount of calculation and more conducive to engineering realization.

zh-cn	第5节通过仿真实验证明了该算法的有效性与真实性。
en-us	The fifth section uses MATLAB software to simulate the proposed algorithm and the comparison algorithm. The simulation experiment proves the validity and authenticity of the algorithm.

zh-cn	为了提高盲源分离(blind source separation，BSS)算法在混响和噪声环境下的鲁棒性，提出了一种适用于欠定情况下用于卷积混合信号的盲源分离算法。
en-us	To improve the robustness of the blind source separation algorithm in the presence of reverberation and noise, a blind source separation method for convolutional mixed signals under underdetermined conditions is proposed in this work.

zh-cn	在该算法中，利用高混响环境下混合模型即使在时频(time-frequency，TF)域中仍具有卷积特性，
en-us	Due to the high reverberation, the mixing model presents convolution property even in the time-frequency(TF) domain.

zh-cn	并结合房间冲激响应(room impulse response，RIR)的统计规律，将时频域中的瞬时模型扩展到更适合高混响环境的卷积模型，进而构建一欠定盲源分离优化问题，最后，采用交替方向乘子法(alternating direction method of multipliers，ADMM)优化框架来求解该问题。
en-us	By using the characteristics of room impulse response, the instantaneous model in the TF domain is extended to a convolution model is more suitable for high reverberation environments, Based on the convolution model in the TF domain, a joint optimization problem of blind source separation is developed, and the resulting optimization problem is solved via an alternating optimization framework where the alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM) is devised.

zh-cn	仿真实验结果表明，在混响环境下，本文提出的基于卷积模型的盲源分离算法与现有盲源分离算法相比，具有非常明显的性能优势。
en-us	The results of simulation experiments show that the performance of the convolution model in the reverberation environment outperforms the instantaneous model, which verifies the effectiveness of the convolution model in the TF domain.

zh-cn	针对传统的变换域通信系统多址干扰严重，抑制用户数和误码率性能的问题，提出了一种分区方法降低多址干扰，适用于大规模变换域多址通信。
en-us	In view of the serious multi-access interference in traditional transform domain communication systems(TDCS), which can suppress the performance of users and bit error rate, a partition multi-access interference reduction method is proposed, which is suitable for large-scale transform domain multi-access communication.

zh-cn	提出多用户的区域划分方法，将用户分为区内用户和干扰较小的区外用户，并推导出误码率计算公式;
en-us	Firstly, an evenly division method is proposed divide users into inner partition users and outer partition users which respectively contributes to performance improvement of spectral efficiency and bit error rate, and the formula of bit error rate is derived.

zh-cn	提出分区向量计算方法，引入CAN算法，提高分区向量的自相关性;
en-us	Then, the partition vector calculation method is proposed which introduce CAN algorithm to improve the auto-correlation of the partition vector and further reduce bit error rate.

zh-cn	从频谱效率和高斯信道下的误码率等角度，分析该方法的总体性能，并给出分区向量最优长度的计算方法。
en-us	Last, the overall performance of the method is analyzed from the aspects of spectral efficiency and bit error rate under Gaussian channel, and the optimal length of the partition vector is given.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该方法能较大程度地扩充用户数，保证误码率在一定范围以内，并且频谱效率较高。
en-us	Simulation results show that as the number of users increases, this method can ensure the bit error rate within a certain range and the spectrum efficiency stable. Therefore, this method can effectively increase the number of users of TDCS.

zh-cn	迭代软阈值学习算法(Learned Iterative Soft-Thresholding Algorithm，LISTA)将迭代软阈值算法(Iterative Soft-Thresholding Algorithm，ISTA)展开为递归前馈神经网络优化稀疏恢复的求解。
en-us	Learned iterative soft-thresholding algorithm(LISTA) expands the iterative soft-thresholding algorithm(ISTA) into a recursive feedforward neural network to optimize the solution of sparse recovery.

zh-cn	针对LISTA单次迭代只依赖于前一迭代点限制算法收敛速率的问题，本文提出了一种引入多状态记忆机制的迭代软阈值学习算法(Learned Iterative Soft-Thresholding Algorithm with Multi-state Memory Mechanism，LISTA-MM)。
en-us	To address the problem that each iteration in LISTA only relies on the previous iteration point resulting in the limitation of convergence rate, this paper proposes a learned soft-thresholding algorithm with multi-state memory mechanism(LISTA-MM). This method improves LISTA based on the first-order iterative fixed-step algorithm and sets the state connection degree.

zh-cn	该算法基于一阶迭代固定步长算法对LISTA进行改进，设置状态连接度数，选择性地组合多个先前迭代点的稀疏信息，确保了迭代过程中信息被正确传递并充分利用，进而加快了算法的收敛速度。
en-us	This algorithm selectively combines the sparse information of several previous iteration points, ensures that the sparse information is transferred correctly and fully utilized during the iteration, and thus speeds up the convergence speed of the algorithm.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，LISTA-MM在保证稀疏恢复精度的同时有效提高了收敛速度。
en-us	The experimental results show that LISTA-MM not only ensures the precision of sparse recovery, but also effectively improves the convergence rate of sparse recovery.

zh-cn	此外，本文将LISTA-MM扩展为卷积形式，并探索其在图像超分辨率中的应用，
en-us	In addition, this paper extends LISTA-MM into a convolution manner and explores its application in image super-resolution.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，基于LISTA-MM的网络在图像质量评价指标和可视化效果上均优于其他网络，重构图像具有与原始图像相近的清晰细节纹理。
en-us	The experimental results show that the LISTA-MM based network is superior to other networks in both image quality evaluation and visualization effect, and the reconstructed images have clear and detail texture closing to the original image.

zh-cn	缩减尾流间隔提升跑道容量是应对航空交通流量迅猛发展、缓解机场拥堵和延误的有效手段。
en-us	Increasing runway capacity by reducing wake separation was an effective way to deal with the rapid development of air traffic flow and alleviate airport congestion and delay.

zh-cn	传统的方法在分析尾流间隔缩减对跑道容量的影响时，忽视了SRO(Simultaneous Runway Occupation)的作用，导致理论分析与实际存在一定偏差。
en-us	In analyzing the impact of wake separation reduction on runway capacity, the traditional methods ignored the effect of the SRO(Simultaneous Runway Occupation), thus causing a discrepancy between theoretical analysis and practice.

zh-cn	本文定量评估了SRO对跑道容量产生的影响，并用机场实测数据进行了仿真验证。
en-us	In this paper, the influence of SRO on runway capacity was quantitatively evaluated, and simulation verification was carried out with the airport measured data.

zh-cn	首先给出了计算发生SRO概率的模型，
en-us	First, a model for calculating the probability of SRO was given.

zh-cn	随后推导了不同尾流间隔标准下SRO对跑道容量影响的计算公式，进一步分析了ROT(Runway Occupation Time)和LTI(Landing Time Interval)对SRO及跑道容量的影响。
en-us	Then, the formula for calculating the impact of SRO on runway capacity under different wake separation standards was derived, and the impact of ROT(Runway Occupation Time) and LTI(Landing Time Interval) on SRO and runway capacity was further analyzed.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明：通过航空器再分类缩减尾流间隔提升跑道容量，SRO会造成2. 95%的偏差。
en-us	The simulation results show that the SRO will cause a deviation of 2. 95%, about the improvement of runway capacity due to wake separation reduction by aircraft reclassification.

zh-cn	相比现阶段尾流间隔标准，在新尾流间隔标准(FAA RECAT1.
en-us	Compared with the current wake separation standard, under the new wake separation standard(FAA RECAT1.

zh-cn	5)下，SRO对跑道容量的影响更大。
en-us	5), the SRO has a greater impact on runway capacity.

zh-cn	本文的研究结果可为跑道容量的准确评估和空管运行效率的提升提供技术支持。
en-us	The results can provide technical support for the accurate evaluation of runway capacity and the improvement of air traffic control operation efficiency.

zh-cn	无小区大规模多输入多输出(Cell-Free Massive MIMO)突破传统蜂窝小区的概念，被认为是未来移动通信中十分富有潜力的技术。
en-us	Cell-Free massive MIMO breaks through the concept of traditional cells and is considered to be a promising technology in future mobile communication.

zh-cn	该技术通过部署大量的分布式接入点(Access Point，AP)以获得充分的宏分集增益，以提高用户服务质量。
en-us	The technology can obtain sufficient macro diversity gain by deploying a large number of distributed Access Points(AP) to improve the quality of user service.

zh-cn	受信道相干时间的限制，系统中可供用户分配的正交导频资源非常有限，部分用户将不得不复用相同的导频，从而常规的复用导频(Multiplexed Pilot，MP)配置模式将引起严重的导频污染问题。
en-us	The orthogonal pilot resources available for user allocation are very limited due to the restriction of channel coherence time, some users will have to reuse the same pilot sequences in the conventional multiplexed pilot(MP) configuration mode, which may cause serious pilot contamination problem.

zh-cn	因此，本文利用叠加导频(Superimposed Pilot，SP)配置模式，基于线性最小均方误差(Linear Minimum Mean Square Error，LMMSE)准则和最大比合并(Maximum Ratio Combining，MRC)技术，研究了无小区大规模MIMO系统的信道估计，并从理论上推导了系统上行频谱效率(Spectrum Efficiency，SE)的上限闭合表达式。
en-us	Therefore, utilizing the superimposed pilot(SP) configuration mode and based on the linear minimum mean square error(LMMSE) criterion and the maximum ratio combining(MRC) technique, the channel estimation of Cell-Free massive MIMO system was investigated, and the upper bound closed-form expression of the uplink spectrum efficiency(SE) of the system was derived in this paper.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，采用SP配置模式可有效减轻导频污染问题带来的影响，从而明显地提升系统的SE。
en-us	The simulation results show that the SP configuration mode can effectively reduce the impact of pilot contamination, thereby significantly improve the SE of the system.

zh-cn	目前基于核相关滤波器的几种主流算法仍然存在目标漂移甚至跟丢的情况，本文算法在Staple:Complementary Learners for Real-Time Tracking(以下简称Staple)和Large Margin Object Tracking with Circulant Feature Maps(以下简称LMCF)两种算法基础上进行融合并改进。
en-us	At present, several mainstream algorithms based on nuclear correlation filters still have target drift or even loss. The algorithm in this article is in fusion and improvement based on the two major algorithms, Staple: Complementary Learners for Real-Time Tracking(hereinafter referred to as Staple) and Large Margin Object Tracking with Circulant Feature Maps(hereinafter referred to as LMCF).

zh-cn	首先利用贝叶斯公式求解出当前帧的背景和前景的直方图，对前景直方图进行均衡化，以消除噪声;
en-us	First, the Bayesian formula is used to solve the histogram of the background and foreground of the current frame, and the foreground histogram is equalized to eliminate certain noise;

zh-cn	其次，利用巴氏系数计算出当前帧的背景和前景的直方图的相似度值，通过数据分析设定阈值，以此消减目标与背景过于相似的问题;
en-us	second, the Bhattacharyya Coefficient is used to calculate the histogram of the background and foreground of the current frame for similarity value, the threshold is set through data analysis to reduce the problem that the target and the background are too similar;

zh-cn	再次，根据所设阈值将直方图的bin值进行自适应，以此提高跟踪的分辨率; 然后利用LMCF算法求出当前帧的最大峰值和平均峰值相关能量(APCE)，并根据数据分析设定合适的阈值;
en-us	again, the bin value of the histogram is adapted according to the set threshold to improve the resolution of tracking; then the LMCF algorithm is used to calculate the maximum peak value and average peak correlation energy(APCE) of the current frame, and set an appropriate threshold based on data analysis;

zh-cn	最后将阈值范围内的最大值和APCE值与融合系数相结合，使算法达到自适应融合。
en-us	finally, the maximum value within the threshold range and APCE value are combined with the fusion coefficient to make the algorithm achieve adaptive fusion.

zh-cn	本文算法(LMCF-Staple)在公开数据集平台OTB50、OTB100以及VOT2016上进行测试，
en-us	The algorithm in this paper(LMCF-Staple) is tested on the public data set platforms OTB50 and OTB100, the public data set platform.

zh-cn	结果显示LMCF-Staple算法的跟踪稳定性有一定提高，目标的漂移情况明显减少，并且其跟踪的精确度、成功率均优于目前主流的几种算法。
en-us	The results show that the tracking stability of the LMCF-Staple algorithm is greatly improved, the target drift is significantly reduced, and its tracking accuracy and success rate are better than the current mainstream algorithms.

zh-cn	合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar，SAR)对地观测具有覆盖面积广、多极化、多分辨率、全天时全天候观测的特点，被广泛应用于智能化监测系统。
en-us	Synthetic aperture radar for earth observation has the characters of wide coverage, multi-polarization, multi-resolution, all time and all weather, which have been widely used in intelligent monitoring systems.

zh-cn	随着SAR遥感图像分辨率的提升，目标型谱级识别成为了一项挑战。
en-us	With the improvement of SAR remote sensing image resolution, the fine-grained target classification becomes a challenge task.

zh-cn	本文使用聚束成像模式下10种型号车辆的0. 3 m分辨率、HH极化、多方位角的观测数据，针对型号类间差异小而导致的传统分类算法性能较差的问题，提出了多尺度特征提取残差结构，并结合高阶特征表示提升了深度卷积网络的分类性能，实现了高精度的SAR遥感图像车辆型谱级识别。
en-us	In this paper, we use the observation data of 10 types of vehicles with 0. 3 m resolution, HH polarization, and multi-azimuth angle under spotlight imaging mode, aiming at traditional classifiers' feature generalization ability limited by low intra-class variance problem for fine-grained vehicle type recognition of SAR remote sensing images, the multi-scale residual convolution neural network with high order feature representation is proposed, which can improve the feature extraction ability corresponding to remote sensing scenes and enhance accurate and robustness of vehicle recognition.

zh-cn	所提出的方法在公开的MSTAR数据集上开展了详细的实验验证，结果表明本文提出的方法优于现有的智能化分类算法，对10种型号车辆目标识别的总体精度(Overall Accuracy，OA)达到了99. 88%。
en-us	Extensive experiments carried on MSTAR dataset show that proposed method performs the remarkable result comparing with the state-of-the-art intelligence classification methods, whose OA(Overall Accuracy) can reach 99. 88% for vehicle recognition over 10 classes.

zh-cn	窄带干扰(Narrowband Interference，NBI)，作为一种敌意的频域干扰，会严重地恶化最小频移键控(Minimum Shift Keying，MSK)非相干检测的误码率(Bit Error Rate，BER)性能。
en-us	Narrowband interference(NBI), as kind of hostile frequency-domain interference, can seriously impair the bit error rate(BER) performance of minimum shift keying(MSK) noncoherent detection.

zh-cn	为降低窄带干扰对BER性能的影响，MSK非相干接收机一般首先对接收信号进行干扰抑制。
en-us	To reduce the impact of narrowband interference on BER performance, MSK noncoherent receivers generally first perform interference suppression on received signals.

zh-cn	然而现有MSK非相干检测算法并未考虑干扰抑制对MSK信号造成的畸变，这制约了窄带干扰下非相干检测的MSK通信系统的BER性能。
en-us	However, existing MSK noncoherent detection algorithms do not consider the distortion of MSK signals caused by interference suppression, which limits the BER performance of the MSK communication system with noncoherent detection under narrowband interference.

zh-cn	为了解决这个问题，本文提出了一种基于深度学习的MSK非相干接收机(Deep Learning-Based MSK Noncoherent Receiver，DL-MSKNCR)。
en-us	In order to solve this problem, a deep learning-based MSK noncoherent receiver(DL-MSKNCR) is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	该接收机包含一个干扰抑制子网络和一个MSK非相干检测子网络。
en-us	This receiver contains an interference suppression subnetwork and an MSK noncoherent detection subnetwork.

zh-cn	通过联合训练与优化，MSK非相干检测子网络可以有效地应对干扰抑制子网络对MSK信号造成的畸变。
en-us	Through jointly training and optimizing, the MSK noncoherent detection subnetwork can effectively cope with the distortion of MSK signals caused by the interference suppression subnetwork.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，DL-MSKNCR显著地提高了NBI下非相干检测的MSK通信系统的BER性能。
en-us	The simulation results show that DL-MSKNCD significantly improves the BER performance of the MSK communication system with noncoherent detection under narrowband interference.

zh-cn	基于无线信道状态信息(Channel State Information，CSI)的密钥提取技术可以利用无线信道的短时互易性和时空唯一性实现合法通信双方之间的共享密钥分发，
en-us	Since wireless channels have the characteristics of short-term reciprocity and space-time uniqueness, key extraction based on wireless channel state information(CSI) can establish shared key between legitimate communication parties.

zh-cn	且具有计算复杂度低和无需额外设施辅助的优点，是上层加密方案的有效补充。
en-us	This technique is considered to be an effective complement to the upper layer encryption scheme with the advantages of low computational complexity and no need of additional facilities.

zh-cn	本文分别为无线通信中的合法节点和窃听节点设计了基于CSI的密钥提取方案和被动窃听方案，
en-us	In this paper, we designed a CSI-based key extraction scheme for legitimate wireless communication nodes, and a passive eavesdropping scheme for eavesdropping nodes.

zh-cn	并在时分双工正交频分复用通信体制下实现了所提方案的原型系统。
en-us	Furthermore, we implemented the prototype system of proposed schemes under the time division duplex orthogonal frequency division multiplexing communication system.

zh-cn	基于实现的原型系统，本文在室内和室外两种典型通信环境中的节点静止和移动两种情况下，进行了存在窃听节点场景下的密钥提取测试实验。
en-us	Finally, we conducted key extraction test experiments in the presence of eavesdropping nodes under two typical communication environments(indoor and outdoor), in each of which we considered both static and mobile nodes.

zh-cn	通过对测试结果的分析，验证了无线信道的短时互易性和时空唯一性，并表明所提密钥提取方案在典型通信场景下可以实现较高的密钥性能和系统安全性。
en-us	Analysis of test results verifies the short-term reciprocity and space-time uniqueness of the wireless channel, and shows that the proposed key extraction scheme can achieve considerable key performance and strong system security in typical communication scenarios.

zh-cn	GB-InSAR(Ground-based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar，地基干涉合成孔径雷达)是一种新型的形变测量工具，
en-us	GB-InSAR(Ground-based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) is a new type of deformation measurement tool.

zh-cn	应用于长期连续监测时，为了保证形变测量的准确性和实时性，通常需要将SAR图像进行分组处理，并基于PS(Permanent Scatterer，永久散射体)技术实现形变反演。
en-us	When applied to long-term continuous monitoring, in order to ensure the accuracy and real-time of the deformation measurement, it is usually necessary to group SAR images and realize deformation inversion based on PS(Permanent Scatterer) technology.

zh-cn	对长时间SAR图像序列的分析结果表明，像素点的幅值会随时间发生较大的变化，导致采用固定的幅度离差门限来选择PS点时，各组PS点的数量会发生极大改变，严重影响形变测量的精度。
en-us	The analysis results of the long-term SAR image sequence show that the amplitude of the pixel points will change greatly over time, resulting in the use of a fixed amplitude deviation threshold to select PS points, the number of PS points in each group will change greatly and seriously affect the accuracy of deformation measurement.

zh-cn	本文提出了一种基于K-Means(K均值)聚类的时序GB-InSAR图像PS实时选择方法，
en-us	This paper proposes a real-time selection method of time series GB-InSAR image PS based on K-Means(K-means) clustering.

zh-cn	首先对时序图像进行分组，然后利用各组图像的像素点幅度和相关系数，基于K-Means算法进行两级聚类。
en-us	First, the time series images are grouped, and then the pixel amplitude and correlation coefficient of each group of images are used, based on K-Means The algorithm performs two-level clustering.

zh-cn	对一处露天矿坑实测数据的分析结果表明，本文方法在保证了各组图像的PS点足够多的同时，对PS点数量的稳定性也有大幅提高。
en-us	The analysis results of the measured data of an open-pit mine show that the method in this paper ensures that the PS points of each group of images are enough, and the stability of the number of PS points is also greatly improved.

zh-cn	针对现有的方向不变波束形成算法在阵元个数确定以后，其波束的主瓣与旁瓣水平无法进一步改善的情形下。
en-us	For the existing steering invariant beamforming algorithm, after the number of elements is determined, the main lobe and side lobe levels of the beam cannot be further improved.

zh-cn	本文基于均匀圆阵在现有方向不变波束形成方法的基础上，通过引入压缩感知理论(Compressed Sensing，CS)，提出了一种可以进一步改善波束主瓣与旁瓣水平的方法。
en-us	Based on the existing steering invariant beamforming methods of a uniform circular array and through introducing Compressed Sensing theory(Compressed Sensing, CS), this paper proposes a method that can further improve the level of the main and side lobes of the beam.

zh-cn	该方法使用压缩感知理论对信号进行压缩采样和稀疏重构，并通过凸优化中二阶锥规划方法对恢复的信号进行方向不变波束形成，可以在不增加实际阵元数的前提下，增大阵列孔径，得到旁瓣水平更低和主瓣宽度更窄的波束图。
en-us	This method uses compressed sensing theory to compress the signal and sparsely reconstruct the signal, and uses the second-order cone programming method in the convex optimization to perform steering invariant beamforming on the recovered signal, which can increase the array aperture without increasing the actual number of elements, and can obtain a beam pattern with a lower side lobe level and a narrower main lobe width.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明该方法在一定程度上提升了波束形成器的性能，在阵列信号处理方面具有一定的理论与实际意义。
en-us	Simulation results show that this method improves the performance of the beamformer to a certain extent, and it has certain theoretical and practical significance in array signal processing.

zh-cn	相位编码(Phase Coded，PC)信号运用在高速运动平台和高速目标探测中存在多普勒敏感问题，制约了其在宽多普勒容限正交波形中的应用。
en-us	The use of Phase Coded(PC) signal in high-speed motion platforms and high-speed target detection has Doppler sensitivity problem, which restricts its application in wide Doppler tolerance orthogonal waveform.

zh-cn	本文研究了一种基于线性调频(Linear Frequency Modulation，LFM)信号和PC信号复合调制的宽多普勒容限信号形式—LFM-PC信号，推导出了其脉间信号的模糊函数离散表达式，
en-us	This paper studies a wide Doppler tolerance signal form based on hybrid modulation of Linear Frequency Modulation(LFM) signal and PC signal—LFM-PC signal, and deduces the discrete expression of the ambiguity function of its interpulse signal.

zh-cn	在多普勒容限内以归一化自模糊函数旁瓣与互模糊函数之和的最小化为准则建立优化设计模型，提出了一种基于交替方向乘子法(Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers，ADMM)的低复杂度信号优化方法。
en-us	Within the Doppler tolerance, an optimal design model is established by minimizing the sum of the side lobes of the normalized auto ambiguity function and the cross-ambiguity function, and a low-complexity signal optimization method based on the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers(ADMM) is proposed.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，基于ADMM优化后的LFM-PC信号在多普勒容限内具有较好的波形分集增益与波形隔离度，优化算法具有收敛速度快，运算量低的特点。
en-us	The simulation results show that the optimized LFM-PC signal based on ADMM has better waveform diversity gain and waveform isolation within the Doppler tolerance, and the optimized algorithm has the characteristics of fast convergence speed and low computational complexity.

zh-cn	本文研究了一个大规模单入多出上行链路系统，其中单天线节点需要将数据及时且可靠地传送给具有大规模天线阵列的基站。
en-us	This paper studies a massive single-input multiple-output uplink system, in which a single-antenna transmitter needs to transmit data to the receiver with a large-scale antenna array in a timely and reliable manner.

zh-cn	在该系统中，假设发送端与基站间的信道系数在连续两个符号周期内保持恒定，且每两个符号周期独立变化一次。
en-us	In this system, the channel coefficients are assumed to remain constant during two consecutive symbol periods and change independently during the next two time symbol periods.

zh-cn	针对该快速衰落信道模型，本文提出了一种针对大规模唯一可分解星座(Massive uniquely factorable constellation，MUFC)的映射方案，以解决系统瞬时信道状态信息获取与可靠性低的难题。
en-us	For such a system model, we propose a mapping scheme for massive uniquely factorable constellation(MUFC), with an emphasis on avoiding the instantaneous channel state information acquisition as well as improving the system's reliability.

zh-cn	具体地，本文首先基于黎曼测度准则对MUFC进行分割。
en-us	Specifically, we first perform constellation segmentation for the MUFC based on a Riemannian distance(RD) criterion.

zh-cn	然后，利用格状编码思想，给出MUFC星座的具体映射方案，
en-us	Then, using the trellis coding method, a specific mapping scheme for the MUFC constellation is provided.

zh-cn	理论仿真结果表明该映射方案能够增大调制输出信号序列间的最小黎曼距离(Riemannian distance，RD)，从而提升接收端RD检测器的误差性能。
en-us	The theoretical simulation results show that the mapping scheme can increase the minimum RD between the modulated output signal sequences and improve the RD detector's error performance at the receiving end.

zh-cn	最后，仿真结果进一步验证了所提方案的有效性。
en-us	Finally, the simulation results verify the effectiveness of our proposed scheme.

zh-cn	广义随机傅里叶变换(GRFT:Generalized Radon-Fourier Transform)是一种广义的MTD(Moving Target Detection)算法，通过搜索目标的速度、加速度、加加速度等高阶运动信息，补偿多个脉冲间的相位来完成相参积累。
en-us	Generalized Radon-Fourier Transform(GRFT) is a generalized algorithm of Moving Target Detection(MTD), which achieves coherent integration by compensating the phase of multiple pulses through searching the target's velocity, acceleration and jerk.

zh-cn	这种采用搜索的方法完成众多脉冲的相参积累，必然会带来巨大的计算量，不利于雷达的实时检测。
en-us	This kind of algorithm inevitably brings a huge amount of computation because of multi-dimension search, which is not conducive to real-time detection of radar.

zh-cn	针对这个问题，根据目标各运动参数之间搜索的独立性和雷达回波信号的存储特点及GRFT算法思路，提出一种基于图形处理器(GPU:Graphic Processing Unit)的GRFT算法，实现了高维搜索并行化问题，并采用通用并行计算架构(CUDA:Computer Unified Device Architecture)完成了GRFT算法的具体实现。
en-us	To address this issue, a GRFT algorithm based on graphic processing unit(GPU) is proposed in this paper, which combines search independence between motion parameters, the storage of radar echo signal and idea of GRFT algorithm. Computer unified deceive architecture(CUDA) is adopted to realize this algorithm.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明：GRFT算法的计算速度在GPU平台上得到显著提高。
en-us	Numerical simulation results show that the computing speed of GRFT algorithm is significantly improved on the GPU platform.

zh-cn	现有的多传感器多目标跟踪算法大都基于马尔科夫-贝叶斯模型，需要诸如目标运动、杂波、传感器检测概率等先验信息，但是在恶劣的环境中，这些先验信息不准确并导致目标跟踪精度下降。
en-us	The existing multi-sensor multi-target tracking algorithms are mostly based on Markov-Bayes model, which requires prior information such as target motion, clutter, and sensor detection probability, but in harsh environments, these prior information are not accurate and lead to a decrease in target tracking accuracy.

zh-cn	为了解决该情况下的多目标跟踪问题，我们提出了一个高效的分布式多目标跟踪算法，该算法通过泛洪(Flooding)共识算法在分布式网络的传感器之间迭代的传输、共享各自的量测集信息，并通过改进的密度峰值聚类(Improved Density Peaks Clustering，IDPC)算法对量测集聚类，
en-us	To solve the MTT problem in such situation, we propose an efficient distributed multi-target tracking algorithm, which uses a flooding consensus algorithm to iteratively transmit and share the measurement set information between sensors in the distributed network, and cluster the measurement set through an Improved density peaks clustering(IDPC) algorithm.

zh-cn	聚类得到的簇的个数即目标的个数，簇的中心即目标的位置。
en-us	The number of clusters obtained by clustering is the number of targets, and the center of the clusters is target's position.

zh-cn	我们将IDPC算法与前沿的分布式概率密度假设(probability density hypothesis，PHD)滤波器在三个场景中进行对比，实验结果证明了IDPC算法的有效性和可靠性。
en-us	We compare the IDPC algorithm with cutting edge distributed probability density hypothesis(PHD) filters in three scenarios, the experimental results prove the effectiveness and reliability of the IDPC algorithm.

zh-cn	准确地估计小型旋翼无人机的微动参数对无人机的识别具有重要意义，针对小型旋翼无人机弱微动特征的提取问题，本文提出了RSP-CFD(Reassigned Spectrogram-Cadence Frequency Diagram，RSP-CFD)的特征提取方法。
en-us	Accurately estimating the micro-motion parameters of micro-rotor UAV is of great significance for the identification of UAV. For the extraction of weak micro-motion features of micro-rotor UAV, the feature extraction method of RSP-CFD(Reassigned Spectrogram-Cadence Frequency Diagram, RSP-CFD) is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	首先采用高分辨时频分析方法RSP分析旋翼无人机的微动特性，
en-us	First, the high-resolution time-frequency analysis method RSP is used to analyze the micro-motion characteristics of the rotor UAV,

zh-cn	其次在RSP的基础上利用CFD方法提取旋翼无人机的微动特征，
en-us	then on the basis of RSP, the micro-motion characteristics of the rotor UAV are extracted by CFD method,

zh-cn	最后通过极大值参数估计方法实现对旋翼转速、叶片长度的估计。
en-us	and finally the rotor speed and blade length can be estimated by the maximum value parameter estimation method.

zh-cn	结果表明RSP-CFD方法对旋翼无人机微动特征的提取具有较高的准确性，弥补了传统方法的不足，进而为旋翼无人机的分类提供理论基础和技术支撑。
en-us	The results show that RSP-CFD method has high accuracy in extracting the micro-motion features of the rotor UAV, which makes up for the shortcomings of the traditional methods, and then provides theoretical foundation and technical support for the classification of the rotor UAV.

zh-cn	针对传统感知算法在低信噪比时检测性能低和深度学习感知算法网络训练量大、复杂度高等问题，本文提出一种在均值辅助下的长短时记忆网络(Long Short-Term Memory，LSTM)频谱感知算法。
en-us	Due to the low detection performance of traditional sensing algorithms at low signal-to-noise ratio regions and the large amount of network training and high complexity of deep learning sensing algorithms, this paper proposes a mean-assisted LSTM network spectrum sensing algorithm.

zh-cn	首先对接收信号序列做多点均值计算，
en-us	This paper first calculates the multi-point average of the received signal,

zh-cn	然后利用所得的均值构造特征向量并作为LSTM网络的输入来训练网络，
en-us	then constructs the feature vector using the calculated average as the LSTM network input to train the network,

zh-cn	最后利用训练好的网络对新的接收序列进行感知。
en-us	and finally senses the available spectrum using the trained network.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明：相比于传统算法，所提算法在检测性能上有较大提升; 相对于利用原始接收序列直接训练的深度学习算法，所提算法的复杂度大幅下降。
en-us	The simulation results show that the detection performance of the proposed algorithm outperforms that of the traditional algorithms, and that the proposed algorithm can achieve lower complexity than the deep learning algorithm trained with the original received sequence.

zh-cn	结合空间信息约束的高光谱稀疏解混技术是高光谱图像稀疏解混领域的研究热点之一。
en-us	Sparse Unmixing(SU) combined with spatial information constraints is one of the research hotspots in the field of Hyperspectral Unmixing(HU).

zh-cn	为了克服高光谱图像在自然场景中的空间结构难以精确表示的缺点，本文提出了一种多尺度光谱相似性指导的高光谱解混算法。
en-us	In order to overcome the shortcomings that the spatial structure of hyperspectral images in natural scenes is difficult to accurately represent. Hence, a Hyperspectral Unmixing algorithm guided by multiscale spectral similarity was proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	首先，将高光谱图像分割成具有空间结构的近似域光谱图像;
en-us	First, segment the Hyperspectral Image into an approximate domain spectral image with a spatial structure.

zh-cn	然后，根据相邻超像素之间的相似性进行近似域稀疏解混;
en-us	Then, the approximate domain SU was performed according to the similarity between adjacent superpixels.

zh-cn	最后，将近似域解混结果转换到原始域并结合实际像素光谱进行原始域的逐像素精确解混。
en-us	Finally, the approximate domain unmixing result was converted to the original domain, and combined with the actual pixel spectrum to perform accurate pixel-by-pixel unmixing of the original domain.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，本文所提出的算法相比同类算法有更低的解混复杂度，且具有更高的解混精度和鲁棒性。
en-us	Experimental results show that the algorithm proposed has lower unmixing complexity than similar algorithms, and has higher unmixing accuracy and robustness.

zh-cn	机载气象雷达下视探测低空风切变时，复杂的电磁干扰及强地杂波会严重影响其对目标信号的检测，造成风场速度估计失准。
en-us	Complex electromagnetic interference and strong ground clutter will seriously affect the detection of the target signal when airborne weather radar is used to detect the low-altitude wind-shear, resulting in the inaccurate estimation of wind speed.

zh-cn	针对上述问题，本文提出一种毫米波(millimeter wave，MMW)捷变频体制下的低空风切变风速估计方法。
en-us	To solve these problems, this paper presents a method of wind speed estimation of low-altitude wind-shear in MMW(millimeter wave) frequency agile system.

zh-cn	该方法采用载频脉组间捷变，在每个脉组内利用雷达系统先验信息设计两维两脉冲对消(two dimensional pulse-to-pulse canceller，TDPC)预滤波器对雷达回波进行预滤波，削弱杂波功率，
en-us	In this method, two dimensional pulse-to-pulse canceller(TDPC) prefilter is designed in each pulse group by using radar system prior information to prefilter radar echo and weaken clutter power.

zh-cn	接着利用基于组合空时主通道的自适应处理(combined space-time main channel adaptive processing，CMCAP)对回波数据进行空时二维滤波，得到风切变信号的模糊多普勒估计值，
en-us	Then, the combined space-time main channel adaptive processing(CMCAP) is used to filter the echo data in two dimensional space-time, obtains the Doppler ambiguity estimation value of the wind-shear signal,

zh-cn	最后将每个脉组内的估计结果由多普勒频率域转换到速度域，采用错位差分查表的方式订正模糊速度，从而得到风场的真实速度值。
en-us	finally transforms the estimation result in each pulse group from the Doppler frequency domain to the velocity domain, uses the dislocation difference table method to revise the speed ambiguity, thus obtains the real speed value of the wind field.

zh-cn	仿真结果分析验证了所提方法的有效性。
en-us	The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

zh-cn	针对时间反演系统中多个窃听者随机分布的物理层安全传输问题，提出一种安全吞吐量优化方案，该方案基于人工噪声辅助时间反演的多输入单输出(MISO)传输。
en-us	For the problem of secure transmission in physical layer with multiple eavesdroppers randomly distributed in time reversal system, a secure throughput optimization scheme is put forword. The scheme is based on MISO transmission with artificial noise-aided time reversal.

zh-cn	首先，利用随机几何理论推导连接中断概率和安全中断概率的闭合表达式分别表征系统的可靠性和安全性;
en-us	Firstly, the closed-form expressions of connection outage probability and security outage probability are derived by using random geometry theory to characterize the reliability and security of the system of respectively.

zh-cn	然后，综合考虑系统的可靠性和安全性，提出最大化安全吞吐量的优化方案;
en-us	Next, considering the reliability and security of the system, an optimization scheme is proposed to maximize the security throughput.

zh-cn	最后，仿真结果表明所提方案与其他方案相比提高了系统的安全吞吐量。
en-us	Finally, Simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves the system's security throughput compared with other schemes.

zh-cn	为了提高时序行为检测网络的分类精度和时序上的定位精度，本文提出了一种改进的区域3D卷积神经网络(Region Convolutional 3D Network，R-C3D)。
en-us	In order to improve the classification accuracy and the temporal positioning accuracy of the temporal action detection network, this paper proposes an improved Region Convolutional 3 D neural network(R-C3 D).

zh-cn	在时序候选子网中，通过逐层空间卷积把特征图的高宽由(H/16，W/16)变为(1，1)，提高行为的分类精度，通过卷积-反卷积网络(Convolutional-De-Convolutional Networks，CDC)里反卷积的思想，使用时域反卷积网络增加特征图长度，提高时域上行为的定位精度。
en-us	In the temporal proposal subnet, the height and width of the feature map is changed from(H/16, W/16) to(1, 1) through layer-by-layer spatial convolution. So the classification accuracy is improved. According to the idea of deconvolution in Convolutional-De-Convolutional Networks(CDC), the time domain deconvolution network is used to increase the length of the feature map and improve the temporal positioning accuracy of the behavior.

zh-cn	在THUMOS14数据集的实验结果表明：与R-C3D相比，本文提出的方法在长时序未分割视频上有较高的检测精度。
en-us	The experimental results on the THUMOS14 data set show that the proposed method has better detection accuracy than R-C3 D on long-time unsegmented videos.

zh-cn	针对语音通信系统中由于干扰、音频源不稳定等因素导致的接收端语音突变或响度不一致的问题，提出一种变步长最小均方误差自适应增益控制(VSSLMS-AGC，variable step size least mean square-adaptive gain control)新方案。
en-us	Aiming at the problem of sudden changes or inconsistent loudness at the receiving end caused by factors such as interference and unstable audio sources in the voice communication system. A new VSSLMS-AGC(variable step size least mean square-adaptive gain control) method is proposed.

zh-cn	该方案首先利用指数加权移动平均记录历史梯度信息，
en-us	First the method uses exponentially weighted moving average to record historical gradient information.

zh-cn	以此来调节最小均方误差算法的步长，使算法收敛速度更快，稳态误差更小;
en-us	This can adjust the step size of the least mean square algorithm, to make the algorithm converge faster and stabilize the error smaller.

zh-cn	然后将变步长思想运用到自动增益控制中，确保能够自适应地调节语音增益值，使原先幅值不一的音频信号输出范围恒定且不失原有的特性，
en-us	Then the variable step size idea is applied to automatic gain control, to ensure that the voice gain value can be adjusted adaptively so that the output range of the original audio signal with different amplitudes is constant without losing the substantial characteristics.

zh-cn	降低语音落差，改善听觉感受。
en-us	The method can reduce the sound drop and improve the auditory experience.

zh-cn	短距离通信是物联网中常用的通信方式，多是一传感节点对多物理节点的情形，
en-us	In Internet of thing, short-range communication is a common communication system, where a sensor node will collect signals from multiple physical nodes.

zh-cn	由于其采用无线共享信道，因此多个信源一起传输必然导致冲突发生。
en-us	Because the system uses a wireless shared channel, signal transmissions together from multiple sources will cause collision.

zh-cn	通常，多信源冲突采用MAC协议随机多址方法解决，由于其通信机制是一旦冲突发生，则会重传，所以通信效率并不高。
en-us	Usually, the collision is resolved by a random multiple access method, but the communication efficiency is not high.

zh-cn	采用信号分离和编解码技术可直接从冲突信号中恢复出信源，因此可显著提高通信效率，
en-us	Signal separation and coding technology can directly recover the source from the collision signals, so it can significantly improve the communication efficiency.

zh-cn	但该方法需要预知或估计信号衰落系数才能保证良好的性能。
en-us	However, the method requires predicting or estimating signal fading coefficients to ensure good performance.

zh-cn	本文提出一种有限符号分离的维特比解码方法，该方法通过估计字典矩阵，无需预知衰落系数就能准确提高恢复冲突信号。
en-us	This paper proposes a Viterbi decoding method with finite symbol separation, which can accurately recover the collision signal without the fading coefficients, through estimating the dictionary matrix.

zh-cn	实验中，我们分别用仿真和软件无线电构建了一个基于FM0码的超高频短距离无线通信系统，
en-us	In the experiment, we establish two ultra-high frequency short-range wireless communication system based on FM0 code, using simulation and software radio, respectively.

zh-cn	实验结果表明本文提出的方法吞吐量达到了约0.61，相比传统的ALOHA系统吞吐量提高了约0.25。
en-us	The experimental results show that the throughput of the proposed method arrives at about 0. 61, which improves the traditional ALOHA system by bout 0. 25.

zh-cn	相推测速技术可以实现相位量级的测量精度，但是其存在准确提取相位和解相位模糊两大难点。
en-us	Phase-derived velocity measurement(PDVM) can obtain phase level measurement accuracy, but there are two difficulties in extracting the echo phase and resolving the phase ambiguity.

zh-cn	本文提出了针对低信噪比条件下脉冲重复周期渐变波形的相推测速实现方法。
en-us	In this paper, a phase-derived velocity measurement method is proposed for the variable pulse repetition interval waveform under low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).

zh-cn	首先，建立了考虑脉冲重复周期渐变波形的回波模型;
en-us	Firstly, an echo model is established with considering the factor of pulse repetition interval variable.

zh-cn	然后介绍了基于包络测速解相位模糊的相推测速模型;
en-us	Then, the PDVM model based on wideband envelope velocity measurement(WEVM) to solve the phase ambiguity is introduced.

zh-cn	进而为了提高相推测速在低信噪比条件下的适用性，分别提出了回波相位提取值修正以及相位模糊数修正方法，
en-us	In order to improve the applicability of PDVM method under the condition of low SNR, the extracted echo phase value correction method and the phase ambiguity number correction method are put forward respectively.

zh-cn	其中回波相位提取值修正方法主要结合航迹平滑滤波处理，解决低信噪比条件下峰值点相位提取不准确的问题，
en-us	The extracted echo phase value correction method utilizes the track filtering process to smooth the velocity measurement results, which enable to solve the problem of inaccurate extracted peak phase under low SNR.

zh-cn	而相位模糊数修正方法通过遍历模糊数，并最小化模糊数对应的测速起伏误差;
en-us	The phase ambiguity number correction method iterates through the phase ambiguity number and then minimizes the corresponding velocity fluctuation measurement error.

zh-cn	最后通过仿真验证了所提方法的正确性及其在低信噪比条件下的适用性。
en-us	Finally, the validity of the proposed method and its applicability under low SNR are verified by simulation.

zh-cn	地基雷达对月成像可以获得月球表面的电磁散射特性、地形地貌特征等，可用于月球的科学研究。
en-us	Earth-based radar mapping of the moon can obtain the electromagnetic scattering characteristics and topographicfeatures of the lunar surface, which can be used for scientific research on the moon.

zh-cn	地基雷达对月成像技术是将合成孔径技术应用到天文探测当中，
en-us	Earth-based radar mapping technologyof the moon is the application of synthetic aperture technology to astronomical detection.

zh-cn	延迟多普勒技术是地基雷达天文成像应用最为广泛的技术，其关键在于运动补偿。
en-us	Delay Doppler technology is themost widely used technology for earth-based radar astronomical mapping, and its key lies in motion compensation.

zh-cn	目前，国外在地基天文雷达领域的研究上已趋于成熟，而我国正处于起步阶段。
en-us	At present, foreign research in the field of earth-based astronomical radar has become mature, while my country is in its infancy.

zh-cn	为解决地基雷达对月成像中的难点问题，本文首先基于地月运动几何模型分析了延迟多普勒成像理论的关键问题，包括成像原理、分辨率和模糊问题。
en-us	In order to solve the difficult problems in earth-based radar mapping of the moon, this paper firstly analyzes the key prob?lems of delay Doppler mapping theory based on the geometric model of the earth-moon motion, including the mapping prin?ciple, resolution and blur problem.

zh-cn	接着，本文提出了一种参数化运动补偿算法，该算法以图像熵值为评价指标进行参数搜索，并采用布谷鸟搜索算法提升参数搜索效率。
en-us	Next, this paper proposes a parametric motion compensation algorithm, which uses im?age entropy as an evaluation index to search for parameters, and uses cuckoo search algorithm to improve the efficiency parameter search.

zh-cn	最后，通过仿真验证了算法的有效性，为将来开展试验验证提供了技术支撑。
en-us	Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by simulation, which provides technical support forfuture experiments.

zh-cn	昆虫雷达通过测量波束中昆虫的极化信息，估计昆虫头部朝向，进而完成对昆虫迁飞轨迹的监测。
en-us	By measuring the polarization information of insects in the beam, entomological radar can estimate the orientation of insect, and then complete the trajectory monitoring of migratory insects.

zh-cn	但是，全极化雷达系统中的非理想因素会影响到昆虫头部朝向的估计精度。
en-us	However, some non-ideal factors in the fully polarimetric radar system will affect the accuracy of insect orientation estimation.

zh-cn	为了研究全极化系统幅相不一致对朝向测量的影响，本文对昆虫极化散射特征和全极化系统建模，并对朝向误差进行分析，得到了朝向误差和通道间幅相不一致的关系。
en-us	In order to study the influence of amplitude and phase imbalance between channels in fully polarimetric radar system on orientation measurement, the polarization scattering characteristics of insect and fully polarimetric system are modeled, the orientation error is analyzed, and the relationship between orientation error and channel imbalance is obtained.

zh-cn	理论分析和仿真结果表明昆虫朝向误差同时与系统、自身散射特性以及真实朝向相关，系统幅相不一致会导致估计出来的昆虫朝向偏向极化方向。
en-us	Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the insect orientation error is related to the system, its own scattering characteristics and the real orientation, and the channel imbalance will cause the estimated insect orientation to deviate to the polarization direction.

zh-cn	这些工作为全极化系统设计提供了新的思路。
en-us	These works provide a new way for the design of fully polarimetric radar.

zh-cn	现代雷达往往需要在复杂多变的电磁环境中完成多种任务。
en-us	Multi-function radar can perform various missions simultaneously in a complex and variable electromagnetic environment.

zh-cn	如何提升雷达的智能化水平，使其能够适应环境变化和任务需求，已成为近年来备受关注的研究课题。
en-us	How to improve the intelligence level of radars, so that they can adapt to the change of environment and the requirements of tasks, has gradually become a high-profile research.

zh-cn	本文针对杂波环境下机动目标检测与跟踪的性能优化问题，提出了一种基于环境感知的雷达波形参数智能调度算法。
en-us	Aiming at the optimization problem of maneuvering target detection and tracking performance in clutter environment, this paper proposes an intelligent scheduling algorithm for radar waveform parameters based on environmental perception.

zh-cn	基于最大信噪比准则和最小均方误差准则设计了奖励函数，
en-us	The reward function is designed under the maximum signal-to-noise ratio criterion and the minimum mean square error criterion.

zh-cn	并利用Q学习与深度Q学习网络进行了训练，
en-us	And the Q learning and deep Q learning network are used for training.

zh-cn	通过雷达与环境的交互，充分利用环境中多帧杂波信息，可有效避免由于模糊导致的杂波遮蔽问题，提升目标信噪比和跟踪精度。
en-us	Through the interaction between the radar and the environment, the multi-frame clutter information is fully utilized which can effectively avoid the clutter occlusion problem caused by blur, and improve the SNR and tracking accuracy.

zh-cn	机载雷达仿真实验结果表明，在杂波环境下对机动目标检测和跟踪过程中，本文提出的环境感知信息辅助的波形智能选择方案可获得比传统启发式算法更高的处理效率和更大的性能改善。
en-us	The results of the airborne radar simulation experiments show that in the process of maneuvering target detection and tracking in clutter environment, the proposed environment sensing information assisted waveform intelligent selection scheme can achieve better performance with improved processing efficiency than the traditional heuristic algorithms.

zh-cn	全极化雷达是新一代昆虫雷达的发展方向。
en-us	The fully polarimetric radar is the development direction for the next generation entomological radar.

zh-cn	本文介绍了全极化雷达的昆虫体轴朝向、体重和体长等生物参数反演方法。
en-us	This paper introduces the estimation methods of insect biological parameters(including orientation, mass and body length) for fully polarimetric radar.

zh-cn	相对传统方法，这些方法精度更高，然而，这些方法仅经过微波暗室测量昆虫数据验证了可行性，还未经过实际全极化雷达外场测量验证。
en-us	These methods are more accurate than the traditional methods. However, they have only been verified by laboratory experiments, and have not been verified by any actual fully polarimetric radar in field measurement.

zh-cn	本文利用Ku波段全极化昆虫雷达，设计并开展了基于双无人机协同飞行悬吊昆虫的外场定量试验，
en-us	In this paper, using a Ku band fully polarimetric entomological radar, a field quantitative experiment was designed and carried out.

zh-cn	测量了44只不同体型昆虫在不同朝向下的雷达数据，
en-us	In the experiment, insects were hanged by two cooperative flight unmanned aerial vehicles, and the radar data of 44 insects of different sizes in different orientations were measured.

zh-cn	基于测量数据，成功验证了面向全极化雷达的昆虫生物参数反演方法在实际外场雷达的应用，并分析了测量精度。
en-us	Based on the measured data, the application of the insect biological parameters estimation methods for real fully polarimetric radar in field was successfully verified, and the measurement accuracy was analyzed.

zh-cn	随着雷达成像分辨能力的不断提升，转台模型所引起的二维距离走动已经影响到高分辨ISAR成像质量。
en-us	With the development of radar technique, radar imaging tends to be more and more clear, delicate and accurate. And as the resolution of radar imaging is growing, the two-dimension range migration caused by turntable model has influenced the effect of high-resolution ISAR imaging.

zh-cn	同时，雷达目标物上部件的微动也变得不可忽略。
en-us	What's more, the component's micro-motion according to target also can't be ignored.

zh-cn	因此，针对含旋转部件的目标的ISAR回波，本文提出了一种基于回波分离处理的精细化成像流程。
en-us	Therefore, this paper puts forward a processing flow, which is based on processing two kinds of echoes separately, in order to image the target with rotational components delicately.

zh-cn	该流程通过对目标物的刚体、部件回波进行分离，
en-us	First, this flow separates echoes from target's body and rotational components by using Radon-Wigner transform with CLEAN technique.

zh-cn	并获得旋转运动参数估计。
en-us	The motion parameters of turntable model could be estimated in the meantime.

zh-cn	有序地对来自转台模型的二阶、一阶距离走动进行补偿，
en-us	Then, the second-order range migration, which is resulted from turntable model, should be compensated for both echoes by adopting space-time analysis. After that, for body's echo, Keystone transform is applied to compensate first-order migration caused by turntable model to get a focused figure.

zh-cn	其后，再对两种回波分别用与之相适的方法进行成像，完成对整个目标物图像的精细化处理。
en-us	Meanwhile, inverse Radon transform is employed on the envelope curve or time-frequency distribution of components' echoes so as to gain fine images of rotational parts.

zh-cn	仿真和实测数据的处理结果验证了该流程的有效性。
en-us	Experimental results using both simulated and measured data confirm the validity of the proposed flow.

zh-cn	宽带全极化垂直昆虫雷达是一种利用宽带信号实现空中单只昆虫分辨，利用多极化通道实现昆虫全极化测量的雷达系统。
en-us	Wideband fully polarized vertical insect radar is a kind of radar system which uses wideband signal to distinguish single insect in the air and uses multi-polarization channel to measure insect fully polarized.

zh-cn	当被测昆虫体型在不同极化轴向的电磁波反射功率可明显分辨时，该雷达可利用“当极化方向平行于昆虫体轴时，回波功率最大”的基本原理，
en-us	When the reflected power of electromagnetic waves in different polarization axes can be clearly distinguished, the radar uses the basic principle of "when the polarization direction is parallel to the insect body axis, the echo power is maximum",

zh-cn	通过测量昆虫极化散射矩阵，获取昆虫体轴方向，对研究昆虫定向迁飞规律具有重要的作用。
en-us	and obtain the insect body axis direction by measuring the insect polarization scattering matrix, which plays an important role in the study of the direction of insect body axis.

zh-cn	当前垂直昆虫雷达采用机械旋转馈源的方法，分时测量昆虫目标的极化散射矩阵，该方法同时受机械旋转误差、极化分时测量时目标运动的误差以及极化通道稳定性随有源电路时变所引入的测量误差，测量精度不高，
en-us	The existing vertical insect radar uses the method of mechanical rotating antenna feed, time-sharing measurement target insect, in this method, measure accuracy is poor, because the polarization measurement contains error of the target motion and time-sharing channel stability with time varying the measurement error.