zh-cn	为了实现昆虫的高分辨全极化散射特性测量，本文提出了一种高极化隔离的频率步进正交相位编码的宽带波形设计以及极化内定标方法，
en-us	In order to achieve the high resolution of insects all polarization scattering measurement, this paper proposes frequency-stepped chirp signal with frequency and phase modulation coded, and an inside-radar calibration method.

zh-cn	开发了一部宽带全极化垂直昆虫雷达系统，
en-us	Develop a wideband vertical insect fully polarized radar system.

zh-cn	最终通过理论方法仿真分析与外场试验测试，
en-us	This paper contains the theoretical method of simulation analysis and physical verification.

zh-cn	证明了该雷达系统可实现昆虫同时全极化宽带的稳定测量，验证了昆虫体轴朝向的测量精度。
en-us	Verify the radar system can realize the stability measurement of the insect's simultaneous fully polarized, and the measurement accuracy of the insect body axis direction.

zh-cn	针对现有嵌套阵自由度低、互耦率高的问题，本文采用均匀线阵进行级联，提出一种高自由度低互耦的三阶嵌套阵，
en-us	Aiming at the problems of low degree of freedom and high mutual coupling of current nested arrays, this paper adopts uniform linear array(ULA) to cascade, and proposes a three-level nested array with high degree of freedom and low mutual coupling.

zh-cn	该结构保留了嵌套阵的原有优势，具有物理阵元位置和自由度的闭式解，且极大程度地降低了阵元互耦。
en-us	This structure not only retains the original advantages of nested array and has closed-form expression of physical array positions and degree of freedom, but also vastly reduces the mutual coupling.

zh-cn	首先，对传统的回波信号模型引入互耦矩阵，建立了互耦条件下回波信号模型;
en-us	Firstly, the mutual coupling matrix is introduced to the traditional echo signal model, and the echo signal model under the mutual coupling condition is established.

zh-cn	然后，给出了三阶嵌套阵的布阵方式，并推导了“差联合阵列”结构下物理阵元的最佳配置和自由度的闭合表达式;
en-us	Secondly, the layout of the three-level nested array is given, and the optimal configuration and the closed-form expression of the degree of freedom of the physical array elements under the structure of “difference co-array” are derived.

zh-cn	最后，结合压缩感知技术进行波达方向估计。
en-us	Finally, compressed sensing(CS) technology is used for direction of arrival(DOA)estimation.

zh-cn	仿真实验表明，与现有嵌套阵相比，所提三阶嵌套阵在不增加物理阵元数目的条件下可以有效提升自由度，降低阵元互耦，从而提升角度估计性能。
en-us	Simulation results show that compared with the existing nested arrays, the proposed three-level nested array can effectively improve the degree of freedom and reduce the mutual coupling without increasing the number of physical sensors, thus improving the performance of DOA estimation.

zh-cn	交通目标智能检测是车辆盲区智能防撞系统中的基础技术，
en-us	Intelligent detection of traffic targets is the basic technology in the intelligent collision avoidance system for vehicle blind spots.

zh-cn	该技术的研究和应用对降低交通事故损失具有重要意义。
en-us	The research and application of this technology is of great significance to reduce the loss of traffic accidents.

zh-cn	本文面向车辆盲区防撞系统设计的交通目标智能检测，其在基础模型中融合了两个性能提升策略。
en-us	In this paper, a detection model for vehicle blind zone collision avoidance system design, which combines two performance improvement strategies in the basic model.

zh-cn	将该模型应用于国内和国外道路场景检测数据集，以验证模型在所有范围和近距离目标的检测性能。
en-us	The model is applied to domestic and foreign road scene detection data sets to verify the detection performance of the model in all ranges and short-range targets.

zh-cn	实验结果表明该模型可以对近距目标表现出较高的检测精度，且具有较高的检测速度，
en-us	Experimental results show that the model can show high detection accuracy for close targets and has a high detection speed.

zh-cn	因此该模型可适用于车辆低速启动或者转弯时智能盲区防撞系统对交通目标的检测需求。
en-us	Therefore, the model can be applied to the detection requirements of the intelligent blind zone collision avoidance system for traffic targets when the vehicle starts at low speed or when turning.

zh-cn	微弱目标探测一直是机载雷达，尤其是机载预警雷达面临的重要挑战。
en-us	Weak target detection has always been an important challenge for airborne radar, especially for airborne early warning radar.

zh-cn	针对这一问题提出一种目标帧间非相参积累和检测方法。
en-us	A target interframe noncoherent integration and detection method is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	首先，建立了机载雷达多帧信号采用不同载频和脉冲重复周期场景下的回波信号模型。
en-us	Firstly, the airborne radar signal model when multiple frames using different carried frequency and pulse repetition interval is build.

zh-cn	其次，提出了一种运动目标帧间多普勒校正和距离单元走动补偿方法，使得经过处理后的目标在不同帧数据中位于相同待检测单元。
en-us	Secondly, a method of the moving target Doppler correction and the range migration compensation is proposed, which makes the target after processing between different frames in the same cell to be detected.

zh-cn	然后，为了避免强目标解距离模糊引入的虚假目标，进行强目标检测和剔除。
en-us	Then, to avoid the false targets introduced by resolving the range ambiguity of strong target, the detection and deletion of strong targets is applied.

zh-cn	最后，利用距离周期扩展方法解距离模糊，并进行帧间非相参积累。
en-us	Finally, range cycle expansion is used to resolve range ambiguity, and interframe noncoherent integration is applied.

zh-cn	经过提出方法处理后，微弱目标的检测性能得到提升。
en-us	After processing by the proposed method, the detection performance for weak target is improved.

zh-cn	利用仿真试验验证了提出方法的有效性。
en-us	Simulation result is given to prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

zh-cn	车载雷达间相互干扰可能会导致传感器灵敏度降低，某些情况下会产生虚警。
en-us	Mutual interference between automotive radars may reduce the sensitivity of the sensor, and false alarms may occur sometimes.

zh-cn	针对这个问题，本文提出了一种基于粒子群优化和自适应对消的干扰抑制方法。
en-us	To solve this problem, this paper proposed an interference suppression method based on particle swarm optimization and adaptive cancellation.

zh-cn	该方法将发射端波形优化及接收端自适应滤波相结合，进一步提高雷达的干扰抑制能力。
en-us	This method combines waveform optimization at the transmitter and adaptive filtering at the receiver to further improve the radar's interference suppression capabilities.

zh-cn	首先采用粒子群算法进行波形参数优化，在参数约束范围内最小化波形相关性，缓解虚警问题，
en-us	First, the particle swarm algorithm is used to optimize the waveform parameters to minimize the waveform similarity within the parameter constraints and alleviate the false alarm problem.

zh-cn	然后基于正交接收机内干扰的正负频谱共轭相关而目标信息仅存在于频谱正半部分的特点，通过最小均方迭代得到最优滤波器，实现自适应干扰对消。
en-us	Then, based on the characteristics that the interference is conjugate correlated in the positive and negative spectrum and the target is only in the positive half of the spectrum, obtain the optimal filter through least mean square iteration to achieve adaptive interference cancellation.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该方法对多干扰有良好的抑制效果。
en-us	The simulation verifies that this method has a good suppression effect for many kinds of interferences.

zh-cn	当空间中存在大功率主瓣干扰时，传统特征投影类干扰抑制方法存在主瓣峰值偏移、旁瓣内干扰零陷变浅等问题。
en-us	When the mainlobe interference with high power exists in the space, the traditional interference suppression methods based on eigen-projection have some problems, such as mainlobe peak shift, shallow sidelobe notches and so on.

zh-cn	针对上述问题，本文提出一种新的基于特征子空间的主瓣干扰抑制方法。
en-us	In view of the above problems, a new method for suppressing mainlobe interference based on eigen-subspace is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	首先根据赤池信息准则(AIC)与相关性判别分离主、旁瓣干扰的特征矢量;
en-us	Firstly, the eigenvectors of mainlobe and sidelobe interferences are determined according to Akaike Information Criterion(AIC) and correlation discrimination.

zh-cn	其次利用特征投影预处理抑制主瓣干扰分量;
en-us	Secondly, the mainlobe interference component is suppressed by eigen-projection preprocessing.

zh-cn	最后定义新的权矢量赋形方式，在主瓣子空间约束及旁瓣干扰线性约束下进行自适应波束形成。
en-us	Finally, by defining a new configuration method of weight vectors, adaptive beamforming is performed under the constraint of mainlobe subspace and the linear constraints of sidelobe interferences.

zh-cn	仿真实验结果表明，所提方法达到了更为稳健的方向图保型效果，获得了趋近于理想零值的干扰处零陷增益，提高了1. 3 dB以上的输出信干噪比(SINR)。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed method achieves a more robust pattern preserving effect, obtains a notch gain close to the ideal zero value of each interference, and improves the output Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio(SINR) by more than 1. 3 dB.

zh-cn	针对未知环境模型下的多帧距离门拖引干扰的策略优化问题，提出一种基于改进粒子群算法的拖引干扰策略优化方案。
en-us	The optimal strategy problem of multi-frame range gate pull-off(RGPO) jamming with unknown environment model was studied. We used improved Particle Swarm Optimization(IPSO) to solve the problem.

zh-cn	首先，以平均波门偏移距离作为干扰效果的性能评价指标，建立了距离门拖引干扰的多帧联合优化模型。
en-us	First, we used the difference between the center of the range gate and the true target position as the evaluation index of the jamming effect, and constructed a multi-frame joint optimization model of RGPO jamming.

zh-cn	然后，为了解决目标函数解析表达式难以获取的难点，提出了一种结合奖励机制的蒙特卡洛目标函数拟合方法;
en-us	Then, in order to solve the difficulty of obtaining objective function analytical expressions, a fitting method of Monte Carlo objective function combined with reward mechanism was proposed.

zh-cn	在此基础上，面向优化维度过高的难点，提出了基于粒子群算法的策略优化方法;
en-us	On this basis, a strategy optimization method based on particle swarm optimization algorithm was proposed for the difficulty of high optimization dimension.

zh-cn	最后，数值仿真结果证明了算法的有效性。
en-us	Finally, numerical results were provided to verify the validity of the proposed algorithm.

zh-cn	对流风暴的新生和发展演变与三维风场存在密切联系，
en-us	The birth and development of convective storms were closely related to the three-dimensional(3 D) wind field.

zh-cn	多普勒天气雷达可利用多普勒效应测量径向速度，可及时地反映风场信息。
en-us	The Doppler weather radar could use the Doppler effect to measure the radial velocity and reflect the wind field information in time.

zh-cn	基于线性风场假设和全方位均匀采样的速度方位显示(VAD)技术是目前应用最广泛的使用单部多普勒雷达反演风场的方法，
en-us	The velocity azimuth display(VAD) technology based on linear wind field assumptions and omni-directional uniform sampling was the most widely used method to retrieve three-dimensional wind fields for single Doppler radar.

zh-cn	然而对于台风、龙卷等强对流天气系统，其内部风场空间分布复杂，线性风场假设不成立，以及由于机动平台非理想运动无法保证等方位间隔的均匀采样，导致反演精度不高。
en-us	However, for strong convective weather systems such as typhoons and tornadoes, the spatial distribution of the internal wind field was complicated so that the assumption of linear wind field was not valid and the uniform sampling at equal azimuth intervals cannot be guaranteed due to the nonideal motion of the mobile platform, which resulted in low retrieval accuracy.

zh-cn	本文提出了一种基于修正VAD技术的非线性风场反演方法，
en-us	This paper proposed a three-dimensional wind field inversion method based on the non-uniform sampling modified VAD technology.

zh-cn	建立了机动平台下视圆锥扫描几何模型以及复杂风场的非线性空间分布模型，
en-us	The nonlinear spatial distribution model of the complex wind field and the omnidirectional non-uniform sampling data model of radial Doppler velocity were established.

zh-cn	相对于传统VAD技术，该方法更能反映真实的复杂风场结构，具有更好的反演效果。
en-us	Compared with the traditional VAD technology, the wind field retrieval results of this method can better represent the real complex wind field structure and better retrieval effects.

zh-cn	针对现有旋翼无人机雷达回波信号仿真方法未将密切相关的机身速度与旋翼转速相关联的问题，本文利用旋翼无人机的飞控特征，提出了一种将机身运动与旋翼转速相结合的四旋翼无人机雷达回波信号仿真方法。
en-us	Aiming at the problem that the existing radar echoes simulation method of rotor drones does not correlate the closely related drone body velocity with the rotors rotation speed, a quadrotor drone radar echoes signal simulation method utilizing flight control characteristics which combines the drone body motion with the rotors rotation speed is proposed.

zh-cn	首先根据雷达回波仿真所需参数利用四旋翼无人机飞控原理给出一种机身速度与旋翼转速关联的简化运动模型，
en-us	Firstly, according to the parameters required for radar echoes simulation, a simplified motion model associating the drone body speed with the rotors rotation speed is given using the flight control principle of the quadrotor drone.

zh-cn	其次推导并给出线性调频体制雷达四旋翼无人机雷达回波信号模型，
en-us	Then a radar echoes signal model of the quadrotor drone for the linear frequency modulated radar is deduced and given.

zh-cn	最后利用坐标系转换将简化运动模型与回波信号模型相结合。
en-us	Finally, the simplified motion model and the radar echoes signal model are combined employing the coordinate system conversion.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，仿真回波信号的时频分析结果能够体现机身速度和旋翼转速相关联的微多普勒特征，对于无人机运动状态变化的情况，其雷达回波仿真有必要将机身速度与旋翼转速联合考虑。
en-us	The experiment results show that the time frequency analysis results of simulated echoes signals can reflect the micro-Doppler characteristics related to the speed of the drone body and the rotors rotation speed, and it is necessary to consider relation of the drone body speed and the rotors rotation speed in the radar echoes simulation when the drone motion state varies.

zh-cn	本文针对海杂波背景下的慢速微弱目标的检测问题，根据海杂波和目标的振荡特性差异，提出了一种基于自适应可调Q因子小波变换(Adaptive Tunable Q-factor Wavelet Transform，A-TQWT)的海杂波背景下的目标检测算法。
en-us	In this paper, for the detection of slow and weak targets submersed in the sea clutter, by utilizing the difference between the oscillation characteristics of the sea clutter and the moving targets, a slow and weak target detection algorithm in the background of sea clutter based on the adaptive tunable Q-factor wavelet transform is proposed.

zh-cn	通过迭代计算、搜索出最能匹配海杂波和目标振荡特性的可调Q小波变换(TQWT)三元参数组合(Q，r，J)，运用形态分量分析法(Morphological Component Analysis，MCA)对海面回波信号进行分析，得到目标的最优稀疏表示;
en-us	Through iterative calculation and searching for the optimal ternary parameter combination that best matches the sea clutter and target oscillation characteristics, the morphological component analysis method is used to analyze the sea surface echo signal to obtain the optimal sparse representation of the target;

zh-cn	再根据目标分量各小波子带占总能量的比重，选取合适的门限确定重构小波系数集进行重构，得到目标的重构信号，从而实现目标和海杂波的有效分离。
en-us	then according to the proportion of each wavelet sub-band in the total energy of the target component, an appropriate threshold is selected to determine the reconstruction wavelet coefficient set, and thus the target signal can be effectively separated from the sea clutter.

zh-cn	最后在IPIX实测数据集上添加慢速微弱运动目标进行算法验证，
en-us	Finally, simulation experiments with measured data from IPIX are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

zh-cn	结果表明本文提出的算法可以有效检测出落入海杂波多普勒通道中的慢速微弱目标，且不需要任何目标和杂波的先验信息。
en-us	Results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively detect the slow and weak target falling into the sea clutter Doppler channel without any prior information of targets and clutter.

zh-cn	为了有效地解决使用深度神经网络求解波达方向(DOA)估计涉及到的大规模分类器的训练和部署实现，本文提出将传统的one-hot分类器分解为多个类别互质的小分类器，然后联合使用多个互质分类器的分类结果重构原始one-hot标签。
en-us	In order to effectively solve the training and deployment implementation of large-scale classifiers involved in deep neural network to solve direction of arrival(DOA)estimation, we propose to decompose the traditional one-hot classifier into small co-prime classifiers with relatively small label, and then reconstruct the original one-hot label by combining the classification results of co-prime classifiers.

zh-cn	首先使用标签分解，将原始标签分解为多个互质的小标签，小标签对应的类别为原始类别对质数取余数的结果。
en-us	First, the original label is decomposed into a number of small co-prime labels. The corresponding category of the small labels is the result of the remainder of the prime number of the original label.

zh-cn	其次，通过独立并行地训练每一个互质分类器，降低了大类别条件下分类器的训练难度。
en-us	Secondly, by training each co-prime classifier independently and in parallel, the difficulty of training classifiers under the condition of large categories is reduced.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，相比one-hot分类器，互质分类器网络的复杂度低，易于训练。
en-us	The simulation results show that compared with the one-hot classifier, the co-prime classifiers has lower complexity and is easy to train.

zh-cn	另外，使用互质分类器进行DOA估计能够实现超分辨并且估计的精度比one-hot分类器以及稀疏贝叶斯学习等方法更高。
en-us	In addition, DOA estimation using co-prime classifiers can achieve super-resolution and the estimation accuracy is higher than that of one-hot classifier and sparse Bayesian learning method.

zh-cn	无人机充当中继辅助物联网节点传输信号时，易遭受干扰强度动态变化的智能干扰等敌意攻击，
en-us	The Internet of Things node can transmit messages aided by the unmanned aerial vehicle who acts as the relay node, which are vulnerable to be attacked, such as the jammer who can change the interference intensity randomly.

zh-cn	论文建立了抗敌意干扰攻防Stackelberg博弈模型，其中物联网节点、无人机和智能干扰机为博弈的3个参与者，
en-us	A Stackelberg game model of attacking and defensing anti-jamming was investigated in this thesis, the Internet of Things node, the unmanned aerial vehicle and a jammer were the three players in the game,

zh-cn	推导出博弈均衡点及其存在条件，揭示了参与者的信道增益、距离等参数对物联网效用等性能的影响。
en-us	the Stackelberg equilibriums and its existence condition also were derived, which revealed the influence of channel gain, distance and other parameters on the utility of the system.

zh-cn	在未知干扰模型的条件下，论文引入了强化学习算法动态优化物联网节点的发射功率、无人机的发射功率和移动轨迹，有效的提高了系统抗干扰性能。
en-us	The reinforcement learning algorithm were used to dynamically optimize the transmit of the Internet of Things node and the unmanned aerial vehicle and the moving trajectory about the unmanned aerial vehicle without known the interference model, which can effectively improve the anti-jamming performance of the system.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，与基于Qlearning的算法相比，基于WoLF-PHC的算法将无人机的效用提升了84. 8%。
en-us	The simulation results show that the algorithm-based WoLF-PHC increases the utility of the unmanned aerial vehicle by 84. 8% compared with the algorithm-based Qlearning.

zh-cn	针对多输入多输出(Multiple Input Multiple Output，MIMO)系统中的空时分组码识别(Space-Time Block Code，STBC)问题，本文提出了一种利用卷积-循环神经网络的串行序列空时分组码识别方法。
en-us	Aiming at the space-time block code recognition problem of multiple input multiple output system, a method of space-time block code recognition for serial sequences by using convolutional cyclic neural network is proposed.

zh-cn	将一维接收信号的实部和虚部分离后输入网络，利用卷积神经网络(CNN)提取其空间特征，结合循环神经网络(RNN)提取其深层时序特征，提高网络的特征表达能力;
en-us	The real and imaginary parts of the one-dimensional received signal are separated into the network, and the spatial characteristics are extracted by the convolutional neural network, and the deep-seated temporal characteristics are extracted by the recurrent neural network, so as to improve the characteristic expression ability of the network.

zh-cn	网络训练过程采用反向传播方法，通过计算输出与目标值的误差，将误差反向传回网络中并更新权值，完成网络的训练过程;
en-us	The network training process adopts the back propagation method to calculate the error between the output and the target value, send the error back to the network and update the weight to complete the network training.

zh-cn	将测试集数据输入训练好的网络中，实现对空时分组码的识别和区分。
en-us	The test data is input into the trained network to realize the recognition of STBC code.

zh-cn	该方法将深度学习算法运用到串行序列空时分组码识别当中，训练完的网络可直接对单接收天线下的空时分组码进行识别，不需要重复计算信号的统计特征，避免了人为设计特征参数和检测阈值。
en-us	This method applies the deep learning algorithm to the recognition of space-time block codes of serial sequences for the first time.

zh-cn	该方法不需要知道信道和噪声的先验信息，适用于电子侦查等非协作通信情况。
en-us	The trained network can directly recognize space-time block codes under a single receiving antenna without the need to double calculate the statistical characteristics of the signal and avoid the artificial design of feature parameters and detection threshold.

zh-cn	仿真实验表明，该算法能够有效地对串行序列空时分组码进行识别，并且在低信噪比下有较好的识别性能。
en-us	Simulation results show that the algorithm can recognize the space-time block codes of serial sequences and has good recognition performance under low SNR.

zh-cn	为了解决传统的相关滤波跟踪算法在复杂环境中容易跟踪失败的问题，本文提出时间驱动的异常学习相关滤波器，旨在提高模型在复杂环境下的适应性，实现安全有效的目标跟踪。
en-us	In order to solve the problem that the traditional correlation filter tracking algorithm is easy to fail in complex environments, this paper proposes time-driven correlation filter with aberrance learning(ALTCF) to improve the adaptability of the model in complex environments and achieve safe and effective object tracking.

zh-cn	通过引入结合异常学习的时间正则项，该模型不仅可以结合滤波器响应相似度和时间域特征搜索到目标，达到抑制异常的效果，还可以提高外观模型在时域中的鲁棒性，缓解时间滤波器退化。
en-us	By introducing temporal regularization term with aberrance learning, the model in this paper can not only search for objects by combining the similarity of filter response maps and temporal features to achieve the effect of suppressing aberrance, but also improve the robustness of appearance model and alleviate temporal filter degradation.

zh-cn	另外，本文采用交替方向乘子法(Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers，ADMM)算法实现模型的优化过程，大大减少模型的计算复杂度。
en-us	In addition, this paper uses the alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM) algorithm to achieve the optimization process of the model, which greatly reduces the computational complexity of the model.

zh-cn	大量的实验结果证实了所提出的跟踪算法性能的优越性。
en-us	A large number of experiments confirm the superiority of ALTCF tracking performance.

zh-cn	针对采用无线携能传输(SWIPT)的多中继协作底层认知NOMA网络，提出一种基于NOMA和串行干扰消除协议的两阶段中继选择策略(TSRS)。
en-us	For underlay non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) cognitive networks using simultaneous wireless information and power transmission(SWIPT), a two-stage relay selection strategy(TSRS) based on NOMA and successive interference cancellation protocols is proposed.

zh-cn	在保护主用户的干扰温度限约束下，次级网络源节点和最优中继均以固定功率分配生成多用户叠加信号向下一跳链路发送，
en-us	Under the interference temperature constraint to protect the primary user, the source node and the optimal relay of the secondary network both generate multiuser superimposed signals with a fixed power allocation for them to be sent on the next hop link.

zh-cn	最优中继采用功率分割方案采集能量，只利用从第一跳链路采集到的能量提供解码转发(DF)服务。
en-us	The optimal relay harvests energy from the first-hop link by using the power splitting scheme, and uses only the harvested energy to provide the decode-and-forward(DF) service.

zh-cn	推导了用户中断概率的闭合表达式，进行了蒙特卡洛仿真验证，
en-us	The closed-form expressions for users' outage probabilities are derived and verified by Monte Carlo simulations.

zh-cn	分析了功率分配因子、能量分裂参数、干扰温度限和中继数量等系统参数对中断性能的影响。
en-us	The influences of system parameters such as power allocation factor, energy splitting parameter, interference temperature constraint, and the number of relays on the outage performance is analyzed.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提方案可显著提升协作系统中断性能。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the outage performance of the system.

zh-cn	针对核相关滤波器跟踪算法(Kernel Correlation Filter，KCF)在特征提取单一以及尺度估计不足而导致跟踪效果不佳的问题，本文提出了一种多特征融合的尺度自适应核相关滤波目标跟踪算法。
en-us	Aiming at the problem of single feature extraction and insufficient scale estimation of kernel correlation filter tracking algorithm, which leads to poor tracking effect, this paper proposed a multi-feature fusion and scale adaptive kernel correlation filter target tracking algorithm.

zh-cn	首先，使用帧差法将相邻帧图像对应像素值相减得到差分图像;
en-us	First, the frame difference method was used to subtract the corresponding pixel values of adjacent frame images to obtain differential image features;

zh-cn	其次，提取差分图像的方向直方图特征，与目标的均一局部二值纹理特征以及颜色特征进行线性加权融合;
en-us	secondly, direction histogram feature extraction was performed on the difference image, and then linear weighted and fused with the uniform local binary pattern features and color names features.

zh-cn	最后，加入一种尺度估计策略，将尺度滤波器的估计值与分块算法的估计值融合计算得出目标的尺度和位置。
en-us	Finally, an adaptive scale estimation strategy was proposed, which combined the estimated value of the scale filter and the block algorithm to calculate the scale and position of the target.

zh-cn	实验数据表明，本方法能有效改善核相关滤波器的跟踪性能，且与其他主流算法相比，在尺度变换下也有较好的跟踪效果。
en-us	Our method can improve the tracking performance of the kernel correlation filter, and compared with other mainstream algorithms, it also has better tracking effect under scale transformation.

zh-cn	本文提出了一种基于FFTNet的生成对抗网络模型来实现极端音频超分辨率任务。
en-us	This paper proposes a generative adversarial network model based on FFTNet to achieve extreme audio super-resolution tasks.

zh-cn	生成器采用并行、非因果、Non-local运算的三路分裂求和FFTNet，此浅层模型速度快，精度高，能更好的提取时域音频的长期相关结构，以期望分辨率提取特征，提升重建性能;
en-us	The generator uses parallel, non-causal, and non-local three-way split-sum FFTNet. This shallow model is fast and accurate. It can better extract the long-term correlation structure of time-domain audio and extract features at the desired resolution, can help improve reconstruction performance.

zh-cn	设计匹配性能的判别器，稳定适应生成对抗架构;
en-us	In addition, a discriminator with matching performance is designed to stably adapt to the generation adversarial architecture.

zh-cn	融合基于频域的感知损失，与样本空间损失固定加权减少重建失真和提高感知质量。
en-us	Fusion based on the frequency domain perceptual loss, fixed weight with sample space loss to reduce reconstruction distortion and improve perceptual quality.

zh-cn	从主客观进行系统评价，本文方法都优于基线模型，从2x/4x/6x倍还原效果来看，模型具有极端的高频重建能力，有助于提高音频信号的时间分辨率。
en-us	From the subjective and objective system evaluation, the method in this paper is better than the baseline model. Judging from the 2 x/4 x/6 x times reduction effect, the model has extreme high-frequency reconstruction ability, which helps to improve the time resolution of the audio signal.

zh-cn	航班飞行过程中一些因素会对当前飞行轨迹产生影响，
en-us	Some factors in the flight process will have an impact on the current trajectory.

zh-cn	从而导致实时航迹与历史航迹相比有一定的差异，使得仅基于历史航迹数据的航迹预测模型的预测性能变差。
en-us	There is a certain difference between the real-time trajectory and the historical trajectory, and the prediction performance of the trajectory prediction model based on historical trajectory data becomes worse.

zh-cn	为解决该问题，提出了一种基于在线更新长短期记忆(Long Short-Term Memory，LSTM)网络的短期4D航迹预测算法，
en-us	To solve this problem, a short-term 4 D trajectory prediction algorithm based on online-updating long short-term memory(LSTM) is proposed.

zh-cn	该算法由基于历史航迹数据的预测模型初始化参数训练和基于实时航迹数据的预测模型参数在线更新两部分构成。
en-us	The prediction algorithm is composed of two parts: the initial parameters training of the prediction model based on historical trajectory data and the parameters online-updating for the prediction model based on real-time trajectory data.

zh-cn	首先建立基于LSTM神经网络的航迹预测模型，
en-us	The trajectory prediction model is established through the LSTM neural network first.

zh-cn	使用历史航迹数据进行训练并保存训练完成的预测模型参数，
en-us	The historical trajectory data are used to train the model and the trained parameters of the model are saved.

zh-cn	然后使用实时航迹数据对航迹预测模型进行在线训练并微调参数，
en-us	Then, the real-time trajectory data are used to retrain and fine-tune the parameters of the trajectory prediction model.

zh-cn	使用在线更新参数后的预测模型实现4D航迹短期预测，以期达到提升预测准确度的目的。
en-us	The online-updating prediction model is used to predict the short-term 4 D trajectory data, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the prediction accuracy.

zh-cn	利用实际航迹数据对算法的性能进行验证，
en-us	The actual trajectory data are used to verify the performance of the algorithm.

zh-cn	结果表明新方法能够考虑实时飞行过程中各因素对航迹产生的影响，有效提升经度、纬度、高度和时间的预测准确度，并具有良好的泛化能力。
en-us	Experimental results show that the new prediction model with a good generalization ability can take into account the influence of various factors on the trajectory during the real-time flight process and improve the prediction accuracy of longitude, latitude, height, and time effectively.

zh-cn	复杂的应用场景下，平台速度不能保持恒定。
en-us	In complex application scenarios, the velocity of radar platform cannot be kept constant.

zh-cn	加速度的存在增加了双基合成孔径雷达距离和方位向的耦合，使成像处理更加困难。
en-us	The existence of acceleration increases the coupling of range and azimuth of bistatic SAR, which makes the imaging processing more difficult.

zh-cn	论文提出了一种二维频谱的正交解耦合方法，以解决加速度下的双基SAR成像问题。
en-us	In this paper, an orthogonal decoupling method of two-dimensional spectrum is proposed to solve the imaging problem of bistatic SAR under acceleration.

zh-cn	首先利用Chebyshev多项式将斜距展开成幂级数形式，
en-us	Firstly, Chebyshev polynomials are used to expand the slant range into higher-order power series, which improves the accuracy of slant range approximation.

zh-cn	然后利用驻留相位原理和级数反演法(Method of Series Reversion，MSR)得到回波信号的二维频谱。
en-us	Then, the method of series inversion is used to obtain the high-order approximate two-dimensional spectrum of echo signal.

zh-cn	在此基础上，将二维频谱中的耦合相位进行Chebyshev正交分解，以解除距离和方位的耦合。
en-us	On this basis, the coupling phase terms of the two-dimensional spectrum are decomposed by Chebyshev orthogonal polynomials to eliminate the range-azimuth coupling.

zh-cn	最终通过相位补偿实现聚焦成像。
en-us	Finally, focus imaging is realized by phase compensation.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该方法能有效克服加速度的影响，并提高目标的成像质量。
en-us	Experimental results show that this method can effectively overcome the influence of acceleration and improve the imaging quality of point targets.

zh-cn	理论推导和仿真结果验证了算法的有效性和可行性。
en-us	Theoretical derivation and simulation results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the algorithm.

zh-cn	本文在背景噪声存在不确定性的无线通信中，研究对于监控方检测最有利条件下的单向隐蔽通信问题。
en-us	In the environment with noise uncertainty, the one-way covert communication was investigated under the best-case scenarios for the detection of a warden.

zh-cn	首先，根据接收方检测能力存在极限的事实，利用信道预编码保证在接收方处汇聚的信号功率超过其检测阈值，同时保证在监控方处弥散的信号功率低于检测阈值，进而实现基于信道差异的隐蔽通信。
en-us	First, given that receivers have detection limits, the channel-based precoding was applied to ensure that the power of signals converged at the receiver exceeds its detection limit, whereas the power of signals diffused at the warden is below its detection limit, achieving covert transmission based on the difference of wireless channels.

zh-cn	其次，本文推导了平均遍历隐蔽通信速率的闭式解。
en-us	Second, the closed-form expression of the average ergodic covert rate was derived.

zh-cn	理论分析和仿真结果表明，虽然在对于监控方检测最有利的场景中，噪声不确定性对隐蔽通信有负面作用，
en-us	The theoretical analyses and simulation experiments results indicate that the uncontrollable noise uncertainty in environments has negative effects on covert transmission in the best-case scenarios for the warden.

zh-cn	但是通过增加天线数量依旧可以达到正的隐蔽通信速率。
en-us	However, positive covert rates can still be achieved by controlling power and the antenna number.

zh-cn	在复杂电磁环境的通信辐射源个体识别任务中，针对传统特征提取识别方法分类效果不佳和低信噪比环境下基于实数神经网络的方法识别准确率不高的问题，本文提出了一种基于复数残差网络的通信辐射源个体识别方法。
en-us	In complex electromagnetic environment, a method of individual identification of communication emitter based on complex residual network was proposed in this paper. The aim was to solve the problems of poor classification effect of traditional feature extraction and low identification accuracy of real neural network in low SNR environment.

zh-cn	将实际采集的I路和Q路电台数据组合成复数作为输入，根据电台数据集特点选取复数初始化方法、复数激活函数，
en-us	In this paper, we first combined the data collected from the I-channel and Q-channel into a complex number as input, and selected the complex initialization method and activation function according to the characteristics of the radio data set.

zh-cn	以改进的复数残差块为基础构建复数残差网络，进一步调整和优化网络结构并运用到辐射源个体识别任务中。
en-us	Then we constructed the complex-valued residual network based on the improved complex-valued residual block, and finally applied the further optimized network structure to the task of individual identification of communication emitter.

zh-cn	通过实验证明，相比于实数残差网络和人工特征提取方法，复数残差网络的性能更优，并且在低信噪比的条件下，基于复数残差网络的方法鲁棒性更强。
en-us	Experimental results show that, the complex-valued residual network has better performance, compared with the real residual neural network and the artificial feature extraction method. Moreover, the method based on complex-valued residual network is more robust under the condition of low SNR.

zh-cn	针对混沌基函数在数字化生成时出现混沌退化现象，导致变换域通信系统隐蔽性和安全性下降的问题，提出一种反馈控制混沌基函数的生成方法。
en-us	Chaotic degradation occurs when the chaotic basis function is generated digitally in transform domain communication system, which leads to the decrease of the concealment and security of communication. In response to the above problems, a feedback control method for generating chaotic basis functions is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法主要基于改进型反馈控制混沌序列，并据此产生伪随机相位;
en-us	This method is mainly based on the improved feedback control chaotic sequence and generates pseudo-random phase accordingly.

zh-cn	在Lyapunov指数严格为正的反馈控制混沌系统基础上，分析得出该系统数字化时所需的最小运算精度;
en-us	Firstly, on the basis of the feedback control chaotic system with Lyapunov index being strictly positive, the minimum operation accuracy required for digitization of the system is obtained.

zh-cn	同时，引入调整因子，使得数字混沌系统与原始混沌系统特性保持一致。
en-us	Secondly, the adjustment factor is introduced to make the digital chaotic system consistent with the original chaotic system.

zh-cn	理论分析和仿真实验表明，该方法能产生大量伪随机性强、复杂度高的混沌基函数，在基函数延时自相关、相位覆盖率和近似熵等多个方面具有良好的综合性能。
en-us	Theoretical analysis and simulation experiments show that this method can produce a large number of chaotic basis functions with strong pseudo-randomness and high complexity, and has good comprehensive performance in such aspects as the delay autocorrelation, phase coverage and approximate entropy of the basis functions.

zh-cn	针对大瞬时宽带线性调频信号的时差/尺度差在低信噪比下估计精度下降和算法运算量大的问题。
en-us	Aiming at the problem of the time difference of arrival(TDOA)/the scale difference of arrival(SDOA) about the large instantaneous wideband chirp signals, the estimation accuracy is reduced and the algorithm calculation is large under the low signal-to-noise ratio.

zh-cn	本文利用时频轴旋转、魏格纳分布和模糊函数的关系推导出分数阶傅里叶四阶中心矩和尺度差的关系式，通过寻找两路信号的分数阶傅里叶四阶中心矩在角度域的位置，即可获得尺度差的估计值。
en-us	This paper uses the relationship between time-frequency axis rotation, Wigner distribution and ambiguity function to derive the relationship between the fractional Fourier fourth-order central moment and the SDOA, By finding the position of the central moment of the fractional Fourier fourth-order of the two signals in the angle domain, the SDOA can be estimated.

zh-cn	将估计的尺度差对一路信号进行伸缩，并计算伸缩后信号与另一接收信号的时域相关，根据相关峰的位置估计出时差，并对本文算法抗噪性进行定性推导。
en-us	The estimated SDOA is stretched to one signal, and the time domain correlation between the stretched signal and another received signal is calculated, and the TDOA is estimated according to the position of the correlation peak, and qualitatively derive the noise resistance of the algorithm in this paper.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，相比于分数阶傅里叶尺度变换时差/尺度差估计算法，本文算法提高了在低信噪比下时差/尺度差估计精度，并对算法抗噪性定量分析得出本文算法抗噪性更好。
en-us	The simulation results show that compared to TDOA/SDOA estimation algorithm based on the fractional Fourier scaling transform, The algorithm in this paper improves the estimation accuracy of time difference/scale difference under low signal-to-noise ratio, and quantitatively analyzes the anti-noise performance of the algorithm. The algorithm in this paper has better anti-noise performance.

zh-cn	在真实的战场环境中，我们很难采集到足够的带标签的敌方辐射源数据，
en-us	In the real battlefield environment, it is difficult for us to collect enough labeled enemy radiation source data.

zh-cn	通过不断地发展，CNN神经网络有着很强的处理图片分类的能力，
en-us	Through continuous development, CNN neural network has a strong ability to process image classification,

zh-cn	为了充分利用发展最为成熟的CNN神经网络，本文提出了一种将IQ路数据转化成图片的识别方法。
en-us	in order to make full use of the most mature CNN neural network. Network, this paper proposes a recognition method that converts IQ data into pictures.

zh-cn	由于数据的IQ图具有重复性与个体的差异性，通过实验，这种方法在识别不同个体超短波电台上有着94%的正确率，
en-us	Because the IQ map of the data has repeatability and individual differences, through experiments, this method has a 94% correct rate in identifying different individual ultrashort wave radio stations.

zh-cn	对比双谱特征，IQ图特征具有更强的识别能力。
en-us	Compared with the bispectral feature, the IQ map feature has a stronger recognition ability.

zh-cn	这种特征变换方法简单，并且CNN网络处理图片分类的技术成熟，具有很强的实用性。
en-us	This feature transformation method is simple, and the CNN network processing image classification technology is mature and has strong practicability.

zh-cn	针对ADS-B电文报头检测中的误报问题，提出双门限报头检测方法。
en-us	For the purpose of reducing the false alarms during the ADS-B message preamble detection, a double-threshold preamble detection method was proposed.

zh-cn	该方法根据本地报头与接收信号滑动相关的特点，分别针对关注信号与背景信号给出了恒虚警(CFAR)门限和半幅度门限，
en-us	The method analyzed the sliding relevant feature between the local preamble and the received signal, then given the Constant False Alarm Rate(CFAR) threshold and the half-amplitude threshold resrespectively for the focus signal and the background signal.

zh-cn	综合双门限进行两次检测判决可使方法适用于低信噪比环境，并在进行循环冗余校验之前显著地抑制误报。
en-us	By combining double threshold, the method was effective for low SNR environment and could significantly suppress false alarms before cyclic redundancy check.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，双门限检测方法在低信噪比区间具备与CFAR方法相似的检测性能，在高信噪比区间具有较低的平均样本误报概率。
en-us	The simulation results showed that the double threshold detection method had similar detection performance to CFAR method in low SNR range and lower mean sample false alarm rate in high SNR range.

zh-cn	双门限检测方法是一种适用于高动态信噪比范围的具备误报抑制能力的ADS-B电文报头检测方法。
en-us	The result of the present work implied that the double threshold detection method was an ADS-B message preamble detection method with false alarms suppression ability, which is applicable to a high dynamic SNR range.

zh-cn	无小区大规模多输入多输出(multiple-input multiple-output，MIMO)系统具有广阔的频谱，但是导频训练阶段的导频污染严重影响了系统的性能，因此减少导频污染成为必要。
en-us	The cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) system has a broad spectrum, but the pilot contamination in the pilot training phase seriously affects the performance of the system, so it is necessary to reduce the pilot contamination.

zh-cn	为了减少导频污染，文中提出了一种结合贪婪导频分配的导频功率控制的算法。
en-us	In order to reduce pilot contamination, a pilot power control algorithm combined with greedy pilot assignment is proposed.

zh-cn	首先进行贪婪导频分配，此阶段提高了较低性能用户的有限性能。
en-us	First, greedy pilot assignment is performed. This stage improves the limited performance of lower-performance users.

zh-cn	之后在合理的导频分配的基础上，进行导频功率控制，此阶段最小化了所有用户的归一化均方误差的最大值。
en-us	Then, on the basis of reasonable pilot assignment, the pilot power control is performed. This stage minimizes the maximum value of the normalized mean square error of all users.

zh-cn	两个阶段联合导频优化，提高了系统的网络吞吐量。
en-us	The two-stage joint pilot optimization improves the network throughput of the system.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，文中提出的方法性能明显优于目前的研究所提出的分开优化导频分配和导频功率的方法性能。
en-us	The simulation results show that the performance of the method proposed in the article is significantly better than the performance of the method of separately optimizing pilot allocation and pilot power proposed by current research.

zh-cn	针对封闭环境下的混响对智能语音处理系统性能的影响，论文提出了一种麦克风阵列语音去混响方法。
en-us	In order to avoid the impact of reverberation in enclosed environments on the intelligent speech processing system, an adaptive speech dereverbration method was proposed in this thesis.

zh-cn	考虑到阵列接收信号所构建的协方差矩阵存在部分数值为零，进而造成输出语音信号失真的情况，
en-us	Given that some values of the covariance matrix constructed by the speech signal on microphone array might be zero, which may cause distortion of the output speech signal.

zh-cn	论文给出基于两个通道语音信号功率谱的相干扩散功率比(CDR)来实现协方差初始化，采用递归平均得到阵列接收信号协方差矩阵的估计值，进行通过多通道线性预测来优化MCLP的去混响方法。
en-us	The speech dereverbration using multi-channel linear prediction(MCLP) were adopted in the thesis, based on double-channel coherent-to-diffuse power ratio(CDR) covariance initialization and employing estimated value of the covariance matrix of the array received signals obtained by recursive averaging.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，通过不同混响条件下不同方法的比较，论文提出的去混响算法均取得了较好的去混响效果。
en-us	The experimental results show that the improved MCLP algorithm is more effective by comparing different methods in different reverberation environments.

zh-cn	针对下行双用户NOMA(Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)系统模型中存在智能窃听者，该窃听者可自适应地选择被动窃听或主动干扰工作模式，
en-us	In a downlink non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) system model with double users, there exists an intelligent eavesdropper that performs either passive eavesdropping or active jamming adaptively.

zh-cn	在不精确了解其干扰水平的情况下，部分NOMA用户很有可能遭遇传输质量下降乃至保密中断，这将对信息安全传输构成严重威胁。
en-us	Without an accurate understanding of the interference level, some NOMA users are likely to experience degraded transmission quality or even confidential interruptions, which threaten the secure transmission severely.

zh-cn	另外，由于信道衰落，用户的位置对系统整体性能有很大影响，难以保证距离源节点较远用户的传输质量。
en-us	Besides, the user's location has a great influence on performance due to the open nature of wireless channel, so edge users far away from the source node cannot guarantee the user's information transmission rate.

zh-cn	更值得考虑的是，由于节点的自私性，用户间的协作公平性也是一大挑战。
en-us	What is more it's worth considering, the user fairness is also a big challenge because of the selfishness of nodes.

zh-cn	由此，本文设计了一种新型的两阶段用户协作方案。
en-us	Thus, this paper designs a new cooperative NOMA scheme.

zh-cn	第一阶段，NOMA网络中远端用户采用全双工(full-duplex，FD)干扰智能窃听者。
en-us	In the first stage, the edge users employ the full-duplex jamming(FD) to send jamming signals to intelligent eavesdropper.

zh-cn	目前，全双工技术一般用于提高频谱资源利用率以及用户数据吞吐量方面，
en-us	The technology of the full duplex are commonly used to improve spectrum utilization and user data throughput.

zh-cn	本方案设计将全双工结合预编码矩阵用于干扰窃听，可在不干扰合法用户下有效降低窃听者质量。
en-us	Full duplex combined with precoding matrix is used to interfere with the eavesdropper, which reduce the quality of eavesdropper without interfering with legitimate users effectively.

zh-cn	第二阶段，近端用户可作为一个中继协助源节点转发远用户信号信息，并在接收端采用串行干扰消除(Successive Interference Cancellation，SIC)技术进行解码。
en-us	In the second stage, close users can act as relays to assist edge users forwarding signals. The successive interference cancellation technique is used to decode signals in the receiving terminal.

zh-cn	考虑到系统中不同用户的信息接收速率与通信需求不同之间的相关性，分别推导了遍历安全容量和遍历容量的解析表达式，
en-us	Considering the correlation between different users of information receiving rates and communication demands in the system, the closed-form expressions of ergodic achievable secrecy rate(EASR)and ergodic capacity are derived respectively.

zh-cn	同时分析了功率分配因子和用户间协作发射功率等因素对性能的影响。
en-us	Meanwhile, the influence of power allocation factor and the transmission power between users on performance are analyzed.

zh-cn	结果表明所提方案比现有方案，近端用户性能提升约21.4%，远端用户性能提升约6.5%，且信息接收更为平稳，
en-us	The results show that the performance of the proposed scheme is improved by about 21. 4% for the near users and 6. 5% for the edge of the user, and the information reception is more smooth than the existing scheme.

zh-cn	并通过Monte-Carlo仿真验证了其正确性。
en-us	The correctness of the proposed scheme is verified by Monte-Carlo simulation.

zh-cn	复杂背景下雷达微弱目标检测一直以来是雷达信号处理领域的国际性难题，
en-us	Radar weak target detection under complex background has always been a worldwide difficult problem in the field of radar signal processing.

zh-cn	随着雷达新体制的发展，给信号处理提供了更多的空间维度，
en-us	With the development of novel radar system, more spatial dimensions can be provided for signal processing.

zh-cn	正交波形MIMO雷达的宽发窄收观测方式可有效延长目标驻留时间、实现时域、空域和频率的联合处理和高分辨估计，从而有利于积累目标能量和抑制杂波，提高强杂波背景中弱小目标检测能力。
en-us	Orthogonal waveform multiple-input-multiple-output(MIMO) radar's wide-transmission and narrow-reception with ubiquitous observation can effectively extend the dwell time of the target. It can realize the joint signal processing in the time, space, and frequency domain, and high-resolution estimation, thereby helping to accumulate target's energy and suppress clutter, which can improve the ability for weak and small targets detection in strong clutter background.

zh-cn	本文对近年来正交波形MIMO雷达长时间积累和目标检测技术的研究进展进行了归纳总结，
en-us	In view of the advantages of orthogonal waveform MIMO radar, the recent research progress of long-time integration and target detection technology are summarized in this paper.

zh-cn	介绍了正交波形MIMO雷达长时积累的概念和分类，
en-us	The concept and classification of orthogonal waveform MIMO radar long-time integration are introduced.

zh-cn	并从机动目标回波特性认知、变换域相参积累、检测前跟踪、长时间相参积累、稀疏时频分析等方面给出了正交波形MIMO雷达机动目标积累的有效途径。
en-us	Effective solutions of maneuvering targets integration using orthogonal waveform MIMO radar are provided from the aspects of characteristics of maneuvering target, transform domain coherent integration, tracking-before-detection, long-time coherent integration, and sparse time-frequency analysis etc.

zh-cn	最后，该文总结了现有研究存在的问题，对未来关注的技术发展进行了展望。
en-us	Finally, the problems in the existing research are summarized, and the future development of technology is provided as well.

zh-cn	随着深度学习技术的迅猛发展，卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Networks，CNN)在合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar，SAR)舰船分类任务上取得很高的精度。
en-us	With the rapid development of deep learning technology, CNN has got great accuracy in SAR ship classification. However, because of the character of SAR picture and the fragility of CNN, the performance of CNN is unstable that causes hidden danger in practical application.

zh-cn	但同时，由于SAR成像存在相干斑噪声等特性以及CNN自身的脆弱性，使得预测结果稳定性较差，在实际应用中存在明显隐患。
en-us	For CNN's insufficient robustness in SAR ship identification task, this paper makes use of adversarial example to research the adversarial robustness of SAR ship identification that represent the ability of maintaining stable input-output relation under small change.

zh-cn	本文将对抗样本引入到SAR舰船识别鲁棒性的研究之中，通过从梯度、边界、黑盒模拟等多个角度对CNN网络进行全方位的对抗攻击及干扰，
en-us	This paper use kinds of adversarial attack based on gradient, boundary, block box and so on to fool most common CNN in SAR ship identification task.

zh-cn	海洋相关参数的遥感反演对灾害预警等有重要作用。
en-us	Remote sensing plays an important role in retrievals of ocean-related parameters, which are vital in disaster warning.

zh-cn	随着硬件的发展，星上实时处理成为可能。
en-us	With the development of hardware on-board satellites, real-time retrievals become possible.

zh-cn	海洋参数中，海面风场和浪场占据了重要地位。
en-us	Among ocean parameters, sea surface wind fields and wave heights are important.

zh-cn	本文的研究，首先对星上处理进行说明，并叙述星上环境的仿真方法。
en-us	The research in this paper firstly explains the on-board processing procedures and describes the simulation method of the on-board environment.

zh-cn	然后针对台风海面风场和海面浪场，使用散射计、辐射计联合观测以及高度计的观测，进行星上快速处理的实现方法研究。对选取的方法，使用卫星遥感数据，在星上仿真环境下实现运行。
en-us	Then, combined observation of scatterometer and radiometer, along with altimeter observations are used to realize corresponding method of fast processing on-board the satellites for the typhoon sea surface wind field and sea surface wave height

zh-cn	结果表明，研究中使用的方法能有效实现星上处理。
en-us	The results show that the method used in the study can effectively achieve on-board processing.

zh-cn	在“通导遥”一体化趋势下，该方法的应用将有效辅助自动的实时决策，实现灾害预警。
en-us	Under the trend of integration of “communication, navigation and remote sensing”, the application of this method will effectively assist automatic real-time decision-making and contribute to disaster warning.

zh-cn	下一步研究将实现更多参数的星上平台仿真。
en-us	The next step of the research will be to achieve more parameters on-board via platform simulation.

zh-cn	当前海面目标检测方法多基于统计理论，检测性能受背景统计特性假设的影响，
en-us	In this paper, the feature generalization learning ability of deep learning is used to process the signal time series amplitude information.

zh-cn	本文从信号预测和特征分类两个角度，分别采用长短时记忆网络(LSTM)和卷积神经网络(CNN)对信号时间序列幅度信息进行处理，用于海上目标一维序列雷达信号检测，该方法不需事先假设背景统计特性，泛化能力更强。
en-us	From the perspectives of signal prediction and feature classification, respectively, long short-term memory networks(LSTM) and convolutional neural networks(CNN) are used for the detection of target's one-dimensional sequence radar signal.

zh-cn	基于LSTM序列预测的目标检测方法通过用海杂波信号幅度时间序列对网络进行训练，再用训练后的网络对后续序列进行预测，并与后续实测信号进行比较，实现目标检测。
en-us	The target detection method based on LSTM sequence prediction uses the sea clutter signal amplitude time series to train the network, and then uses the trained network to predict subsequent sequences, and compares it with subsequently measured signals to achieve target detection.

zh-cn	基于CNN序列分类的目标检测方法中采用截取的海杂波信号和目标信号幅度序列作为数据集样本，对一维卷积核CNN进行训练，使其具有识别目标杂波信号特征能力，从而实现目标检测。
en-us	In the target detection method based on CNN sequence classification, the intercepted sea clutter signal and the target signal amplitude sequence are used as dataset samples to train the one-dimensional convolution kernel CNN so that it can identify the target clutter signal feature, thereby achieving the target detection.

zh-cn	最后，采用IPIX和CSIR实测海杂波数据对两种方法进行验证，结果表明两种方法均可实现一维序列信号中海面目标的检测，但LSTM预测方法对于长序列检测的实时性有待于进一步提高;
en-us	Finally, the two methods were verified using IPIX and CSIR measured sea clutter data. The results show that both methods can detect sea-surface targets in one-dimensional sequence signals, but the real-time performance of LSTM prediction methods for long sequence detection needs to be further improved.

zh-cn	CNN分类方法可实现实时检测，但仅利用信号幅度信息，检测性能仍需进一步提升。
en-us	CNN classification method can realize real-time detection, but using only signal amplitude information, the detection performance still needs to be further improved.

zh-cn	合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar，SAR)因为全天候、全天时的观测能力在军事和民用领域有着广泛的应用背景。
en-us	Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) has a wide range of applications in military and civil fields because of its all-weather and all-time observation capabilities.

zh-cn	考虑到SAR研究的成本和效率以及SAR图像在目标检测领域的应用，SAR图像的仿真技术发挥了重要优势。
en-us	Considering the cost and efficiency of SAR research and the application of SAR image in the field of target detection, the simulation technology of SAR image plays an important role.

zh-cn	针对传统成像方法耗时较长的问题，本文利用基于弹跳射线法(SBR)的快速成像技术以达到快速获取大批量SAR图像的目的。
en-us	Aiming at the problem that the traditional imaging method takes a long time, this paper uses the fast imaging technology based on the Shooting and Bouncing Ray(SBR) to achieve the purpose of quickly obtaining a large number of SAR images.

zh-cn	为了更加精准地识别SAR图像中的目标，在Faster RCNN目标检测网络的基础上，根据真实舰船目标的尺寸改变候选框的初始尺寸以及利用特征融合的方式对原算法架构加以改进。
en-us	In order to recognize the target in SAR image more accurately, based on the Faster RCNN network, the initial size of anchor is changed according to the size of real ship target, and the original algorithm architecture is improved by feature fusion.

zh-cn	最后，在Faster RCNN框架中加入特征金字塔结构(Feature pyramid networks，FPN)，进一步提高算法对SAR图像中的舰船目标检测和识别的能力。
en-us	Finally, feature pyramid networks(FPN) is added to the Faster RCNN network to further improve the ability of detecting and recognizing warship targets in SAR images.

zh-cn	天发船收高频雷达系统中，由于电离层随机扰动和接收船六维摆动运动影响，目标回波空时谱发生展宽和形变，严重影响雷达探测性能。
en-us	The space-time spectrum of target echoes are broadened and deformed in a shipborne high frequency radar via hybrid sky-surface wave propagation, which seriously affects the radar detection performance, due to the influence of the ionospheric random perturbation and the six degree of freedom motion of the receiving ship.

zh-cn	本文对天发船收高频雷达海面目标回波建模问题开展研究，
en-us	This paper investigates the problem of modeling target echoes for this radar system.

zh-cn	首先分析了动态空间几何关系变化下目标回波的多普勒频移特性，建立了理想条件下的空时目标回波模型;
en-us	Firstly, the Doppler frequency shift characteristics of the target echo under dynamic spatial geometry are analyzed and the space-time target echo model under ideal conditions is established;

zh-cn	在此基础上，引入电离层不规则体和六维摆动空时相位扰动影响，分别构建电离层随机扰动相位仿真器和六维摆动扰动相位模型，
en-us	On this basis, introducing the space-time phase perturbation effects of ionospheric irregularities and the six degree of freedom motion, the ionospheric random perturbation phase simulator and the six-dimensional oscillating perturbation phase model are constructed, respectively,

zh-cn	进而建立了天发船收高频雷达扰动目标空时回波模型，
en-us	and then the space-time target echo model of the shipborne high frequency radar via hybrid sky-surface wave propagation is established.

zh-cn	实验数据验证了模型的有效性。
en-us	Experimental data verify the effectiveness of the model.

zh-cn	由于北斗卫星导航系统全球覆盖的特性，以其为辐射源构成无源雷达在海面监测方向具有应用潜力。
en-us	Due to the global coverage of Beidou navigation satellite system, it shows the potential to be the opportunistic transmitter in passive radar marine detection.

zh-cn	本文针对多颗北斗卫星为辐射源所构成的无源多基雷达，提出了一种目标回波空时联合积累方法，可实现海面运动目标的检测与定位。
en-us	This paper focus on the passive multistatic radar constituted by multiple Beidou satellites, and proposes a target echo space-time integration method to achieve maritime moving target detection and localization.

zh-cn	首先，本文提出距离反转-方位伸缩变换(RRAST)，将各二维时域回波转换为一维方位信号，并将其多普勒质心置零;
en-us	First, this paper proposes a range reversal and azimuth stretching transform(RRAST), which converts each two-dimensional echo in fast-time and slow-time domain into a one-dimensional azimuth signal, and sets the Doppler centroid of each echo to zero.

zh-cn	然后，利用去调频积分变换(DcIT)处理实现回波的长时间积累，
en-us	Then, the dechirp integration transform(DcIT) is applied to achieve the long-time integration of each echo.

zh-cn	并非相干叠加多源回波实现目标回波的空间积累，在多普勒调频率域实现海面运动目标的有效检测;
en-us	The incoherent summation of multistatic echoes is performed to accomplish spatial integration, achieving the maritime moving target detection in the Doppler frequency rate domain.

zh-cn	最后，将多源回波均映射到目标运动参数域，根据峰值位置实现目标的定位与速度估计。
en-us	Finally, the multistatic echoes are all projected to the target motion parameter domain, and the target localization and velocity estimation can be achieved according to the peak position.

zh-cn	仿真实验结果表明，本方法可在低信噪比条件下实现海面运动目标的检测与定位。
en-us	The simulation results show that the proposed method can realize the maritime moving target detection and localization under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio.

zh-cn	本文引入广义参数化时频变换方法对天波雷达接收信号进行分析，给出了一种更有效和稳健的天波雷达电离层污染估计和校正方法。
en-us	General parameterized time-frequency transform is introduced to analyze the echo of sky-wave over-the-horizon radar, a more effective and robust method for ionospheric decontamination is developed.

zh-cn	根据电离层污染的特点选取样条函数作为参数化时频变换的核函数，
en-us	We choose the spline function as kernel function of general parameterized time-frequency transform according to the characteristics of ionospheric contamination.

zh-cn	针对电离层污染后的信号估计核函数参数，利用核函数来估计污染序列，
en-us	Aiming at the ionospheric contamination, the parameters of kernel functions are estimated.

zh-cn	构造污染校正算子进行污染校正。
en-us	Then the ionospheric contamination sequence is calculated from the kernel functions, and based on which the decontamination operator is obtained, the contamination can be removed.

zh-cn	对于多模传播条件下的电离层污染，采用校正后滤除的方式，多次迭代完成污染的校正。
en-us	For the multiple mode propagation situations, by the way of iterative decontaminating-then-filtering, contamination can also be removed.

zh-cn	仿真验证了方法的有效性和稳健性。
en-us	Lastly, the effectiveness and robustness of the method are verified by the numeric simulations.

zh-cn	由于受观测环境以及雷达参数等因素的影响，构造协方差矩阵的杂波样本数据并不满足独立同分布，导致传统的自适应杂波抑制方法性能降低。
en-us	Due to the influence of observation environment and radar platform parameters, the clutter sample data of constructing covariance matrix does not satisfy independent identical distribution, which results in the performance deterioration of the traditional adaptive clutter suppression method.

zh-cn	针对静止雷达平台，本文提出一种基于AlexNet的自适应杂波智能抑制方法，
en-us	In this paper, an adaptive clutter intelligent suppression method based on AlexNet is developed for stationary radar platforms.

zh-cn	首先，通过分析海杂波幅度分布特性，建立样本数据库;
en-us	Firstly, the sample datasets are established by analyzing the amplitude characteristics of sea clutter.

zh-cn	然后，通过迁移AlexNet在ImageNet数据集上的分类模型，并使用杂波数据集微调网络参数，
en-us	Secondly, by transferring the AlexNet classification model on the ImageNet dataset, and then using the clutter datasets to fine-tune the network parameters.

zh-cn	实现对海杂波数据的准确分类，从而获取服从独立同分布的杂波样本数据，提高自适应杂波抑制方法性能。
en-us	In doing so, sufficient clutter sample data with the independent identical distribution are obtained based on the accurate classification, which improves the performance of the adaptive clutter suppression method.

zh-cn	相比现有杂波抑制方法，所提方法具有人工参与度低、杂波分类准确率高、以及杂波抑制效果更好等优点;
en-us	Compared with the existing clutter suppression methods, the proposed method has the advantages in artificial participation, clutter classification, and clutter suppression performances.

zh-cn	最后，通过CSIR实测数据验证了本文所提方法的有效性。
en-us	Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the measured data of CSIR datasets.

zh-cn	针对传统海上目标探测效费比低且受恶劣海况影响严重的问题，亟需构建安全有效、多维立体的海上目标探测体系。
en-us	Aiming at the problem of target detection for traditional means with low-effectiveness ratios and severely affected by harsh sea conditions. It urgent need to build a safe and effective, multi-dimensional sea target detection system.

zh-cn	水下声学滑翔机凭借其隐蔽性能好、环境适应强、成本低等优点，可广泛应用于海上目标探测。
en-us	Underwater acoustic gliders can be widely used in sea target detection due to their advantages of good concealment performance, strong environment adaptability and low cost.

zh-cn	海上目标探测受海洋环境影响很大，需要进行系统、长期、深入研究。
en-us	Sea target detection is greatly affected by the complex marine environment, and it is necessary to carry out systematic, long-term, and in-depth research.

zh-cn	开展水下声学滑翔机海上目标探测试验并获取对不同海上目标的探测能力，是有效推进该研究的重要手段。
en-us	Carrying out underwater acoustic glider sea target detection experiments and acquiring detection capabilities for different maritime targets is an important means to effectively advance the research.

zh-cn	该文重点围绕水下声学滑翔机对不同水面航船目标探测试验情况，从目标探测距离、目标估计方位精度和-3 dB波束宽度三个方面进行了性能评估和总结。
en-us	This paper focuses on the performance of underwater acoustic glider on different surface ship target detection experiments, and evaluates and summarizes performance from three aspects: target detection distance, target azimuth estimation accuracy, and-3 dB beam width.

zh-cn	最后，对前期试验存在问题进行了梳理，并对下一步试验关注方向做了展望。
en-us	Finally, the problems in the previous trials were sorted out, and the focus of the future research directions was prospected.

zh-cn	针对大范围海域声学目标被动定位精度分布特性认识不足、制约测量系统优化设计的问题，提出一种基于多站纯方位定位体制的全区域精度特性估计方法，
en-us	To design a measurement system used in the large-scale sea area for passive underwater acoustic localization, the understanding about accuracy distribution characteristics is required. Aiming at this problem, a distributed accuracy estimation method was presented based on a bearings-only localization system with multi-stations.

zh-cn	将定位求解、精度分析与布站优化集成考虑，
en-us	The factors of solution procedure, accuracy analysis and observation geometry design were integrated considered.

zh-cn	采用非线性最小二乘法建立定位模型，应用Monte-Carlo方法建立随机误差传播算法，
en-us	The nonlinear least squares method was adopted to establish the solving model, then the random error propagation algorithm was proposed base on Monte-Carlo method,

zh-cn	通过大样本、网格化仿真模拟得到全区域定位均方根误差(RMSE)分布。
en-us	and the accuracy distribution described by the root mean square error(RMSE) was derived by large sampling and gridding simulation.

zh-cn	通过仿真验证，模型具有快速收敛特性，能够对测量元素变化产生合理响应，
en-us	The simulation tests proved that this model had quick convergence and reasonable response to the measurement factor change.

zh-cn	对于在30 km×20 km测量海区内采用5阵元星形布站、单站测向误差为2°～5°的场景，全区域RMSE中值达到1 km精度水平。
en-us	In the case of a 30 km×20 km area covered by a 5-elements star-structure array, the RMSE median achieved 1 km as the azimuth error of single station changed from 2° to 5°.

zh-cn	应用该方法能给出到全区域精度差异的细节特征，进而支持不同布站几何条件下的定位性能比对。
en-us	The localization performance under different observation geometry conditions were comparable based on these accuracy distribution characteristics.

zh-cn	仿真算例表明，在5阵元限定下，采用五边形布站能够获取比星形布站、矩形布站、梯形布站更优的精度分布，使区域内RMSE中值降低0. 1 km，同时高精度覆盖区明显扩大。
en-us	The simulation results showed that the pentagon-structure array provided a more optimal accuracy distribution than the star-structure, rectangle-structure and trapezoid-structure array with a 5-elements array, which made the RMSE median reduce 0. 1 km and the high-accuracy covering area expand.

zh-cn	该方法可为测量系统论证中的精度分析及布站优化设计提供技术途径。
en-us	This method provides a technical way for accuracy analysis and observation geometry optimization in measurement system design.

zh-cn	战斗机飞行员海上遇险搜救的核心是获取遇险定位信息，
en-us	When the pilot is in maritime distress, the most important thing about rescue is to obtain distress location information.

zh-cn	由于受海上气象、浪涌等多种因素影响，手持和穿戴式救生终端选择恰当的时机快速发起遇险位置报告的相关能力较弱。
en-us	However, due to the complexity of the weather and conditions, The pilot's hand-held life-saving communications equipment has become less effective, and power consumption has also increased significantly.

zh-cn	以飞行员某装备北斗RDSS短报文有效发射为研究对象，
en-us	This paper studies the application of short message communication in Beidou satellite navigation system at sea.

zh-cn	利用深度神经网络，提出一种海上环境下发射时机学习预测模型，将高度、经纬度、方向、俯仰角、电量、速度、加速度等参数转换为单精度浮点数输入深度神经网络，
en-us	Based on the deep neural network, this paper proposes a prediction model which converts the parameters of height, latitude and longitude, direction, pitch angle, electric quantity, velocity and acceleration into single precision floating-point input depth neural network.

zh-cn	经过10个隐层，每层32个神经元，得到通信成功率预测和发射延迟预测结果，在某装备工作时长延长43%的基础上，短报文发射成功率提高1倍。
en-us	The results of communication success rate prediction and transmission delay prediction can be obtained by processing the data in 10 layers and 32 neurons. The test shows that the success rate of message launch is doubled, on the basis of the 43% extension of the working time.

zh-cn	海上目标监视系统实时获取并长期积累了大量轨迹数据，深入挖掘分析其中蕴含的目标行为特征，是提升传统的基于声光电磁特性的海上目标探测技术性能的重要途径。
en-us	The maritime target monitoring system acquires a large number of trajectory data, deep mining and analysis of the target behavior characteristics is an important way to improve the performance of the traditional maritime target detection technology based on acoustic, optical and electromagnetic characteristics.

zh-cn	在轨迹聚类、轨迹预测和行为分析等数据挖掘的预处理环节中，主流的轨迹分段算法以最小化损失为分段依据，没有给分段轨迹赋予行为模式等语义内涵，限制了分段轨迹的应用范围。
en-us	In the pre-processing of data mining, such as trajectory clustering, trajectory prediction and behavior analysis, the mainstream trajectory segmentation algorithm aims to get the minimum loss and does not give the semantic meaning to the segmented trajectory, which limits the application of segmented trajectory.

zh-cn	对此，本文提出一种基于行为模式的海上目标轨迹分段算法，
en-us	This paper proposed a segmentation algorithm of maritime target trajectory based behavior pattern.

zh-cn	通过定义七种目标行为模式，制定行为模式优先级，达到轨迹分段的目的。
en-us	Seven target behavior patterns were defined to achieve the goal of trajectory segmentation.

zh-cn	实验分析表明，本文的算法能准确合理的进行轨迹分段并真实的还原轨迹，不同的算法参数对应不同的应用场景。
en-us	Experiment shows that the algorithm in this paper can segment the trajectory accurately and restore the trajectory accurate, different algorithm parameters correspond to different application scene.

zh-cn	最终，本文对算法分段结果的应用前景进行展望。
en-us	Finally, this paper has an outlook on application of segmentation results.

zh-cn	雷达处于低掠射角探测时，干涉、衍射以及遮挡等效应导致电磁波与海面的相互作用更加复杂，海杂波的非均匀、非高斯、非线性特性明显，使得海杂波建模难度大，
en-us	At low grazing angle, the interaction of electromagnetic wave and the sea surface is more complex due to the interference, diffraction and shade effect. The non-uniform, non-Gaussian and nonlinear characteristics of sea clutter make it difficult to model.

zh-cn	同时，雷达海杂波在多方位下的特性是否存在差异也是一个问题，进一步增大了低掠射条件下海杂波的认知难度。
en-us	Furthermore, the characteristic difference of radar sea clutter under multi-azimuth angle increase the cognitive difficulty.

zh-cn	为了提高海杂波的建模精度和多方位特性的认知，亟需开展低掠射雷达海杂波的多方位幅度特性分析。
en-us	To better understand sea clutter, multi-azimuth amplitude analysis of sea clutter was carried out at low grazing angle by using the airborne radar data.

zh-cn	在此基础上，利用多个海杂波模型对低掠射、多方位下的海杂波进行拟合优度分析。实现了低掠射角条件下海杂波的多方位特性差异认知，包括不同方位下的带宽和最优海杂波模型。
en-us	On the basis, the goodness of fit of sea clutter models was analyzed at different azimuth angles.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，雷达前视状态带宽最窄，侧视最宽;
en-us	The results show that the bandwidth is the narrowest at forward-looking and widest at side-looking.

zh-cn	对于多方位下的最优海杂波拟合，雷达前视时推荐G0分布，而侧视模式下，海杂波更接近K和GΓD分布。
en-us	For multi-azimuth sea clutter modeling, G0 distribution is recommended in forward-looking, and K and GΓD are recommended in side-looking.

zh-cn	多维特征检测技术是提高海面小目标检测的有效途径。
en-us	Multi-dimensional feature detection technology is an effective way to improve detection performance of sea-surface small targets.

zh-cn	为了进一步提升海面小目标检测性能，本文提出基于多域多维特征融合的检测方法。
en-us	A detection method based on multi-domain and multi-dimensional feature fusion is proposed to further improve performance in this paper.

zh-cn	首先，从时域、频域、时频域、极化域等多域，充分挖掘海杂波和含目标回波的差异性，并将这些差异性表征为多维特征，构建高维特征空间。
en-us	First, the differences between sea clutter and target returns are fully explored in time domain, frequency domain, time-frequency domain and polarization domain, which are represented as multi-dimensional features to construct high-dimensional feature space.

zh-cn	其次，通过极化域和特征域的多维特征线性融合，将多维特征压缩到3D特征空间中，获得高维度信息的同时减少维度计算代价。
en-us	Second, multi-dimensional features are compressed into 3-dimentional feature space by the linear fusion in polarization domain and feature domain, which can obtain high-dimensional information and reduce dimensional computational cost at the same time.

zh-cn	然后，结合凸包学习算法获得3D判决区域，实现异常检测。
en-us	Third, convex hull learning algorithm is used to obtain the 3 D decision region and realize the anomaly detection.

zh-cn	最后，基于IPIX实测数据的实验结果表明:相对现有的极化检测器，提出的检测器具有25%以上的显著性能提升。
en-us	Finally, experimental results via IPIX data show that the proposed detector can attain significant performance improvement of more than 25%, relative to the existing polarization detectors.

zh-cn	为了提高浅海脉冲噪声环境下水声通信信号调制识别的性能和实用性，提出了基于降噪自编码器和卷积神经网络的调制识别方法。
en-us	To improve the performance and practicability of modulation recognition of underwater acoustic communication signals in impulse noise environment of shallow sea, a modulation recognition method based on denoising automatic-encoder(DAE) and convolutional neural network(CNN) is proposed.

zh-cn	算法构造了联合降噪自编码器和卷积神经网络的框架，利用降噪自编码器对含噪声信号进行降噪处理，
en-us	First, a joint construction of DAE and CNN is proposed, in which the DAE plays an important role to suppress impulsive noise,

zh-cn	利用卷积神经网络对降噪信号的功率谱图进行调制方式的分类识别。
en-us	and the CNN is used to classify the power spectrum of signals after noise reduction.

zh-cn	为了解决目标水域水声通信信号训练样本不足的问题，
en-us	Meanwhile, in order to solve the problem of insufficient training samples of underwater acoustic communication signals in target waters,

zh-cn	采用迁移学习思想，利用典型声剖面构造水声通信信号训练数据集，采用两步迁移策略提升小样本条件下的水声信号调制识别能力。
en-us	the idea of transfer learning is adopted. The transfer learning data set is constructed by the typical acoustic profile and the two-step transfer learning strategy is used to improve the modulation recognition ability of underwater acoustic signals with small samples.

zh-cn	仿真实验和实测数据验证了本文方法的有效性。
en-us	Simulation results and practical signal tests demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

zh-cn	与现有算法相比，本文所提方法具有较高的识别率，并且提升了目标信道数据不足条件下的识别性能。
en-us	Compared with the existing methods, the proposed method improves the accuracy rate of modulation recognition in impulse noise environment even with insufficient target data.

zh-cn	在海面低空飞行目标探测场景中，主要利用声学方法对目标进行测向从而为其他高精度雷达系统提供引导，这就对声学测向方法的实时性提出了较高要求。
en-us	In the detection of low altitude flight target in the sea surface, the acoustic DOA estimation is used to guide other high-precision radar systems, and the real-time performance of the acoustic DOA estimation is demanded.

zh-cn	针对低空高亚音速飞行目标DOA的快速估计问题，以利用布设于有限空间内的声传感器阵实现海面高亚音速目标角度的快速估计为背景，针对其宽带声信号精确测向的难题，建立了基于均匀线性空间十字阵的宽带时域阵列信号模型，为实现海面低空飞行目标的快速声学测向，将经典宽带时域多级维纳滤波器(MSWF)的DOA估计方法拓展至时域模型，提出了相应的宽带DOA快速估计方法，该方法在保持了多重信号分类算法优势的同时，有效提升了声学DOA估计的实时性。
en-us	Aiming at the fast DOA estimation problem of low altitude and high subsonic flight target, the background was the fast acoustic direction-finding of high subsonic flight target by the several microphones in the finite space of the sea surface. The time-domain received signal model was established based on the uniform linear cross sensor arrays. To realize the fast DOA estimation of the high subsonic flight target, the traditional broadband MSWF of DOA estimation was expanded to the time signals, and the related DOA estimation method was proposed. The proposed method maintains the advantages of the MUSIC methods and effectively improves the real-time performance in the action.

zh-cn	合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar，SAR)图像场景通常较大，深层卷积网络用于SAR舰船目标检测时通常需要密集滑窗提取子图像预处理，
en-us	Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) image scene is usually large, deep convolutional network for SAR ship target detection usually requires dense sliding window to extract sub-image pre-processing,

zh-cn	然后利用目标检测网络直接对子图像进行目标检测，该过程存在大量信息冗余，极大影响了目标检测效率的提升。
en-us	and then use the target detection network to directly target detection sub-image, the process has a large number of information redundancy, which greatly affects the efficiency of target detection.

zh-cn	在近岸区域下陆地场景偏多且场景复杂，针对以上问题，本文提出了一种结合场景分类的近岸区域SAR舰船快速目标检测方法(SC-SSD)，该方法主要包含两个阶段:场景分类阶段和目标检测阶段。
en-us	In the inshore region, there are many land scenes and complex scenes, for the above problems, this paper proposes a fast target detection method(SC-SSD) for SAR ships in the near-shore region combined with scene classification, which mainly consists of two stages:

zh-cn	它们分别是由场景分类网络(Convolutional Neural Network for Scene Classification，SC-CNN)和目标检测网络(Single Shot Detector，SSD)构成。
en-us	scene classification stage and target detection stage. They consist of Convolutional Neural Network for Scene Classification(SC-CNN) and Single Shot Detector(SSD), respectively.

zh-cn	其中SC-CNN可以快速粗略筛选出可能包含舰船的子图像，然后将筛选出的子图像输入到SSD网络中实现精细化的舰船目标检测。
en-us	The SC-CNN can quickly and coarsely filter out the sub-images that may contain ships, and then input the filtered sub-images to the SSD network to realize fine-grained ship target detection.

zh-cn	基于高分辨率SAR舰船检测数据集AIR-SARShip-1. 0的实验结果表明，提出方法相比于传统舰船检测方法，在保持较高的检测精度的同时，具有明显更快的检测速度。
en-us	The experimental results based on the high-resolution SAR ship detection dataset AIR-SARShip-1. 0 show that the proposed method is significantly faster than the traditional ship detection method while maintaining a higher detection accuracy.

zh-cn	随着科学技术高速发展和应用需求的不断拓展，雷达传感和无线通信系统在收发通道、信号与数据处理、管理与控制等方面的差异正逐步缩小，已呈现出一体化趋势，为未来电子信息系统的发展提供了新的机遇和挑战。
en-us	Electronic information systems, such as wireless communication and radar sensors, have extensively contributed to a diverse range applications in the recent past. For the next generation of top-level electronic information systems, the fusion of wireless communication and radar sensing is becoming increasingly crucial. The fusion concept would definitely bring up many benefits including architecture unification and simplification, functional reconfiguration and especially efficiency enhancement and cost reduction.

zh-cn	本文深度剖析了雷达与通信一体化的内在本质和潜在优势，
en-us	In this paper, the inherent essence and potential advantages of joint wireless communication and radar sensing systems are thoughtfully analyzed.

zh-cn	概括了发展历程和研究现状，
en-us	Following which, the historical development and current state-of-the-art are reviewed and discussed.

zh-cn	指明了一体化理论瓶颈和关键性技术挑战，
en-us	The bottlenecks for the realization of the joint concept are theoretical analyzed.

zh-cn	并重点围绕信号一体化这一核心难点，首次提出了基于多维信号波形的创新性解决思路。
en-us	To showcase the current research advances, the multi-dimensional waveforms are introduced with emphasis on several proposed research contributions in this emerging area.

zh-cn	最终，本文展望了雷达通信一体化的小型化和泛在化发展趋势，试图为未来先进电子信息系统的研制奠定基础。
en-us	Finally, the development trend of the joint concept is prospected. Through our analysis, we aim to open up a new perspective of using multi-dimensional waveforms to realize the joint wireless communication and radar sensing concept.

zh-cn	随着信息领域的高速发展，人们对信息感知和处理技术的需求愈加多样，
en-us	With the rapid development of the information field, our needs for information perception and processing technology are becoming more and more diverse.

zh-cn	为满足功能需要，同时降低系统成本和复杂度，多功能一体化信息感知处理技术在民用及国防领域愈显重要。
en-us	In order to meet the functional needs while reducing system cost and complexity, multi-functional integrated information perception and processing technology becomes more and more important in the field of civil and national defense.

zh-cn	多模光纤作为一种能够同时传输多种模式光信号的光纤，早期主要用于短距离光通信领域。
en-us	As a kind of optical fiber that can transmit multiple modes at the same time, multimode fiber was mainly used in the field of short-distance optical communication in the early days.

zh-cn	近年来，随着研究人员对其复杂物理特性研究的深入，多模光纤由于其宽带、无源、易于制造、低成本、便携等优势，在测量、光计算和图像传输等领域的应用也越来越广泛。
en-us	In recent years, with the development of research on its complex physical properties, multi-mode fiber has been widely used in measurement, optical computing and image transmission due to its advantages of broadband, passive, easy to manufacture, low cost and portability.

zh-cn	本文从技术背景和原理等多个方面梳理了多模光纤在光谱分析、射频谱感知和成像技术三个方面应用的研究现状，
en-us	In this paper, the research status of the application of multi-mode fiber in spectral analysis, RF spectrum sensing and imaging technology are reviewed from the aspects of technical background and principle.

zh-cn	阐述了其相对于传统方法的优势，并且指出了多模光纤面向这些特殊领域及一体化应用所面临的挑战及未来发展的趋势。
en-us	The advantages of multi-mode fiber over traditional methods are expounded, and the challenges and future development trends of multi-mode fiber for these special fields and integrated applications are pointed out.

zh-cn	为了实现多个电子平台的高效集成，同时缓解无线信道频谱资源紧缺问题，提出了一种结合了时间调制阵列(time-modulated array，TMA)技术和多波束赋形技术的空域多波束雷达通信一体化结构与算法。
en-us	In order to achieve efficient integration of multiple electronic platforms and alleviate the shortage of wireless channel electronic spectrum, a structure and algorithm for airspace multi-beam radar-communications integration combining time-modulation array(TMA) technology and multi-beamforming technology is proposed.

zh-cn	对传统基于空分的雷达通信一体化技术进行了改进，
en-us	The traditional integration technology of space division-based radar-communications integration technology has been improved.

zh-cn	在增加通信波束的同时，实现了雷达与通信子系统发射功率的独立控制。
en-us	While increasing the communications beam, the independent control of the transmission power of the radar and the communications subsystem has been achieved.

zh-cn	所提结构由两组加权网络组成，
en-us	The proposed structure consists of two sets of weighted networks.

zh-cn	第一组加权网络用于雷达探测，第二组加权网络结合周期性时间调制，用于多用户通信。
en-us	The first set of weighted networks is used for radar detection, and the second set of weighted networks combined with periodic time modulation is used for multi-user communications.

zh-cn	所提方案可根据实际应用情况，在用户数量，波束控制自由度，硬件复杂度等多个指标之间进行权衡。
en-us	According to the actual application, the proposed solution can be weighed among multiple indicators such as the number of users, the degree of freedom of beam control, and the complexity of hardware.

zh-cn	仿真结果证实了所提结构与算法的有效性，
en-us	The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed structure and algorithm.

zh-cn	雷达与通信能够独立完成各自的功能且没有相互影响。
en-us	Radar and communications can independently perform their functions without mutual influence.

zh-cn	本文研究合作式多输入多输出(Multiple-input multiple-output，MIMO)雷达通信一体化系统的性能，雷达系统和通信系统在共存的基础上相互合作。
en-us	In this paper, a cooperative multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) radar and communication systems is studied, where the two systems work cooperatively on the basis of coexistence.

zh-cn	一方面，通信端将信息与雷达端共享
en-us	The knowledge of communication system is shared with the radar system

zh-cn	则源自雷达发射机和通信发射机的目标回波都被利用起来以完成雷达任务，
en-us	Then target returns contributed from both the radar transmitters and communication transmitters are employed to complete the radar task.

zh-cn	一体化系统可等效为主被动混合式的MIMO雷达系统，有利于提高雷达方面的性能。
en-us	The cooperative systems can be equivalent to a hybrid active-passive MIMO radar network, which helps to improve the radar performance.

zh-cn	另一方面，雷达端将信息与通信端共享，则在传统通信基础上，经雷达目标反射的通信信号也可被加以利用，完成通信任务，有利于提高通信方面的性能。
en-us	With the information shared by the radar system, the communication system can estimate the parameters of the radar target. Thus, the communication signals bounced off from the target are exploited to complete the communication task on the basis of the traditional communication, which helps to improve the communication performance.

zh-cn	本文以雷达目标检测概率和通信互信息为例，推导雷达系统和通信系统的性能，
en-us	The target detection probability and mutual information are derived for the radar-communication systems, respectively.

zh-cn	分析表明合作给MIMO雷达通信一体化系统中雷达端和通信端都带来了性能提升。
en-us	It is shown that there is a performance gain due to the cooperation between the radar and communication systems.

zh-cn	进一步，针对功率有限的系统，讨论合作式MIMO一体化系统的功率分配问题，并仿真得到了最优的功率分配方式。
en-us	Furthermore, the power resource assignment of the cooperative MIMO radar and communication systems with limited power is discussed, and the optimal power allocation is presented numerically.

zh-cn	在采用自适应调制技术的正交频分复用(OFDM)雷达通信一体化系统中，共享信号通常具有非矩形且变化的功率谱，这导致传统旁瓣抑制方法出现主旁瓣比降低及信噪比损失增加等问题。
en-us	In the integrated radar and communication(RadCom) system which using adaptive modulation technology and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) signals, the RadCom signal usually has a non-rectangular and varying power spectrum, which leads to the deterioration of the traditional side lobe suppression methods, such as the reduction of the peak to side lobe ratio and the increase of SNR loss.

zh-cn	针对该情况，提出了一种新的OFDM共享信号距离旁瓣抑制方法，
en-us	To solve this problem, a new range side lobe suppression method for OFDM RadCom signals was proposed.

zh-cn	根据发射信号功率谱自适应设计幅度加权函数，将旁瓣抑制问题转化为优化问题求解。
en-us	In this method, an adaptive amplitude weighting function is designed according to the power spectrum of emission signals, and the side lobe suppression problem is transformed into an optimization problem.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该方法在发射信号频谱变化甚至断续的情况下，都能有效抑制OFDM共享信号的距离旁瓣，且具有远小于常规方法的信噪比损失。
en-us	The simulation results show that the range side lobe of OFDM RadCom signal is effectively suppressed under the condition of the spectrum variation or even discontinuous of transmitted signal, and the signal-to-noise ratio loss of this method is much smaller than that of conventional methods.

zh-cn	在雷达-通信一体网络中各时刻间的决策变量具有时间相关性时，以往追求某一时刻性能最优的资源分配算法不再适用。
en-us	In a radar-communication integrated network, conventional resource allocation algorithms which aim at maximizing performance in an instant timeslot are not applicable, in the scenario where decisions across timeslots are correlated.

zh-cn	本文基于马尔可夫决策过程理论，构建面向雷达-通信一体网络的资源分配决策问题，其目标在于最小化各用频设备的长期平均发射功率。
en-us	This paper investigates a resource allocation decision problem in a radar-communication integrated network, aiming at minimizing the long-term average transmit power consumed by user equipment.

zh-cn	该马尔可夫决策过程问题状态-动作空间维度随用频设备数量呈指数增长，易陷入“维度诅咒”。
en-us	The dimensions of the action/state spaces in such a Markov decision process problem grows exponentially as the number of user equipment increases. This leads to “the curse of dimensionality”.

zh-cn	为提升运行效率，本文提出一种分布式相对值迭代算法，
en-us	To improve computational efficiency of resource allocation, this paper proposes a distributed relative value iteration algorithm.

zh-cn	通过对每个用频设备进行资源预分配处理，将原问题分解为多个可并行迭代的低维子问题，其中每个子问题可通过传统的相对值迭代法快速求解。
en-us	By pre-allocating the resource to each user equipment, the original problem can be decoupled into multiple small-scale subproblems, where each subproblem can be efficiently solved by exploiting a relative-value-iteration-based algorithm.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明所提算法与追求单一时刻性能最优的贪婪策略比较，其性能可得到明显提升。
en-us	Simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithm can yield better performance than the scheme designed under myopic policies, which merely focus on maximizing the utility in a single slot.

zh-cn	针对雷达通信一体化的应用需求，本文提出了基于互信息的雷达通信频谱复用方法。
en-us	For the application requirement of radar and communication integration, this paper puts forward a method of spectrum sharing based on mutual information.

zh-cn	首先，建立了雷达通信一体化系统的信号模型;
en-us	First of all, we establish the signal model of radar and communication integration system.

zh-cn	其次，构建了基于互信息的雷达性能评价指标，
en-us	Then, the evaluation index of radar performance based on mutual information theory is constructed.

zh-cn	并在此基础上以通信率为通信性能评价指标，建立了基于信息论相关理论基础的雷达通信一体化系统性能评价模型;
en-us	On this basis, we establish the performance evaluation mode of radar and communication integration system based on information theory by taking communication rate as the performance index of communication.

zh-cn	接着，根据雷达接收信号与通信接收信号的频带复用程度将频谱分配模式分为传统频谱非复用和两种频谱复用模式，
en-us	Furthermore, the spectrum allocation mode is divided into traditional spectrum non-sharing allocation mode and two spectrum sharing mode according to the overlap degree of received radar signal and communication signal.

zh-cn	推导了雷达通信一体化系统在三种模式下的性能内界;
en-us	And the inner bounds of performance of radar and communication integration system for three spectrum allocation modes are derived.

zh-cn	相比于传统的单一的雷达或通信设备，雷达通信一体化系统具有易集成、小型化、高谱效等优势，其中基于线性调频的一体化信号的系统方案应用广泛。
en-us	Compared with traditional radar or communication devices, the integrated radar and communication system is easy to be integrated and smaller with higher spectrum efficiency, in which the linear frequency modulation(LFM) based integrated system is widely used.

zh-cn	在一体化系统通信功能实现方案中，传统的同步技术会降低通信速率。
en-us	In term of realizing the communication function, the traditional synchronization scheme will reduce the data rate.

zh-cn	针对这一问题，设计了一种包含两类线性调频载波的一体化信号，
en-us	Thus, an integrated signal consisting of two LFM carriers is designed.

zh-cn	并利用线性调频良好的自相关特性，提出了一种基于Costas环的时间和载波频率联合同步技术。
en-us	Then, a Costas loop-based joint time and carrier frequency synchronization is proposed by using the good autocorrelation of LFM.

zh-cn	在该技术中，首先设计了基于线性调频的Costas环结构，实现对两类调频载波的跟踪，
en-us	First, a LFM based Costas loop is designed to track two LFM carriers.

zh-cn	然后根据两类载波的频率信息反演出通信时延和载波频偏。
en-us	Second, the delay and carrier frequency offset are retrieved from the frequency of these two carriers.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该同步技术在不影响通信效率及雷达性能的情况下，可实现一体化信号的时频联合同步，且误码率与传统同步技术的性能相当。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed technique can realize the joint time-frequency synchronization without affecting the communication efficiency and radar performance, and the bit error rate is comparable to that of traditional synchronization technique.

zh-cn	现代电子信息系统的应用领域在不断拓展，导致雷达和通信的带宽需求日益增长、工作频段不断重合，
en-us	With the continuously expanding of the advanced electronic information system applications, the bandwidth requirements of radar and communication are increasing, and the working frequency bands are constantly overlapping.

zh-cn	引发了电磁频谱竞争激烈、电磁干扰严重和电磁资源利用率低下等诸多问题。
en-us	To this end, an important issue arises with regard to the competition of the spectrum resources.

zh-cn	鉴于此，国内外专家学者提出了雷达通信一体化共享信号的解决思路。
en-us	Some papers have proposed the concept of the joint waveform to share the spectrum.

zh-cn	其中，OFDM信号被视为最有潜力的一体化共享信号。
en-us	Following this concept, the OFDM waveforms have arouse as the potential solutions.

zh-cn	然而，受通信信息的高随机性和OFDM帧结构的周期性影响，该信号的雷达点扩展函数旁瓣较高，且存在大量伪峰。
en-us	However, due to impact of the high randomness and the periodic characteristics of OFDM-based wireless communication signals, the point spread function for the radar sensing contains high side lobes and numerous fake peaks.

zh-cn	为此，本文围绕OFDM雷达通信一体化共享信号，从模糊函数的角度剖析了该信号的本质缺陷，
en-us	In this paper, the intrinsic drawbacks of the OFDM-based joint radar and communication waveforms are analyzed from the perspective of ambiguity function.

zh-cn	并提出了一种利用失配滤波将旁瓣和伪峰外推至雷达观测窗口外的处理算法。
en-us	Following which, a novel side-lobe suppression algorithm using the mismatching is proposed by moving the ambiguous energy outside the radar observation window.

zh-cn	通过理论分析和仿真可知，该算法可使OFDM一体化共享信号兼备高速通信和高性能雷达探测性能。
en-us	With the algorithm, it becomes possible to realize the wireless communication and the radar sensing in a shared time-frequency plane. Theoretical analysis is validated by simulations.

zh-cn	针对复杂电磁环境中信号检测受限于低信噪比的问题，基于信号与噪声一体化的思路，提出了一种以电磁空间的所有电磁辐射信号为背景，并结合深度学习算法的电磁信号检测方法。
en-us	For the problem that signal detection is limited by low SNR(Signal-to-Noise Ratio) in complex electromagnetic environment, based on the integration of signal and noise, with the background of all electromagnetic radiation signals in electromagnetic space and deep learning algorithm, a signal detection method is proposed.

zh-cn	首先建立动态场景的电磁环境模型，包括了通信基站信号、雷达信号、干扰信号等，
en-us	First, the electromagnetic environment model of the dynamic scene is established, including communication base station signals, radar signals, interference signals, etc.

zh-cn	其次使用加高斯窗傅里叶变换提取电磁信号时频域的能量分布特征，
en-us	Second, the energy distribution characteristics of the electromagnetic signal in the time-frequency domain are extracted with the Gaussian window Fourier transform.

zh-cn	最后采用卷积神经网络进行特征选择分类，实现信号检测。
en-us	Finally, the convolutional neural network is used for feature selection and classification to achieve the purpose of signal detection.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该方法在一定程度上减轻了信号检测受限于信噪比的问题，
en-us	The simulation results show that this method alleviates problem of signal detection limited by SNR to a certain extent,

zh-cn	克服了传统能量检测方法和基于SVM检测方法的缺陷，
en-us	overcomes the defects of traditional energy detection methods and SVM(Support Vector Machines)-based detection methods,

zh-cn	提高了低信噪比下电磁信号的检测性能。
en-us	and improves the detection performance of electromagnetic signal under low SNR.

zh-cn	为了最大程度地利用资源和减小电磁干扰，无人机平台的雷达通信一体化设计有着尤为重要的意义。
en-us	In order to make full utilization of resources and reduce electromagnetic interference, radar-communication integration(RadCom) on the unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) platform shows great significance.

zh-cn	正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing，OFDM)信号具有较高的频谱利用率、较强的抗干扰性能、易于数字化处理等优点，在雷达通信一体化系统备受关注。
en-us	RadCom system using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) signals has caught much attention of researchers over the past decades, since it has high spectrum efficiency, good antijamming capability and simple digital processing.

zh-cn	然而，OFDM信号在雷达和通信系统中对多普勒频偏较为敏感，
en-us	A fundamental drawback of OFDM signals, both in communication and radar, is its sensitivity to the Doppler effect.

zh-cn	针对多普勒频偏引起的子载波间干扰(Inter-Carrier Interference，ICI)问题，本文设计出一种RS-OFDM雷达通信一体化信号，
en-us	To overcome inter-carrier interference(ICI) problem caused the Doppler sensitivity of OFDM, an integrated signal model using repeated symbols OFDM(RS-OFDM) is designed,

zh-cn	并提出一种ICI抑制的信号处理算法，其中基于多普勒估计和校正实现OFDM的无ICI处理。
en-us	and an ICI-free processing for OFDM is given based on Doppler estimation and correction.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明:所提方法在目标成像性能上优于传统方法，且对多普勒频偏具有较强的鲁棒性，而且并无明显增加计算复杂度。
en-us	Simulations show that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional scheme with slightly increased computational complexity, and the robustness of Doppler shift.

zh-cn	分布式网络雷达的多功能承载是目前雷达领域研究的一个热点，
en-us	The multi-function carrying capacity of distributed network radar is a hot spot in the field of radar research.

zh-cn	基于OFDM信号的雷达通信共享的多功能波形设计受到人们广泛关注，
en-us	The multifunctional waveform design method based on OFDM signal for radar and communication sharing has attracted widespread attention.

zh-cn	其核心问题之一是较高的包络峰均比(PMEPR)。
en-us	One of its core problems is the high envelope peak-to-average ratio(PMEPR).

zh-cn	基于OFDM信号，本文联合自适应限幅门限的迭代限幅滤波技术(AC-ICF)和子载波预留(TR)技术研究了一种面向分布式组网雷达的多功能波形设计方法。
en-us	Based on OFDM signal, this paper has studied a multi-functional waveform design method for distributed networked radar used adaptive clipping iterative clipping and filtering technique(AC-ICF) and tone reservation(TR) technique.

zh-cn	首先，建立雷达网络的OFDM信号模型。
en-us	Firstly, we modeled the multi-functional waveform used by the radar network based on the OFDM signal.

zh-cn	其次，联合AC-ICF和TR技术研究了低PMEPR的多功能波形设计方法。
en-us	Secondly, on the basis of the signal model, we studied the waveform design method combining AC-ICF and TR techniques with low PMEPR.

zh-cn	最后，通过计算机仿真验证了多功能波形设计方法的可行性，
en-us	Finally, the feasibility of the waveform design method was verified through computer simulation,

zh-cn	并对其中面临的问题进行了分析与讨论，
en-us	and the problems faced in it were analyzed and discussed,

zh-cn	同时对优化设计后波形的雷达和通信性能进行了简要分析。
en-us	at the same time, the radar and communication performance of the optimized design waveform are briefly analyzed.

zh-cn	针对强杂波环境下，联合概率数据关联(Joint Probabilistic Data Association，JPDA)算法的计算复杂度不能满足复杂电磁环境下数据关联的实时性要求，本文提出了一种基于高分辨一维距离像(High Resolution one-dimensional Range Profile，HRRP)特征辅助的JPDA算法。
en-us	For solving the problem that traditional Joint Probabilistic Data Association(JPDA) algorithm with high complexity can't meet the real time performance of data association in complicated electromagnetic environment, a JPDA algorithm based on feature aided of high resolution one-dimensional range profile(HRRP) is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	首先，计算量测与目标的HRRP特征相似度;
en-us	Firstly, the similarity of HRRP feature is calculated between the measurement and the target.

zh-cn	然后利用特征相似度辅助JPDA算法完成波门搜索，减少可行事件的数量;
en-us	Then, the number of the feasible event is reduced with the HRRP feature similarity aided JPDA algorithm to complete the gate search.

zh-cn	最后使用特征相似度对可行事件的发生概率进行修正，进而修正量测与目标的关联概率。
en-us	Finally, the probability of the feasible event is modified by using the HRRP feature similarity, and then modify the association probability of the measurement and the target.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，本文算法提高了关联性能，同时还极大地提高了算法的实时性。
en-us	Simulation results show that this algorithm improves the correlation performance, and also greatly improves the real time performance of the algorithm.

zh-cn	基于假设检验的统计分辨研究能够衡量统计意义下的分辨能力，还能够突破瑞利限的限制。
en-us	The research of Statistical Resolution Limit(SRL) based on hypothesis testing can measure the resolution ability in the statistical point and break through the Rayleigh limit.

zh-cn	当前研究均假定两目标的回波幅度为确定情况，实际中雷达观察的快起伏目标回波服从随机分布。
en-us	However, the researches presented have made an assumption that the amplitudes of two signals are determined, while in the reality that of the fast-fluctuating targets are random-distributed.

zh-cn	基于随机分布假设，本文推导了两近邻点目标的距离统计分辨性能。
en-us	Therefore, we derive the range statistical resolution limit of the two adjacent targets under this assumption.

zh-cn	研究表明，两种假设下的检验统计量均服从加权卡方分布，统计分辨概率和波形、幅度相关系数、回波信噪比等多种因素有关。
en-us	The studies show that both tests under two hypotheses are weighted Chi-Square distributed, and the statistical resolution performance is related to factors, such as the waveforms, the coefficients of the amplitudes and the signal-noise ratio(SNR), etc. .

zh-cn	仿真验证了理论推导的正确性，
en-us	The simulation results demonstrate the correctness of the theoretical results,

zh-cn	并且与应用于时延分辨的MUSIC算法相比，该方法具有更好的距离超分辨性能。
en-us	and this method accesses a much better performance compared with the MUSIC algorithm applied in the range resolution.

zh-cn	地球同步轨道合成孔径雷达(GEO SAR)在对动目标检测和成像方面更具优势，但随之而来的一些问题也需要进一步解决。
en-us	Geosynchronous synthetic Aperture Radar(GEO SAR) has more advantages in moving target detection and imaging, but some problems need to be further solved.

zh-cn	本文提出了一种基于GEO SAR双通道双载频实现运动目标检测、成像和参数估计的方法。
en-us	In this paper, a method of moving target detection, imaging and parameter estimation based on GEO SAR dual-channel and dual-carrier frequency is proposed.

zh-cn	利用广义Keystone变换对杂波对消处理后的运动目标进行距离走动校正，
en-us	The generalized Keystone transform is used to correct the range migration of the moving target after clutter cancellation.

zh-cn	使用离散调频傅里叶变换(DCFT)结合牛顿迭代法搜索完成多普勒参数估计后，利用在不同工作频率下的求得的速度集合进行交集来解决快速运动目标速度模糊的问题，
en-us	After the Doppler parameters are estimated by discrete chirp-Fourier transform(DCFT) combined with Newton iterative method, the problem of velocity ambiguity of fast moving target is solved by the intersection of velocity sets obtained at different working frequencies,

zh-cn	并给出了一种简单高效的速度搜索算法。
en-us	and a simple and efficient speed search algorithm is presented.

zh-cn	通过将传统的双通道一发多收体制扩展到双发双收体制，不仅可以有效抑制杂波，还可以避免运动目标多普勒重叠。
en-us	By extending the traditional dual-channel one-transmit multiple-receiver system to double-transmit and double-receive system, not only clutter can be effectively suppressed, but also Doppler overlap of moving targets can be avoided.

zh-cn	最后，仿真实验证明该方法的有效性。
en-us	Finally, simulation results show that the method is effective.

zh-cn	针对低莱斯因子的慢衰落时变多径信道条件下，难以有效利用信号能量，导致系统误码性能差，
en-us	For the slow fading time-varying multi-path channel with low Rician factor, the signal energy cannot be effectively used, and the system error performance is poor.

zh-cn	单纯的基于最小均方误差准则均衡(Minimum Mean Squared Error，MMSE)技术不能够有效降低误码率的实际问题。
en-us	The purely equalization based on the minimum mean squared error(MMSE) technology cannot effectively reduce the error.

zh-cn	在构建信道等效模型的基础上，提出了一种利用硬判决符号重构信道，在两个信道长度内比较改判信号误差信息的时频联合判决两轮次MMSE均衡算法。
en-us	On the basis of constructing the channel equivalent model, a two-round MMSE equalization algorithm is proposed that uses hard decision symbols to reconstruct the channel and compares the time-frequency joint judgement of the error information of the modified signal within two channel length.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明: 通过均衡处理后的低莱斯因子信道能逼近高莱斯因子的误码特性，
en-us	The simulation results show that the low Rice factor channel after equalization can approach the bit error characteristics of the high Rice factor.

zh-cn	当信噪比为20 dB时，不同莱斯因子下QPSK信号的误码率均降低至10-4以下，且在一个数量级内。
en-us	When the signal-to-noise ratio is 20 dB, the bit error rate of QPSK signals under different Rice factors is reduced to 10-4 below and within an order of magnitude.

zh-cn	当信噪比为2～6 dB时，系统误码率分布在10-1～10-3之间，要低于信号在自由空间传播的误码率，说明MMSE均衡充分利用了多径分量的能量，获得了信噪比增益。
en-us	When the signal-to-noise ratio is 2～6 dB, the system bit error rate is lower than the bit error rate of the signal propagating in free space range from 10-1to 10-3, indicating that MMSE equalization makes full use of the energy of the multipath component and obtains the signal-to-noise ratio gain.

zh-cn	目标定位是雷达信号处理中一个具有重要理论意义与实际意义问题。
en-us	Targets localization is an issue of theoretical importance and practical significance in radar signal processing.

zh-cn	为解决频控阵雷达传统的目标定位算法存在计算量大、目标真实位置偏离空间离散采样网格等问题。
en-us	In order to solve the problems of the traditional targets localization algorithm of Frequency Diverse Array(FDA) radar, such as large amount of calculation and the true location of the target deviates from the spatial discretized sampling grid.

zh-cn	本文将频控阵雷达特性与离网稀疏贝叶斯模型结合提出了基于稀疏贝叶斯学习的双脉冲频控阵雷达离网目标定位算法。
en-us	In this paper, an off-grid targets localization algorithm by a double-pulse Frequency Diverse Array(FDA) radar based on Sparse Bayesian Learning(SBL) is put forward by combining FDA radar characteristics with off-grid Sparse Bayesian model.

zh-cn	频控阵雷达发送两个脉冲，其频率偏移量分别为零和非零，
en-us	The FDA radar transmits two pulses with zero and non-zero frequency offsets, respectively,

zh-cn	然后基于离网稀疏贝叶斯模型估计目标的方位角与斜距。
en-us	and then estimates the azimuth angle and slant range of targets based on the off-grid sparse Bayesian model.

zh-cn	这种方法可以理解为当频控阵雷达以零频偏发射脉冲时，在角度域中检测目标，然后通过适当选择非零频率偏移量在距离域中对目标定位。
en-us	This approach can be interpreted as detecting the targets in angle dimension when the FDA radar emits pulse with zero offset and then localizing them in range dimension by properly choosing the non-zero frequency offset.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，即使在较粗糙的采样网格下，该算法也能保持较高的估计精度，
en-us	According to the simulation, the algorithm can maintain high estimation accuracy even under a coarse sampling grid,

zh-cn	显示了其优于传统算法的优势，证明了该方法的有效性与可靠性。
en-us	have shown advantages over conventional ones, which proves the effectiveness and reliability of the method.