zh-cn	仿真结果证明了LA-Star算法满足航路规划的实时性和准确性要求。
en-us	The simulation results prove the LA - Star algorithm satisfies the requirement of the real-time and accuracy of route planning.

zh-cn	针对空战中我方双机协同对抗敌方单机的引导问题，提出了一种近似最优的接敌对策。
en-us	Aiming at our synergy of two in air combat against enemy single lead question, and puts forward a kind of approximate optimal form a countermeasure.

zh-cn	首先，通过对几何态势的分析建立了态势模型;
en-us	First of all, through the analysis of geometric situational situational model is established;

zh-cn	其次，给出了战斗机约束条件并构造了综合态势优势函数;
en-us	Secondly, gives the fighter constraints and constructs the comprehensive situation superiority functions;

zh-cn	然后，利用滚动时域控制(receding horizon control，RHC)得到了数值解;
en-us	Then, using the rolling time domain control (receding horizon control, RHC) get the numerical solution;

zh-cn	最后，给出了一个空战对抗实例。
en-us	Finally, a air combat against instance is presented.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，设计的接敌对策能扩大我方态势优势，占据有利发射位置，最终达到先敌发射的目标，是一种有效的战术策略。
en-us	Simulation results show that the design of the form a countermeasure to enlarge our advantages, favorable launch position, finally achieve the purpose of the first enemy fire, is a kind of effective tactics.

zh-cn	针对分布式小卫星体制提出联合多普勒解模糊SAR成像算法，实现低方位重频采样下的高分辨宽测绘带SAR成像。
en-us	For distributed small satellite system combined doppler fuzzy SAR imaging algorithm, to implement low bearing heavy sampling of surveying and mapping with high resolution wide frequency SAR imaging.

zh-cn	该算法可以有效校正垂直基线，进而解决其对多普勒解模糊性能的影响。
en-us	The algorithm can effectively calibrate vertical baseline, and then solve its effect on the properties of doppler solution of fuzzy.

zh-cn	不但校正了垂直基线对应的非空变部分和空变部分，而且结合多普勒解模糊算法校正了残余的垂直基线相位项，从而可以保证多普勒解模糊算法精确实现。
en-us	Vertical baseline correction not only not empty change part and an empty part of the corresponding, and the fuzzy algorithm combined with doppler solution vertical baseline correction for the residual phase, in order to ensure the accuracy doppler fuzzy algorithm implementation.

zh-cn	另外，针对算法精度进行详细分析，增强文章的工程应用价值。
en-us	In addition, the algorithm precision for detailed analysis, enhance the article value of engineering application.

zh-cn	最后，利用仿真实验数据验证算法的有效性。
en-us	At last, the validity of the algorithm is validated with simulation data.

zh-cn	传统定位方法一般是在假设传感器位置信息准确已知的前提下进行的。
en-us	The traditional positioning method is usually under the assumption that sensors under the premise of accurate location information is known.

zh-cn	然而在实际情形中，传感器位置信息往往含有随机误差，这些误差会严重影响目标的定位精度。
en-us	In practical situations, however, sensor location information often contain random errors, these errors will seriously affect the location accuracy of target.

zh-cn	针对这一问题，提出了一种存在传感器误差情况下的线性校正TOA定位算法。
en-us	In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a case of sensor error exists linear correction TOA positioning algorithm.

zh-cn	首先将非线性TOA定位方程组转化为一组关于目标位置的伪线性方程，利用加权最小二乘估计进行初始求解;
en-us	First convert nonlinear TOA positioning equations into a set of target location of pseudo linear equation, using the weighted least squares estimation for initial solution;

zh-cn	然后在此基础上把伪线性方程组转化为关于估计偏差的求解问题，进而对初始解进行线性校正。
en-us	Then on the basis of the pseudo linear system of equations into to solve the problem about estimate deviation, and linear correction on initial solution.

zh-cn	在测量误差充分小的情况下分析了该算法的有效性。
en-us	In the case of sufficiently small measuring error analysis of the effectiveness of the algorithm.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明该算法具有较好的定位性能。
en-us	Simulation results show that the algorithm has better performance of positioning.

zh-cn	为确保重要目标的信息安全，提出了一种二维间歇采样延迟转发的SAR干扰技术，
en-us	In order to ensure the information security of important targets, this paper proposes a two-dimensional intermittent sampling delay forwarding SAR jamming technology,

zh-cn	该技术直接攻击SAR的脉内相干特性，使雷达在干扰机附近的距离向和方位向同时产生多个以主假目标为中心对称分布的逼真假目标串，
en-us	the technology of direct attack intra-pulse coherence properties of SAR, the radar distance near the jammer to and orientation to producing multiple symmetrical distribution for the center with the false target lifelike false target string,

zh-cn	干扰效果取决于距离向和方位向的采样周期和占空比。
en-us	interference effect depends on the distance and orientation to the sampling period and duty cycle.

zh-cn	因结合延迟转发技术，产生的距离向主假目标和方位向主假目标将不再重叠，且会偏离干扰机的所在位置，
en-us	Due to delay in forwarding technology, the distance to the main target and orientation to the main false target will no longer overlap, and will deviate from the location of the jammer,

zh-cn	既可得到逼真的干扰效果，又保护了干扰机的安全。
en-us	can get real interference effect, and to protect the safety of the jammer.

zh-cn	针对现有文献研究干扰技术多、研究应用少的问题，建立了二维间歇采样转发干扰技术的应用模型，给
en-us	In view of existing literature research interference technology, research and application of less problem, established a two-dimensional intermittent sampling forward jamming technology application model,

zh-cn	出了高阶假目标能量补偿的调制系数。
en-us	gives the high-order modulation coefficient of false target energy compensation.

zh-cn	仿真实验验证了上述理论和方法的有效性和优越性。
en-us	Simulation results prove the validity of the above theory and method and superiority.

zh-cn	研究了离散时间一阶二阶混合的异构多智能体系统有向通信下的一致性问题。
en-us	Research the discrete time of first order second order mixed heterogeneous multi-agent system to the consistency problem of the communication.

zh-cn	首先，对该系统内的个体分别提出了相应的一致性协议。
en-us	First of all, the system of individual respectively puts forward the corresponding agreement.

zh-cn	针对该异构系统不满足离散时间系统研究中凸性要求的问题，本文引入了一个非奇异变换，
en-us	For the heterogeneous system did not meet the requirements of convexity in discrete time system research, this paper introduces a nonsingular transformation,

zh-cn	采用非负矩阵理论和一致性理论，分别分析得出了系统在固定和动态拓扑下实现一致性的充分条件。
en-us	using the theory of nonnegative matrices and the theory of consistency, respectively under stationary and dynamic topology analysis it is concluded that the system implementation, and the sufficient conditions for consistency.

zh-cn	当通信拓扑包含生成树，采样时间和控制参数在一定范围内取值系统将获得一致性，该范围取决于通信拓扑的度矩阵。
en-us	As the communication topology contains a spanning tree, sampling time and the control parameters in a certain range value system will get consistency, the range depends on the degree of communication topology matrix.

zh-cn	最后，通过仿真对该结论进行了验证。
en-us	Finally, the conclusions are verified by simulation.

zh-cn	在装备保障系统的全寿命周期中，其能力会经历较大的起伏。
en-us	In the whole life cycle of the equipment support system, will experience a larger ups and downs of his ability.

zh-cn	为了更好地把握保障系统能力演化趋势，本文首先建立反映单位时间内装备保障能力变化量的微分动力方程，并据此推导出装备保障系统的突变模型。
en-us	In order to better grasp the security ability evolution trend, this paper established the reflect the variation of unit time equipment support capability to differential dynamic equation, and deduce the mutation model of equipment support system.

zh-cn	通过研究该突变模型分岔点集中各区域的势函数，给出临界点分布情况，可判断装备保障系统的综合控制参数所处区域。
en-us	By studying the bifurcation point mutation model focus on the potential function of each area, give point distribution, which can diagnose the comprehensive controlling parameters of equipment support system in area.

zh-cn	根据控制变量的变化趋势，可进一步分析保障系统能力跃变的发生情况，从而为实现其过程控制奠定方法基础。
en-us	According to the trend of the control variables can be further analysis support system and the ability to jump method basis to realize the process control.

zh-cn	最后给出了相应的算例，表明了论文方法的有效性。
en-us	Finally the corresponding example is given, which indicates that the validity of the method of the thesis.

zh-cn	Wiener过程广泛用于产品的性能退化建模，为了便于Bayesian统计推断大都采用随机参数的共轭先验分布。
en-us	Wiener process is widely used in product performance degradation model, in order to facilitate the Bayesian statistical inference are mostly adopt the conjugate prior distribution of random parameters.

zh-cn	针对目前的二步法得到的超参数先验估计值精度不高的问题，研究了最大期望(expectation maximization，EM)算法在Wiener过程超参数先验估计中的应用。
en-us	Super parameter in two steps to get a priori estimate accuracy is not high, the maximum expected (expectation maximization, EM) algorithm in the application of super Wiener process parameters a priori estimates.

zh-cn	EM算法将随机参数作为隐含变量对先验信息进行整体处理，利用随机参数的期望值代替其估计值，
en-us	EM algorithm is a random parameter as the hidden variables to the whole processing of a priori information, instead of using random parameter expectations of its estimate,

zh-cn	通过Expectation和Maximization组成的递归迭代过程寻找超参数的估计值。
en-us	through the Expectation and Maximization of recursive iteration process for super parameter estimates.

zh-cn	仿真实验表明，EM算法相比于二步法提高了估计精度，特别是在采样数量较少时EM算法具有较大的精度优势。
en-us	Simulation results show that the EM algorithm compared to the two steps to improve the estimation precision, especially in the periods of low sampling number EM algorithm has higher precision.

zh-cn	GaAs激光器实例应用表明EM算法不但具备很好的收敛性而且有良好的工程应用价值。
en-us	GaAs laser application instances show that the EM algorithm not only has good convergence and good engineering application value.

zh-cn	为了促使Ad-hoc网络中的"自私"节点进行合作，提出了一种基于博弈论和粒子群优化的协作算法(Nash Bargaining of game theory and particle swarm optimization，NGPSO)在算法的第一阶段，源节点通过对中继节点转发的数据进行价格补偿，从而达到使中继节点参与合作的目的。
en-us	In order to encourage "selfish" node in Ad hoc network, this paper proposes a collaborative algorithm based on game theory and particle swarm optimization (Nash Bargaining of game going and particle swarm optimization, NGPSO) in the first phase of the algorithm, the source node to relay node forward price compensation data, so as to achieve the aim of the relay nodes to cooperate.

zh-cn	将源节点的最优出价归结为纳什谈判问题，得到具有帕累托最优的激励价格，保证源节点和中继节点在合作中同时获得最佳收益;
en-us	To attribute the source node, the optimal bid for Nash negotiations, with the pareto optimal incentive price, ensure that the source node and relay node at the same time get the best benefits in cooperation;

zh-cn	在算法的第二阶段，中继节点在获得源节点的最优出价后，通过粒子群优化算法得到最优的转发功率，使其合作收益增益最大。
en-us	In the second phase of the algorithm and relay nodes, after get the source node optimal bid by particle swarm optimization algorithm to get the best power forward, make its cooperation benefits the biggest gain.

zh-cn	仿真表明，和随机价格激励相比，所提出的NGPSO算法能使源节点和中继节点达到最优收益;
en-us	Simulation shows that compared with random price incentives, NGPSO proposed algorithm can make the source node and relay node to achieve the optimal benefits;

zh-cn	和中继节点固定功率转发相比，所提出的NGPSO算法，能显著提高源节点的能量效率和中继节点的收益，
en-us	Compared with fixed relay node power forward NGPSO algorithm proposed by the authors can significantly improve the energy efficiency of source node and relay node,

zh-cn	同时在适当设置中继节点转发功率的搜索空间时，可以保证总的能量效率。
en-us	at the same time in the appropriate set forward power relay nodes, the search space can guarantee the overall energy efficiency.

zh-cn	在通信系统的接收端采用与发送端不同的跳频序列，用户的地址码就是这两个序列组成的序列偶。
en-us	In the communication system of receiving end and sending end use different frequency hopping sequence, the user's address code is the sequence of the two sequences.

zh-cn	在以跳频序列偶为地址码的跳频通信系统中，跳频序列偶的自相关函数和互相关函数满足的理论界是判断跳频序列偶和跳频序列偶集好坏的标准。
en-us	In frequency hopping sequence accidentally to address code of frequency hopping communication system, frequency hopping sequence accidentally autocorrelation function and cross-correlation function meet the theoretical circle is judging frequency hopping sequence and frequency hopping sequence pair set standards of good or bad.

zh-cn	提出了跳频序列偶和跳频序列偶的汉明相关函数的概念，给出了由跳频序列偶的汉明相关值、频隙个数、序列的长度、序列偶的个数构成的理论界。
en-us	Proposes the frequency hopping sequence and frequency hopping sequence accidentally, the concept of hamming correlation function, is given by the frequency hopping sequence occasionally hamming correlation value, frequency gap number, the length of the sequence, the sequence of number theory.

zh-cn	针对认知用户在频谱切换过程中无法实时地获取授权用户到达率与服务率的问题，提出了基于隐式马尔可夫模型的参数估计算法。
en-us	Cognitive users against in the process of spectral switch unable to real-time access to authorized users of the arrival rate and the service rate, was proposed based on hidden markov model parameter estimation algorithm is proposed.

zh-cn	首先利用排队论对授权用户队列进行建模与分析，推导出授权用户队列状态转移概率;
en-us	First use of queues on authorized user queue for modeling and analysis, authorized users queue state transition probability is deduced;

zh-cn	其次利用能量感知算法检测授权用户队列真实状态，获得可观测序列值;
en-us	Secondly, authorized users were detected by energy awareness queue true state, obtain an observation sequence value;

zh-cn	然后利用隐式马尔可夫模型描述两种随机过程，即授权用户队列状态变化随机过程和可观测序列随机过程;
en-us	Then hidden markov model is used to describe two kinds of random process, the authorized user queue status change random process and an observation sequence random process;

zh-cn	最后利用forward-backward算法估计隐式马尔可夫模型，从而获得授权用户到达率与服务率。
en-us	The forward-backward algorithm is used to estimate the implicit markov model, arrival rate and the service rate for authorized users.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该方法能够实现实时的、较为精确的估计，从而实时地为认知用户选择频谱切换策略提供依据。
en-us	Simulation results show that the method can achieve real-time and accurate estimation, thus real-time to provide the basis for the cognitive spectrum to switch the user to select strategy.

zh-cn	针对较大规模静态武器目标分配问题中算法实时性差、分配方案不适用于发生变化的战场态势的问题，
en-us	For large-scale static weapon target assignment problem in algorithm real-time performance, the scheme is not suitable for change of battlefield situation,

zh-cn	分析了装甲分队动态武器目标分配问题的特点，
en-us	analyzes the characteristics of armored brigade dynamic weapon target assignment problem,

zh-cn	以解效用最大为目标函数，提出了一种算法终止控制策略，
en-us	with the goal of maximizing the solution of the utility function, this paper proposes a algorithm to end control strategy,

zh-cn	其综合考虑了解的质量、继续计算改善解质量的效率、模型参数变化的影响。
en-us	the comprehensive consideration to understand quality, continue to improve the solution quality of efficiency, the influence of model parameters.

zh-cn	将该策略应用于一种改进蚁群算法中，
en-us	This strategy was applied to an improved ant colony algorithm,

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，应用此种策略可在确保一定解质量的前提下，避免解失效并有效提高解效用，减少计算迭代次数，缩短计算时间。
en-us	simulation results show that applying this strategy can be on the premise of to ensure the quality of a solution, to avoid failure and improve the solution utility, reduce the calculation of the number of iterations, shorten the calculation time.

zh-cn	针对宽带功率放大器的强记忆效应，提出了一种前馈交叉记忆多项式模型。
en-us	Strong memory effects for broadband power amplifier, a feedforward cross memory polynomial model is put forward.

zh-cn	该模型由主信号对消和畸变注入两个环路构成。
en-us	The model by the main signal cancellation and distortion into two loop.

zh-cn	信号对消环路采用记忆多项式模型对带内动态线性记忆效应进行建模;
en-us	Memory polynomial model is adopted to take the signal cancellation loop dynamic linear memory effect modeling;

zh-cn	畸变注入环路采用记忆时刻信号间的交叉记忆项对带外扩展频谱行为进行建模。
en-us	Distortion between injection loop USES the memory time signals cross item memory for out-of-band spread spectrum behavior modeling.

zh-cn	为克服最小二乘法在模型辨识中带来的数值不稳定问题，采用共轭梯度的方法对模型的参数进行辨识。
en-us	To overcome the least-square method in the numerical instability problem in the model identification, conjugate gradient method is adopted for model parameters are identified.

zh-cn	为消除噪声和测量误差对模型参数辨识带来的影响，采用ADS软件包络仿真的方法获取精确的功放输入输出信号复包络数据，并对该模型进行充分的性能分析和评估。
en-us	To eliminate the noise and the effects of measurement error of the model parameters identification, adopt the method of envelope ADS software simulation to obtain accurate power amplifier input and output signal complex envelope data, and the performance of the model fully analysis and evaluation.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，所提方法对宽带功放的非线性动态特性具有很好的逼近能力，
en-us	The experimental results show that the proposed method for nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the broadband power amplifier have good approximation capability,

zh-cn	特别是带外频谱扩展特性，较之常用的方法提升了近10dB。
en-us	especially the band spectrum extension features, compared with the commonly used method to promote the nearly 10 db.

zh-cn	现代战场环境具有高度的不确定性，对维修零配件的需求数量是不确定的。
en-us	Modern battlefield environment with a high degree of uncertainty, the demand for maintenance spare parts number is uncertain.

zh-cn	同时，对战场上的战损件进行及时修复再造，与后方调运的零配件共同满足维修零配件需求，
en-us	At the same time, against the field of battle damage repair on time, meet the demand of maintenance spare parts together with the rear dispatching of spare parts,

zh-cn	既可以及时满足战场需求，又能降低维修零配件的储运成本。
en-us	can meet the demand of the battlefield in time, and can reduce the maintenance spare parts storage and transportation cost.

zh-cn	但是战损件能否修复存在一定的不确定性，给战场维修零配件的供应优化带来新的挑战。
en-us	But the battle damage parts can repair has certain uncertainty, the supply of spare parts optimization brings new challenges to battlefield maintenance.

zh-cn	在考虑维修零配件需求和战损件修复不确定性的条件下，研究了战场上多产品维修零配件供应优化问题，
en-us	Considering the maintenance spare parts demand and battle damage repair under the condition of uncertainty, studied the battlefield more product maintenance,

zh-cn	建立了优化问题的数学模型，基于拉格朗日松弛开发了模型的求解算法，
en-us	spare parts supply optimization mathematical model is established, based on Lagrangian relaxation algorithm of solving the model is developed,

zh-cn	以不同规模的随机测试算例验证了算法的有效性与鲁棒性。
en-us	different sizes of random testing example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the algorithm.

zh-cn	针对无损检测红外热波图像对比度低、边缘模糊、含大量噪声的问题，提出了基于Contourlet变换和混沌变异双粒子群优化(adaptive chaotic variation particle swarm optimization，ACPSO)的自适应增强方法。
en-us	For the infrared thermal wave nondestructive detection, image contrast is low, edge blur, containing a lot of noise, is proposed based on Contourlet transform and chaos mutation particle swarm optimization (adaptive chaotic variation particle swarm optimization, ACPSO) methods of adaptive enhancement.

zh-cn	红外热波图像经Contourlet变换分解成低通和带通方向子带。
en-us	Infrared thermal wave image by Contourlet transform into subband low-pass and band-pass direction.

zh-cn	低通子带系数依据一种适应于人类视觉系统的灰度级变换调整，待定参数由ACPSO确定，为了得到最佳增强效果，适应度函数由一种对比度测量函数确定;
en-us	Low-pass subband coefficients based on an adaptation of gray level transformation to adjust the human visual system, undetermined parameters are determined by ACPSO, in order to get the best effect, the fitness function determined by a contrast measurement function;

zh-cn	带通方向子带系数的调整则采用非线性增益函数实现，从而抑制噪声并增强细节。
en-us	Bandpass direction of subband coefficients, by a nonlinear gain function is to restrain noise and enhance the details.

zh-cn	大量红外热波图像增强实验结果表明，与现有的4种增强方法相比，能大大提高缺陷和背景之间的对比度，增强缺陷的边缘细节。
en-us	A large number of experimental results show that the infrared thermal wave image enhancement compared with the existing four enhancement methods, can greatly improve the contrast between the defects and background, enhance the edges of the defect details.

zh-cn	进一步采用倒数熵多阈值分割方法时，能更有效地提取缺陷，为后续准确进行缺陷识别和尺寸测量奠定了基础。
en-us	Further using inverse entropy threshold segmentation method, more effectively extract defect, for subsequent accurate defect recognition and measurement laid a foundation.

zh-cn	提出一种稀疏描述与结构特征相结合的极化合成孔径雷达(polarimetric synthetic aperture radar，PolSAR)图像斑点抑制算法。
en-us	Put forward a kind of sparse description combined with structure characteristics of polarization synthetic aperture radar (polarimetric synthetic aperture radar, PolSAR) image speckle suppression algorithm.

zh-cn	首先利用图像的极化信息对原图像按结构特征分类，形成分类标记图;
en-us	First use of polarization information of the image of the original image according to the structure characteristics of classification, form classification mark figure;

zh-cn	然后采用正交匹配追踪(orthogonal matching pursuit，OMP)算法对图像进行稀疏分解，
en-us	Then the orthogonal matching pursuit (orthogonal matching pursuit, OMP) algorithm for image sparse decomposition,

zh-cn	利用K奇异值分解(K-singular value decomposition，K-SVD)算法对过完备字典进行训练更新，
en-us	using singular value decomposition (SVD) K (K - singular value decomposition, K - SVD) training algorithm for complete dictionary update,

zh-cn	得到图像相应的训练字典和稀疏系数，重构图像;
en-us	get the image of the corresponding training dictionary and sparse coefficient, reconstructing images;

zh-cn	最后在重构图像中按分类图增强相应的点线目标。
en-us	Finally according to the classification figure in the reconstructed image enhancement corresponding target point line.

zh-cn	利用美国AIRSAR系统采集的半月湾地区数据进行实验表明:该方法在实现图像去噪的同时，能够有效的保持地物的散射特性。
en-us	Using the AIRSAR system of half moon bay area data experiments show that the method in the implementation of image denoising and at the same time, can effectively keep the scattering characteristics of ground objects.

zh-cn	随着未来宽带、超宽带通信技术的发展，现有以传统奈奎斯特采样定理为基础的信号的采集、传输、存储和处理系统将面临严峻的挑战，模拟-信息转换器(analog-to-information convertor，AIC)将可能是这些挑战的有效解决途径。
en-us	With the development of future broadband, ultra broadband communication technology, the existing traditional Nyquist sampling theorem based signal collection, transmission, storage and processing system will face serious challenges, analog information converter (analog - to - information convertor, AIC) would be an effective way to solve the challenges.

zh-cn	AIC是近年来国内外研究的热点，
en-us	AIC is a hotspot of research at home and abroad in recent years,

zh-cn	其以压缩感知原理为理论基础，
en-us	based on the theory of compressed sensing principle,

zh-cn	突破传统的奈奎斯特采样定理的约束，
en-us	break through the traditional Nyquist sampling theorem,

zh-cn	以远低于奈奎斯特速率对信号进行采样，
en-us	far lower than the Nyquist rate of signal sampling,

zh-cn	并确保能准确重构出原始信号，
en-us	and ensure that can accurately reconstruct the original signal,

zh-cn	是稀疏信号的有效获取方法。
en-us	is the effective method to obtain the sparse signal.

zh-cn	以稀疏信号采集为主线，综述了近年来AIC设计与实现的研究进展，分析了不同方案在稀疏信号获取方面的优势与不足，
en-us	With sparse signal acquisition as the main line, AIC in recent years were reviewed the research progress of the design and implementation, analyzes the different schemes in sparse signal gain advantages and disadvantages,

zh-cn	描述了国内外的相关研究进展，
en-us	describes the related research progress both at home and abroad,

zh-cn	并对未来AIC可能的发展方向进行了展望。
en-us	and for the future development direction of AIC may is prospected.

zh-cn	针对固定翼无人机(unmanned aerial vehicles，UAVs)自主着陆过程中的航迹角跟踪控制问题，提出了一种非线性增益递归滑模控制方法。
en-us	For fixed wing uav (unmanned aerial vehicles, UAVs) track Angle tracking control problem in the process of autonomous landing, this paper proposes a nonlinear gain recursive sliding mode control method.

zh-cn	通过引入一个新的非线性增益函数，并设计含有积分项的递归滑模面，在保证航迹角跟踪控制精度的同时有效改善了控制系统的动态品质，
en-us	By introducing a new nonlinear gain function, and the design of recursive integral sliding mode surface, while ensuring track Angle tracking control accuracy at the same time effectively improved the dynamic quality of control system,

zh-cn	克服了常规动态面控制(dynamic surface control，DSC)方法对于量测噪声敏感、容易引起执行器饱和的缺点。
en-us	overcome the conventional dynamic surface control (dynamic surface control, DSC) method for measuring the noise sensitive, easy to cause the shortcoming of actuator saturation.

zh-cn	理论证明了所得航迹角跟踪控制系统所有状态半全局一致最终有界，
en-us	Theory of all state income track Angle tracking control system is proved half globally uniformly ultimately bounded,

zh-cn	航迹角跟踪误差可以收敛至原点的指定小邻域，
en-us	track Angle tracking error can converge to specify a small neighborhood of the origin,

zh-cn	且对于非时变干扰和常值指令不存在稳态跟踪误差。
en-us	and for the time-invariant disturbance and constant instructions there is no steady state tracking error.

zh-cn	在YF-22模型机上进行的数值仿真验证了本文方法的优越性。
en-us	Based on model of YF - 22 of numerical simulation verify the superiority of this method.

zh-cn	针对提高弹道导弹中段突防成功概率问题，提出了主动防御滑模自适应制导律。
en-us	To improve the ballistic missile midcourse penetration probability of success, active defense adaptive sliding mode guidance law is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，推导出目标、拦截导弹和防御导弹的三维相对运动方程。
en-us	First, deduce the goal, interceptors and the 3 d relative motion equation of missile defense.

zh-cn	其次，基于三角拦截制导策略，利用Lyapunov稳定性理论设计了主动防御滑模自适应制导律(active defense adaptive sliding mode guidance law，AD-ASMG)。
en-us	Secondly, based on the triangle interception guidance strategy, the use of Lyapunov stability theory to design the active defense adaptive sliding mode guidance law (the active defense, the adaptive sliding mode guidance law, AD - ASMG).

zh-cn	该制导律能同时达到两个制导目标:
en-us	The guidance law can also achieve two guidance:

zh-cn	防御导弹处在目标和拦截导弹视线上，保持三点共线;
en-us	defense missile target and interceptor missiles in the line of sight, keep three points collinear;

zh-cn	零化防御导弹对拦截导弹的视线转率。
en-us	Zero defense to intercept missiles of the line of sight rate.

zh-cn	最后，针对开关式轨控发动机推力大小不可调节的问题，考虑了发动机动态特性，设计了精确的脉冲宽度调制(pulse width modulation，PWM)控制方法，获得可变的等效力，适应制导指令变化的要求。
en-us	Finally, in view of the switch rail control the engine thrust cannot adjust to the size of the problem, considering the dynamic characteristics of engine, design the precise pulse width modulation (pulse width modulation, PWM) control method, variable, such as effectiveness, to adapt to changes in guidance commands.

zh-cn	六自由度仿真结果表明了该制导律的有效性。
en-us	Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed guidance law.

zh-cn	在线多示例目标跟踪算法无法判别目标丢失以及无法适应目标尺度的变化。
en-us	Online sample target tracking algorithm can't distinguish more lost and unable to adapt to changes in the target dimension.

zh-cn	提出了一种基于视觉字典的在线多示例目标跟踪算法。
en-us	Put forward a kind of online sample more target tracking algorithm based on visual dictionary.

zh-cn	算法将视觉字典和多示例跟踪分别作为检测器和跟踪器，利用互反馈技术提高跟踪性能。
en-us	Algorithm and the visual dictionary more sample tracking as a detector and tracker, respectively using mutual feedback technology to improve the tracking performance.

zh-cn	跟踪器完成目标的跟踪并为视觉字典的构建和更新提供训练样本;
en-us	Tracking target tracking and provide visual dictionary construction and update the training sample;

zh-cn	检测器则对跟踪器的结果(候选样本)进行判定，
en-us	Detector is the results of the tracker to identify (candidate),

zh-cn	目标丢失时，暂停跟踪并重新检测目标，
en-us	the target is lost, the suspension of target tracking and detection,

zh-cn	目标未丢失时，利用Ransac算法获得目标的尺度变换系数并在新尺度下更新跟踪器。
en-us	the target is not lost, use Ransac algorithm to obtain the scale of the target transform coefficient and update the tracker in the new scale.

zh-cn	为了提高目标丢失判别的准确性，提出了一种局部随机抽样的直方图相似性度量技术，
en-us	In order to improve the accuracy of target loss criterion, this paper proposes a local histogram similarity measure technology of random sampling,

zh-cn	采用局部划分思想和Noisy-NR模型计算候选样本与训练样本特征直方图的相似性，
en-us	the idea of local division and Noisy - NR model candidate sample and training sample feature histogram similarity,

zh-cn	减少了传统直方图匹配由于受目标局部遮挡影响造成的误判。
en-us	reduces the traditional histogram matching due to the effect of target partial shade caused by misjudgment.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该算法能够适应目标的尺度变化，检测目标的丢失，提高了跟踪稳定性。
en-us	The experimental results show that the algorithm can adapt to the change of the scale of the target, detect the loss of the target, improve the tracking stability.

zh-cn	针对图像加性高斯白噪声，提出一种优化的自适应参数滤波算法。
en-us	Additive white gaussian noise on images, put forward a kind of optimization parameters adaptive filtering algorithm.

zh-cn	该算法以非局部欧氏中值(nonlocal Euclidean medians，NLEM)滤波算法为基础，
en-us	The algorithm to nonlocal Euclidean median (nonlocal Euclidean medians, NLEM) filter algorithm as the foundation,

zh-cn	根据含噪图像梯度幅值在一定噪声范围内服从Rayleigh分布这一特性，求得以梯度幅值和噪声标准差为自变量的二元自适应滤波参数，并将它引入到邻域的权值计算中。
en-us	according to the image gradient amplitude in a certain noise signals with noise obey Rayleigh distribution within the scope of the properties, obtained by gradient amplitude and the noise standard deviation for binary adaptive filter parameters of the independent variables, and to introduce it to the neighborhood of the weight calculation.

zh-cn	所选图像的实验结果表明，本文算法在一定噪声范围内不但获得满意的去噪效果，而且有效地减少人机交互程度。
en-us	The experimental results for the selected images show that the algorithm is within a certain range of noise not only obtain satisfactory denoising effect, and effectively reduce the degree of human-computer interaction.

zh-cn	针对自相似业务流量下的高突发性及重尾性所引起的空间数据系统调度性能下降问题，
en-us	For self-similar business flow under high spatial data caused by sudden and heavy tail system scheduling performance degradation problems,

zh-cn	分析了高级在轨系统(advanced orbiting system，AOS)虚拟信道存取(virtual channel access，VCA)子层调度策略以及现有基于短相关模型调度算法的不足，
en-us	analyzes the advanced orbit system (advanced orbiting system, AOS) virtual channel access (virtual channel access, VCA) sub-layer scheduling policy and the shortage of the existing scheduling algorithm based on short correlation model,

zh-cn	引入Hurst参数、紧迫度、流量离差、成帧时间因子等权值参量，
en-us	introducing the Hurst parameter, pressing into the frame, flow deviation, time factor weight parameters,

zh-cn	提出一种基于延时累积的自适应轮询调度(scheduling of delay accumulated adaptive polling，SDAAP)算法，
en-us	is proposed based on adaptive polling delay accumulated scheduling (scheduling of delay accumulated the adaptive polling, SDAAP) algorithm,

zh-cn	通过自适应改变延时阀值因子实现多业务的差异化调度，
en-us	through the adaptive change of time-delay valve value factor to realize the business differentiation scheduling,

zh-cn	从而优化AOS虚拟信道服务质量及调度性能。
en-us	thus optimizing the AOS service quality and virtual channel scheduling performance.

zh-cn	采用多信源重尾分布的ON/OFF流量分布模型进行仿真验证，实验结果表明，针对自相似业务流，SDAAP算法在溢出率、平均延迟等方面优于AOS固定阀值和等时调度算法。
en-us	Multi source of heavy-tailed ON/OFF traffic distribution model simulation, the experimental results show that for the self-similar traffic stream SDAAP algorithm in such aspects as overflow ratio, average delay is superior to the AOS fixed threshold and scheduling algorithm etc.

zh-cn	针对现有扩展卡尔曼滤波算法在协同定位应用计算复杂的问题，提出一种基于联合分布状态的信息滤波算法，并将其运用在多机器人协同定位中。
en-us	In view of the existing extended kalman filtering algorithm in application co-location computing complex problems, put forward a kind of information filtering algorithm based on joint distribution state, and its use in multi-robot cooperative localization.

zh-cn	从3个方面解决计算复杂的问题:
en-us	Solve the problem of calculating complex from three aspects:

zh-cn	第一，借鉴机器人同步构图与定位，利用联合分布状态将关键历史状态保留在滤波中，避免时间更新的复杂计算;
en-us	first, draw lessons from robot synchronization composition and positioning, using the joint distribution status, keep the key historical status in filtering, avoid complex calculation time update;

zh-cn	第二，利用滤波信息参数的稀疏性，减小滤波所涉及的计算复杂度;
en-us	Second, make use of information filtering parameter is sparse, decreasing filtering computing complexity involved;

zh-cn	第三，根据Cholesky矩阵分解的特殊性质，
en-us	Third, based on the special properties of the matrix Cholesky decomposition,

zh-cn	进一步减少计算复杂度，
en-us	further reduce the computational complexity,

zh-cn	节省存储空间，
en-us	saving storage space,

zh-cn	简化通信管理，
en-us	simplify the communication management,

zh-cn	便于工作负载均衡分配。
en-us	facilitate the distribution of workload balancing.

zh-cn	理论分析与仿真结果表明，该方法在确保计算与存储复杂度的同时保证了估计精度和协同定位的有效性。
en-us	Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the method in computing and storage complexity at the same time to ensure the effectiveness of the estimation precision and co-location.

zh-cn	针对非线性系统的模型预测控制问题，提出了一种基于线性近似和神经网络逼近的控制算法。
en-us	Predictive control problem of nonlinear system model, this paper proposes a control algorithm based on linear approximation and the neural network approximation.

zh-cn	用Taylor级数展开法对非线性系统进行线性近似时，要求对象系统中的非线性函数必须连续可微。
en-us	Using Taylor series expansion method for linear approximation of nonlinear system, the request object in the system must be continuously differentiable nonlinear function.

zh-cn	为了突破这一限制，引入了Stirling插值公式线性近似法，拓展了可处理的非线性系统范围。
en-us	In order to break through the limit, Stirling interpolation formula of linear approximation method is introduced, expanding the scope can deal with nonlinear system.

zh-cn	通过对线性化过程中产生的非线性高阶项进行径向基函数(radial basis function，RBF)神经网络逼近，显著提高了对象系统模型精确度。
en-us	Through the linearization of nonlinear higher order term of radial basis function (radial basis function, RBF) neural network approximation, significantly improve the object systems model accuracy.

zh-cn	为了降低数值计算复杂度，将控制性能指标函数重构为易于处理的二次型最优化问题，通过对该二次型最优化问题的求解得到了最优控制序列。
en-us	To reduce the numerical computational complexity, the control performance index function reconstruction for easy handling of quadratic optimization problem, based on the quadratic optimization problem of solving the optimal control sequence.

zh-cn	控制过程考虑了约束条件的影响以模拟真实的工业生产过程。
en-us	Control process considering the effect of constraint condition to simulate a real industrial process.

zh-cn	仿真结果证明了所提出预测控制方案的有效性。
en-us	The simulation results proved the validity of the control scheme is proposed.

zh-cn	为提高块稀疏信号重构算法性能，利用测量矩阵块相干特性对块稀疏约束等距常数进行估计和讨论。
en-us	To improving the performance of block sparse signal reconstruction algorithm based on the measurement matrix block coherence properties of block sparse constraint equidistant constant is estimated and discussed.

zh-cn	在此基础上，将联合子空间的分块思想引入压缩采样匹配追踪(compressive sampling matching pursuit，CoSaMP)算法，提出了基于约束等距的块稀疏压缩采样匹配追踪(block CoSaMP，BCoSaMP)算法，以子矩阵为单位更新重构支撑集，放宽了约束等距条件。
en-us	On this basis, the joint of the subspace block compression sampling matching pursuit idea (compressive from matching pursuit, CoSaMP) algorithm, is proposed based on constraint equidistant sparse block compression sampling matching pursuit (block, CoSaMP BCoSaMP) algorithm, the update for the unit with the submatrix refactoring support set, relax the constraint conditions of equidistant.

zh-cn	在高斯随机测量矩阵条件下，证明分块尺寸越大、最优相干块更新数量在适当范围内越少，重构误差收敛性越好且信号临界稀疏比越大。
en-us	Under the condition of gaussian random measurement matrix, proving that block size is larger, the optimal coherent block update number in the appropriate scope is less, the better convergence and the reconstruction error signal critical thinning ratio is larger.

zh-cn	最后，利用某型预警雷达多批次回波信号进行重构仿真，
en-us	Finally, the use of a certain type of refactoring batches early warning radar echo signal simulation,

zh-cn	验证了本文算法比目前其他块稀疏重构算法具有更高的重构成功率、更优的误差稳定性和更好的应用价值。
en-us	this algorithm is verified better than the other piece of sparse to refactor algorithm has a higher success rate, better stability and better application value error.

zh-cn	针对单站单脉冲的被动测距问题，提出了一种基于等长基线相位干涉仪的单脉冲定位方法。
en-us	For single station single pulse of passive ranging problem, this paper proposes a single pulse localization method based on the length of baseline phase interferometer.

zh-cn	该方法采用至少3个天线构成等长基线干涉仪对，
en-us	The method applied by at least three antenna length of baseline interferometer,

zh-cn	利用等长基线干涉仪接收到辐射源信号球面波的波前相位2π模糊数相同的原理，
en-us	with the length of baseline interferometer receives the spherical wave source signal of wavefront phase 2 PI fuzzy number is the same principle,

zh-cn	通过等长基线相位差的差值和来波方向，确定信号源与观测站之间的距离。
en-us	through the long baseline phase difference and wave direction, determine the signal source and the distance between the stations.

zh-cn	在对该算法的基本原理和无模糊定位条件描述的基础上，分析了定位性能，
en-us	On the basic principle of the algorithm and the fuzzy positioning conditions described on the basis of the positioning performance is analyzed,

zh-cn	并通过计算机仿真验证了该算法的有效性。
en-us	and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by computer simulation.

zh-cn	针对退化模型中存在模型一致性检验不充分问题，
en-us	For insufficient degradation model existed in model consistency check problem,

zh-cn	借鉴数理统计知识和灰色系统理论，
en-us	draw lessons from the knowledge of mathematical statistics and gray system theory,

zh-cn	提出一种基于空间相似性和波动阈值的退化模型一致性检验方法。
en-us	put forward a degradation model based on spatial similarity and fluctuation threshold consistency check method.

zh-cn	首先，考虑基于正态总体的波动阈值一致性检验，
en-us	First, consider based on normal population fluctuation threshold consistency check,

zh-cn	确定退化模型和验证试验结论具有动态一致性，
en-us	determine the degradation model and the experiment results are dynamic consistency,

zh-cn	即退化模型结论在容许的波动阈值内;
en-us	namely degradation model conclusion within the allowable fluctuation threshold;

zh-cn	然后，考虑基于灰色关联的空间形状相似性一致性检验，确定退化模型曲线之间的相似度;
en-us	Then, consider the space shape similarity based on grey relation consistency check, determine the similarity between degradation model curve;

zh-cn	最后，根据退化模型同时满足基于正态总体的波动阈值一致性检验和基于灰色关联的空间形状相似性一致性检验，认为退化模型通过一致性检验;
en-us	Finally, according to the regression models at the same time satisfy the consistency check based on normal population fluctuation threshold and space shape similarity based on grey relation consistency check, think degradation model through the consistency check;

zh-cn	反之，认为不通过一致性检验。
en-us	On the other hand, don't think through the consistency check.

zh-cn	通过实例建模和试验数据对比，验证了所提方法的有效性。
en-us	By modeling and experiment data comparison, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

zh-cn	可匹配滤波混沌雷达系统可由低成本的模拟器件实现匹配滤波，受到广泛关注。
en-us	Can be matched filtering chaos radar system can be made of low cost of simulator to realize matched filtering, attracted much attention.

zh-cn	但是该系统发射信号的带限性能不理想，信号在变换和传播过程中容易发生频谱泄露和畸变。
en-us	But the system transmitting band-limited performance is not ideal, signal is likely to occur in the process of transformation and spread spectrum leakage and distortion.

zh-cn	针对该问题，提出一种基于混沌同步和滤波的波形设计方法。
en-us	Aiming at the problem, put forward a kind of waveform design method based on chaotic synchronization and filtering.

zh-cn	该方法在雷达发射端，将混沌信号频谱整形为带限信号;
en-us	This method in radar transmitter, the chaotic signal spectrum shaping for band-limited signals;

zh-cn	在接收端，利用同步和滤波恢复出混沌信号。
en-us	At the receiving end, the use of synchronization and filtering out of the chaotic signal recovery.

zh-cn	与传统在数字域上进行信号设计的方法相比，本文方法是在模拟域上实现的，具有低成本优势。
en-us	With the traditional signal in the digital domain design method, compared with the method are implemented in the simulation domain, a low cost advantage.

zh-cn	此外，在信噪比低至-20dB时本文方法仍然有效，
en-us	In addition, in low signal-to-noise ratio to 20 db - when the method is still effective,

zh-cn	与直接匹配滤波相比，本文方法变换后的混沌信号匹配滤波后，最大旁瓣抬升很小。
en-us	compared with the matched filtering directly, the method after the transformation of chaotic signal after the matched filtering, side lobe largest lift is very small.

zh-cn	运动目标检测是智能车辆动态环境感知中的关键问题。
en-us	Moving target detection is a key problem of intelligent vehicle dynamic environment perception.

zh-cn	栅格地图是一种实用的环境感知方法。
en-us	Grid map is a kind of practical method of environment perception.

zh-cn	以激光雷达作为传感器，针对基于贝叶斯框架和证据理论的4种栅格地图更新算法，分别提出了不同的运动目标检测方法，
en-us	In laser radar sensor, based on the theory of bayesian evidence framework and four grid map updating algorithm, different motion target detection method is proposed, respectively,

zh-cn	并通过仿真和实验对4种方法在栅格地图构建和运动目标检测中的性能进行了对比研究。
en-us	and through the simulation and experiment of four kinds of methods in grid map is built and moving target detection performance are compared in the study.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，通过对比当前时刻局部栅格地图和上一个时刻的全局栅格地图，原始的贝叶斯推理算法和证据理论框架中的经典Dempster组合规则能够清楚完整地检测到运动目标，
en-us	The experimental results show that, by comparing the current moment on the local grid map, and a moment of global grid map, the original bayesian inference algorithm and classical Dempster combination rule of evidence theory framework can complete to detect moving targets,

zh-cn	并能滤除静态障碍物和空白区域中的测量噪声，
en-us	and can filter out the static obstacles and measuring noise in a blank area,

zh-cn	性能优于修正的贝叶斯推理算法和冲突信息按比例重分配规则。
en-us	performance is superior to the correction of bayesian inference algorithm and conflict information redistribution rule in proportion.

zh-cn	为减少协作通信系统资源消耗，提出了一种基于混合译码放大前传（hybrid decode-amplify-and-forward，HDAF）的中继选择算法。
en-us	To reduce the collaboration communication system resource consumption, is proposed based on a hybrid decoding amplification prequel (hybrid decode - amplify - and - forward, HDAF) relay selection algorithm.

zh-cn	该算法以降低系统的中断概率和最小化总功率为目标，
en-us	The algorithm to reduce the interrupt probability of system and minimize the total power as the goal,

zh-cn	采用等效信道增益参数排序的方法，得到了最优中继集合的选择算法。
en-us	adopt the method of sorting the equivalent channel gain parameters, obtained the optimal relay selection algorithm of collection.

zh-cn	该算法既保证通信过程更可靠，不易中断，又减少多余中继节点的使用，节省资源。
en-us	The algorithm not only ensure communication process more reliable and not easy to break, and reduce the use of redundant relay nodes, save resources.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，采用最优中继集合选择算法，在10
en-us	The simulation results show that the optimal relay selection algorithm, in 10

zh-cn	针对当前异构网络中，采用多决策属性的垂直切换算法难以动态调整网络属性的权重值，从而无法满足用户服务质量（QoS）的需求问题，
en-us	In current heterogeneous network, the multi-decision attribute vertical handover algorithm is difficult to dynamically adjust the weight value of the network attributes, and thus cannot meet the user's Quality of Service(QoS) requirements.

zh-cn	文章以接入最优的异构无线网络和保障用户QoS为目标，提出基于模糊层次—熵权法的自适应垂直切换算法。
en-us	To solve this issue, this paper aims at accessing the optimal heterogeneous wireless network and guaranteeing the user's QoS, and proposes an adaptive vertical handover algorithm based on the fuzzy hierarchy-entropy weight method.

zh-cn	首先，根据用户对网络属性的不同要求，采用主观模糊层次赋权与客观熵权法结合的方式构建网络属性优化模型，
en-us	First, according to user experience, a model of network attribute optimization is constructed by combining subjective fuzzy hierarchical weighting and objective entropy weights.

zh-cn	之后根据用户体验采用自适应机制来动态地调整各网络属性权重值，
en-us	Then, an adaptive mechanism is used to dynamically adjust the weight value of each network attribute according to user experience.

zh-cn	最后利用成本函数对异构网络的状态进行切换预测，从而选择接入最优的无线网络。
en-us	Finally, the cost function is used to predict the state of the heterogeneous network to select the optimal wireless network.

zh-cn	仿真实验表明，所提算法能有效降低网络切换率，能更好地保证异构无线网络之间的负载均衡，增加了移动终端的续航时间。
en-us	Simulation experiments verify that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the network switching rate, better ensuring the load balancing between heterogeneous wireless networks, and increase the endurance of mobile terminals.

zh-cn	为了提高海上大型无人机无线通信能力，在总结分析国内外机载无线激光通信的技术发展现状、已开展实验情况和技术趋势的基础上，
en-us	In order to improve the wireless communication capability of large-scale marine unmanned aerial vehicle, the domestic and international development status of airborne wireless laser communication technology and the experimental situation and trend are summarized and analyzed.

zh-cn	对应用场景进行了规划和设想，对海上大型无人机大气激光通信的性能指标、关键技术、面临的机遇和挑战进行了分析，
en-us	The application scenarios of the wireless laser communication of large-scale marine unmanned aerial vehicles are planned and conceived and the performance indicators, key technologies and opportunities and challenges of wireless laser communication for large-scale marine unmanned aerial vehicle are analyzed.

zh-cn	为无线激光通信在我国海上大型无人机无线激光通信的应用及发展提供了借鉴和参考。
en-us	It provides a reference for the application and development of wireless laser communication for large-scale marine unmanned aerial vehicle in China.

zh-cn	可见光通信（VLC）作为射频通信的有效补充技术，可提供高速率、超低时延、绿色环保、低成本和安全可靠的通信服务。
en-us	As a beneficial supplement to radio frequency communication, Visible Light Communication(VLC) can provide high-speed, ultra-low delay, green, low-cost, safe and reliable communication services.

zh-cn	但覆盖范围受限和链路遮挡已成为VLC系统可靠通信的瓶颈。
en-us	However, limited coverage range has become the bottleneck of long distance and reliable communication in VLC system.

zh-cn	针对上述问题，在VLC中采用中继技术是一种有效方法。
en-us	Since the coverage range of VLC is limited, an effective method is proposed to use relay technology in VLC system.

zh-cn	文章从中继技术的功能特性出发，分析中继协作的VLC系统模型，
en-us	The paper starts from the functional characteristics of relay technology, and analyzes the relay system model.

zh-cn	对中继协作的VLC系统的应用场景、组网方式、转发策略、调制方式、工作模式和多址接入等关键技术进行综述，
en-us	Then we give a review on several key technologies of relay-assisted VLC, including the application scenario, network mode, transfer agreement, modulation mode, working mode and non-orthogonal multiple access.

zh-cn	并对采用相应关键技术中继协作的VLC系统的可靠性、安全性和能效性进行分析，
en-us	The reliable performance, safety and energy efficiency with the corresponding key technologies are analyzed.

zh-cn	最后提出采用非正交多址、多输入多输出和全双工模式的多中继协作的VLC异构网络是未来通信网络的研究重点和方向。
en-us	Finally, we point out a research emphasis and direction in VLC by adopting the heterogeneous network, non-orthogonal multiple access, multi-input and multi-output, full-duplex mode multiple and relays collaboration for the next generation communication network.

zh-cn	第四代移动通信技术（4G）的长期演进技术（LTE）受国内1 785～1 805 MHz专网频段制约，
en-us	The 4 th Generation Mobile Communication Technology(4 G) Long Term Evolution(LTE) is restricted by the frequency band of 1 785 ～ 1 805 MHz private network in China.

zh-cn	轨道交通对于双网冗余配置和专门业务必须保证稳定的最低带宽要求，这使得LTE-Metro（LTE-M）综合承载系统的服务能力受到很大限制。
en-us	Rail transit must ensure stable minimum bandwidth requirements for dual network redundancy configuration and special services, which greatly limits the service capacity of LTE-M integrated bearing system.

zh-cn	针对上述问题，文章提出了对4G基站、核心网和车载终端适配器单元（TAU）进行升级，加入第五代移动通信技术（5G）公网非独立（NSA）基站的方案，
en-us	In view of the above problems, we propose to upgrade the 4 G base station, core network and vehicle mounted Terminal Adapter Unit(TAU). and add the 5 th Generation Mobile Communication Technology(5 G) public network Non-Standalone(NSA) base station.

zh-cn	利用4G专网作为列车自动运行通信控制（CBTC）系统业务的主网络，5G网络作为承载CBTC系统的辅网络，
en-us	Therefore, 4 G private network can be used as the main network of Communication Based Train Control(CBTC) system service, and 5 G network is used as the auxiliary network to carry CBTC system.

zh-cn	5G基站承载轨道交通专网的大带宽业务，
en-us	The 5 G base station can also be used to carry large bandwidth service of rail transit private network.

zh-cn	实现了4G专网与5G公网融合以承载通信系统的大带宽需求。
en-us	Our propose solution realizes the integration of 4 G private network and 5 G public network to carry the large bandwidth requirements of the communication system.

zh-cn	混沌作为一种非周期、类随机以及初值敏感的非线性动力学现象，是保密通信重要的传输载体。
en-us	As a kind of non-periodic, random-like, and initial sensitive nonlinear dynamic phenomenon, chaos is an important transmission carrier for secure communication.

zh-cn	针对传统的混沌同步方式结构复杂和实现难度大的问题，文章提出通过现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）实现神经网络的方法来对混沌进行同步。
en-us	Aiming at the problem of complex structure and difficult realization of the traditional chaos synchronization method, this paper proposes a neural network method based on Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) to synchronize chaos.

zh-cn	在发射端使用FPGA，根据洛伦兹状态方程生成混沌信号，并对传输信号进行实时加密，
en-us	At the transmitter side, FPGA is used to generate a chaotic signal according to the Lorenz state equation, and the transmission signal is encrypted in real-time mode.

zh-cn	利用神经网络对混沌发射系统进行精确的数学建模，在接收端通过训练好的神经网络模型对信号进行解密，并将神经网络模型在FPGA上验证通过，
en-us	The neural network is used to model the chaotic transmitter precisely, and the signal is decrypted by the trained neural network at the receiver side, which is verified on FPGA.

zh-cn	最终成功实现了对10 Mbit/s信号的实时加密和解密。
en-us	Finally, the real-time encryption and decryption of a 10 Mbit/s signal are realized successfully.

zh-cn	该方法极大简化了混沌保密通信系统的同步结构，为点对多点的实时混沌保密通信提供了可能。
en-us	This method greatly simplifies the synchronization structure of a chaotic secure communication system and makes it possible for point to multipoint real-time chaotic communication.

zh-cn	针对传统混沌激光雷达系统结构复杂和成本高的问题，文章提出了采用现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）和任意波形发生器（AWG）两种发射方案，基于改进的Logistic映射公式实时动态生成数字混沌信号。
en-us	In view of the complex structure and high cost of traditional chaotic lidar systems, this paper proposes two transmission schemes using Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) and Arbitrary Waveform Generator(AWG), based on the improved Logistic mapping formula to dynamically generate digital chaotic signals in real time.

zh-cn	将在电上生成的数字信号调制到直调激光器上生成光域的混沌信号，
en-us	The digital signal generated on the electrical domain is modulated to a direct-modulated laser to generate a chaotic signal in the optical domain.

zh-cn	混沌光信号作为激光雷达发射信号，
en-us	Then the chaotic optical signal is used as a lidar transmission signal.

zh-cn	进而配合光学收发系统搭建成套的激光雷达探测系统，
en-us	Therefore, a complete lidar detection system is built on the optical transceiver system.

zh-cn	对一个反射率为50%的待测物进行距离测量，无需复杂的光学结构即可实现厘米级别的准确测距。
en-us	To measure the distance of an object with a reflectivity of 50%, accurate distance measurement at the centimeter level can be achieved without complicated optical structures.

zh-cn	通过实验比较连续和二值化处理后的混沌信号测距效果，
en-us	We conduct experiments to compare the ranging effects of continuous and binarized chaotic signals.

zh-cn	发现二值化混沌信号的测距准确度比连续混沌高一倍以上，
en-us	It is found that the ranging accuracy of binarized chaotic signals is at least doubled than that of continuous chaotic signals.

zh-cn	对于不同频率下的方波、正弦波和混沌干扰信号具有更强的抗干扰能力，展现出更大的应用优势。
en-us	For square wave, sine wave and chaotic interference signals at different frequencies, it has stronger anti-interference ability and shows greater application advantages.

zh-cn	针对传统弹性光网络采用专用路径1+1保护策略存在资源浪费的问题，
en-us	There is a problem of waste of resources in the dedicated path 1+1 protection strategy in the traditional optical network.

zh-cn	文章提出了一种共享链路保护策略。
en-us	In this paper, a priority shared link protection strategy is proposed.

zh-cn	在检测到链路故障后，柔性光转发器切换至共享保护链路，
en-us	After detecting the link failure, the flexible optical transponder switches to the shared protection link,

zh-cn	并根据业务的优先级和请求频率重排业务权重，
en-us	and rearranges the service weight according to the priority of the service and the requested frequency,

zh-cn	依据业务权重提供差异化的路由和频谱分配。
en-us	and provides differentiated spectrum slot allocation according to the service weight.

zh-cn	此外，文章提出一种以物理网络拓扑结构、业务需求集合和优质业务量占比为约束条件，以最小化频谱隙利用率为目标，具有业务区分的路由和频谱分配方法。
en-us	In addition, this paper proposes an optimal routing and spectrum allocation method that considering the physical network topology, the set of service requirements, and the proportion of high-quality services as constraints, and considering the minimization of the utilization of spectrum slots as the goal.

zh-cn	理论分析和仿真结果表明，与传统的1+1保护方法相比，所提保护策略在降低网络拥塞率的同时，可以最多节省38%的频谱资源，能够最大限度地实现备份频谱资源的共享。
en-us	The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that compared with the traditional 1+1 protection method, the proposed protection strategy can save up to 38% of the spectrum resources while reducing the network congestion rate, and maximizing the sharing of backup spectrum resources.

zh-cn	针对边缘计算与内容分发网络（CDN）边缘节点如何实现资源协同的问题，文章提出了CDN缓存软件适配虚拟机和容器的技术与方法。
en-us	Aiming at the problem of how edge computing and Content Delivery Network(CDN)edge nodes implementing the resource coordination, the technology and method of CDN cache software adapting to virtual machines and containers are proposed.

zh-cn	通过对比分析物理机、容器和虚拟机3种部署模式下CDN的性能测试数据，评估了CDN虚拟化带来的性能损耗。
en-us	By comparing and analyzing the performance test data of CDN in three deployment modes of physical machine, container and virtual machine, the performance loss caused by CDN virtualization is evaluated.

zh-cn	容器模式性能损耗较小，其性能与物理机相当;
en-us	The performance loss of the container mode is small, and its performance is comparable to the physical machine.

zh-cn	而虚拟机模式性能损耗较大，其性能相当于物理机的75%左右。
en-us	The performance loss of the virtual machine mode is large, and its performance is equivalent to about 75% of the physical machine.

zh-cn	在性能标称值下，虚拟化后的CDN边缘节点可以释放中央处理器、内存和磁盘大部分资源，与边缘计算实现资源共享。
en-us	According to the nominal value of performance, the virtualized CDN edge node can release most of the central processing unit, memory and disk resources, and achieve resource sharing with edge computing.

zh-cn	针对输电线路等场景的超长距离监测应用问题，文章在分布式光纤相位敏感光时域反射仪的基础上，采用拉曼放大和外差检测的方式，设计了一种光电信号分段探测和采集的光纤传感系统。
en-us	Aiming at the application of ultra-long-distance monitoring in scenarios such as power transmission lines, this article uses Raman amplification and heterodyne detection based on a distributed optical fiber phase sensitive Optical Time Domain Reflectometer(OTDR) to design a photoelectric signal segmented detection collected optical fiber sensing system.

zh-cn	该系统依据光纤长度将光纤分为两段进行信号采集和处理，针对不同强度信号适配相应的信号处理和采集参数，解决了超长距离监测系统的动态范围不足和信噪比差的问题。
en-us	According to the length of the optical fiber, the optical fiber is divided into two sections for signal processing and acquisition, and the corresponding signal processing and acquisition parameters are adapted to different strength signals to solve the problems of insufficient dynamic range and poor signal-to-noise ratio of the ultra-long-distance monitoring system.

zh-cn	经试验和分析，最终实现了超过124 km的单端超长距离分布式光纤监测系统，
en-us	After testing and analysis, a single-end ultra-long-distance distributed optical fiber monitoring system with a distance of more than 124 km is realized.

zh-cn	系统末端信噪比>10. 5 dB。
en-us	The signal-to-noise ratio at the end of the system is larger than 10. 5 dB.

zh-cn	18 km（78. 68 dB）单载波400 Gbit/s无中继单纤芯超长距离传输。
en-us	18 km with 78. 68 dB span loss using single fiber for the first time.

zh-cn	针对传统阶梯型高阶螺旋相位板在光纤端面上制作难度大和使用过程中容易损坏的问题，文章提出了一种在光纤端面上制作平面型螺旋相位板的设计方案。
en-us	Traditional high-order stepped spiral phase plate that is difficult to fabricate on the fiber end face and easy to damage during the application. In order to solve these issues, a design scheme of flat spiral phase plate fabricated on the fiber end face is proposed.

zh-cn	这种相位板在不同方位角上高度相同，通过控制不同方位角处的折射率可获得不同的拓扑荷数。
en-us	This kind of phase plate has the same height at different azimuth angles, and different topological charges are obtained by controlling the refractive index at different azimuth angles.

zh-cn	文章使用菲涅尔衍射理论对该方案产生的涡旋电场分布及光强分布进行了详细的理论分析，
en-us	The Fresnel diffraction theory is used to conduct a detailed theoretical analysis of the vortex electric field distribution and light intensity distribution generated by this scheme.

zh-cn	同时采用时域有限差分方法对基模高斯光束通过具有不同拓扑荷数的平面型螺旋相位板后在光纤中的传播过程进行了仿真验证。
en-us	The finite difference time domain method is used to simulate the propagation process of the fundamental mode Gaussian beam in the fiber after passing through the flat spiral phase plate with different topological charge.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该种光纤端面平面型相位板对于高阶和低阶模式都能产生高质量的涡旋光束，
en-us	The results show that this kind of flat phase plate on fiber end face can generate high-quality vortex beams for both high-order and low-order modes,

zh-cn	有效克服了传统阶梯型螺旋相位板存在的不足。
en-us	which effectively overcomes the shortcomings of traditional stepped spiral phase plate.

zh-cn	针对相干光纤通信系统中匹配滤波（如根升余弦滤波器）对系统的影响，文章在不同光学带宽、残余色散以及非线性情况下，对不同滚降因子Rf的系统特性进行了研究。
en-us	Aiming at the influence of matched filter(e. g. root raised cosine filter) on the coherent optical fiber communication system, the effect of roll-off factor(Rf) are studied under different value of optical bandwidth, residual dispersion and nonlinearity.

zh-cn	文章分别仿真研究了256 Gbit/s偏振复用16阶正交幅度调制（PDM-16QAM）信号在光学带宽为33、50及100 GHz时的传输特性、残余色散在-300～300 ps/nm区间内的特性和注入功率为-3～4 dBm情况下传输1 200 km光纤链路的特性。
en-us	Simulations are carried out for 256 Gbit/s Polarization Division Multiplexing-16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(PDM-16 QAM) signals when the optical bandwidth are 33, 50 and 100 GHz, the residual dispersion ranging from-300 to 300 ps/nm and launched power ranging from-3 to 4 dBm in a 1 200 km optical fiber link.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，对于光学带宽受限的系统，Rf选取（1+Rf）B（B为信号波特率）与系统光学带宽相近的值为宜;
en-us	The simulations show that a good transmission performance can be achieved for limited optical bandwidth system when Rf is set to the value of(1+Rf) B(B is the Baud rate of the signal) that similar to the system optical bandwidth.

zh-cn	对于光学带宽接近两倍波特率的系统，滚降因子Rf选取0. 2～0. 5为宜。
en-us	When optical bandwidth near or exceed 2 times Baud rate of signals, Rf should be set between 0. 2 and 0. 5 to achieve a better transmission performance.

zh-cn	针对纤芯包层复合结构光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）制备难度较大的问题，
en-us	It is difficult to prepare Fiber Bragg Grating(FBG) with integrated structure of core-and-cladding.

zh-cn	文章首先分析了复合结构FBG的结构特征，
en-us	This paper first analyzes the structure characteristics of FBG with integrated structure.

zh-cn	然后从光纤耦合模理论出发，利用Rsoft结合Matlab软件分别模拟了单独存在的纤芯、包层光栅以及复合结构光栅的反射光谱，
en-us	Based on the optical fiber coupled-mode theory, Rsoft and Matlab are used to simulate the reflection spectra of fiber cores, cladding gratings and integrated gratings respectively.

zh-cn	并且通过改变光栅周期、栅区长度以及调制深度，对复合结构FBG的反射光谱特性进行了仿真分析。
en-us	The reflection spectrum characteristics of FBG with integrated structure are analyzed in the simulation with different grating period, grating length and modulation depth.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，光栅周期为541 nm并固定其他参数时，单独的纤芯与包层光栅中心反射波长分别为1 563. 4和1 558. 0 nm，
en-us	The simulation results show that when the grating period is 541 nm and other parameters are fixed, the central reflection wavelength of the separate fiber core and cladding grating is 1 563. 4 and 1 558. 0 nm respectively,

zh-cn	复合结构光栅获得了具有相同中心波长的双峰反射光谱;
en-us	and the integrated grating can obtain the bimodal reflection spectrum with the same central wavelength.

zh-cn	复合结构光栅的光栅周期、光栅长度和调制深度会对反射谱的中心波长、强度与半高宽度造成规律性的影响。
en-us	The grating period, grating length and modulation depth of the integrated grating have regular effects on the central wavelength, intensity and half high width of the reflection spectrum.

zh-cn	研究结果可以给光栅刻写与应用提供参考与理论支撑。
en-us	The results can provide reference and theoretical support for grating writing and application.

zh-cn	如今数据中心的业务流量需求急剧上升，很多服务商早已开始着手400 Gbit/s以太网通信系统的建设。
en-us	With the demand of data center traffic soaring, many service providers are already working on 400 Gbit/s Ethernet communication systems.

zh-cn	相比于100 Gbit/s光模块，400 Gbit/s光模块可提供更高的传输带宽以及更低的功耗和成本。
en-us	Compared with the 100 Gbit/s optical module, the 400 Gbit/s optical module can provide higher transmission bandwidth with lower power consumption and cost.

zh-cn	针对上述需求，文章提出了一种应用于数据中心光通信网络系统的400 Gbit/s光收发模块设计方案。
en-us	Aiming at the above requirements, this paper proposes a design scheme of 400 Gbit/s optical transceiver module for data center optical communication network system.

zh-cn	首先介绍了400 Gbit/s光模块的相关协议及标准，
en-us	We first introduce the 400 Gbit/s optical module related protocols and standards.

zh-cn	然后给出了模块的总体设计框架，主要从速率转换、发射、接收和监控4部分进行了阐述，
en-us	Then we present the general design of the module framework, mainly from the rate of conversion, launch, receive and monitoring 4 parts.

zh-cn	最后对该模块进行了测试。测试结果表明，该模块符合各项协议与标准的规定，是一种能实现数据中心400 Gbit/s以太网传输的良好解决方案。
en-us	Finally, we conduct a performance test and the test results show that the module in accordance with the agreement and the provisions of the standard, which is a good solution to realize data center 400 Gbit/s Ethernet transmission.

zh-cn	为解决光模块中各组件之间使用金丝互连线或柔性电路板互连产生的信号完整性问题，通过三维电磁仿真软件HFSS对金丝互连线和柔性电路板的电磁特性进行分析，并设计了相应的补偿结构。
en-us	In order to solve the signal integrity problem caused by gold bonding wire or flexible printed circuit interconnection between components in optical module, the electromagnetic characteristics of gold bonding wire and flexible printed circuit are analyzed by three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software HFSS, and the corresponding compensation structure is designed.

zh-cn	电磁仿真结果表明，具有补偿结构的金丝互连线的回波损耗（在0～20 GHz频率范围内）增加了约18 dB，插入损耗减小了0. 10～0. 25 dB;
en-us	The electromagnetic simulation results show that the return loss(within 0～20 GHz frequency range) of gold bonding wire interconnects with compensation structure is increased by about 18 dB, and the insertion loss is reduced by 0. 10～0. 25 dB.

zh-cn	具有补偿结构的柔性电路板回波损耗（在0～20 GHz频率范围内）增加了约17 dB，插入损耗减小了0. 10 dB。
en-us	The return loss(within 0～20 GHz frequency range) of the flexible printed circuit with compensation structure is increased by about 17 dB, and the insertion loss is reduced by 0. 10 dB.

zh-cn	测试结果表明，使用补偿结构的光模块具有良好的传输性能，该补偿结构可以有效地应用于光模块中互连结构的设计。
en-us	The test results show that the optical module with compensation structure has good transmission performance, and the compensation structure can be effectively applied to the design of interconnection structure in optical module.

zh-cn	近几十年来，在信息通信技术(ICT)快速进步的推动下，信息化对社会运行和人类生活方方面面的影响正在日益深化。
en-us	In recent decades, with the rapid progress of Information and Communications Technology(ICT), the impact of informatization on the social operation and human life is deepening.

zh-cn	文章基于数字化、网络化和智能化的发展水平，对信息化发展历程进行了回顾，
en-us	Based on the level of digitalization, networking and intelligentization, we review the history of informatization,

zh-cn	并提出数字孪生阶段之后将是数字智驱和数字超越阶段。
en-us	and propose that the development stage after digital twin will be digital intelligence and digital transcendence.

zh-cn	随着信息化上升为未来网络演进的最主要驱动力，文章提出了网算协同、接入协同、光电协同和智能化4个网络演进特征，
en-us	As informatization is becoming the key driving force of network evolution in the future, we put forward 4 characteristics for the future network, namely network-computing collaboration, access collaboration, photo-electric cooperation and network intelligentization,

zh-cn	并强调了光通信在其中的关键作用和挑战。
en-us	and emphasize the key role and challenge of optical communication.

zh-cn	边缘智能是人工智能(AI)技术与边缘计算的结合，能满足行业数字化在实时业务、数据优化和应用智能等方面的关键需求。
en-us	Edge intelligence is the combination of Artificial Intelligence(AI) and edge computing, which can meet the key requirements of digital industry in real-time business, data optimization and intelligence application etc.

zh-cn	文章开创性地提出了边缘智能2. 0的概念，以此为基础设计并搭建了基于开源框架的工业互联网平台，
en-us	In this article, we propose the concept of edge intelligence 2. 0, and an industrial internet platform based on open source framework is designed and built.

zh-cn	并引入了云网融合、云边协同与边边协作的理念，达到云、网、边、端4位一体的协同。
en-us	Combining with the concept of cloud-network integration, cloud-edge collaboration and edge-edge collaboration, we achieve four in one collaboration of cloud, network, edge and terminal equipment.

zh-cn	将边缘智能应用到表面贴装技术(SMT)生产线，通过数据建模与分析和优化制程参数，
en-us	Finally, the edge intelligence technology is applied to Surface Mounted Technology(SMT) production line, through data modeling, analysis and optimizing technological parameters.

zh-cn	以实现制造企业的降本减存与提质增效。
en-us	Therefore, the manufacturing enterprises can reduce the costs and inventory with improved quality and efficiency.

zh-cn	针对在湍流信道下空间脉冲位置调制（SPPM）系统误码性能较差的问题，文章将空时分组码与空间调制技术结合，提出了基于比特补码正交空时分组码的空间脉冲位置调制（BCOSTBC-SPPM），利用空时编码增加信息冗余度以改善系统误码性能。
en-us	The system performance of Spatial Pulse Position Modulation(SPPM) is poor in turbulent channels. In order to solve this problem, the bit complement orthogonal space time Block Coding for Spatial Pulse Position Modulation(BCOSTBC-SPPM) is proposed by combining space-time block codes with spatial modulation technology to improve the bit error rate performance using the space-time coding information redundancy.

zh-cn	同时基于最大似然（ML）检测推导了系统的理论误比特率上界，并通过蒙特卡洛仿真对理论上界进行了验证。
en-us	Based on Maximum Likelihood(ML) detection, the bit error rate expression of the proposed modulation is derived and is verified by Monte Carlo simulation.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，BCOSTBC-SPPM的误码性能相比SPPM有较大提升。
en-us	The simulation results show that compared with SPPM, the error performance of BCOSTBC-SPPM is greatly improved.

zh-cn	在弱湍流信道下，当系统误比特率为10-4时，（4，2，4）-BCOSTBC-SPPM相比（4，1，4）-SPPM信噪比改善约10 dB。
en-us	At the bit error rate of 10-4, (4, 2, 4)-BCOSTBC-SPPM improves the signal-noise ratio by about 10 dB when comparing with(4, 1, 4)-SPPM under weak turbulence.

zh-cn	该方式相较于传统正交空时编码方案在频谱效率方面有一定提升，
en-us	Compared with the traditional orthogonal space-time coding scheme, this method has a certain improvement in spectrum efficiency,

zh-cn	实现了系统有效性和可靠性的合理权衡。
en-us	and realizes a reasonable trade-off between system effectiveness and reliability.

zh-cn	为了降低带宽阻塞率，节约频谱资源，在动态业务到达的弹性光网络(EONs)场景下，不同业务请求的路径状况可能不同，
en-us	In order to reduce the bandwidth blocking rate and the consumption of spectrum resources in dynamic networks, the path conditions of different service requests may be different.

zh-cn	因此不能确定单路径专有保护与带宽分割多路径专有保护的优劣。
en-us	Therefore, it is impossible to determine the advantages and disadvantages of single-path dedicated protection and partitioning dedicated path protection.

zh-cn	文章结合单路径专有保护和带宽分割多路径专有保护提出了一种混合路径专有保护(HDPP)算法。
en-us	In this paper, a Hybrid Dedicated Path Protection(HDPP) routing spectrum allocation strategy is proposed by combining single-path dedicated protection and partitioning dedicated path protection.

zh-cn	该算法利用路径的单位频谱效率和路径跳数计算了k条链路不相关候选路径，
en-us	This strategy considers the distance adaptive modulation and the number of path hops pre-calculated k link disjoint candidate paths.

zh-cn	并提出了一种考虑单位频隙最高频谱效率和路径跳数以及路径上最大可用频谱信息的多路径频谱分配(MPSA)算法，
en-us	We also propose a Multiple Path Spectrum Assignment(MPSA) strategy that considers the highest spectrum efficiency per unit frequency slot with the number of path hops and the maximum available spectrum information on the path.

zh-cn	最后，HDPP算法在多种生存性方案中选择出最佳方案。
en-us	HDPP selects the best scheme among multiple survivability routing spectrum allocation schemes.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，与对比算法相比，所提算法在阻塞率和频谱利用率方面都有较好的性能表现。
en-us	The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance in terms of blocking rate and spectrum utilization compared with other algorithms.

zh-cn	由于海水的散射特性，光在水下传输时会产生码间串扰(ISI)问题，传输环境较差时尤为严重。
en-us	Due to seawater scattering characteristics, Inter-Symbol Interference(ISI) will occur in underwater transmission, especially in poor transmission environment.

zh-cn	为解决该问题，文章将预均衡技术应用于基于直流偏置光正交频分复用(DCO-OFDM)调制的水下光通信系统中，并针对水下光的传输特性提出了一种基于先验信息的预均衡方法。
en-us	In order to solve this problem, pre-equalization technology is applied to underwater optical communication system based on Direct Current Offset Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(DCO-OFDM) modulation, and a pre-equalization method based on prior information is proposed.

zh-cn	在浑浊海港海水环境下与传统均衡算法进行了性能对比。
en-us	The performance of Turbid Harbor seawater channel is compared with that of traditional equalization algorithm.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，在信噪比(SNR)较差的情况下，采用所提方法能够有效降低水下光通信系统的ISI，降低了误码可能性，提高了信道估计的可靠性。
en-us	The simulation results show that the ISI in underwater optical communication system can be effectively reduced, as well as the Bit Error Rate(BER). The reliability of channel estimation can be improved under the condition of poor Signal Noise Ratio(SNR).

zh-cn	相比于最小二乘(LS)后均衡算法，误码率能下降约3. 56 dB，相比于LS预均衡算法，误码率能下降约3. 00 dB，相较于最小均方误差(MMSE)和最小均方(LMS)后均衡算法，误码率下降约1. 85 dB。
en-us	Compared with the Least Squares(LS) post-equalization, LS pre-equalization and Mini-mental State Examination(MMSE) algorithms, the BER can be reduced by ～3. 56, ～3. 00 and ～1. 85 dB, respectively.

zh-cn	针对以太网数据对多模光纤传输性能要求不断提高的问题，文章从材料组成和剖面结构设计的角度，提出了改善宽带弯曲不敏感多模光纤性能的措施。
en-us	In order to further improve the multimode fiber transmission performance in the Ethernet, the paper proposes to improve the performance of wide-band bending insensitive multimode fiber considering the material composition and profile structure design.

zh-cn	一方面通过优化纤芯掺杂元素的浓度分布，降低最佳剖面折射率分布参数αopt与波长之间的敏感性，
en-us	By optimizing the concentration distribution of the doped elements in the core, the sensitivity between the parameter of optimal profile refractive index distribution αopt and the wavelength is reduced,

zh-cn	提高多模光纤的带宽特性;
en-us	and the fiber bandwidth characteristics is improved.

zh-cn	另一方面在芯—包界面处采用连续可调节剖面结构（内包层），
en-us	In addition, the new design contains an inner cladding which can adjust the profile structure continuously at the interface of core and cladding.

zh-cn	该结构不仅可以减小芯层和凹陷包层粘度差对光纤性能的影响，
en-us	The continuous adjustable structure can reduce the influence of viscosity difference between the core layer and the trench on the fiber performance.

zh-cn	而且还可以通过界面结构的调节，非常有效地改变高阶模的时延，消除凹陷对光纤带宽性能的影响。
en-us	It can also alter the delay of higher-order modes very effectively to eliminate the impact of trench structure on fiber bandwidth characteristics, by adjusting inner cladding profile.

zh-cn	测试结果表明，该新结构光纤不仅具有较宽的带宽特性，还具有较低的弯曲损耗。
en-us	The results show that the fiber with the new structure has not only higher bandwidth characteristics, but also lower bending loss.

zh-cn	针对传统位移传感器测量精度低、量程小和稳定性不足的问题，文章提出并实现了一种基于变栅距光栅的位移传感器，
en-us	Due to the low measurement precision, small measurement range and low stability of traditional displacement sensors, this paper propose and implement a displacement sensor based on varied line-space grating,

zh-cn	进行位移特性测试并重点分析了测量过程中的误差问题。
en-us	with the displacement characteristic test and the error problems in the measurement process are accomplished and analyzed, respectively.

zh-cn	实验中将变栅距光栅置于电动位移平台上，
en-us	In the experiment, the varied line-space grating is placed on the electric displacement platform.

zh-cn	通过调节平台位移控制光斑入射位置，
en-us	The incident position of the light spot is controlled by adjusting the displacement of the platform.

zh-cn	建立光栅位移与反射光谱一级衍射中心波长之间的相关关系，实现波长对位移的编码。
en-us	Besides, the correlation between the grating displacement and the wavelength of the reflection spectrum first-order diffraction center is established to realize the wavelength coding of the displacement.

zh-cn	平台移动范围为0～20 mm，步长为2 mm，往返重复测量6次，记录各位移点处的中心波长，标定传感器的位移特性。
en-us	The platform movement range is 0～20 mm, with step length of 2 mm, and the round trip repeated measurement is made for 6 times. The central wavelength at each shift point is recorded and the displacement characteristics of the sensor are calibrated.

zh-cn	针对各位移点重复测量产生的中心波长数据进行误差分析，
en-us	Based on the error analysis of the central wavelength data generated by repeated measurements at each shift point,

zh-cn	采用贝塞尔公式结合别捷尔斯法分析各点多次测量数据的标准差，
en-us	the standard deviation of multiple measurements at each point is analyzed by using Bessel formula combined with the Pieters method.

zh-cn	并结合莱以特(3σ)准则进一步判定数据的可靠性。
en-us	The reliability of the data is further determined by combining with the 3σ criteria.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该传感系统无系统误差和粗大误差;
en-us	The experimental results show that the sensor system has no systematic error and gross error.

zh-cn	波长与位移呈线性变化，多次重复线性度优于0.9946，
en-us	Also, the wavelength and displacement of the sensor change linearly, and the linearity of multiple repetitions is better than 0. 9946.

zh-cn	传感器全量程平均位移灵敏度为16.67 nm/mm，
en-us	The average displacement sensitivity of the sensor's full range is 16. 67 nm/mm.

zh-cn	为基于变栅距光栅位移传感系统的研究提供了一定的参考。
en-us	The content of this paper can provide a certain research reference for displacement sensing system based on varied line-space grating.

zh-cn	为实现超材料滤波器在可见和近红外波段的多波段可调滤波，通过时域有限差分法对同轴金纳米管有序阵列进行数值模拟，
en-us	In order to realize the multi-band tunable filtering of the metamaterial filter in the visible and near infrared bands, the ordered array of coaxial gold nanotubes is numerically simulated by using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain method.

zh-cn	研究了该结构中圆柱形和间隙表面等离激元的吸收特性及其滤波应用，
en-us	We investigate the absorption characteristics of cylindrical surface plasmons as well as gap surface plasmons in the ordered array and explore their applications in the filtering fields.

zh-cn	分析了共振波个数及波长位置与结构参数的关系。
en-us	Then we analyze the influence of structural parameters on the number and location of resonant wavelengths.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，通过调节结构参数可以实现在600～1700 nm范围内多波段可调滤波。
en-us	The simulation results show that multi-band tunable filtering can be realized in the range of 600～1700 nm by adjusting the structural parameters.

zh-cn	随着光通信技术的快速发展，光纤传输的容量呈几何式增长，
en-us	With the rapid development of optical communication technology, the capacity of optical transmission increases dramatically.

zh-cn	对密集波分复用(DWDM)网络系统的管理和调度灵活性要求也在不断提高。
en-us	The flexible requirements for the management and scheduling of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing(DWDM)network systems also become higher.

zh-cn	波长可调模块可以满足网络管理灵活的要求，在波分复用(WDM)系统和5G网络中将会有广泛应用。
en-us	The wavelength adjustable module can meet the requirements of flexible network management, which will be widely used in Wavelength Division Multiplexing(WDM) system and 5 G network.

zh-cn	而作为模块内的核心元件，可调激光器的研究就显得尤为重要。
en-us	As the core component in the module, the research of tunable laser is particularly important.

zh-cn	文章介绍了一种可调激光器和硅光调制器芯片混合集成封装技术，利用一种胶合标准具的设计进行波长控制，节省了半导体制冷器，减小了封装尺寸。
en-us	This paper introduces the hybrid integrated package technology of tunable laser and silicon modulator chip, which uses the design of an etalon a gluing standard to control the wavelength, saving the design of semiconductor refrigerator and the package size.

zh-cn	其制作的可调激光器件能满足ITU-96通道的波长输出，且满足100 G BASE-LR4国际标准的工作眼图要求。
en-us	The tunable laser produced meets the wavelength output requirements of ITU-96 channel, and the eye map meets the working eye map of 100 G Base-LR4 international standard.

zh-cn	针对短沟道晶体管数学模型高复杂度问题，文章提出了一种适用于刻画短沟道晶体管模型的gm/Id方法。
en-us	Aiming at the high complexity of the mathematical model of short channel transistor, a gm/Id method is proposed to describe the short channel transistor model.

zh-cn	该方法主要通过建立电路指标与晶体管尺寸的关系来优化电路性能。
en-us	This method optimizes the circuit performance by establishing the relationship between the circuit index and transistor size.

zh-cn	0 nA且采用1.2 V的电压供电时，该电路整体功耗为7.5 mW。
en-us	The design dissipates 7. 5 mW from a 1. 2 V supply.

zh-cn	测试结果表明，输入100μA电流时，电路的峰值数据抖动约为64. 92 ps，输出摆幅为81. 1 mV。
en-us	The test results show that, when 100 μA current is input, the peak to peak data jitter of the circuit is about 64. 92 ps, and the output swing is 81. 1 mW.

zh-cn	第5代移动通信技术(5G)前传是承载网络的重要组成部分，
en-us	5 th-Generation(5 G) fronthaul is an important part of the bearer network.

zh-cn	高精度时间同步以及海量连接的需求对接入网有了更高的要求。
en-us	High-precision time synchronization and massive connection requirements may have higher demands on the access network.

zh-cn	为了解决前传哑资源管理及光纤资源问题，中国移动提出了中等波分复用(MWDM)前传方案。
en-us	In order to solve the problems of fronthaul dumb resource management and optical fiber resources, China Mobile proposed a Medium Wavelength Division Multiplexing(MWDM) fronthaul solution.

zh-cn	针对MWDM方案的需求和5G前传推行需要降低成本的问题，文章提出了一款应用于MWDM光模块的25 Gbit/s光发射组件(TOSA)，
en-us	In view of the demand of MWDM scheme and the need to reduce the cost in the implementation of 5 G fronthaul, a 25 Gbit/s Transmitter Optical Subassembly(TOSA) for MWDM optical module is proposed in this paper,

zh-cn	采用低成本的同轴气密封装，
en-us	which is packaged with low-cost and hermetic coaxial structure.

zh-cn	并内置半导体制冷器来支持室外场景的严苛条件。
en-us	Built-in thermo electric cooler is also used to support the harsh conditions of outdoor scene.

zh-cn	文章主要介绍了TOSA的关键设计和封装形式，并从设计和工艺上对其控温能力进行了优化，最后对样品的光电性能、控温能力以及传输性能进行了测试。
en-us	This paper mainly introduces the key design and packaging form of TOSA, and optimizes its temperature control ability from the design and process. Finally, the photoelectric performance, temperature control ability and transmission performance of the sample are tested.

zh-cn	测试结果表明，器件性能优良，且满足SFP28封装形式和IEEE 802. 3协议标准。
en-us	The results show that the device has excellent performance, which also meet the SFP28 package form and IEEE 802. 3 protocol standards.

zh-cn	针对远程泵浦传输系统高功率泵浦光传输受限问题，
en-us	The transmission distance of high-power pump in the remote pump transmission system is limited.

zh-cn	文章基于随机分布反馈光纤激光器的工作原理，创新性地提出了一种新型远程泵浦传输方案，
en-us	Considering this issue, a novel remote pump transmission scheme is proposed based on the principle of the randomly distributed feedback fiber laser,

zh-cn	通过高反射率的光纤布拉格光栅增强泵浦光的受激拉曼效应，输出目的泵浦光功率。
en-us	which enhances the stimulated Raman effect of the pump and outputs the target pump power through the fiber Bragg grating with high reflectivity.

zh-cn	对新型远程泵浦传输系统的传输性能进行了测试，
en-us	The transmission performance of the new remote pump transmission system is tested.

zh-cn	测试结果表明，实验数据和理论计算数据一致;
en-us	The experimental results show that the experimental data and theoretical calculation data of the new remote pump transmission system are consistent.

zh-cn	与传统远程泵浦传输系统相比，新型远程泵浦传输系统提高了泵浦的入纤光功率，延长了传输系统的传输距离。
en-us	Compared with the remote pump transmission system, the new remote pump transmission system improves the fiber input power of the pump and extends the transmission distance of the transmission system.

zh-cn	针对电力系统中微机电系统(MEMS)光开关在切换备纤时可能受到光控信号的影响而造成光时域反射仪(OTDR)发生损坏的问题，
en-us	The Micro-Electromechanical System(MEMS) optical switches in power systems may be affected by optical control signals during fiber switching, which may cause damage to Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer(OTDR).

zh-cn	文章提出了一种电力系统中MEMS光开关切换路径优化控制的方法，
en-us	In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a method to optimize the switching path of MEMS optical switches in power systems.

zh-cn	在对MEMS光开关进行完整的扫描后得到其精确的光信号通道功率等高图，
en-us	After the optical switch performing a complete scan, the accurate optical signal channel power contour map is obtained,

zh-cn	然后再对其切换路径进行优化控制，
en-us	and then the switching path is optimized and controlled.

zh-cn	使得MEMS光开关可以在平衡控制通道切换时间的前提下使入射光沿相对通道隔离度最高的最佳路径进行切换控制，同时也可以在保证切换时间的前提下将MEMS光开关在切换时对其他通道的影响降到最低，
en-us	Therefore, the MEMS optical switch can achieve the highest relative channel isolation of incident light along the premise of balancing the control channel switching time. The best path for switching control can also be used to minimize the impact of the MEMS optical switch on other channels when switching under the premise of ensuring the switching time,

zh-cn	并且即使在通道环境非常复杂的情况下也不受影响。
en-us	and it will not be affected even in a very complicated channel environment.

zh-cn	电磁波谱中的太赫兹波段拥有许多比传统光源更独特的性质，在生物、材料、安检和通信等领域有着非常重要的研究价值，
en-us	Terahertz band in electromagnetic spectrum has many properties than traditional light source, which has very important research value in biology, material, security, communication and other fields.

zh-cn	而高功率和高效率的太赫兹辐射源则是太赫兹技术转化为实际生产力的一个重要因素和前提条件。
en-us	The high power and high efficiency terahertz radiation source is an important factor and prerequisite for the transformation of terahertz technology into actual productivity.

zh-cn	文章分别从以气体、固体和液体作为激发介质的角度，总结了激光与不同激发介质相互作用产生太赫兹波的研究进展。
en-us	In this paper, the research progress of terahertz wave generated by laser interacting with different excitation media is summarized from the perspective of gas, solid and liquid as excitation media.

zh-cn	对气体介质中常用的四波混频、有质动力、切伦科夫和光电流模型的物理机制以及固体介质中的光电导和光整流模型的物理机制进行了详细撰述，
en-us	The physical mechanism of four-wave mixing, mass-dynamic, cherenkov and photocurrent models commonly used in gas media, as well as the physical mechanism of photoconductance and photorectification models in solid media are described in detail,

zh-cn	并对影响这几种激发介质产生出太赫兹波的因素进行了分析与总结。
en-us	and the factors affecting the generation of terahertz waves by these excitation media are analyzed and summarized.

zh-cn	最后，对液体激发介质产生出太赫兹辐射源的方法进行了展望。
en-us	Finally, the methods of producing terahertz radiation source by liquid excited medium are prospected.

zh-cn	基于卷积神经网络的网络流量分类算法中，为了提高分类准确度，其结构设计日趋复杂，容易出现梯度下滑甚至梯度消失，导致预测准确度不升反降。
en-us	Convolutional neural network based network traffic classification scheme suffers many disadvantages such as the complex structure designing, gradient declines or even explodes, the deterioration of prediction accuracy, and etc.

zh-cn	文章提出了一种基于残差网络的改进流量分类算法，
en-us	A residual network based improved traffic classification algorithm is proposed.

zh-cn	引入残差网络层代替传统卷积神经网络中的卷积层和池化层，不仅缓解了传统卷积网络因层次太深导致难以训练的问题，同时与传统卷积运算相比，
en-us	The convolution layer and pooling layer in the traditional convolutional neural network are replaced by the residual network layer, which can alleviate the problem that the traditional convolution network is too deep to train effectively.

zh-cn	所提出的残差网络在训练时学习到的数据特征信息更加全面，训练后的模型也更加准确。
en-us	The data feature information learned by the proposed algorithm in the training stage is more comprehensive, and the trained model can also be more accurate.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，改进后的算法比常规的神经网络算法表现更佳，分类准确度从92. 05%提高到了96. 18%。
en-us	Simulation results show that the improved algorithm has higher accuracy than the traditional neural network, which can be improved from 92. 05% to 96. 18%.

zh-cn	针对可见光通信系统传输性能问题，文章提出了一种无载波幅度相位(CAP)调制与数字脉冲间隔调制(DPIM)结合的混合调制方案。
en-us	In order to improve the performance of indoor Visible Light Communication(VLC) system, a hybrid modulation scheme combining Carrierless Amplitude Phase(CAP) modulation and Digital Pulse Interval Modulation(DPIM) is proposed.

zh-cn	该方案分别利用两者频谱效率和功率效率较高的特点，
en-us	This scheme takes advantage of both characteristics of higher spectral efficiency and power efficiency.

zh-cn	发送端在脉冲间隔调制的脉冲时隙加载直流偏置光CAP(DCO-CAP)信号，实现混合调制信号的并行生成，
en-us	A parallel modulation structure is adopted to realize the signal generation at the transmitter side, and the transmission of Direct Current biased Optical-CAP(DCO-CAP) signal are controlled by pulse time slot of the pulse interval modulation.

zh-cn	接收端通过门限检测和最大似然检测完成混合调制信号的串行解调。
en-us	The threshold value detection and the maximum likelihood criterion are used to complete the serial demodulation of modulated signals at the receiver side.

zh-cn	推导了室内可见光高斯信道下混合调制方案的误码率(BER)及误帧率(FER)解析表达式。
en-us	Analytical expressions of Bit Error Rate(BER) and Frame Error Rate(FER) for the hybrid modulation scheme over Gaussian channel are derived.

zh-cn	此外，从频谱效率和FER两方面对比分析了该混合调制方案与传统DPIM及DCO-CAP方案的性能优劣。
en-us	In addition, the performance of the proposed scheme and ordinary schemes are contrastively analyzed in terms of spectral efficiency and system reliability.

zh-cn	数值仿真结果表明:当频谱效率相同时，混合调制方案较单一调制有更高的可靠性。
en-us	The numerical results show that the hybrid system is more reliable compared with ordinary modulation system under the condition of same spectral efficiency.

zh-cn	在大力发展智能电网的背景下，支撑电网运转的电力光通信网规模日趋庞大，其承载的业务更加多样化。
en-us	Under the background of vigorously developing smart grids, the scale of power optical communication networks supporting power grid operation is becoming larger and larger, and the services carried are more diversified.

zh-cn	然而电力光通信网的业务路由规划主要以最短路径算法为主，导致电力光通信网存在业务重要度分布不均衡，
en-us	However, the service routing planning of the power communication network is mainly based on the shortest path algorithm, which leads to the imbalance of the business importance distribution of the power communication networks.

zh-cn	从而导致网络局部风险过高的问题。
en-us	Therefore, the local risk of the network can be high and the overall health of the network is low.

zh-cn	针对上述现状，文章采用深度强化学习技术，以网络业务风险均衡为目标，提出了基于强化学习的电力光通信网风险均衡路由算法。
en-us	Aiming at the shortcomings of traditional routing algorithms, this paper proposes a route algorithm that uses deep reinforcement learning technology to balance the risk of network traffic, which also comprehensively considers the traditional constraints such as optical transmission constraints and link residual capacity.

zh-cn	该算法考虑业务重要度分布情况、链路容量和链路光信噪比，实现了电力光通信网风险均衡化。
en-us	The algorithm considers the distribution of service importance, link capacity, and link optical signal-to-noise ratio to achieve risk equalization of power communication networks.

zh-cn	文章选取某省电力通信子网验证方案的有效性，
en-us	We have carried out an experiment in a provincial power communication subnet.

zh-cn	研究结果表明，该方法能够有效地降低电力光通信网风险均衡度，为电网的安全运行提供有力保障。
en-us	The result shows that the method can effectively reduce the risk balance of the power optical communication networks and provide a strong guarantee for the safe operation.

zh-cn	城市智能体的发展对网络体系提出了新的要求。
en-us	The development of city agent puts forward new requirements for network system.

zh-cn	公共安全智能体作为城市智能体的一个重要分支也对网络有了更进一步的需求，需要网络能更主动、快速和灵活地支撑其发展，
en-us	As an important branch of city agent, public security agent also has a further demand for the network, which needs the network to be more active, fast and flexible to support its development.

zh-cn	需要网络朝着更加智能化的方向发展。
en-us	Another requirement of the network is to be more intelligent.

zh-cn	基于此，文章对基于公共安全智能体的人工智能(AI)网络体系架构进行了研究，
en-us	Considering these issues, this paper investigates the Artificial Intelligence(AI) network architecture based on public security agent.

zh-cn	在此基础上给出了公共安全智能体的平台框架和基于公共安全智能体的AI网络体系架构。
en-us	We also propose a platform framework of public security agent and the AI network architecture based on public security agent.

zh-cn	针对传统光传送网络(OTN)设备业务单盘数量过少，且槽位扩容会造成业务中断，成本过高的问题，文章提出了基于集群架构的光传送网(COTN)通信系统。
en-us	Aiming at the problem that the number of single disks of traditional Optical Transport Network(OTN)equipment business is too small, and the expansion of the slot will cause business interruption and high cost, this paper proposes a Cluster Architecture of Optical Transport Network(COTN) communication equipment.

zh-cn	COTN设备管理系统的设计是实现现网设备从OTN升级到COTN的可靠技术保障，是保障COTN中业务承载单盘的兼容性与扩展性的有效技术手段，文章采用单网元多子框的形式对COTN设备管理系统进行设计。
en-us	The design of the COTN equipment management system is an effective technical guarantee to upgrade existing network equipment from OTN to COTN, which is the only technical means to ensure the compatibility and scalability of the single-disk service bearer in COTN. Therefore, this paper adopts a single network element and multiple sub-frames.

zh-cn	对COTN与传统OTN设备在数据收集、框间保护和业务处理等方面进行了对比研究，研究结果表明，COTN设备业务槽位的扩展满足承载业务扩容的低成本与动态可持续化的需求。
en-us	A comparative study of COTN equipment and traditional OTN equipment in the areas of data collection, inter-frame protection, and service processing show that the expansion of COTN equipment service slots meets the low-cost and dynamic sustainability requirements of bearer service expansion.

zh-cn	以太网传输对时钟同步精度的要求很高，
en-us	Ethernet transmission has high requirements of clock synchronization accuracy.

zh-cn	不同时钟域的切换和数据位宽变换等因素会导致精确时钟协议帧中的时间戳抖动幅度过大，严重影响时钟同步的性能。
en-us	Factors such as switching between different clock domains and data bit width conversion will enlarge the jitter amplitude of the time stamp in the Precision Time Protocol(PTP) frame, resulting in the problem of clock asynchronization.

zh-cn	针对这一问题，文章提出了一种可以消除时间戳抖动来提高时间戳精度的方法——均匀包络速率刻画，通过刻画均匀的数据包络来保证以太网传输数据分布的均匀性，
en-us	In order to solve this issue, this paper proposes a method that can eliminate the jitter of the time stamp to improve the accuracy of the time stamp-uniform envelope rate characterization, which ensures the uniformity of the Ethernet transmission data distribution by depicting a uniform data envelope.

zh-cn	从而消除时间戳抖动，达到时钟精确同步的效果。
en-us	Therefore, the time stamp jitter can be eliminated, and precise clock synchronization is achieved.

zh-cn	实验数据表明，对数据进行均匀速率包络刻画后，时间戳抖动幅度明显降低，抖动消除效果较为明显，抖动范围保持在±20 ns之内。
en-us	Experimental data shows that after the data is characterized by a uniform rate envelope, the jitter amplitude of the time stamp is significantly reduced with obvious the jitter elimination, and the jitter range remains within ±20 ns.

zh-cn	针对传统C波段高速光模块传输距离过短的问题，文章对一种准相干接收技术进行了研究，结合现有25 Gbit/s光模块进行了实验，
en-us	In order to extend the transmission distance of the traditional C-band high-speed optical module, this paper studies a kind of quasi-coherent reception technology based on the existing 25 Gbit/s optical module,

zh-cn	并讨论了准相干接收技术的应用方案。
en-us	and discusses the application scheme of the quasi-coherent reception technology.

zh-cn	研究发现，准相干接收技术以外差相干检测技术为基础，具有结构简单和成本低等优点，在不使用额外的电或光色散补偿技术的前提下，准相干接收机也能有效减少色散对高速光模块传输距离的影响。
en-us	It is found that the quasi-coherent receiver can effectively reduce the influence of dispersion on the transmission distance of high-speed optical module without using additional electrical or optical dispersion compensation technology.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，准相干接收机对因色散而劣化的光信号具有很强的处理能力，使用准相干接收机可以显著提高光模块的传输灵敏度，
en-us	The experimental results show that the quasi-coherent receiver has strong processing ability for optical signals degraded by dispersion, and the use of the quasi-coherent receiver can significantly improve the transmission sensitivity of the optical module.

zh-cn	能够将采用传统强度调制技术的C波段25 Gbit/s光模块的传输距离从当前的10 km左右延长至25 km以上。
en-us	The experimental results show that the quasi-coherent reception technology can extend the transmission distance of the C-band 25 Gbit/s optical module with traditional intensity modulation technology from 10 km to more than 25 km.

zh-cn	基于多芯光纤的空分复用是解决当前光通信传输容量瓶颈的最有效方法之一，
en-us	Spatial division multiplexing based on the multi-core fiber has been believed as a promising and effective way to overcome the foreseeable capacity crunch of single mode fiber transmission.

zh-cn	多芯光纤扇入扇出(FIFO)技术是实现多芯光纤空分复用系统的关键，
en-us	Fan-in Fan-out(FIFO) technology for multi-core fiber is the key to realize multi-core fiber space division multiplexing system,

zh-cn	它用于实现单个多芯光纤到多个单芯光纤的光耦合功能。
en-us	which can realize the optical coupling function from single multi-core fiber to multiple single core fiber.

zh-cn	文章总结了近十年来多芯光纤FIFO器件和装置的方法，将它们归纳为熔融、光纤束、自由空间光和三维集成波导4种类型，
en-us	In this paper, we summarize the methods of multi-core fiber FIFO devices in the past decade, which includes fused type, fiber bundle type, free space type and three-dimensional integrated waveguide type.

zh-cn	分析并比较了几种类型器件/装置的制作方法和性能，对未来可广泛应用的技术方向进行了展望。
en-us	The fabrication methods and performance of several types of devices are analyzed and compared. Finally, the technology direction which can be widely used in the future is prospected.

zh-cn	针对用引线连接的蝶形激光器管脚在扫频振动测试中发生齐根断裂的问题，文章建立了有限元分析模型，
en-us	In order to solve the problem that the pin of butterfly laser connected with lead wire breaks in the sweep frequency vibration test,

zh-cn	模型中用不同管脚长度反映引线的影响，
en-us	the finite element analysis model is established with different pin length to reflect the influence of lead wire.

zh-cn	采用模态叠加法分析了管脚在20 g、20～2 000 Hz正弦扫频振动下的应力。
en-us	The stress of the pin is analyzed by mode superposition method under the condition of 20 g and 20 ～ 2 000 Hz sinusoidal sweep frequency vibration.

zh-cn	基于Miner准则，计算了管脚在振动条件下的寿命。
en-us	Based on Miner criterion, the life of pin under vibration is calculated.

zh-cn	分析结果表明: (1)原激光器管脚的固有频率高于2 000 Hz，
en-us	The analysis results show that the natural frequency of the original laser pin is higher than 2 000 Hz.

zh-cn	连接引线后，固有频率降低到2 000 Hz以内，在振动条件下会发生共振;
en-us	After connecting to the lead wire, the natural frequency will be reduced to less than 2 000 Hz, and the resonance will occur under the vibration condition.

zh-cn	适当位置固定引线，可将其固有频率提高到2 000 Hz以上，从而避免共振;
en-us	It is also shown that if the lead wire is fixed appropriately, the natural frequency can be increased to more than 2 000 Hz to avoid resonance.

zh-cn	(2)原激光器管脚在振动条件下为无限寿命，用引线连接后的激光器管脚寿命大幅降低，
en-us	Moreover, the results indicate that the original laser pin has infinite life under vibration condition, but the life of the pin connected by lead wire is greatly reduced.

zh-cn	在适当位置固定引线可以将管脚寿命提高到无限寿命。
en-us	The pin life can be increased to infinite life by fixing the lead wire appropriately.

zh-cn	透镜天线阵列下毫米波大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)系统通过波束选择可以大大减少所需的射频链数目，解决系统硬件成本和能耗过高的问题，
en-us	To deal with issue of high hardware cost and energy consumption, beam selection is used in the lens antenna array based millimeter-Wave(mmWave) massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO) system to reduce the required number of radio frequency chains.

zh-cn	然而，波束选择需要基站端获取准确的信道状态信息。
en-us	However, beam selection requires the base station to acquire the accurate channel state information.

zh-cn	对此，文章首先利用波束空间的结构特性，采用基于支持检测(SD)的信道估计方案，以较低的导频开销和计算复杂度对大尺寸信道进行更加可靠的估计;
en-us	To solve this problem, we first use the structural characteristics of beamspace and adopt a Support Detection(SD)-based channel estimation scheme to estimate the large channel with lower pilot overhead and computational complexity.

zh-cn	其次受仿生学中蚁群优化(ACO)算法的启发，文章提出了一种基于SD估计信道的ACO波束选择方案，
en-us	Then, inspired by Ant Colony Optimization(ACO) algorithm in bionics, an ACO beam selection scheme based on SD channel estimation is proposed.

zh-cn	该方案既能有效地避免用户间波束的干扰，又能最大限度地提高系统和速率;
en-us	The scheme can not only avoid the interference of beams between users, but also maximize the system sum rate.

zh-cn	最后，仿真结果表明，该方案能够得到计算复杂度显著降低的近优解，
en-us	Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed scheme can obtain a near-optimal solution with significantly lower computational complexity,

zh-cn	在提高系统和速率方面优于现有方案。
en-us	and it is superior to the existing schemes in improving the system sum rate.

zh-cn	对数正态信道是描述弱湍流条件下无线光通信衰落的有力数学工具。
en-us	Lognormal channel is a powerful mathematical tool in modeling fading effects for wireless optical communications over weak turbulence channels.

zh-cn	然而精确的对数正态信道性能表达式带有无法化简的多重积分，难以揭示信道参数和性能的联系，不利于性能估计。
en-us	However, exact analysis involving lognormal channels involves multi-fold integrals, which reveal little insights into the relation between the system performance and the channel parameters.

zh-cn	针对该问题，Wilkinson和Fenton近似被广泛应用于对数正态信道的性能分析，
en-us	Therefore, Wilkinson Approximation(WA) and Fenton Approximation(FA) are widely applied to approximate the performance of lognormal fading channels.

zh-cn	但Wilkinson和Fenton近似的应用范围却缺乏标准，这导致了系统设计时对理论性能的错误预判。
en-us	However, their ranges of applications are not fully studied, which causes discrepancies in performance evaluations.

zh-cn	为此，文章基于原点矩的积分表达式讨论了Wilkinson和Fenton近似的特点，提出了基于Wilkinson和Fenton近似来估计自由空间光通信中继性能的方法，对比了Wilkinson和Fenton近似在此类性能分析中的适用范围。
en-us	In this work, we compare WA and FA based on the expressions of moments, and propose an approach to approximate the performance of Free-Space Optical Communications(FSO) relaying systems over the lognormal weak turbulence channels, and discuss the ranges of applications for WA and FA.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，在中低信噪比情况下，Wilkinson比Fenton近似更准确;
en-us	It is shown that at low and medium Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR), error probability approximation based on WA is more accurate.

zh-cn	在高信噪比情况下，Fenton比Wilkinson近似更精确。
en-us	However, at large SNR, Fenton's approach will provide better approximation accuracy compared to the WA.

zh-cn	此外，仿真结果还表明，Wilkinson近似方法的精度和对数正态信道的方差密切相关。
en-us	Simulation results indicate that the approximation error depends on the discrepancies between the variances over FSO links as well as the scintillation level of the channels.

zh-cn	以巡检机器人为代表的终端设备在变电站中应用广泛，第五代移动通信(5G)技术发展迅速，
en-us	Terminal equipment represented by inspection robots is widely used in substations.

zh-cn	未来5G可移动终端在变电站的应用将会越来越多。
en-us	In the future, 5 th-Generation(5 G) mobile terminals will be more and more used in substations with the fast development of 5 G technology.

zh-cn	通信系统的性能与无线信道息息相关，
en-us	The performance of the communication system is closely related to the wireless channel.

zh-cn	因此研究变电站中可移动终端的5G通信信道特性至关重要。
en-us	Therefore, it is very important to study the 5 G communication channel characteristics of the mobile terminal in the substation.

zh-cn	文章针对变电站三维(3D)散射环境下5G可移动终端的通信信道的特性问题，基于多输入多输出技术，提出采用几何分析法建立3D信道模型，
en-us	Aiming at the characteristics of the communication channel of 5 G mobile terminals in the Three-Dimension(3 D) scattering environment of substations, based on the multiple input multiple output technology, the article proposes to use geometric analysis to establish a 3 D channel model,

zh-cn	并推导出了信道的时间自相关函数、空间互相关函数。
en-us	and derive the time autocorrelation function and spatial cross correlation function of the channel.

zh-cn	基于5G频段，仿真并分析了无线信道的自相关和互相关特性;
en-us	Based on the 5 G frequency band, the auto-correlation and cross-correlation characteristics of the wireless channel are simulated and analyzed.

zh-cn	研究了不同大小的莱斯因子对无线信道特性的影响。
en-us	The influence of the Rice factor of different sizes on the wireless channel characteristics is also studied.

zh-cn	上述仿真结果表明了5G终端在变电站的可用性，拓宽了变电站场景下可移动终端运用5G通信技术的研究。
en-us	The above simulation results show the availability of 5 G terminals in substations, and broaden the research on mobile terminals using 5 G communication technology in substation scenarios.

zh-cn	针对高倍频毫米波的产生问题，文章提出了一种基于4个偏振调制器并联产生16倍频毫米波的方案，利用相关光边带极性的不同，使合成光信号中只保留载波和8n阶边带。
en-us	In order to generate high-frequency millimeter-wave, this paper proposes a scheme of generating 16-tupling millimeter wave signal with 4 polarization modulators in parallel, using the different polarities of optical sideband to merely reserve optical carrier and the 8nth-order sidebands.

zh-cn	经过适当选取调制指数值和光电探测器拍频后，获得16倍频毫米波信号。
en-us	Finally, after the composite optical signals beaten on the photodetector, the 16-tupling millimeter-wave signal is achieved.

zh-cn	文章理论分析了产生16倍频毫米波信号的原理，
en-us	The principle of generating 16-tupling millimeter-wave signal is theoretically analyzed.

zh-cn	推导出方案所产生的±8阶光边带信号的光边带抑制比为61.72 dB，16倍频毫米波信号的射频杂散抑制比为55.70 dB。
en-us	The optical sideband suppression ratio of the obtained ± 8 th-order sideband signal is 61. 72 dB, and the radio frequency stray suppression ratio of the 16-tupling millimeter-wave signal is 55. 70 dB.

zh-cn	仿真实验获得的光边带抑制比和射频杂散抑制比分别为60和53 dB。
en-us	The optical sideband suppression ratio and the radio frequency stray suppression ratio obtained from the simulation are 60 dB and 53 dB, respectively.

zh-cn	同时分析了射频信号相位偏移及调制指数对抑制比的影响。
en-us	The effects of phase offset and modulation index on sidebands suppression ratio are also analyzed.

zh-cn	实验结果与理论分析吻合，验证了所提方案的可行性。
en-us	The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical analysis, which can verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme.

zh-cn	为满足第五代移动通信(5G)基站和边缘计算节点对高精度地面授时的需求，文章提出了构建端到端高精度地面授时链路的方法和后续不依赖卫星的时间同步网组网思路，
en-us	To meet the demand of 5 G mobile base stations and edge computing nodes for high-precision ground timing system, the construction method of end-to-end ground time synchronization links and the subsequent time synchronization network planning ideas are proposed, which do not rely on satellite timing system.

zh-cn	并通过苏州现网部署和实测展示了72 h内误差<28. 4 ns的高精度链路传递授时指标，验证了构建方法的可行性。
en-us	The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by conducting evaluation experiments in the present 5 G mobile network of SuZhou, which demonstrate the high and stable time accuracy within 24. 8 ns for 72 hours.

zh-cn	最后对不依赖卫星组网等后续关键问题进行了分析，指出了下一步改进的方向。
en-us	Key issues such as satellite independent time synchronization network are also analyzed to point out the future improvement direction.

zh-cn	为提升非规则准循环低密度奇偶校验码的译码性能和降低译码器实现难度，文章提出了一种基于度数归一化最小和（BD-NMS）算法和一种改进的译码结构。
en-us	In order to improve the decoding performance of the irregular Quasi Cyclic Low Density Parity Check(QC-LDPC) code and reduce the implementation difficulty of the decoder, this paper proposes a Based-Degree Normalized Min Sum(BD-NMS) algorithm and an improved decoding structure.

zh-cn	首先分析了最优归一化因子变化规律，得到其在不同度数下的分布特性，
en-us	The algorithm first analyzes the changing rule of the optimal normalization factor, and obtains its distribution characteristics in different degrees.

zh-cn	依据分布特性对度数分层，
en-us	According to the distribution characteristics, the degrees can be layered.

zh-cn	最后利用密度演化和加权向量得到各层归一化因子。
en-us	Finally, the normalization factors of each layer are obtained by density evolution and weighted vector.

zh-cn	文章所提译码结构中，校验节点以提升值为单位分组，每组以2的整数次幂为单位分子层，
en-us	In the proposed structure, the verification nodes are grouped with the lifting value as the unit, and each group is divided by the integral power of 2 as the unit molecular layer.

zh-cn	子层按顺序依次更新。
en-us	The sub-layers are then updated in sequence.

zh-cn	仿真结果与复杂度分析表明，文章所提译码结构资源消耗和复杂度更低;
en-us	Simulation results and complexity analysis show that the proposed decoding structure consumes less resources and has lower complexity.

zh-cn	BD-NMS算法拥有更为优异的译码性能和收敛速度，在误码率为10-6时译码性能比密度演化最小和（DE-MS）算法提升了0.
en-us	It can be seen that the BD-NMS algorithm has better decoding performance with faster convergence speed. The decoding performance is 0. 19 dB higher than that of Density Evolution Min-Sum(DE-MS) when the bit error rate is 10-6.

zh-cn	19 dB左右，增加的复杂度只包括比较运算，易于硬件实现。
en-us	It is also concluded that the increased complexity only includes comparison operation, which is easy to implement in hardware.

zh-cn	针对流媒体服务节点硬件成本高、流媒体服务器硬件能力未被充分发掘利用的问题，文章提出了优化流媒体服务器性能的软件方法。
en-us	Aiming at the problems of high hardware cost of streaming service node and insufficient development and utilization of streaming server hardware capability, we propose a software method to optimize the performance of streaming servers.

zh-cn	首先，基于性能测试分析的结果，流媒体服务器性能瓶颈在于硬盘组负载不均衡，
en-us	Firstly, based on the results of performance testing and analysis, the performance bottleneck of streaming server is that the load of disk groups is unbalanced,

zh-cn	硬盘组的整体吞吐能力未被充分利用;
en-us	and the overall throughput of disk groups is not fully utilized.

zh-cn	其次，分析了Linux文件系统输入/输出(I/O)访问模式，
en-us	Secondly, the Input/Output(I/O) access method of the Linux file system is analyzed,

zh-cn	提出了直接I/O与异步I/O相结合，加速文件读取的方法;
en-us	and a method combining direct I/O and asynchronous I/O is proposed to improve the file reading speed.

zh-cn	然后，针对流媒体文件的特点，提出了分片存储技术，以支持并发读取，均衡硬盘组的负荷;
en-us	Thirdly, according to the characteristics of streaming media files, shard storage technology is proposed to support concurrent reading and balance the load of hard disk groups.

zh-cn	最后，提出了基于内容热度的动态副本策略，以支持热点内容巨大的并发访问。
en-us	Finally, a dynamic replication strategy based on content popularity is proposed to support massive concurrent access to hot contents.

zh-cn	经测试验证，采用这些技术优化流媒体应用软件后可大幅提升流媒体服务器的性能。
en-us	After testing and verification, using these technologies to optimize streaming application software can greatly improve the performance of streaming servers.

zh-cn	基于光纤传感的物联网(IoT)具有测量感知与数据传输的双重特性，
en-us	The Internet of Things(IoT) of fiber-optic sensing has the characteristics of measurement perception and data transmission.

zh-cn	为了实现网络内任意节点的快速定位，文章研究了快速节点定位技术，该技术采用边界盒定位的方法优化了人工蜂群(ABC)算法。
en-us	In order to realize the fast positioning of any node in the network, a fast node positioning technology is investigated, which uses the method of boundary box optimizing the Artificial Bee Colony(ABC) algorithm.

zh-cn	实验对光纤传感网络中的多个未知节点进行定位分析，
en-us	Experiments are performed on multiple unknown nodes in fiber-optic sensor networks.

zh-cn	并将所提算法、未优化的ABC算法和传统粒子群(PSO)算法的测试结果进行了对比。
en-us	The performances of the proposed algorithm, the unoptimized ABC algorithm and the traditional Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) algorithm are compared.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，随着种群数的增加，3种算法的定位精度都会提高，
en-us	The results show that as the population increases, the positioning accuracy of the three algorithms improves.

zh-cn	当种群数>20后趋于稳定，定位精度依次为2.2、3. 0和3. 3 m。
en-us	When the population is greater than 20, it will stabilize, and the positioning accuracy is 2. 2, 3. 0 and 3. 3 m, respectively.

zh-cn	由达到稳定的迭代次数和定位精度上下限可知，所提算法的收敛速度和定位稳定性均优于后两种算法。
en-us	It can be known from the number of iterations and positioning accuracy interval that the convergence speed and positioning stability of this algorithm are better than the latter two algorithms.

zh-cn	由此可见，基于所提算法的定位技术更适用于光纤传感IoT的节点定位应用。
en-us	It can be seen that the positioning technology based on this algorithm is more suitable for node positioning applications of the optical fiber sensing IoT.

zh-cn	针对多波段激光干涉图像中的频谱数据混叠问题，文章提出了一种基于数据挖掘技术的自相关提取分类算法。
en-us	Aiming at the problem of spectral data aliasing in multi-band laser interference images, this paper proposes an autocorrelation extraction classification algorithm based on associated feature information.

zh-cn	首先，采用自相关计算模式完成数据属性分类;
en-us	First, the auto-correlation calculation mode is used to complete the data attribute classification.

zh-cn	然后，通过属性隶属度函数作为判据设计了基于特征数据挖掘的自回归平均模型;
en-us	Then, an autoregressive average model based on feature data mining is designed by using attribute membership function as a criterion.

zh-cn	最后，采用时序衰减权值系数循环迭代的方式完成数据挖掘。
en-us	Finally, the data mining is completed by cyclic iteration of time-decay weight coefficients.

zh-cn	实验对混合激光光源进行测试，并与传统均值分类算法和最小二乘法分类算法作了对比。
en-us	In the experiment, a mixed laser light source is tested. The algorithm is compared with traditional mean classification algorithm and least square method classification algorithm.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该算法的分类平均误差为0.110，优于另外两种算法(0. 191和0.167)，
en-us	Experimental results show that the classification error of the algorithm is 0. 110, which is better than the other two algorithms(0. 191 and 0. 167).

zh-cn	并且在相同数据总量的条件下该算法的耗时最少。
en-us	And under the condition of the same total amount of data, the proposed algorithm takes the least time.

zh-cn	由此可见，该算法对多波段激光干涉图像中混叠数据的有效分离具有很好的改善作用，在混叠数据分类应用中具有一定的实用价值。
en-us	It can be seen that this algorithm has a very good effect on the effective separation of aliasing data in multi-band laser interference images. It has certain practical value in the application of aliasing data classification.

zh-cn	针对电数据中心网络(DCN)延迟高和吞吐量低等问题，文章提出了两种无源光DCN架构，一种针对小型DCN，一种针对大型DCN。
en-us	Aiming at the problem of high latency and low throughput in electric Data Center Network(DCN), two kinds of passive optical DCN architecture are proposed, one for small DCN and the other for large DCN.

zh-cn	两种架构均采用了阵列波导光栅路由器(AWGR)、耦合器和解复用器等无源光器件，并针对每种规模的架构给出了波长分配和分组传输方法。
en-us	Using passive optical devices such as Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router(AWGR), coupler and demultiplexer, wavelength assignment and packet transmission algorithms are proposed for each scale architecture.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，与电DCN(如Fat-tree和扁平蝶(FBFLY)网络)相比，所提方法具有更低的延迟和更高的吞吐量。
en-us	The results show that the proposed method has lower latency and higher throughput compared with electric DCN, such as Fat-tree and Flat Butterfly(FBFLY) networks.

zh-cn	而与其他光互连架构(如数据中心光开关(DOS)和Petabit)相比，其性能大致相当，分组延迟低于18μs，但成本更低。
en-us	It is also shown that the performances of proposed optical DCN architectures are similar to those of other optical interconnection architectures(such as Datacenter Optical Switch(DOS) and Petabit). The packet delay is less than 18 μs with lower cost.

zh-cn	在BB84量子密钥分配协议中，安全密钥通常是从系统的测量结果中提取的，但在实际系统中容易受到攻击。
en-us	In BB84 quantum key distribution protocol, the security key is usually extracted from the measurement results of the system, but the actual system is vulnerable to attack.

zh-cn	基矢编码量子密钥分配协议的安全密钥在基矢信息中编码，不需要通过测量结果提取，
en-us	In basis encoding quantum key distribution protocol, the security key is based on the basis information, which does not need to be extracted by the measurement results.

zh-cn	该协议不涉及硬件的变换，只需对数据的后处理进行调整，
en-us	Compared with BB84 protocol, the basis encoding protocol does not change the hardware, and only needs to adjust the post-processing of the data.

zh-cn	因此实际系统易操作实现。
en-us	Therefore, the actual system is easy to implement.

zh-cn	针对基矢编码协议在实际系统中面临的光子束的截取重发攻击和分束攻击，文章对比分析了基矢编码、BB84和B92协议的实际安全性，
en-us	Aiming at the photon number splitting attack and the intercept-resend attack in the actual system, we analyze the actual security of basis coding protocol, BB84 protocol and B92 protocol.

zh-cn	分析结果表明，基矢编码协议在抵抗光子束的截取重发攻击和分束攻击方面具有更强的安全性。
en-us	The results indicate that the basis coding protocol has better performance in fighting against the photon number splitting attack and the intercept-resend attack.

zh-cn	针对高速相干光通信系统，融合信号功率波形与幅相特征提出了一种大范围和高精度的色散(CD)监测技术。
en-us	A large-scale and high-precision Chromatic Dispersion(CD) monitoring technique for high-speed coherent optical communication system is proposed, which combines the signal power waveform with amplitude and phase histograms characteristics.

zh-cn	搭建了112 Gbit/s (28 GBaud)偏振复用正交相移键控(PDM-QPSK)仿真系统，证明了该方法的可行性并分析了监测误差。
en-us	We conduct a simulation for 112 Gbit/s(28 GBaud) Polarization Division Multiplexing Quadrature Phase Shift Keying(PDM-QPSK) coherent optical communication system. In the simulation, the feasibility of this method is proved and the monitoring error is further analyzed.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，在6. 4～48. 0 ns/nm CD范围内，该方法实现了最大绝对误差和平均相对误差分别为62. 1 ps/nm和0. 0027的CD监测。
en-us	The maximum absolute estimation error of 62. 1 ps/nm and the average relative error of 0. 0027 are achieved in the range of 6. 4 to 48. 0 ns/nm.

zh-cn	针对偏振复用—正交相移键控（PDM-QPSK）无中继光纤传输系统中的非线性损伤问题，文章重点研究了一种基于K最邻近（KNN）聚类算法的非线性补偿技术。
en-us	A K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN) based fiber nonlinearity compensation technique for Polarization Division Multiplexing-Quadrature Phase Shift Keying(PDM-QPSK) unrepeartered Raman amplification system is studied.

zh-cn	通过计算测试数据到所有训练数据点的距离对测试数据进行分类实现了对光纤非线性补偿。
en-us	The nonlinearity compensation of optical fiber is realized by classifying the test data by calculating the distance from the test data to all the training data.

zh-cn	研究结果表明，在112 Gbit/s PDM-QPSK 350 km色散管理无中继光纤传输系统中，基于KNN算法的非线性补偿技术能够有效地补偿传输光纤非线性引起的损伤。
en-us	All the simulation results show that the KNN-based fiber nonlinearity compensation technique can alleviate the fiber nonlinearity in 112 Gbit/s PDM-QPSK 350 km dispersion compensated unrepeartered Raman amplification system.

zh-cn	特别地，在系统误码率为10-3时，经KNN算法非线性补偿后输入端信号的光功率可提升约1 dBm。
en-us	Especially, the input optical power can increase by 1 dBm at the bit error rate of 10-3 after KNN-based nonlinearity compensation.

zh-cn	软件定义光网络(SDON)中，控制平面可能遭遇入侵威胁从而对网络的稳定可靠服务供给造成影响。
en-us	In the Software Defined Optical Network(SDON), control plane may encounter various intrusion threat, which may affect the stable and reliable service provisioning in the network.

zh-cn	文章针对SDON集中控制平面安全问题提出了一种基于机器学习的入侵检测策略，采用孤立森林算法来检测点异常，采用指数权重移动平均(EWMA)算法来检测序列异常。
en-us	Aiming at control plane security problems in SDON, machine learning based intrusion detection strategy is proposed, which utilizes Isolation Forest algorithm to detect point anomalies and Exponentially Weighted Moving Average(EWMA) algorithm to detect sequence anomalies.

zh-cn	理论分析和仿真实验结果表明，所提的基于机器学习的SDON检测技术能够实现90%点异常检测准确率和85%序列异常检测准确率。
en-us	Theoretical analysis and simulation experimental results show that the proposed SDON detection technology based on machine learning can achieve 90% accuracy of point anomaly detection and 85% accuracy of sequence anomaly detection.

zh-cn	由于基于40μm保偏光纤的商用光纤器件制作技术和保偏熔接技术尚不成熟，一般的保偏光纤参数测量方法很难直接应用。
en-us	Because the manufacturing technology of commercial optical fiber device and polarization-maintaining fiber fusion splicing technology based on 40 μm polarization-maintaining fiber are not mature, general polarization-maintaining fiber parameter measurement methods are difficult to directly apply.

zh-cn	文章提出在1根40μm保偏光纤上完成超辐射发光二极管(SLD)耦合对接和光纤偏振器在线制作，构建出一套简单的偏光干涉装置，
en-us	In this paper, a simple polarization interference device is constructed by accomplishing Superluminescent Diode(SLD) source coupling and making optical fiber polarizer online on a 40 μm polarization-maintaining fiber.

zh-cn	利用调制光谱可同时实现拍长和双折射温度系数的测量。
en-us	The beating length and refractive index temperature coefficient of polarization-maintaining fiber can be both measured using the modulated spectrum.

zh-cn	文章分别从理论和实验上对测量方法进行了阐述和验证。所提方法同样适用于其他直径的保偏光纤参数测量。
en-us	The measuring method is elaborated in theory and verified via the experiment, which is also applicable for polarization-maintaining fibers with other diameters.

zh-cn	针对当前大多数随机数产生方案结构复杂和体积庞大的问题，文章从理论上提出并仿真论证了一种基于垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSEL)模式跳变直接产生全光物理随机数的技术方案。
en-us	In view of the complexity and bulkiness of most current random number generation schemes, we theoretically propose and demonstrate an all-optical physical random number generation method based on Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser(VCSEL) mode hopping.

zh-cn	通过方波调制信号周期性重启工作在双稳区域的VCSEL，并利用自发辐射噪声平衡两个偏振模式出射的不对称，可以直接实现随机数的产生。
en-us	Through periodically restarting a VCSEL operating in a bistable regime with a square-wave modulation signal, and balancing the asymmetry between two polarization modes utilizing spontaneous emission noise, a random number stream can be directly generated.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该方法可以直接产生速率为2. 5 Gbit/s且随机性得到验证的物理随机数。
en-us	Numerical results show that 2. 5 Gbit/s physical random numbers can be obtained with verified randomness.

zh-cn	该方案主要包含一个VCSEL，结构简单，为随机数发生器的光子集成问题提供了新的解决方案。
en-us	This scheme can be simply implemented by only a solitary VCSEL and provide a new solution for photonic integrated random number generator.

zh-cn	针对验证光半波损失问题，文章提出了一种验证光半波损失的方案并进行了详细的理论推导和实验验证。
en-us	Here we propose a new scheme to testify the half-wave loss through both theory and experimental demonstration.

zh-cn	该方案采用琼斯矩阵进行计算，分析了光场量子态的变化，计算了光在通过两种Sagnac干涉环后的出射情况，进而得到相位的π变化方案。
en-us	The scheme uses Jones matrix to analyze the transforming of optical state and calculates the outputs of two different kinds of Sagnac interferometers after light propagation. The results clearly show a π phase shift in a Faraday mirror.

zh-cn	该方案实验装置借助了由X型耦合器组成的Sagnac干涉环和附加偏振分束器与法拉第旋转镜组成的改进型Sagnac干涉环。
en-us	It is noted that the structure is simple since the structure is based on a developed Sagnac interferometer and some commercial optical components such as X type coupler, polarization beam splinter, Faraday mirror.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该方案结构简单，现象结果明显，得到的干涉对比度均达99%以上。
en-us	The experimental results also indicate that the interference phenomenon is obvious, with interference contrast as high as 99%.

zh-cn	在大规模机器类通信(mMTC)上行免调度非正交多址接入(NOMA)系统中，活跃用户通常以高概率在几个连续时隙传输数据。
en-us	In massive Machine Type Communications(mMTC) uplink grand-free Non Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA) systems, active users usually transmit data in consecutive time slots with high probability.

zh-cn	为了充分利用相邻时隙之间的时间相关性，文章提出了一种改进的动态自适应(IDA)多用户检测算法，
en-us	In order to make full use of the time correlation between adjacent time slots, this paper proposes an Improved Dynamic Adaptive(IDA) multi-user detection algorithm,

zh-cn	将压缩感知的重构思想结合时间相关性实现活跃用户和数据的联合检测。
en-us	which combines the reconstruction idea of the existing compressed sensing algorithm with time correlation to achieve joint detection of active users and data.

zh-cn	在估计支撑集过程中加入自适应阈值辅助策略选择原子，
en-us	In the process of estimating the support set, an adaptive threshold-assisted strategy is added to select atoms,

zh-cn	利用幂函数变步长方法提高稀疏度估计的准确性，并优化迭代终止条件。
en-us	and the power function variable step size method is used to improve the accuracy of the sparsity estimation and optimize the iteration termination conditions.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，与贪婪重构算法和基于动态压缩感知(DCS)的多用户检测算法相比，在缺乏先验稀疏度条件下，IDA多用户检测算法表现出更优的信号检测性能。
en-us	The simulation results show that compared with the greedy reconstruction algorithm and the Dynamic Compressed Sensing(DCS) algorithm, the IDA algorithm has better signal detection performance in the absence of a priori sparseness.

zh-cn	针对毫米波和传统蜂窝频段场景下频谱效率和传输可靠性较低的问题，文章提出了一种三维散射簇多天线信道模型以分析大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)系统性能。
en-us	In order to improve the spectral efficiency of the system and increase the transmission reliability, it is necessary to establish a spatial fading channel model to analyze the performance of massive Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output(MIMO) systems.

zh-cn	文章假设仰角和方位角分别遵循拉普拉斯和Von-Mises分布，
en-us	Assuming that the elevation and azimuth angles follow the Laplacian distribution and the Von-Mises distribution,

zh-cn	推导出均匀平面阵列天线各单元之间空间相关系数的解析表达式，
en-us	the analytical expressions of the spatial correlation coefficients between the elements of the uniform planar array antenna are derived.

zh-cn	最后建立MIMO多天线系统模型并分析其系统性能。
en-us	The MIMO multi-antenna system model is established to analyze the system performance.

zh-cn	研究了仰角功率谱中不同角度扩展对均匀平面阵列衰落相关性和信道容量的影响，以及不同信噪比和天线阵元数对频谱效率的影响。
en-us	The effects of different angle spread in elevation power spectrum on the fading correlation and channel capacity of uniform planar arrays, and the effects of different signal-to-noise ratios and antenna array elements on spectral efficiency are studied.

zh-cn	分析结果与传统的均匀线性阵列进行比较表明，在毫米波场景下，均匀平面阵列比均匀线性阵列更适用于大规模MIMO系统，
en-us	Compared with the traditional uniform linear array, the analysis results show that the uniform planar array is more suitable for the massive MIMO system than the uniform linear array in the millimeter wave scene,

zh-cn	这使未来的移动网络工作在不同频段和蜂窝小区成为可能。
en-us	which makes it possible for the future mobile network to work in different frequency bands and cells.

zh-cn	现有多输入多输出(MIMO)太赫兹通信网络双信道介质访问控制(MAC)协议工作在WiFi信道和太赫兹信道。
en-us	The existing Multiple Input Multiple Output(MIMO) terahertz communication network dual-channel Medium Access Control(MAC) protocol works on the WiFi channel and the terahertz channel.

zh-cn	多对节点同时在太赫兹信道传输数据存在波束重叠干扰问题，这会使消息传输的成功率和网络吞吐量下降。
en-us	If multiple pairs of nodes simultaneously transmit data in the terahertz channel, the problem of beam overlap interference occurs, which will reduce the message transmission success rate and network throughput.

zh-cn	另外，在WiFi信道进行控制消息交互时存在的控制开销冗余问题会导致信道利用率低。
en-us	In addition, there is also a control overhead redundancy problem when the WiFi channel is exchanged for control messages, resulting in channel utilization low.

zh-cn	基于这两个问题，文章提出了一种避免波束干扰的高效太赫兹双信道MAC协议(E-ABIMAC)。
en-us	Considering these two issues, the article proposes an Efficient Terahertz Dual-channel MAC Protocol to Avoid Beam Interference(E-ABIMAC).

zh-cn	E-ABIMAC分为波束干扰预判机制、中继辅助机制和基于节点信息省略允许发送帧/确认帧(CTS/ACK)机制。
en-us	E-ABIMAC is divided into beam interference pre-judgment mechanism, relay assistance mechanism and node information omission based Clear to Send frame/Acknowledgement frame(CTS/ACK) mechanism.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，与现有的MIMO太赫兹通信网络双信道MAC协议相比，所提协议的网络吞吐量提升了10. 1%，
en-us	The simulation results show that compared with the existing dual-channel MAC protocol for MIMO terahertz communication networks, the network throughput of the proposed protocol is increased by 10. 1%,

zh-cn	信道利用率提升了11. 7%，
en-us	the channel utilization rate is increased by 11. 7%,

zh-cn	消息传输成功率提升了6. 5%。
en-us	and the message transmission success rate is increased by 6. 5%.

zh-cn	针对5G中下行正交频分复用(OFDM)系统由于多普勒频移和发送机与接收机晶振不同步引起频率误差导致接收机解调信号出错的问题，文章提出了一种主同步信号(PSS)和辅助同步信号(SSS)联合的频偏估计算法。
en-us	Aiming at the problems of signal demodulation in 5 G downlink Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM) system due to Doppler frequency shift and frequency error caused by the non-synchronized transmitter and receiver crystal oscillators, a Primary Synchronization Signal(PSS) and Secondary Synchronization Signal(SSS) combined frequency offset estimation algorithm is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，对接收端的PSS和SSS分别与本地PSS和SSS进行互相关运算，
en-us	Firstly, the cross correlation values of the PSS and SSS at the receiving end are calculated with the local PSS and SSS, respectively.

zh-cn	其次将同一时隙第1个同步信号和物理广播信道块(PBCH)(SSB)的PSS互相关结果与第2个SSB的SSS互相关结果进行互相关运算计算初始频偏值;
en-us	Then, the PSS cross-correlation result of the first synchronization signal and Physical Broadcast Channel(PBC) block is used to calculate the initial frequency offset value with the SSS cross-correlation results of the second SSB block.

zh-cn	最后用同一个SSB中的PSS互相关结果和SSS互相关结果作互相关运算计算新的频偏值，
en-us	Finally, we use the PSS cross-correlation results and SSS cross-correlation results in the same SSB block to perform cross-correlation calculations to calculate the new frequency offset value,

zh-cn	并采用初始的频偏值对其进行极性修正，从而得到最终频偏。
en-us	and also use the initial frequency offset value to correct its polarity to obtain the final frequency offset.

zh-cn	与基于PSS的频偏估计算法相比，该方法利用PSS和SSS进行联合频偏估计，提高了算法精度，同时将估计范围从[-3. 5，3. 5] kHz扩大到了[-7. 0，7. 0] kHz。
en-us	Compared with the PSS-based frequency offset estimation algorithm, this method uses PSS and SSS for joint frequency offset estimation to improve the accuracy of the algorithm, and expands the estimation range from [-3. 5, 3. 5] kHz to [-7. 0, 7. 0] kHz.

zh-cn	智慧矿井平台能够提高采矿产量，其中通信、定位和传感系统能够保证矿工和矿物的安全。
en-us	Intelligent mine platform is able to increase mining production, among which communication, positioning and sensing system can guarantee miner and mineral safe.

zh-cn	传统射频信号带宽不足、衰减严重和通信设备笨重等因素限制了其在矿井中的应用，
en-us	However, the lack of bandwidth of traditional redio frequency signal, serious attenuation and heavy communication equipment limit its application in mine.

zh-cn	第五代移动通信技术可应用在矿井下，但依然存在电磁干扰问题。
en-us	5 G signals can be applied in mines, but electromagnetic interference is still existed.

zh-cn	无线光信号具有免疫电磁干扰和带宽宽的优势，而且无线光通信、定位和传感可借助矿井下光源设施，减少了通信设备成本和损耗。
en-us	The wireless optical signal has the advantages of immune electromagnetic interference and high bandwidth, and the wireless optical communication, positioning and sensing can rely on the underground light source facilities, which reduce the cost and loss of communication equipment.

zh-cn	文章分别从无线光传播特性、通信方案、定位和传感几个方面介绍了矿井无线光研究现状，
en-us	This paper introduces the research status of mine wireless light from the aspects of wireless light propagation characteristics, wireless light communication scheme, wireless light positioning and wireless light sensing.

zh-cn	最后对矿井无线光通信小区布设、光源设计、中继方案和矿车防碰撞的发展进行了展望。
en-us	Finally, we forecast the development of mine wireless light communication district layout, light source design, relay scheme and mine car collision prevention.

zh-cn	针对目前串行量子随机数发生器方案中，量子模式提取的信号带宽与数据处理速率之间的权衡在实时产生速率方面造成了瓶颈，
en-us	At present, the tradeoff between electronic bandwidth in quantum mode extraction and data processing rate create a bottleneck in real-time generation ratio in such serial-type Quantum Random Number Generator(QRNG) scheme.

zh-cn	文章利用现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）对多个量子边带模式的并行托普利茨（Toeplitz）哈希实时后处理，研究分析了不同规模Toeplitz矩阵的逻辑资源占用，设计了两层并行流水线算法并进行了仿真验证，充分利用FPGA的并行处理优势和硬件资源，
en-us	To solve the problem, we investigate parallel Toeplitz-hashing post-processing of multiple quantum sideband modes within one Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA). Logic source occupation for different Toeplitz matrices is analyzed and two-layer parallel pipeline algorithm is delicately designed to fully exploit the advantage of parallel algorithm and hardware source of the FPGA. A simulation is conducted to verify the design.

zh-cn	最终实现了实时速率8.24 Gbit/s的量子随机数安全后处理。
en-us	This work finally achieves a real-time random number generation rate about 8. 24 Gbit/s.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，量子随机数发生器的熵源具有较好的随机性，
en-us	The experimental results show that the entropy source of the quantum random number generator has good randomness.

zh-cn	经后处理后的随机数自相关系数保持在10-4量级且能通过Diehard测试。
en-us	After the post-processing, the coefficient of the autocorrelation function of the random numbers remain in the order of 10-4 and the random numbers can pass the Diehard test.

zh-cn	通过与集成电路匹配并行提取多个量子边带模式，实现了一种可商业化的高鲁棒性、高速实时量子随机数发生器。
en-us	Matching up with integrated circuit for parallel extraction of multiple quantum sideband modes, our demonstration shows a robust, extensible, high-speed and real-time QRNG, which has the potential for commercialization.

zh-cn	针对千兆无源光网络系统无法满足一些新服务的问题，如分辨率不断增长的互联网视频协议要求，文章提出了一种改进的GIANT动态带宽分配(DBA)算法。
en-us	The Gigabit Passive Optical Network(GPON) systems cannot meet some new service problems, such as increasing resolution requirements of video broadcasting in Internet Protocol Television(IPTV). In order to solve these issues, an improved GIANT Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation(DBA) algorithm is proposed.

zh-cn	通过传输容器(T-CONT)的优先级划分带宽，将T-CONT1的带宽分配给每个分配标识，其主要目的是降低数据、视频和语音等服务的延迟。
en-us	By prioritizing the bandwidth of T-CONT, the bandwidth of T-CONT 1 is allocated to each Alloc-ID. Its main purpose is to reduce the delay of data, video, voice and other services.

zh-cn	所提算法将这些服务表示为传输容器，用于动态地改进无源光网络系统的上行带宽分配和传输状态。
en-us	The proposed algorithm represents these services as transport containers, which are used to dynamically improve the uplink bandwidth allocation and transmission state of Passive Optical Network(PON) systems.

zh-cn	仿真实验验证了所提算法的有效性，
en-us	The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by simulation results.

zh-cn	与不带DBA的方法和使用未修改的GIANT算法相比，所提算法可以显著降低超文本传输协议(HTTP)服务与"三合一"服务的延迟，
en-us	Compared with the DBA-free method and the unmodified GIANT algorithm, the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the latency of Hyper Text Transfer Protocol(HTTP) service and triple-play service.

zh-cn	将HTTP服务和视频点播服务的延迟分别降低了0.30和0. 35 ms。
en-us	The latency of HTTP and Video on Demand(VoD) services are reduced by 0. 30 and 0. 35 ms, respectively.

zh-cn	针对网络控制平面可能被迫设置较低信道比特率和改进调制格式的问题，
en-us	The network control plane may be forced to lower the bit rate per channel and the order of modulation format.

zh-cn	文章提出了一种基于模糊C均值(FCM)的认知算法，在软件定义光网络(SDON)中进行学习和决策制定。
en-us	A cognitive algorithm based on Fuzzy C Mean(FCM) technology is proposed to make learning and decision making in the Software Defined Optical Network(SDON).

zh-cn	首先，将FCM算法加入到SDON控制平面，以实现比非认知性控制平面更好的网络性能;
en-us	First, the FCM algorithm is added to the SDON control plane to achieve better network performance than the non-cognitive control plane.

zh-cn	然后，利用FCM算法，根据光信道传输质量，实时和自主地确定高速灵活速率的转发器的调制格式;
en-us	Then, according to the transmission quality of the optical channel, the modulation format of the high-speed flexible rate repeater is determined independently in real time by using FCM algorithm.

zh-cn	最后，通过长距离传输网络的计算模拟，对FCM算法的性能进行了评价，
en-us	Finally, the performance of the FCM algorithm is evaluated through the computation of the long distance transmission network,

zh-cn	并将其与SDON中常用的基于案例的推理(CBR)算法进行了比较。
en-us	which is then compared with the common Case Based Reasoning(CBR) algorithm in the optical cognitive network.

zh-cn	结果表明，与CBR算法相比，FCM算法在快速性和误差避免方面性能更优。
en-us	The results show that FCM algorithm performs better in speediness and error avoidance compared with CBR algorithm.

zh-cn	为将400 Gbit/s高速率应用于超长站距无中继光传输系统，
en-us	In order to realize high transmission rate of 400 Gbit/s per wavelength in ultra-long span optical transmission system.

zh-cn	首先对400 Gbit/s双偏振-四进制正交幅度调制(DP-16QAM)及400 Gbit/s双偏振-八进制正交幅度调制(DP-64QAM)两种高阶调制码型及其对应的光信噪比(OSNR)要求进行了研究，
en-us	The Optical-to-Signal Noise Ratio(OSNR) performances of high order modulation formats such as Dual Polarization-16 Quadrature Amplitude Mudulation(DP-16 QAM) and DP-64 QAM are studied at first.

zh-cn	然后通过实验研究了两种码型背靠背OSNR的要求及入纤光功率与误码率的关系，
en-us	Then the relationship between launched optical power and Bit Error Ration(BER) is studied by experiments.

zh-cn	最后搭建了具有前后向拉曼放大器的400 Gbit/s超长距光传输链路，通过实验测试了两种码型对应的最远单跨传输距离。
en-us	Finally, the longest transmission distances are tested by using these two modulation formats and a bidirectionally Raman pumped amplifier.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，400 Gbit/s DP-16QAM在G. 652光纤上利用双向拉曼光放大器最远可以传输286 km，对于电力长跨距来说基本满足了大部分的应用场合。
en-us	The test results show that the 400 Gbit/s DP-16 QAM optical transmission system can reach 286 km by using Raman optical amplifiers, and it's suitable for most ultra-long span power communication scenarios.

zh-cn	高速窄带电力线通信(HNPLC)多用户实时动态频谱管理(DSM)是确保HNPLC满足泛在感知终端接入性能需求的极佳选择。
en-us	High-speed Narrowband Power Line Communication(HNPLC) multiuser real-time Dynamic Spectrum Management(DSM) is an excellent choice to ensure the access performance requirements of the ubiquitous sensing terminals.

zh-cn	采用子载波分组和实时选取一种最优调制方式的方法，既显著提升了多用户传输的可靠性和传输速率，又有效减少了信令和资源开销。
en-us	Subcarrier grouping and real-time selection of a unique modulation type for all terminals not only ensure the reliability and transmission rate of multiuser transmission, but also reduce the resource and signaling overhead.

zh-cn	线上实验证明，所述HNPLC多用户实时DSM使系统的传输速率提升至传统方法的5倍多，可满足实用化需求。
en-us	Online experiments show that the HNPLC multiuser real-time DSM improves the transmission rate by about 5 times when compared with the traditional method, which completely meets the practical requirements.

zh-cn	针对下一代动态光网络，光纤长度可能根据链路需要随时变化，以及由于光纤老化造成色散参量变化等因素可能造成链路中的色散值在接收端很难提前预知，
en-us	For the next generation of dynamic optical networks, the fiber length of the transmission link may change dynamically according to the requirement of the optical networks and the chromatic dispersion coefficient may also change due to the aging of optical fiber, which result in the difficulty in the prediction of the cumulative chromatic dispersion value in the transmission link at the receiver side.

zh-cn	因此要求未来光网络节点中的接收端能够自适应地估计出色散值然后补偿信号。
en-us	Thus, it is required that the receiver in the future optical network node can adaptively estimate the cumulative chromatic dispersion for the future compensation process.

zh-cn	文章在光网络节点的数字相干接收机中提出了一种基于峰均值功率比的色散估计算法，
en-us	In this paper, a chromatic dispersion estimation scheme based on the peak to average power ratio is proposed in the digital coherent receiver of optical network nodes.

zh-cn	并在224 Gbit/s偏振复用(PDM)-16正交振幅调制(QAM)和336 Gbit/s PDM-64QAM的多种长距离传输(400、800、1 200、1 600和2 000 km标准单模光纤(SSMF))系统中验证了其可行性及有效性。
en-us	The proposed scheme has been demonstrated in a series of long-haul transmission links of 224 Gbit/s Polarization Division Multiplexing(PDM)-16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(QAM) and 336 Gbit/s PDM-64 QAM systems with 400、800、1 200、1 600 and 2 000 km Standard Single Mode Fiber(SSMF).

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，文章所提算法具有很好的色散估计精度，色散估计标准差低于100 ps/nm。
en-us	The results show that the proposed scheme can achieve good dispersion estimation accuracy(the standard deviation is less than 100 ps/nm).

zh-cn	该算法对偏振模色散(PDM)和偏振相关损耗(PDL)具有较强的容忍性，例如群速度时延(DGD)低于15 ps及PDL在7 dB以内时，算法都可实现很好的估计精度。
en-us	Meanwhile, the proposed scheme has good tolerance for Polarization Mode Dispersion(PMD) and Polarization Dependent Loss(PDL)(when the Differential Group Delay(DGD) is less than 15 ps and the PDL is less than 7 dB, the proposed scheme can achieve good estimation accuracy. ).

zh-cn	同时该算法对非线性效应也具有较强的容忍性。
en-us	In addition, the proposed scheme also has good tolerance for the fiber nonlinearity effect.

zh-cn	针对新疆等地域辽阔地区的电力光缆难以运维的难题，文章提出在光纤自动交换技术和光功率放大技术的基础上，对几种超长程光路补偿、切换和在线监测方案进行模拟，
en-us	In view of the difficulty in the operation and maintenance of power optical cables in Xinjiang and other large areas, we first investigate several schemes for the compensation, switching and online monitoring of optical path, which are based on optical fiber automatic switching technology and optical power amplification technology.

zh-cn	进而提出了超长程光缆主备光纤调度及测试的有效方案。
en-us	Then we propose an effective solution for the scheduling and testing of the main and backup optical fibers of the ultra-long-haul optical cable.

zh-cn	结果表明，该方案适用于超长程光缆调度与监测，
en-us	The results show that the scheme is suitable for the scheduling and monitoring of ultra-long-range optical cables,

zh-cn	可为未来超长程光缆网络智能运维系统的构建奠定基础。
en-us	and it can lay the foundation for the construction of intelligent operation and maintenance systems for ultra-long-range optical cables in the future.

zh-cn	针对信道数变化等原因造成的剩余信道输出增益漂移现象，研究了一种竞争型全光增益控制放大器，可以实现对宽输入功率范围信号的增益控制。
en-us	Aiming at the phenomenon of surplus channel output gain drift caused by channel number variation, a competitive all-optical gain control amplifier is studied, which can realize the gain control of signals with wide input power range.

zh-cn	对光功率在-40～5 dBm范围内的输入光，将增益漂移量由22. 0 dB降低至0. 4 dB。
en-us	For the input power ranging from-40 to 5 dBm, the gain variation is reduced from 22. 0 to 0. 4 dB.

zh-cn	在多信道情况下，将信道数变化和信道功率变化引起的增益漂移量分别降低至0. 23和0. 10 dB。
en-us	In addition, in the case of multiple channels, the gain variation caused by change of channel number and channel power is reduced to 0. 23 dB and 0. 10 dB, respectively.

zh-cn	该放大器的工作范围与控制幅度都要优于传统的全光增益方法，对于控制剩余信道输出增益稳定具有重要参考价值。
en-us	The operating range and control amplitude of the amplifier are better than the traditional all-optical gain method, which has important reference value for controlling the stability of the output gain of the remaining channel.

zh-cn	针对填充液体的光子晶体光纤温度传感器灵敏度较低的问题，文章提出了一种基于模式耦合的高灵敏光子晶体光纤温度传感器，
en-us	Aiming at the problem of low sensitivity of liquid-filled photonic crystal fiber temperature sensor, a high-sensitivity photonic crystal fiber temperature sensor based on mode-coupling principle is proposed.

zh-cn	光子晶体光纤的纤芯作为传光通道，填充液态乙醇和氯仿的液芯作为耦合通道，
en-us	We use the core of photonic crystal fiber as the light transmission channel and the liquid core filled with ethanol and chloroform as the coupling channel.

zh-cn	当纤芯与液芯发生模式耦合时，纤芯的限制损耗谱会出现一个狭窄的损耗尖峰。
en-us	When the mode coupling occurs between the fiber core and liquid core, a narrow high loss peak is formed in the confinement loss spectrum.

zh-cn	损耗峰的位置随温度的变化而漂移。
en-us	The position of the loss peak shifts with the change of temperature.

zh-cn	光子晶体光纤的纤芯和液芯相互独立，可以分别调整其传输特性。
en-us	Because the core and the liquid core of the photonic crystal fiber are independent of each other, their transmission characteristics can be adjusted respectively.

zh-cn	利用有限差分算法对传感器的特性进行了仿真研究，
en-us	The properties of this sensor are analyzed by the finite difference method.

zh-cn	结果表明，设计的光纤结构具有良好的温度传感特性，耦合波长随温度升高而红移，
en-us	Results show that the designed optical fiber structure has good temperature sensing characteristics, and the coupling wavelength is red-shift with the increase of temperature.

zh-cn	在10～35℃范围内，温度检测灵敏度最高可达44.16 nm/℃，光纤结构参数的变化对灵敏度影响较小。
en-us	The maximum sensitivity of temperature detection is up to 44. 16 nm/℃ between 10℃ and 35℃, and the influence of fiber structure parameters on the sensitivity is not obvious.

zh-cn	针对目前位移传感器体积较大和分辨率较低的问题，文章设计了一种面内位移检测的双层纳米光栅结构，
en-us	Aiming at the problem of large volume and low resolution of displacement sensor, this paper designs a nano-grating structure for in-plane displacement detection.

zh-cn	用耦合波理论阐述光栅的衍射性质，
en-us	The coupled wave theory is used to illustrate the diffraction properties of the grating.

zh-cn	使用Gsolver软件对双层光栅的上下两层光栅间隙、光栅周期、光栅占空比以及入射波长进行了优化仿真分析，
en-us	The grating gap, grating period, grating duty cycle and incident wavelength of the two-layer grating are optimized and analyzed by Gsolver software.

zh-cn	研究在各参数下，双层纳米光栅面内位移对衍射效率的影响，
en-us	The effects of the in-plane displacement of the double-layer grating on the diffraction efficiency under various parameters are studied.

zh-cn	最终得到一组对位移敏感的光栅结构。
en-us	Finally, a set of displacement-sensitive grating structures is obtained.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，当两层光栅间隔为200 nm、光栅厚度为390 nm、光栅周期为800 nm以及入射光的波长为850 nm时，双层光栅的光透射特性较好。
en-us	The simulation results show that the light transmission characteristics of the double-layered grating are better when the two-layer grating gap is 200 nm, the grating thickness is 390 nm, the grating period is 800 nm, and the incident light wavelength is 850 nm.

zh-cn	可通过检测透射光强的变化来获得光栅的面内微位移。
en-us	The in-plane micro-displacement of the grating can be obtained by detecting changes in transmitted light intensity.

zh-cn	室内可见光通信系统是缓解无线频谱资源紧缺以及未来用户群接入需求日趋增长问题的有效解决方案之一，
en-us	Indoor visible light communication system is one of the effective solutions to alleviate the problem of shortage of wireless spectrum resources and the growing demand for future user group access.

zh-cn	文章针对室内可见光通信系统的链路切换算法进行研究分析，
en-us	In this paper, we first study and analyze the link switching algorithm of indoor visible light communication system.

zh-cn	提出了一种基于时隙计算的预测切换算法，
en-us	Then we propose a slot-based calculation Predictive switching algorithm.

zh-cn	分析了链路切换算法对系统的重要性，并利用到达时间差定位法和探测时隙提出了一种基于时隙计算的预测切换算法，
en-us	Next, we analyze the importance of the link switching algorithm to the system, and use the arrival time difference positioning method and the detection slot to design a predictive switching algorithm based on slot calculation.

zh-cn	该算法可以提前预测终端需要切换到哪个微小区，从而降低系统的切换开销。
en-us	The proposed method can predict which small terminal needs to be switched to area, thereby reducing the switching overhead of the system.

zh-cn	最后对该算法提升室内可见光通信系统切换性能的能力进行了仿真测试，
en-us	Finally, a simulation is conducted to test the switching performance of the indoor visible light communication system.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该算法有较高的预测切换成功率，可以高效地减少系统的切换开销。
en-us	The results show that the algorithm has a higher predicted switching success rate, which can effectively reduce the system switching overhead.

zh-cn	针对传统的半模基片集成波导漏波天线存在开放边界处能量泄露以及无法进行连续波束扫描的问题，文章提出了一种带有折叠接地面的半模基片集成波导漏波天线。
en-us	Aiming at the problems of energy leakage at the open boundary and the failure of continuous beam scanning in the traditional half-mode substrate integrated waveguide leaky-wave antenna, a half-mode substrate integrated waveguide leaky wave antenna with folded ground plane is proposed.

zh-cn	通过在波导表面周期性加载具有横向与纵向缝隙的辐射单元，抑制了侧向辐射的开放阻带效应，
en-us	By periodically loading radiation elements of transverse and longitudinal slots on the surface of the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, the open stopband effect of the broadside radiation is suppressed,

zh-cn	使得天线能够实现从后向至前向的连续波束扫描。
en-us	enabling the antenna to achieve continuous beam scanning from backward to forward.

zh-cn	该天线可在9～13 GHz的工作频段内实现-51～24°，总计75°的宽角度波束扫描，
en-us	The operating frequency band of the antenna is 9～13 GHz, achieving a wide beam scanning range from-51 to 24 °, namely 75 ° in total.

zh-cn	实际测量的增益范围在6.9～12. 3 dBi之间。
en-us	The actual measured gain range is between 6. 9～12. 3 dBi.

zh-cn	由于波导的开放边界处设置了金属化通孔阵列，使得天线增益明显提高。
en-us	Since the metal vias array is arranged at the open boundary of the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, the gain can be significantly improved.

zh-cn	相比以往报道的同类型天线，文章提出的天线具有更大的波束扫描范围与扫描灵敏度，
en-us	Compared with the same type of antennas previously reported, the proposed antenna exhibits a larger beam scanning range and higher scanning sensitivity.

zh-cn	该天线可应用于无线通信和波束扫描雷达系统中。
en-us	The antenna has the potential to be applied in wireless communication and beam scanning radar systems.

zh-cn	噪声传递特性是传送网承载设备的典型时钟同步特性之一。
en-us	Noise transfer characteristic is a typical clock synchronization characteristic of network element in transport network.

zh-cn	针对传统选频法测试效率较低，且难以全面反映设备带内增益情况的问题，
en-us	Traditional frequency selection method is inefficient, and it is difficult to display the in band gain of the device fully.

zh-cn	文章通过对时间偏差(TDEV)特性和噪声传递频率响应关系的分析，提出了基于TDEV的时钟噪声传递特性估算方法。
en-us	Through the analysis of the relationship between Time Deviation(TDEV) and noise transfer frequency response, an improved noise estimation method based on TDEV is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该方法有效解决了现有选频法在测试效率或测试精度方面的不足，
en-us	The experimental results show that the proposed method effectively solves the shortcomings of the existing frequency selection method for the aspect of testing efficiency or accuracy.

zh-cn	可更好地满足现有承载设备时钟和面向5G超高精度的增强型同步以太时钟噪声传递特性的测试需求。
en-us	It is believed that the proposed method can meet the test requirements of the traditional carrier network equipment clock and the enhanced synchronous ethernet equipment clock noise transfer characteristics for 5 G ultra-high precision.

zh-cn	5G物理层以帧为单位进行信息传递，
en-us	The 5G physical layer transmits information in frames.

zh-cn	帧同步点的准确与否将极大程度地影响后续信道的性能。
en-us	The accuracy of the frame synchronization point will greatly affect the performance of subsequent channels.

zh-cn	针对现行同步算法检测同步点不准确的问题，文章分析了主同步信号(PSS)序列的三阶相关特性，根据此特性提出并实现了一种新型定时同步算法。
en-us	Aiming at the problem that the current synchronization algorithm detects inaccurate synchronization points, this article analyzes the third-order correlation characteristic of the Primary Synchronization Signal(PSS) sequence, and proposes a new timing synchronization algorithm based on this characteristic.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，当信噪比下降至-7 dB时，新算法检测同步点的准确率比传统算法提高了20%。
en-us	Simulation results show that when the signal-to-noise ratio drops to-7 dB, the accuracy of the proposed algorithm for detecting synchronization points is improved by 20% compared with the traditional algorithm.

zh-cn	新算法的空间复杂度与传统算法一致，时间复杂度的增加也在5G同步过程的允许范围之内。
en-us	The space complexity of the new algorithm is consistent with the traditional algorithm, and the increase in time complexity is also within the allowable range of the 5G synchronization process.

zh-cn	针对无线通信传统接收机的信道估计和译码分开处理是次优的问题，文章提出了一种联合信道估计和极化码译码的接收机模型。
en-us	In wireless communication, this separation of channel estimation and decoding is known to be sub-optimal in traditional receivers, so we propose a receiver model for joint channel estimation and polar code decoding.

zh-cn	根据极化码译码器级联的循环冗余校验码的校验信息，接收机将译码器中部分硬判决信息再编码，然后将得到的码字反馈到信道估计器中，
en-us	According to the result of the Cyclic Redundancy Check(CRC) code in decoders, the receiver will select some hard decision information to re-encode, and feedback the codeword to the channel estimator.

zh-cn	此时相当于接收机挑选了部分码字比特作为导频，信道估计器根据新的导频重新进行信道估计。
en-us	At this time, it means that the receiver will select some codeword bits as the pilots, and the channel estimator will estimate the channel state information based on the new pilots again.

zh-cn	文章提出的接收机模型及算法不仅减少了信道估计中导频的开销，还使得信道估计和译码两个过程相互促进，从而改善了极化码的误帧率。
en-us	The proposed receiver model and corresponding algorithm in this paper not only reduce the resources occupied by the pilots, but also boost the estimation and decoding, which can improve the performance of frame error rate.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，当归一化多普勒等于0. 02时，文章提出的基于硬判决反馈的接收机相比于传统的接收机有2 dB的性能增益。
en-us	For fast fading channel with the normalized Doppler spread of 0. 02, 2 dB performance improvement will be achieved when comparing with the traditional receiver.

zh-cn	多年来一直在使用的船舶自动识别系统(AIS)作为一种海上监视和导航的通信系统，
en-us	The Automatic Identification System(AIS), which has been used for many years, is a communication system for maritime surveillance and navigation,

zh-cn	其服务范围被限制在40海里。
en-us	and its service scope is limited to 40 nautical miles.

zh-cn	近年来，一种新的基于卫星的AIS被提出，该系统能提供全球覆盖服务，
en-us	In recent years, a new satellite-based AIS has been proposed, which can provide global coverage services.

zh-cn	然而其存在由相对卫星/船舶运动引起的频率偏移问题。
en-us	However, it encounters frequency offset caused by relative satellite/ship motion.

zh-cn	为了更好地解决这一问题，文章提出了一种新的基于多普勒频移估计算法的星载多普勒频移估计算法，利用二阶矩阵及四阶矩阵等代数运算，从信号中提取多普勒频移，并给出了估计表达式。
en-us	In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a new Doppler shift estimation algorithm. The second-order matrix and the fourth-order matrix are used to extract the doppler shift from the signal, and the estimation expression is then provided.

zh-cn	最后，通过数值仿真验证了该算法的有效性，仿真结果还验证了该算法的优越性。
en-us	Finally, the validity of the method is verified by numerical simulation, and the superiority of the method is verified by simulation results.

zh-cn	对于上行免调度的多用户共享接入(MUSA)方案，用户具备随机突发接入系统的特性，
en-us	For the uplink grant-free Multi-User Shared Access(MUSA) scheme, the user has the characteristics of access system randomly,

zh-cn	用户信号具有稀疏性，可利用压缩感知的相关算法进行多用户检测。
en-us	and the user signal has sparseness, which can use the relevant algorithm of compression perception for multi-user detection.

zh-cn	针对活跃用户数未知的情况，文章提出了基于验证误差的正交匹配追踪(VE-OMP)多用户检测算法。
en-us	In view of the unknown number of active users, a multi-user detection algorithm based on Validation Error Orthogonal Matching Pursuit(VE-OMP) is proposed.

zh-cn	所提算法利用误差在迭代次数等于用户稀疏度时能够达到最小值来估计稀疏度，
en-us	The proposed algorithm can estimate the sparsity by using the error to reach the minimum value when the number of iterations is equal to the user's sparsity.

zh-cn	且验证误差的思想移植性强，可用于块稀疏压缩感知。
en-us	It is also noted that the idea of verifying the error has strong portability, which can be used for block sparse compression sensing.

zh-cn	考虑基站端配备多天线的情况，将发送信号转为块稀疏模型，
en-us	Considering that the base station is equipped with multiple antennas, the transmission signal is transformed into a block sparse model.

zh-cn	提出验证误差的块稀疏正交匹配追踪(VE-BOMP)算法进行活跃用户数据检测。
en-us	A Validation Error Block Sparse Orthogonal Matching Pursuit(VE-BOMP) algorithm is also proposed to detect active user data.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，VE-OMP算法能够在稀疏度未知的情况下对多用户同时进行活跃性估计和数据检测，
en-us	The simulation results show that the VE-OMP algorithm can jointly detect the activity and data of the users under the condition of unknown sparsity.

zh-cn	VE-BOMP算法可用于多天线接收系统，其检测性能随天线数的增加而提高。
en-us	The VE-BOMP algorithm can also be used in multi antenna receiving system, and its detection performance increases with the increase of the number of antennas.

zh-cn	大范围灾难的发生将导致多个数据中心同时毁坏，现有内容备份策略无法完全恢复所有数据。因此，在灾难发生前需对灾难区域内数据进行转移。
en-us	A large-scale disaster will affect multiple data centers of an optical cloud network and the contents stored in these data centers should be evacuated for recovery as soon as possible.

zh-cn	文章研究了内容分块(CF)数据中心光网络灾前的快速数据转移问题，
en-us	This paper addresses the problem of data evacuation in a Content-Fragmentation(CF) based optical cloud network before a large-scale disaster.

zh-cn	构建了混合整数线性规划(MILP)模型并提出了最小时延(LD)快速数据转移算法(简称LD算法)。
en-us	We formulate this problem as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming(MILP) model and develop an efficient Least Delay(LD) based evacuation algorithm.

zh-cn	LD算法的性能与MILP模型非常接近，整个网络数据转移时间接近最优解。
en-us	Numerical results show that the performance of proposed LD algorithm is similar to that of the MILP model.

zh-cn	此外，仿真结果表明，在相同数据冗余度下，采用LD算法的CF数据中心光网络比内容复制数据中心光网络最多节省42%的数据转移时间。
en-us	In addition, compared to the content replication scheme, the CF based optical cloud network using LD algorithm always takes shorter times to evacuate data.

zh-cn	卢比变换(LT)码是第一种具有实用价值的数字喷泉码。
en-us	The Luby Transform(LT)codes is the first digital fountain codes that has practical values.

zh-cn	LT码在噪声信道中具有良好的性能，且已在自由空间光通信(FSO)中广泛应用。
en-us	LT codes can demonstrate excellent performance in noisy channels, and it has been widely applied in Free Space Optical Communications(FSO).

zh-cn	文章首先简要说明了LT码的基本原理，列举了LT码与其他几种FSO中常用的编码方案的优缺点。
en-us	In this article, the basic principle of LT codes is introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of LT codes and other common encoding schemes for FSO are listed.

zh-cn	然后，概括了国内外对LT码在FSO系统中应用的研究进展，
en-us	Besides that, the progress of both domestic and foreign research on the applications of LT codes in FSO systems is summarized.

zh-cn	并从新型度分布和改进的译码方案两个角度详细介绍了LT码在FSO系统中应用的性能优化方案。
en-us	Then, the strategies for enhancing the performance of LT codes in FSO systems are elaborately described in two aspects, i. e. , novel degree distributions and improved decoding schemes.

zh-cn	最后，指出了现有LT码相关研究的不完善之处，对LT码在FSO中的未来研究方向提出了展望。
en-us	Finally, the incompletions of the existing research on LT codes are indicated, and some directions of further research on LT codes in FSO are depicted.

zh-cn	针对两对被时间延迟分开的脉冲会根据相位和时延的变化影响脉冲间的传输特性，且在脉冲重叠区域会受到交叉相位调制的影响发生干涉现象的问题，
en-us	For the two pairs of pulses separated by time delay, the transmission characteristics between the pulses will be affected according to the changes of phase and delay, and the interference phenomenon will occur in the pulse overlap area due to the influence of cross-phase modulation.

zh-cn	文章提出了在色散渐减光纤环镜中观察脉冲对的传输特性，
en-us	The article proposes to observe the transmission characteristics of pulse pairs in a dispersion-decreasing fiber loop mirror.

zh-cn	研究结果表明，可根据脉冲对之间的相位和时延变化，观察脉冲对的时域特性和啁啾特性，
en-us	The research results show that according to the changes in phase and delay between the pulse pairs, the time domain characteristics and chirp characteristics of the pulse pairs can be observed,

zh-cn	分析脉冲对在不同情况下的传输特性。
en-us	and the transmission characteristics of the pulse pairs under different conditions are analyzed.

zh-cn	针对可见光通信中直流偏置光-正交频分复用(DCO-OFDM)系统存在的高峰均功率比(PAPR)问题，可采用选择性映射算法来降低系统的PAPR。
en-us	To solve the problem of high Peak to Average Power Ratio(PAPR) in Direct Current biased Optical-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(DCO-OFDM) system in visible light communication, the selective mapping method can be used to reduce the PAPR of the system.

zh-cn	由于选择性映射算法只能在有限组相位旋转序列里选择局部最优，因此引入遗传算法来搜索全局最优解，
en-us	Because the selective mapping algorithm can only select the local optimum in a limited set of phase rotation sequences, the genetic algorithm is introduced to search for the global optimum solution.

zh-cn	同时针对遗传算法容易产生过早收敛的问题，文章提出自适应调整机制、自适应多点交叉机制、最优解保护机制和立即淘汰机制来改进遗传算法，
en-us	Meanwhile, the genetic algorithm has the problem of premature convergence. In order to solve this issue, we apply several methods including the adaptive adjustment mechanism, the adaptive multi-point crossover mechanism, the optimal solution protection mechanism and the immediate elimination mechanism to improve the genetic algorithm.

zh-cn	进而提出改进型遗传选择性映射算法(IGA-SLM)。
en-us	Therefore, an Improved Genetic Algorithm-Selected Mapping(IGA-SLM) is proposed.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该算法可显著降低可见光通信DCO-OFDM系统的PAPR。
en-us	The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the PAPR of DCO-OFDM system.

zh-cn	光纤中传输的信号会受到衰减、色散和非线性效应的影响导致波形或频谱中包含的信号失真，
en-us	Signals transmitted in the optical fiber are affected by attenuation, dispersion and nonlinear effects, resulting in distortion of the signal contained in the waveform or spectrum.

zh-cn	可采用特征值通信的方式来克服色散和非线性效应。
en-us	Eigenvalue communication is used to overcome dispersion and nonlinear effects.

zh-cn	文章首先使用达布变换(DT)合成孤子信号承载信息，
en-us	In this paper, Darboux Transformation(DT) is used to synthesize soliton signal bearing information.

zh-cn	通过对比非线性傅里叶变换(NFT)中的解析和数值法，选取合适的方法解调恢复信息。
en-us	By comparing with the analytical method and numerical method in Nonlinear Fourier Transform(NFT), the appropriate method is used to demodulate the recovered information.

zh-cn	然后通过仿真实验对特征值通信方式进行了验证，并研究了传输过程中影响特征值的幅度、脉冲持续时间和采样点数等因素，
en-us	The eigenvalue communication method is verified by simulation. The factors such as the amplitude, pulse duration and sampling points of the eigenvalues in the transmission process are studied.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，使用文章所提方法通信距离能达到2 000 km以上。
en-us	The simulation results show that the communication distance can reach more than 2 000 km.

zh-cn	在此基础上，文章还对特征值的选取范围进行优化，使得接收端能够更为准确地解调出特征值承载的信息。
en-us	On this basis, the selection range of the eigenvalues is optimized, so that the information carried by the eigenvalue can be demodulated more accurately at the receiver side.

zh-cn	基于白光发光二极管室内可见光通信系统的调制带宽有限，
en-us	The modulation bandwidth of the white-light Light Emitting Diode(LED) indoor visible light communication system is limited.

zh-cn	在调制带宽受限的条件下，如何进一步提升通信速率成为研究难点。
en-us	Under the condition that the modulation bandwidth is limited, how to further increase the communication speed becomes a hot research topic.

zh-cn	文章设计了一种多进制变幅度变周期的调制技术，给出了调制符号结构及符号参数配置，
en-us	A Multi-ary Variable Amplitude & Period Modulation(MVAPM) technique is designed. The modulation symbol structure and its symbol parameter configuration are given.

zh-cn	详细分析、对比了该调制方式与开关键控、脉冲位置调制和数字脉冲间隔调制方式的带宽需求、传输容量、平均发射功率和误包率。
en-us	The modulation methods based on On-Off Key(OOK), Pulse Position Modulation(PPM) and Digital Pulse Interval Modulation(DPIM) are analyzed and compared in terms of bandwidth requirements, transmission capacity, average transmit power, and packet error rate.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，相对于常用的数字基带调制方式，多进制变幅度变周期的调制技术占用调制带宽低、符号传输容量高且无需符号同步，提高了调制效率，也有效地提高了系统的通信速率。
en-us	The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that compared with the commonly used digital baseband modulation method, MVAPM has the characteristics of lower modulation bandwidth, higher symbol transmission capacity, symbol-free synchronization, higher modulation efficiency, which effectively improves the communication rate of the system.

zh-cn	为支持光子轨道角动量(OAM)模式大容量通信传输，文章探讨了新型OAM信号传输光纤的设计与制备技术，满足大幅度提高通信系统频谱效率和容量对特殊光纤的需求。
en-us	In order to support the large-capacity communication transmission based on Orbital Angular Momentum(OAM), this paper discusses the design and fabrication of new OAM signal transmission fibers to meet the needs of special optical fibers which can greatly improve the spectral efficiency and capacity of communication systems.

zh-cn	文章模拟和评估了OAM模式在不同波导结构光纤中的模式特性和传播效果，
en-us	This paper simulates and evaluates the mode characteristics and propagation effects of OAM modes in optical fibers with different waveguide structures.

zh-cn	同时，针对新型传输需求，通过对精确制备技术进行模拟，研究开发出了保偏型OAM传输光纤和OAM掺铒光纤等支持更多OAM模式稳定传输的新型光纤。
en-us	Moreover, the optical fiber fabrication technology that supports more stable OAM modes transmission, such as polarization-maintaining OAM transmission fiber, is explored through numerical simulation and experimental demonstration.

zh-cn	光电收发模块作为光通信系统中的两个核心模块，承载着电信号转化为光信号与光信号转化为电信号的核心功能，
en-us	As the core module in optical communication system, the optical transceiver module achieves the core function of converting electrical signals into optical signals and optical signals into electrical signals.

zh-cn	其性能对整个通信质量起着决定性作用。
en-us	Its performance plays a decisive role in the overall communication quality.

zh-cn	文章提出一种改进型的高速率、低功耗和低成本4通道25 Gbit/s光电互连收发模块的封装设计，
en-us	This paper proposes an improved high-speed, low power consumption, low-cost 4-channel 25 Gbit/s optoelectronic interconnect transceiver module package design.

zh-cn	在传统的以驱动芯片和调制器为基础作为发端和以探测器和跨阻放大器为基础作为收端的同时，增加时钟数据恢复电路，优化封装结构，通过抑制链路抖动和减小阻抗失配引起的反射来提高通道带宽。
en-us	Based on the traditional driver chip and modulator as the transmitter and the detector and trans-impedance amplifier as the receiver, we add a clock data recovery circuit to the transceiver module and optimize the package structure, and improve link performance by suppressing link jitter and reducing reflection caused by impedance mismatch at the same time.

zh-cn	优化后收发模块的背靠背眼图测试结果显示，在25 Gbit/s速率下，系统的误码率在1E-13以下，且收发模块的总功率仅为3. 9 W。
en-us	The back-to-back eye diagram test results of the optimized transceiver module show that the error rate of the system is below 1 E-13 at 25 Gbit/s, and the total power of the transceiver module is only 3. 9 W.

zh-cn	针对光纤温度传感装置普遍结构复杂且灵敏度偏低的问题，文章提出并仿真验证了一种具有高灵敏度的椭圆形气孔温度传感装置。
en-us	Aiming at the problem that the optical fiber temperature sensing device generally has a complicated structure and low sensitivity, an elliptical stomata temperature sensing device with high sensitivity is proposed and investigated in this paper.

zh-cn	利用表面等离子体技术与光纤温度传感技术相结合实现温度传感。
en-us	Temperature sensing is achieved based on surface plasmon and optical fiber temperature sensing technologies.

zh-cn	在光纤外侧包覆一层金属膜，待测物质使用氯仿酒精混合物作为温度感应物质，通过有限元矢量软件COMSOL进行模拟仿真。
en-us	It is mainly coated with a metal film on the outside of the fiber. The substance under test uses a mixture of chloroform and alcohol as a temperature-sensitive substance, which is simulated through the finite element vector software COMSOL.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，当入射波长由0. 5μm增加到1. 0μm时，其温度测量区间为-20～120℃，
en-us	Simulation results show that when the incident wavelength is increased from 0. 5 μm to 1. 0 μm, the temperature measurement range is-20 ～120 ℃,

zh-cn	可以得到最大光谱灵敏度6 nm/℃，
en-us	the maximum spectral sensitivity is 6 nm/℃,

zh-cn	分辨率为1 337. 12 RIU-1，
en-us	

zh-cn	测量精度为2. 85×10-5 RIU。
en-us	the resolution is 1 337. 12 RIU-1, and the measurement accuracy is 2. 85×10-5 RIU.

zh-cn	针对光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)超声探测传感器测量灵敏度和量程相互制约的问题，文章提出了一种基于法布里珀罗(FP)腔和π相移FBG(π-FBG)的解调方案。
en-us	To balance the trade-off between the measurement sensitivity and range of the Fiber Bragg Grating(FBG) ultrasonic detection sensor, a demodulation scheme based on Fabry Perot(FP) cavity and π-phase-shifted FBG(π-FBG) is proposed.

zh-cn	文章分析了利用FP腔解调的原理并进行了详细的数值仿真分析。
en-us	The principle of demodulation based on FP cavity is analyzed and numerically simulated in detail.

zh-cn	理论分析表明，利用FP腔的两个纵模作为一组解调器同时解调，可将系统灵敏度提高两倍，并且具有很好的线性度。
en-us	A group of demodulators consisting of two longitudinal modes of the FP cavity can double the system sensitivity, and has good linearity.

zh-cn	扩展到多个纵模时可构建解调器阵列，从而极大地提高了系统的量程，
en-us	A demodulator array can be constructed when expanding to multiple modes, which can greatly increase the system range,

zh-cn	有效地解决了测量灵敏度和量程相互制约的问题。
en-us	and effectively balance the trade-off between measurement sensitivity and range.

zh-cn	数值仿真结果表明，该方案在实际可操作参数范围内切实可行，并具有灵敏度高和响应速度快等优势。
en-us	Numerical simulation results show that this scheme is feasible under the practical parameters, and has the merits of high sensitivity and fast response speed.

zh-cn	为了研究挠性光电互联结构在实际工程应用中的可靠性，建立了埋入光纤挠性基板光电互联结构有限元模型，
en-us	In order to study the reliability of the flexible optoelectronic interconnect structure in practical engineering applications, a finite element model of the optoelectronic interconnect structure with optical fiber embedded in flexible substrate is established.

zh-cn	根据光器件Telcordia GR-468标准加载热循环试验条件，对光电互联结构中的焊点应力、光纤应力和光电耦合效率进行仿真分析。
en-us	According to the optical device standard Telcordia GR-468, thermal cycle is loaded. The solder joint stress, fiber stress and optocoupler efficiency is analyzed in the optoelectronic interconnect structure.

zh-cn	热—结构仿真结果表明，焊点和光纤的最大等效应力均在安全范围内，
en-us	The results show that the maximum equivalent stress of the solder joint and the optical fiber is in the safe range under the thermal-structure analysis.

zh-cn	光电耦合产生的最大损耗为0.7 dB，光电传输未受到显著影响，
en-us	The maximum photoelectric coupling loss is 0. 7 dB, which indicates that the effect of photoelectric transmission is not significant.

zh-cn	可以判定挠性光电互联结构在标准热循环作用下能够保证光电传输的稳定性。
en-us	It can be determined that the photoelectric interconnect structure in flexible printed circuit board can ensure the stability of photoelectric transmission under the load of thermal cycle.

zh-cn	在5G移动通信系统中，毫米波的应用可提供更大的带宽和更高的传输速率。
en-us	In 5 G mobile communication systems, millimeter Wave(mmWave) can provide greater bandwidth and higher transmission rates.

zh-cn	5G毫米波基站通过大规模天线阵列发射高增益的定向窄波束以增加信号的覆盖范围。
en-us	The mmWave base station can transmit a high gain directional narrow beam through a large-scale antenna array to increase signal coverage.

zh-cn	在毫米波基站密集部署场景中，用户需要搜索多个基站发出的大量窄波束来找到最优波束，该过程将消耗大量的时间和运算资源。
en-us	When mmWave base station are densely deployed, users have to search a large number of narrow beams which sent by multiple base stations to find the optimal beam. This process can take a lot of time and computational resources.

zh-cn	文章设计了一种多基站场景下的系统模型，重点考虑了用户与基站的布局、大尺度衰落、波束定向增益以及毫米波信道的特性。
en-us	Therefore, this paper designs a system-level simulation model in a multi-base station scenario, focusing on the layout of users and base stations, large-scale fading, beam-orientation gain, and characteristics of mmWave channels.

zh-cn	在此基础上设计了一种基于机器学习的波束搜索算法，
en-us	Finally, a beam search algorithm based on machine learning is designed.

zh-cn	与传统穷举算法相比，该算法具有更低的延时和运算开销。
en-us	Compared with the traditional exhaustive algorithm, this algorithm has lower latency and computational overhead.

zh-cn	针对超密集网络(UDN)下传统切换流程的信令交互过多造成切换总时延的增加，导致用户体验质量下降的问题，
en-us	The excessive signaling delay of the traditional handover process in Ultra-Dense Network(UDN) leads to the increase of the total delay of the handover, which results in the degradation of user experience quality.

zh-cn	文章提出了基于软件定义网络(SDN)和网络功能虚拟化(NFV)融合的超密集网络移动性管理算法，
en-us	This paper proposes an ultra-dense network mobility management algorithm based on the combination of Software Defined Networking(SDN) and Network Function Virtualization(NFV).

zh-cn	该算法给出了将SDN与NFV相结合的适应超密集网络的网络架构模型，
en-us	The algorithm presents a network architecture model that combines SDN and NFV, which adapts to ultra-dense networks.

zh-cn	在此基础上提出了优化的切换信令流程，并建立数学模型，进行性能分析。
en-us	Based on this, an optimized handover signaling process is proposed and a mathematical model is built for performance analysis.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，相较于传统算法，该算法可以减少切换总时延。
en-us	The simulation results show that compared with the traditional algorithm, the algorithm can reduce the total delay of handover.

zh-cn	针对现有无人机自组网(UANET)媒体接入控制协议统计优先级的多址接入协议(SPMA)中存在的满载门限计算过程收敛慢，满载门限不能随信道承载能力自适应变化的问题，
en-us	For the existing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Ad-Hoc Network(UANET)media access control protocol Statistical Priority-based Multiple Access Protocol(SPMA), the full-load threshold calculation process has slow convergence, and the full-load threshold cannot be adaptively changed with the channel carrying capacity.

zh-cn	文章提出了一种低时延UANET阈值自适应接入协议。
en-us	This paper proposes a low-delay UANET threshold adaptive access protocol.

zh-cn	采用信道满载门限快速收敛机制，使系统开机后的阈值计算时间缩短，
en-us	The full-load threshold fast convergence mechanism shortens the threshold calculation time after the system is turned on,

zh-cn	降低了初始阶段堆积数据的传输时延，
en-us	reduces the transmission delay of the accumulated data in the initial stage,

zh-cn	同时采用满载门限自适应调整机制，
en-us	and adopts the full-load threshold adaptive adjustment mechanism.

zh-cn	使系统能在外部信道环境发生变化时自适应调整信道的满载门限，
en-us	Therefore, the system can be adapted when the external channel environment changes.

zh-cn	从而使信道承载能力与实际的信道负载相匹配，
en-us	The full-load threshold of the channel is adjusted, and the channel carrying capacity can match the actual transmission.

zh-cn	当信道承载能力下降时通过调整满载门限在维持吞吐量不变的同时提高了数据传输成功率，降低了数据传输时延。
en-us	When the channel load capacity is reduced, the data can be adjusted to increase the data transmission success rate while maintaining constant throughput with reduced data transmission delay.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该协议在UANET中消息平均时延、成功率和信道利用率等方面的性能优于现有UANET SPMA。
en-us	The simulation results show that the performance of the protocol in the UANET is better than that of the existing UANET SPMA protocol.

zh-cn	文章认为以微纳光场调控及超表面光学技术为代表的手机裸眼3D显示应用，有可能带动移动通信网络实现跨越式的发展。
en-us	This paper considers the application of mobile naked eye 3D display, which is represented by micro nano light-field control and super-surface optical technology, is likely to drive the development of mobile communication network by leaps and bounds.

zh-cn	针对全息三维显示产生的庞大海量数据，文章从手机裸眼3D图像的有效像素和空间深度层等几个不同的角度，定量地分析了全息三维显示业务所需要的网络数据带宽和往返时延，以及其他各网络承载能力指标的需求和未来趋势;
en-us	In view of the huge amount of data generated by holographic 3D display, this paper quantitatively analyzes the network data bandwidth and round-trip delay required by holographic 3D application, as well as the demand and future trend of other network bearing capacity indicators from several different perspectives, such as effective pixels and depth layer of naked eye 3D video;

zh-cn	根据国际标准化组织给出的最大峰值数据传输速率的定义，找出影响第五代(5G)乃至第六代移动通信系统(6G)网络承载能力的多种因素，定量给出了能够实现裸眼3D应用的几个具体指标，比如:
en-us	according to the 3GPP, the maximum peak data rate is given definition, find out a variety of factors that affect the carrying capacity of the post-5G network, and quantitatively give several specific indicators that can realize the naked eye 3D application, such as:

zh-cn	聚合的载波数量、参数集的数量、大规模天线阵列的阶数和子载波间隔等，
en-us	the number of aggregation carriers, the number of numerologies, the order of massive multiple input multiple output, subcarrier spacing, etc. ,

zh-cn	以期得到能满足未来全息三维显示业务的网络承载能力的安全边际。
en-us	in order to obtain the safety margin of the network carrying capacity that can meet the future holographic 3D display application.

zh-cn	在IP融合频谱灵活光网络中，为了降低网络中连接请求的阻塞率，提高能源效率，在建立光通道时，需要尽可能地减少频谱资源的占用以及网络设备端口的配置。
en-us	In order to reduce the blocking probability and improve energy efficiency in IP over flexible bandwidth optical networks, it is necessary to reduce the occupation of spectrum resources and the number of working network equipment when building the optical channels.

zh-cn	灵活的网络设备配置可以有效降低能耗。
en-us	Network equipment configuration with flexible line rates can improve the energy efficiency.

zh-cn	因此，文章提出了一种基于混合线速率网络设备配置的节能方法。
en-us	Therefore, we propose an energy-efficient approach based on mixed-line-rate equipment configuration.

zh-cn	为了更好地评估所提出的节能方法，引入了一种传统能耗方法进行比较。
en-us	To evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, we introduce a traditional energy-efficient approach with two line rates for comparison.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，与传统能耗方法相比，所提出的节能方法大幅度地降低了网络的阻塞率，并使网络能耗降低了20%以上，有效地提升了网络性能。
en-us	The simulation results show that, compared with the traditional energy-efficient approach in IP over flexible bandwidth optical networks, our proposed energy-efficient approach can effectively reduce the blocking probability and network energy consumption by at least 20% with improved network performance.

zh-cn	近年来，基于发光二极管(LED)的室内可见光通信(IVLC)技术正逐步成为宽带光通信接入领域的研究热点。
en-us	Recently, Light-Emitting Diode(LED)-based Indoor Visible Light Communication(IVLC) technology is gradually becoming a research hot topic in the broadband communication access field.

zh-cn	目前世界各国正在推动5G产业化工作，
en-us	Currently, countries around the world are promoting the industrialization of 5G.

zh-cn	其中一个关键要求是必须实现更高的数据传输速率。
en-us	One of the key requirements is that higher data transmission rates must be achieved.

zh-cn	为了进一步提高IVLC的传输速率和系统性能，需要引进更为先进的调制解调技术。
en-us	In order to further improve the transmission rate and system performance of IVLC system, it is necessary to introduce more advanced modulation and demodulation technologies.

zh-cn	文章介绍了IVLC技术的研究背景和系统模型，
en-us	This paper first introduces the research background and system model of IVLC technology,

zh-cn	总结了IVLC中正交频分复用(OFDM)、离散多音(DMT)和无载波幅相(CAP)调制及多输入多输出(MIMO)等技术的研究进展，
en-us	and then summarizes the research progress of technologies such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM) modulation, Discrete Multi-Tone(DMT) modulation, Carrierless Amplitude-Phase(CAP) modulation and Multiple Input Multiple Output(MIMO) in IVLC.

zh-cn	并对IVLC技术未来的发展趋势和所面临的挑战进行了分析。
en-us	Finally, the future development trend and challenges of IVLC technologies are analyzed.

zh-cn	针对利用灵活光网络（FlexO）技术实现超100 Gbit/s业务传输过程中存在的时钟数据恢复问题，文章基于锁相环频率合成器，设计实现了一种新型的超100 Gbit/s光转换单元（OTU）帧结构OTUCn到n个100 Gbit/s帧结构OTU4业务数据转变的时钟数据恢复方案，
en-us	Aiming at the problem of clock data recovery during the transportation of beyond 100 Gbit/s services using Flexible Optical Network(FlexO) technology, this paper designs and implements a new clock data recovery solution based on phase-locked loop frequency synthesizer to transform OTUCn to n OTU4 service data.

zh-cn	可以在OTU4业务频点的一定频偏内，迅速恢复客户时钟，并实现对OTU4业务数据的重定时。
en-us	Within a certain frequency offset of the OTU4 service frequency point, the customer clock is quickly recovered, and the retiming of the OTU4 service data is realized.

zh-cn	仿真和实测表明，该方案能够有效满足FlexO中的时钟恢复需求，
en-us	Simulation and actual measurement prove that this solution can effectively meet the clock recovery requirements in FlexO.

zh-cn	实时恢复的客户侧时钟抖动均<1×10-6，并能确保多路重定时的OTU4业务数据持续稳定的向下一级传输。
en-us	The client-side clock jitter of real-time recovery is less than 1×10-6, and it can ensure the continuous and stable transportation of OTU4 business data of multiple channels to the next stage.

zh-cn	光与纳米结构的相互作用一直是纳米光子学的重要研究内容之一，
en-us	The interaction between light and nanostructures has always been one of the important topic in nanophotonics.

zh-cn	核心部件的纳米结构对光子器件的功能和性能具有决定性作用。
en-us	The nanostructure of the core components play an important role in the function and performance of photonic devices.

zh-cn	纳米光子器件的设计存在两种思路:
en-us	There are two approaches in the design of nanophotonic devices.

zh-cn	一是从物理原理出发的直观设计; 二是根据所需光学响应探索最优结构的逆设计。
en-us	One is based on physical principles and intuitive, while the other employs the idea of inverse design to obtain the optimal structure according to the required optical response.

zh-cn	近年来，逆设计在纳米器件中取得了一系列重要进展，
en-us	In recent years, inverse design has made great progress in nanophotonic devices.

zh-cn	尤其是最近将深度学习方法引入进来，开启了高性能纳米光子器件智能高效设计的新篇章。
en-us	In particular, the technology of deep learning was recently introduced, promising for the design of high-performance nanophotonic devices.

zh-cn	文章围绕纳米光子器件智能逆设计方法，分析归纳了这一新兴研究方向的产生背景、重要进展和典型应用，对智能逆设计面临的挑战及未来发展方向进行了展望。
en-us	This article focuses on inverse design method of the nanophotonic devices. The background, key progress and typical applications of this emerging research direction are analyzed and summarized, and the challenges and prospect of inverse design are also presented.

zh-cn	为改善密集波分复用系统中光纤放大器的增益平坦度和传输带宽，基于两段非同种光纤建立了一种多波长泵浦与级联技术相结合的理论模型，在不同位置注入不同波长组合模式的泵浦光。
en-us	In order to improve the gain flatness and transmission bandwidth of the fiber amplifier in the dense wavelength division multiplexing system, a theoretical model combining multi-wavelength pumping and cascade technology is established based on two non-same fiber types, when different wavelength combination modes are injected at different positions.

zh-cn	通过多泵浦同时抽运拓宽带宽、光纤级联平坦增益波动，
en-us	Simultaneous pumping with multiple pumps can broaden the bandwidth, and flat gain fluctuations in fiber cascades.

zh-cn	利用四阶龙格-库塔法对N信道拉曼耦合波方程进行数值求解，
en-us	We use the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method to find the numerical solution of the N-channel Raman coupled wave equation.

zh-cn	采用具有高拟合度的傅里叶曲线拟合仿真谱线，
en-us	The Fourier curve with high fitting degree is used to fit the simulated spectral lines.

zh-cn	使光纤拉曼放大器实现先放大后补偿，
en-us	Therefore, the Fiber Raman Amplifier(FRA) can be amplified first and then compensated.

zh-cn	提升了信号光的传输带宽和平均增益值，在不使用增益均衡器的条件下能维持理想的增益平坦度。
en-us	The transmission bandwidth and average gain value of the signal light are improved, and ideal gain flatness can be maintained without using a gain equalizer.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，最终放大器平均增益值为36. 75 dB，传输带宽为57 nm，增益平坦度仅为0. 03 dB，能够为光纤拉曼放大器的设计提供参考。
en-us	The simulation results show that the final amplifier has an average gain of 36. 75 dB, a transmission bandwidth of 57 nm, and a gain flatness of only 0. 03 dB, which can provide a theoretical reference for the actual FRA design.

zh-cn	基于微环谐振器的光通信器件理论模型研究一般采用线性传播因素的模型，没有考虑到非线性光学效应的影响。文章针对3×3通道微环谐振器在非线性作用下的波长和输出功率进行了研究和分析，
en-us	In this paper, the wavelength and the output power of the 3×3 channel micro-ring resonator under the non-linear function are studied and analyzed in the study of the theory model of the micro-ring-based optical communication device, and the influence of the nonlinear optical effect is not taken into account.

zh-cn	推导了微环谐振器的耦合理论公式，重点考虑了氮化硅材料和磷化铟材料的不同非线性特性对微环谐振器通透比随输出光强变化的影响，
en-us	The coupling theory formula of the micro-ring is derived, and the change of the permeability ratio of the micro-ring with the output light intensity is given.

zh-cn	并通过模拟仿真获取了微环谐振器通透比与波长的关系图象。
en-us	In this paper, the relationship between the through-through ratio and the wavelength of the micro-ring is constructed by simulation.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，磷化铟比氮化硅的非线性效应影响要更为明显，带来的串扰也较大，
en-us	The simulation results show that the effect of the phosphating solution on the non-linear effect of silicon nitride is more obvious and the string is more obvious. The disturbance is also large.

zh-cn	氮化硅材料微环谐振器最佳工作波长在0.7μm附近，
en-us	The result of the final analysis is that the best working wavelength of the micro-ring of the silicon nitride material is in the vicinity of 0. 7 μm,

zh-cn	磷化铟材料微环谐振器最佳工作波长在1.4μm。
en-us	and the optimum working wavelength of the micro-ring for the phosphating material is 1. 4 μm.

zh-cn	为实现结构紧凑且具有较高品质因数的纳米级折射率传感器，文章提出了一种含金属挡板的金属-电介质-金属(MDM)波导与U型谐振腔侧边耦合的等离激元波导结构。
en-us	In order to achieve a compact structure to realize the refractive index sensor with high Figure of Merit(FOM) in a nanometer scale, a Metal-Dielectric-Metal(MDM) waveguide containing a metallic baffle side-coupled to U-shaped resonator is proposed to produce sharp and asymmetric Fano resonance.

zh-cn	利用有限元分析法，定量分析了结构参数和介质折射率对该结构透射谱线及折射率传感品质因数(FOM)的影响。
en-us	The transmission properties of the proposed structure are numerically calculated by the finite element method, and the influence of structural parameters on the transmission spectrum and the value of FOM are analyzed quantitatively.

zh-cn	研究结果表明，U型腔中的二阶谐振模式产生谱宽较窄的离散态透射谱，而带有金属挡板的MDM波导形成较宽的连续态透射谱，两者相干叠加激发具有反对称线型法诺(Fano)共振。
en-us	The asymmetric response line-shape of the Fano resonance is formed by the destructive interference between the wide continuous state generated by the single metallic baffle and the narrow discrete state excited by U-shaped resonator.

zh-cn	经过结构参数扫描分析得到优化后的波导结构折射率传感灵敏度可达800 nm/RIU，FOM可达47382。
en-us	The simulation results after parameter sweeping reveal that the FOM value of the optimized structure can attain to 47382 and the sensitivity of resonant wavelength with refractive index drift is 800 nm/RIU.

zh-cn	该结构可以为纳米尺度的折射率传感器设计提供有效参考。
en-us	The waveguide structure can provide effective references for the design of nano-scale refractive index sensor.

zh-cn	文章设计了一种超小的硅基多波长路由器，它可实现光通信窗口多波长的路由功能。
en-us	In this paper, an ultra-small silicon optical multi-wavelength router is designed, which can realize the multi-wavelength routing function in optical communication window.

zh-cn	首先用平面波展(PWG)方法分析了这种光路由的理论及其结构特性，然后用时域有限差分(FDTD)方法数值模拟了该类器件的导光波特性及光场能量传播特性。
en-us	The guided wave characteristics and the energy propagation characteristics of the light field are numerically simulated by using the Plane Wave Expansion(PWE) method and the Finite Difference Time Domain(FDTD) method, respectively.

zh-cn	所设计的硅基多波长路由器具有透射效率高和整体尺寸超小(总长度在20μm左右)的特点，能同时实现1. 31、1. 55和1. 65μm光波长的路由功能。
en-us	The designed wavelength router has the characteristics of high transmission efficiency, ultra-small overall size(total length about 20 μm), which can realize the routing function of 1. 31, 1. 55 and 1. 65 μm optical wavelength at the same time.

zh-cn	针对传统漏波天线只能辐射线极化波的问题，文章提出了一种新型圆极化漏波天线。
en-us	To solve the problem that the traditional leaky wave antenna can only radiate linearly polarized waves, a new type of circularly polarized leaky wave antenna is proposed.

zh-cn	其由均匀金属条组成等离子体波导，
en-us	The plasma waveguide is composed of uniform metal strips.

zh-cn	通过将圆形贴片周期性和非对称地加载在波导的两侧，天线的波束扫描角可以有效展宽。
en-us	The corrugated circular patches are loaded on either side of the Spoof Surface Plasmons(SSP) waveguide periodically and asymmetrically, and the scanning angle of the antenna beam can be effectively broadened.

zh-cn	另外，在圆形贴片单元中引入微扰，可以实现圆极化性能。
en-us	Besides, circular polarization performance is obtained by introducing perturbation on the radiating elements.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该天线的阻抗带宽为43.5%(<-10 dB)，3 dB的轴比带宽为31.3%，
en-us	The simulated results show that the antenna exhibits an impedance bandwidth of 43. 5%(<-10 dB) and a 3 dB axial-ratio bandwidth of 31. 3%.

zh-cn	频率为4. 5～7. 0 GHz时，波束扫描范围为120～70°，
en-us	The impedance bandwidth of the beam steers is varied from 120 to 70 ° as frequency varies from 4. 5 to 7. 0 GHz.

zh-cn	在频率范围内，天线的最大增益达到了12.48 dB。
en-us	The antenna maximum gain is 12. 48 dB in the whole band.

zh-cn	该圆极化漏波天线结构简单、易于加工且性能指标稳定，可应用于无线通信和传感系统中。
en-us	Featured with a simple structure, easy fabrication and stable performance, the leaky wave antenna can be applied in wireless communication and sensor systems.

zh-cn	在目前5G系统多用户和高速率的需求下，为实现高效高吞吐的物理下行控制信道(PDCCH)控制资源分配以提高系统性能，提出一种基于奖惩机制的分配算法来进行有效的控制资源分配。
en-us	Under the multi-user and high-rate requirements of the current 5th-Generation system, in order to improve the performance of the system, an allocation algorithm based on the reward and punishment mechanism is proposed to achieve an efficient and high-throughput Physical Downlink Control Channel(PDCCH).

zh-cn	该算法首先综合考虑公共空间用户和专用空间用户的资源分配，
en-us	The algorithm first considers the resource allocation of common search space and user equipment-special search space users.

zh-cn	在生成用户优先级列表时引入奖惩机制，以此改善小区边缘用户的阻塞性能和系统吞吐量，提高用户公平性，
en-us	Then it introduces the reward and punishment mechanism when generating the user priority list to improve the blocking performance, system throughput of the cell edge users and the user fairness.

zh-cn	然后简化无线网络临时标识(RNTI)表格分配来进行控制资源分配。
en-us	Then the Radio Network Temporary Identity(RNTI) table allocation is simplified to control the resource allocation.

zh-cn	大规模多输入多输出（MIMO）系统中，随着天线数目的增加，传统的信号检测算法的检测性能大幅度下降，复杂度呈指数增长。
en-us	In massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output(MIMO) system, traditional detection algorithms suffer from more performance loss and higher complexity with increase in the number of antennas.

zh-cn	为了解决天线过多带来的复杂度问题，文章基于邻近搜索思想提出一种似然判定准则，作为搜索树分支策略。
en-us	In order to solve the complexity problem, a likelihood criterion based on neighborhood search as a branch strategy is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，构造二次规划模型，将其作为搜索树根节点，
en-us	Firstly, the quadratic programing model is constructed, and the model is used to search tree as the root.

zh-cn	然后，寻找目标函数值最小的节点作为分支节点，
en-us	Then, the node with the smallest value of the objective function is found as the branching node.

zh-cn	最后将判定准则运用于分支节点降低分支复杂度。
en-us	Finally, the likelihood criterion is applied to the branching nodes for reducing the complexity of the branch.

zh-cn	在调制阶数为4的正交幅度调制，误比特率达到10-4时，文章提出的似然搜索树检测算法与传统搜索树算法相比，性能增益提升了约1.5 dB，复杂度降低了69.84%。
en-us	Specially, when the bit error rate achieves 10-4, the performance gain of the proposed algorithm is increased by 1. 5 dB and the complexity of the proposed algorithm is reduced by about 69. 84 percentage points compared with the traditional search tree algorithm in 16 quadrature amplitude modulation.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，在大规模MIMO场景下，文章提出的算法表现出了良好的性能及较低的复杂度。
en-us	The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better error performance and lower complexity.

zh-cn	针对分数阶傅里叶变换(FRFT)对啁啾(Chirp)信号进行盲检测时存在运算量大的问题，文章提出一种针对Chirp信号参数估计的盲检测方法。
en-us	In view of the fact that Fractional Fourier Transform(FRFT) has large computational complexities when the Chirp signals are detected blindly. This paper proposes a blind detection method for Chirp signal parameter estimation.

zh-cn	首先利用改变窗长相位差法对Chirp信号进行粗估计，并利用最小二乘法进行拟合得到Chirp信号调频斜率粗估计值，
en-us	Firstly, the Chirp signal is roughly estimated by window-length changing phase difference method and the least square method is used to fit and obtain the rough estimation value of the Chirp signal frequency modulation slope.

zh-cn	然后通过FRFT对Chirp信号进行精细估计，并利用二分法对FRFT的阶次进行搜索，进一步降低算法的运算量。
en-us	Then, the Chirp signal is precisely estimated by FRFT, and the order of FRFT is obtained by Bisection method, which further reduces the computational complexity of the algorithm.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，利用改变窗长相位差法和FRFT联合检测Chirp信号的方法，在低信噪比下具有较高精度的估计值，且其归一化均方误差接近克拉美罗下界，
en-us	The simulation result shows that the method of detecting the Chirp signal by using the modified window-length changing phase difference method and the FRFT at low Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR) has higher precision estimation value, and its normalization mean square error is close to Cramer-Rao lower bound.

zh-cn	并且与FRFT穷举检测相比，极大地减少了运算量，具有很好的工程应用意义。
en-us	The method compared with FRFT exhaustive detection greatly reduces the computational complexity and has good engineering application significance.

zh-cn	水下可见光通信(UVLC)作为水下无线通信技术的一个重要分支，在海洋环境监测与水下军事斗争等领域有着十分广泛的应用。
en-us	Underwater Visible Light Communication(UVLC), as an important branch of underwater wireless communication technology, is widely used in the field of marine environmental monitoring and underwater military struggle.

zh-cn	文章首先简单介绍了UVLC的研究背景、意义及难点，
en-us	This paper first briefly introduces the research background, significance and difficulties of UVLC.

zh-cn	接着从光学衰减建模、垂直信道建模与湍流信道建模3个角度对水下可见光信道建模技术进行综述，
en-us	Then we summarize the underwater visible light channel modeling technology from three aspects including optical attenuation modeling, vertical channel modeling and turbulence channel modeling.

zh-cn	并调查了水下可见光不同调制技术相关的研究成果。
en-us	Finally, we investigate the research results related to different underwater visible light modulation technologies.

zh-cn	由分析可知，一方面，UVLC在水平方向上的光学衰减建模趋于完善，
en-us	It can be seen from the analysis that the modeling of optical attenuation in the horizontal direction of UVLC tends to be perfect.

zh-cn	目前还未建立准确且完整的水下可见光湍流与垂直信道模型;
en-us	At present, there is no accurate and complete model of underwater visible light turbulence and vertical channel.

zh-cn	另一方面，强度调制在水下可见光调制技术中占据主流，相干调制则通常用于提高系统的可靠性。
en-us	On the other hand, intensity modulation is the mainstream in underwater visible light modulation technology, while coherent modulation is usually used to improve the reliability of the system.

zh-cn	最后分别从构建UVLC网络和自适应调制编码的角度对未来UVLC可能的发展方向进行了论述。
en-us	The possible development direction of UVLC in the future is also discussed from the perspective of constructing UVLC network and adaptive modulation coding.

zh-cn	屏幕通信是以动态条码为信息载体，以可见光为媒介的近场通信方式，
en-us	Screen communication is a near-field communication mode using dynamic bar code as the information carrier and visible light as the media.

zh-cn	因其抗干扰能力强、不占用频谱资源和部署简单等特点，具有广泛的应用场景和极大的发展潜力。
en-us	Due to its strong anti-interference ability, spectrum resources free, and simple deployment, it has a wide range of application scenarios and great development potential.

zh-cn	文章提出了一种基于深度学习方法的屏幕通信定位跟踪算法，
en-us	We have proposed a screen communication location tracking algorithm based on the method of deep learning.

zh-cn	采用快速区域卷积神经网络(Faster R-CNN)算法对信息区域进行处理，使光学摄像头在不依赖传统定位寻像图形的情况下智能定位携信区域，进而提高单帧携信量;
en-us	The information area is processed by Faster Region with Convolutional Neural Networks Feature(Faster R-CNN) algorithm which makes the optical camera can intelligently locate the carrier area without relying on the traditional positioning finder pattern, resulting in the improvement of the single frame carrying.

zh-cn	采用卢卡斯-卡纳德(LK)光流法对抖动引入的帧间信息区域位置变化进行估计，提升了连续帧处理速率从而提升了系统通信速率。
en-us	The Lucas-Kanade(LK) optical flow is used for position change estimation of the subsequent frame information region introduced by the jitter, which improves the continuous frame processing rate and the system communication rate.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，Faster R-CNN算法的平均精度均值(mAP)达到了90.91%，同时引入LK光流法提升系统的处理效率，相比于仅采用Faster R-CNN的算法处理时间缩短59.5%以上，解决了终端系统处理能力瓶颈问题。
en-us	Experimental results show that the mean Average Precision(mAP) of the Faster R-CNN is reached up to 90. 91% while the LK optical flow was introduced to improve the processing efficiency of the system, and overcome the bottleneck of the processing power of the terminal system. The processing time was shortened by 59. 5% compared with the Faster R-CNN algorithm.

zh-cn	关键链路识别方法的研究有助于提高识别过程的高效性和准确性。
en-us	The key links of power optical networks play an important role in the security and reliable protection of quality of service.

zh-cn	电力光网络的关键链路对业务质量的安全和可靠保障具有重要作用。
en-us	Research on the key link identification method helps to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the identification process.

zh-cn	文章首先将最短路径敏感度作为网络效能测度，
en-us	In this paper, we first measure the shortest path sensitivity in the network.

zh-cn	并通过计算网络节点间最短路径长度，研究链路状态恶化对网络效能的影响;
en-us	Then the shortest path length between network nodes is calculated to study the effect of link state deterioration on network performance.

zh-cn	然后，基于跳数最少、时延最短和可靠性最高等3种不同目标，对链路状态变化与最短路径敏感度关联关系进行统计分析，得到关键链路指标;
en-us	Next, based on three different targets, such as minimum hop count, shortest delay and highest reliability, we conduct a statistical analysis on the link state change and the correlation relationship on the shortest path sensitivity to obtain key link indicators.

zh-cn	最后，以实际的省级电力通信网为算例，验证方法的可行性和正确性。
en-us	Finally, the actual provincial power communication network is taken as an example to verify the feasibility and correctness of the method.

zh-cn	研究结论对电力光网络的规划设计和运行维护具有参考价值。
en-us	The research conclusion has reference value for the planning, design and operation maintenance of power optical network.

zh-cn	为了解决空分复用弹性光网络(SDM-EONs)中芯间串扰(ICXT)带来的业务阻塞问题，文章提出了一种动态寻路和串扰感知解决算法。
en-us	In order to solve the problem of service blocking caused by Inter Core Crosstalk(ICXT) in Space Division Multiplexing Elastic Optical Network(SDM-EONs), a dynamic routing and crosstalk sensing algorithm is proposed.

zh-cn	首先在路由阶段设计了一个结合最短路径和路径负载的候选路径排序公式，根据系统负载动态地为业务请求选择更加合适的传输路径。
en-us	Firstly, in the routing stage, a candidate path sorting formula combining the shortest path and path loading is designed to dynamically select a more appropriate path for business requests according to the system load.

zh-cn	同时对于多芯光纤中的ICXT问题，提出了一种串扰感知策略，将ICXT的影响降至最低，提高业务成功传输的概率，降低阻塞率。
en-us	For the problem of inter core crosstalk in multi-core fiber, a crosstalk sensing strategy is proposed to minimize the impact of inter core crosstalk, with improvement of the probability of successful transmission and reduction of the blocking rate.

zh-cn	文章定义了ICXT改善指数来评价所提算法与对比算法的性能差异。
en-us	In order to evaluate the performance of this algorithm, the ICXT improvement index is defined to evaluate the performance difference between this algorithm and the comparison algorithm.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，文章所提算法相比于多篇对比文献，在阻塞率性能和ICXT影响上有着明显的提升。
en-us	Simulation results show that the algorithm in this paper has a significant improvement in blocking rate performance and inter core crosstalk compared with many comparative literatures.

zh-cn	针对啁啾(chirp)信号的频偏估计方法存在分辨率受限和估计精度不高的问题，提出了一种基于匹配滤波插值的频偏估计(MFI-FOE)方法。
en-us	The frequency offset estimation method for chirp signal has the problem of limited resolution and low estimation accuracy. A Frequency Offset Estimation based on Matched Filter Interpolation(MFI-FOE) method is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，将接收信号与相应的匹配信号进行匹配滤波;
en-us	Firstly, the received signal is filtering matched with the corresponding matching signal.

zh-cn	然后，对匹配滤波输出的波形进行峰值搜索;
en-us	Then, the peak value of the waveform at the output of the matched filter is searched.

zh-cn	最后，计算相对偏差，在峰值和紧邻峰值的左侧点或右侧点之间进行插值，从而得到精准的频偏估计值。
en-us	Finally, we calculate the relative deviation and interpolate between the peak and the left or right point of the immediately adjacent peak to obtain an accurate frequency offset estimation.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，与传统的频偏估计方法相比，MFI-FOE方法的信噪比门限降低了2～4 dB，在整个相对频偏估计范围内性能稳定，
en-us	The simulation results show that the signal-noise ratio threshold of MFI-FOE method is reduced by 2～4 dB compared with the traditional frequency offset estimation method, and the performance is stable in the whole range of relative frequency offset estimation.

zh-cn	频偏估计的归一化均方误差更接近于克拉美罗界限。
en-us	The Normalized Mean Square Error(NMSE) of the frequency offset estimation is closer to the Cramer-Rao Bound.

zh-cn	所提的MFI-FOE方法在估计精度和抗噪声能力方面都有显著地提升，验证了该方法的有效性。
en-us	Therefore, MFI-FOE method can significantly improve the accuracy of estimation and anti-noise ability, which verifies the effectiveness of the method.

zh-cn	随着国家电网公司电力物联网战略的提出，电力物联网越来越引起人们的关注。
en-us	The strategy of electricity internet of things is recently proposed by State Grid, which attracts much attention.

zh-cn	文章针对电力物联网中的基站部署策略进行研究。
en-us	In this paper, we focus on the base station deployment schemes in electricity internet of things.

zh-cn	不同于传统的不考虑用户行为的基站部署策略，文章提出了一种新的表征网络空间和业务聚集的聚集系数定义，
en-us	Different from the traditional schemes without considering the user behavior, a new aggregation coefficient indicator is proposed to measure the traffic and spatial aggregation phenomena in this paper.

zh-cn	并在此基础上对高能效基站部署策略进行研究。
en-us	On this basis, the energy efficient base station deployment strategy is studied.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，泊松簇叠加策略更适用于用户聚集程度较高的场景，其能效比其他方案低。
en-us	Simulation results show that Poisson cluster process scheme is more suitable for the higher aggregation coefficient environment. However, the energy efficiency of our proposed scheme is lower than other schemes.

zh-cn	泊松点过程策略网络能效高但只适用于聚集程度低的场景。
en-us	Poisson point process scheme has higher energy efficiency but only be suitable for lower aggregation coefficient environment.

zh-cn	文章针对基于拉曼散射的分布式光纤测温系统(DTS)实际应用于监测光缆温度过程中可能对测温结果产生影响的几种因素进行了研究，
en-us	This paper mainly studies several factors, which may affect the temperature measurement result when the Distributed Optical Fiber Temperature Sensor System(DTS) based on Raman scattering is used to monitor the cable temperature,

zh-cn	并为如何提高DTS在实际监测光缆温度过程中的精度提供了可行性建议。
en-us	and provides some feasible suggestions on how to improve the accuracy of DTS in temperature measurement under the actual monitoring.

zh-cn	首先，对裸纤和光缆测温进行了对比实验，
en-us	Firstly, the comparative experiment is developed by measuring the temperature of bare fiber and optical cable using the DTS at the same time.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，若将裸纤获得的定标参数直接用于现场光缆，会导致在同样的温度下，光缆和裸纤测温结果之间总是存在一定的差值，
en-us	The result shows that if the calibration parameters obtained by bare fiber are directly applied to the optical cable in the field, the measured temperatures of optical cable and bare fiber are different.

zh-cn	因此可通过对裸纤定标参数修正或光缆直接定标获得更高测温精度;
en-us	Therefore, higher temperature accuracy can be obtained by correcting the bare fiber calibration parameters or directly using the optical cable for calibration.

zh-cn	其次，对架空光缆在实际工况下存在的弧垂和振动对测温精度影响进行了研究，
en-us	Secondly, the influence of the sag and vibration of the aerial optical cable under the actual working conditions on the temperature measurement accuracy is investigated by experiment,

zh-cn	实验结果表明，弧垂和振动对测温精度的影响较小，
en-us	and the result shows that the influence of sag and vibration on the temperature measurement accuracy is small.

zh-cn	但相比于振动，弧垂对测温结果的影响更大，即光缆的动态应变比静态应变对测温影响更明显。
en-us	While compared with vibration, the influence of sag on the temperature measurement result is more obvious, which means that the influence on the temperature measurement result by the dynamic strain of the cable is more obvious than that by the static strain of the cable.

zh-cn	在现代光通信系统中，快响应速度的偏振控制在如扰偏和稳偏等技术的相关研究中有着极大的需求。
en-us	Polarization control with fast response speed is highly desired in optical communication systems, such as in related studies of polarization scrambling and polarization stabilization.

zh-cn	然而，目前的偏振控制器由于材料和结构等因素的影响，响应速度最快只能在ns级别，这成为偏振相关研究的主要瓶颈。
en-us	However, due to the influence of materials and structure, current polarization controller can only reach nanoseconds at the fastest, which becomes the main bottleneck of polarization-related research.

zh-cn	文章介绍了一种基于商用低速电控偏振控制器和高速相位调制器的新型光学结构来实现超快的偏振控制。
en-us	In this paper, a novel optical structure based on low-speed electronic polarization controller and high-speed phase modulator is introduced to realize ultrafast polarization control.

zh-cn	实验验证并分析了两个正交光场分量在振幅差缓慢变化和相位差快速变化同时进行的情况下，庞加莱球上的偏振态变化轨迹。
en-us	The changing trajectory of polarization state on Poincare Sphere caused by slow amplitude difference change and simultaneous fast phase difference change of two orthogonal projects is demonstrated and analyzed experimentally.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，此方法大大提高了偏振控制的响应速度，为更好性能的扰偏和稳偏技术提供了有力的支持。
en-us	This method greatly improves the response speed of polarization control and provides strong support for better performance of the polarization scrambling and polarization stabilization.

zh-cn	数字预失真是改善功率放大器非线性化比较有效的技术方法。
en-us	Digital predistortion is an effective technical method to improve the nonlinearization of power amplifier.

zh-cn	文章针对射频功率放大器的非线性强记忆效应带来的失真问题，在分数阶记忆多项式模型和传统双线性多项式模型的基础上，提出了一种改进的分数阶双线性多项式数字预失真模型。
en-us	Based on the fractional-order memory polynomial model and the traditional bilinear polynomial model, an improved fractional-order bilinear polynomial model predistortion method for indirect learning structure is proposed.

zh-cn	该模型利用间接学习结构并结合递推最小二乘(RLS)算法对建立的预失真模型进行自适应预失真系统仿真。
en-us	The model uses the indirect learning structure and Recursive Least Square(RLS) adaptive identification algorithm to simulate the adaptive predistortion system.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该模型与传统的双线性多项式模型相比，归一化均方误差(NMSE)提高了2. 6 dB，系数减少了34.3%，邻道功率泄漏比(ACPR)改善了约5 dB，
en-us	The experimental results show that, compared with the traditional bilinear polynomial model, the Normalized Mean Square Error(NMSE) is improved by 2. 6 dB with 34. 3% reduction of the number of model coefficients and the improvement of Adjacent Channel Power Ratio(ACPR) of 5 dB.

zh-cn	由此可知，该模型能够有效地补偿功率放大器的非线性失真。
en-us	Therefore, the model can effectively compensate the distortion of the power amplifier.

zh-cn	泊松点过程(PPP)由于其理论可分析性和随机性而被广泛用于无线网络建模及分析，
en-us	The Poisson Point Process(PPP) is widely used in wireless network modeling and analysis due to its theoretical analytic and random nature.

zh-cn	但实际基站部署并不是完全随机的，
en-us	However, the actual base station deployment is not completely random.

zh-cn	针对基站在空间上存在互斥的情况，文章采用泊松硬核过程(PHCP)建模异构蜂窝网络(HCN)，
en-us	In view of the mutual exclusion of base stations, we propose the Poisson Hard-Core Process(PHCP) to model the Homogeneous Cellular Network(HCN).

zh-cn	选择基于最大信干比(SIR)准则的基站接入方案，
en-us	We first choose a base station access scheme based on the Maximum Signal to Interference Ratio(SIR) criterion.

zh-cn	采用每层泊松SIR近似方法推导出了两层基于PHCP的HCN的近似覆盖率。
en-us	Then per tier approximate SIR analysis based on PPP method is used to derive the approximate coverage of PHCP heterogeneous network.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该方法所产生的近似覆盖率为实际覆盖率的渐近下边界，
en-us	The simulation results show that the approximate coverage generated by this method is the lower bound of the actual coverage,

zh-cn	并且PHCP网络的覆盖率优于PPP网络覆盖率，更适应于具有互斥性的实际基站部署。
en-us	and the coverage of the PHCP network is better than the PPP coverage, which is more suitable for the actual base station deployment with mutual exclusion.

zh-cn	针对啁啾(Chirp)信号参数估计的高复杂度和在低信噪比(SNR)下保持高精度等问题，
en-us	The Chirp signal parameter estimation has the problems of high computational complexity and low precision under low Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR).

zh-cn	文章提出了一种改进的Chirp信号参数估计算法。
en-us	In order to solve these issues, an improved Chirp parameter estimation algorithm is proposed.

zh-cn	该算法根据当信号能量和周期长度一定时Chirp信号频谱幅度的平方与调频率成反比的特性，
en-us	According to the Chirp signal energy and the signal period, the square of the signal spectrum amplitude is inversely proportional to the frequency modulation slope.

zh-cn	不断地产生已知Chirp信号的共轭与未知Chirp信号相乘，找到使相乘后频谱幅度平方最大的已知Chirp信号的调频率。
en-us	The Chirp signal is multiplied by the unknown Chirp signal to find the known Chirp signal with the largest square of the spectral amplitude.

zh-cn	为了做到参数估计的高精度，用修正的幅度插值(M-Rife)算法估计中心频率和修正相乘后信号频谱的幅值。
en-us	In order to achieve the parameter estimation with high accuracy, the Modified Rife(M-Rife) is used to estimate the center frequency and correct the amplitude of the multiplied signal.

zh-cn	将该算法与短时傅里叶变换(STFT)结合，
en-us	The algorithm is combined with the Short-Time Fourier Transform(STFT).

zh-cn	首先用STFT估计出调频率的大致范围和信号周期，
en-us	First, STFT is used to estimate the approximate range and signal period of Chirp.

zh-cn	然后用二分法代替等步长使改进的Chirp信号参数估计算法在这个大致范围内搜索，极大地降低了计算复杂度。
en-us	The dichotomy is used instead of the equal step size to allow the improved Chirp signal parameter estimation algorithm to search within this approximate range, resulting in significant complexity reduction.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，在SNR≥-10 dB时，该算法估计调频率归一化均方误差(NMSE)要优于分数阶傅里叶变换(FRFT)约1～2 dB，接近克拉美罗下界(CRLB)。
en-us	The experimental results show that when the SNR is not less than-10 dB, the Normalized Mean Square Error(NMSE) of modulation frequency estimated by our proposed algorithm is better than Fractional Fourier Transform(FRFT) by 1～2 dB.

zh-cn	第五代(5G)移动通信系统大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)技术利用信道硬化理论，
en-us	Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO) has been identified as a key technology for the upcoming Fifth Generation(5 G) wireless communication systems.

zh-cn	采用消息传递检测(MPD)算法实现了良好的检测性能。
en-us	The original Message Passing Detection(MPD) algorithm utilizes channel hardening theory to achieve good detection performance in large-scale MIMO systems.

zh-cn	但是由于MPD算法的计算复杂度随调制阶数和用户天线数的增加而增加，在实际的大规模MIMO系统中难以有效实现。
en-us	However, the computational complexity of the MPD algorithm increases with the increase of the modulation order and the number of user antennas, which is difficult to implement effectively in an actual large-scale MIMO system.

zh-cn	概率近似-消息传递检测(PA-MPD)算法可以减少原始MPD算法的计算复杂度。
en-us	The Probabilistic Approximation-MPD(PA-MPD) algorithm can reduce the computational complexity of the original MPD algorithm.

zh-cn	文章将提前终止迭代过程和更新部分符号概率的策略应用于MPD算法迭代过程中，提出了一种选择性更新-消息传递检测(SU-MPD)算法，从而降低了MPD算法的计算复杂度。
en-us	In this paper, the iterative process of terminating the iterative process and updating the partial symbol probability is applied in the iterative process of the MPD algorithm, a Selective Update-MPD(SU-MPD) algorithm is proposed, which reduces the computational complexity of the MPD algorithm.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，在各种天线配置下SU-MPD算法的计算复杂度最大限度可降低为MPD算法的19%和PA-MPD算法的50%，且不降低算法的检测性能。
en-us	The simulation results show that the computational complexity of SU-MPD algorithm can be reduced to 19% of MPD algorithm and 50% of PA-MPD algorithm under various antenna configurations, without reducing the detection performance of the algorithm.

zh-cn	为了提高多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中索引调制方案的频谱效率，文章将空间调制(SM)和码索引调制(CIM)相结合，并利用并行传输的思想，使每个时隙的传输信息比特由两个调制符号、两个天线索引和两个伪随机(PN)码索引进行传输。
en-us	In order to improve the spectral efficiency of the index modulation scheme in Multiple Input Multiple Output(MIMO) systems, this paper combines Spatial Modulation(SM) with Code Index Modulation(CIM) and uses the idea of parallel transmission to convey the transmission information bits by two modulation symbols, two antenna indexes, and two Pseudo Noise(PN) code indexes in each time slot.

zh-cn	此外，文章所提方案还利用天线选择技术和正交振幅调制符号的旋转对称特性，分别提高了系统的误码率(BER)性能，降低了接收机的检测复杂度。
en-us	In addition, the proposed scheme also uses the antenna selection technique and the rotational symmetry characteristics of the quadrature amplitude modulation symbols to improve the Bit Error Rate(BER) performance of the system and reduce the detection complexity of the receiver, respectively.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，文章所提方案的BER性能明显优于其他几种索引调制方案，并且与最优的最大似然(ML)检测算法相比，文章提出的低复杂度ML检测算法具有与其相同的BER性能。
en-us	The simulation results show that the BER performance of the proposed scheme is obviously better than other index modulation schemes, and the low complexity Maximum Likelihood(ML) detection algorithm proposed in this paper has the same BER performance compared with the optimal ML detection algorithm.

zh-cn	文章在室内多小区可见光通信(VLC)系统中设计了一种使用视场角(FOV)不同的两种光电二极管(PD)的角度分集光接收机(2FOV-ADR)，
en-us	In this paper, an Angle Diversity Optical Receiver Using Two Types of Photo Diodes(PD) with Different Field of View(2FOV-ADR) is designed in an indoor multi-cell Visible Light Communication(VLC) system.

zh-cn	并且以面积频谱效率(ASE)最大化为目标进一步对接收机进行参数优化，包括接收机PD的仰角以及采用的合并方式。
en-us	It further optimizes the parameters of the receiver with the goal of maximizing Area Spectral Efficiency(ASE), including the elevation angle of the receiver PD and the combination method adopted.

zh-cn	考虑了4种合并方案，即等增益合并(EGC)、选择合并(SBC)、最大比合并(MRC)和最小均方误差(MMSE)合并。
en-us	Four combination schemes are considered, namely Equal Gain Combining(EGC), Select Best Combining(SBC), Maximum Ratio Combining(MRC), Minimum Mean Square Error(MMSE) combining.

zh-cn	作为对比，也仿真了单PD接收机(SR)和传统角度分集接收机(ADR)的室内信干噪比(SINR)分布及ASE性能。
en-us	In comparison, the indoor Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio(SINR) distribution and ASE performance of Single PD Receiver(SR) and traditional Angle Diversity Receiver(ADR) are also simulated.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，2FOV-ADR极大地改善了室内SINR分布，
en-us	It is found that 2FOV-ADR greatly improves the indoor SINR distribution.

zh-cn	相比于单PD接收机和传统ADR，小区边缘位置处的SINR分别得到30和20 dB的改善，
en-us	Compared with the single PD receiver and the conventional ADR, the SINR at the cell edge position is improved by 30 and 20 dB, respectively,

zh-cn	并且在不同用户数下，2FOV-ADR都具有最高的ASE。
en-us	and the 2FOV-ADR has the highest ASE at different user numbers.

zh-cn	因此，2FOV-ADR可以实现比单PD接收机和传统ADR更优的性能。
en-us	Therefore, 2FOV-ADR can achieve better performance than single PD receivers and traditional angle diversity receivers.

zh-cn	为了对西藏人烟稀少地区和单跨段传输距离很长的光纤链路进行检测，
en-us	In order to monitor the fiber-optic links in Tibet, which are sparsely populated and have long transmission distances.

zh-cn	文章提出一种用于提高线性调频(LFM)光时域反射仪(OTDR)空间分辨率和测量距离的方法。
en-us	This paper presents a method of improving the spatial resolution and measuring the distance of a Linear Frequency Modulated(LFM) Optical Time Domain Reflectometry(OTDR).

zh-cn	该方法通过产生一个调频范围为200 MHz、脉冲宽度为20μs的强度调制模拟LFM信号来实现高的空间分辨率和大的探测距离。
en-us	The method achieves high spatial resolution and large detection distance by generating an intensity modulated analog chirp signal with a frequency range of 200 MHz and a pulse width of 20 μs.

zh-cn	使用该方法在西藏地区的实际光纤传输链路中进行了实验测试，
en-us	Experiments are carried out on the actual fiber-optic transmission link in Tibet using this method.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该方法能够在长度为240 km的光纤链路上实现0.000 53 km的空间分辨率，
en-us	The experiment results show that the method can achieve a spatial resolution of 0. 000 53 km on a fiber link with a length of 240 km.

zh-cn	与相同测量参数的单脉冲OTDR相比，动态范围提高了8.5 dB。
en-us	And compared with the single pulse OTDR with the same measurement parameters, the dynamic range is improved by 8. 5 dB.

zh-cn	为满足光传送网(OTN)系统截面容量大幅提升的需求，探索具有代表性的技术演进方向，中国移动在现网环境下基于G.654E新型光纤部署了长距离超100 Gbit/s干线OTN系统，
en-us	To meet the demand of the capacity increase of the Optical Transport Network(OTN) system, and to explore a representative technology evolution direction, China Mobile deploys a long-haul beyond 100 G backbone transmission OTN system over G. 654 E fiber in the present network environment.

zh-cn	集中应用一批OTN应用领域的前沿新技术，组织测试，得到了新型光纤的承载性能优势、实用传输距离、多种波道类型并存、能效和在线测量功能等实测结果，
en-us	By performing a group of cutting-edge new technologies and organizing field tests, we obtain several useful results including the performance improvement in new fiber, practical transmission distance, multiple channel types for coexistence, energy efficiency, function of online measurement, and etc.

zh-cn	对关键新技术的应用价值评估和具体引入策略建议可作为下一阶段系统部署的参考。
en-us	Evaluations and specific technical recommendations on the key new technologies are also given as a reference for guiding the subsequent deployment.

zh-cn	高效视频编码（HEVC）标准在提升编码性能的同时，对系统带宽提出了更高的要求。
en-us	High Efficiency Video Coding(HEVC) standard puts higher requirements on system bandwidth while improving the coding performance.

zh-cn	传统电互连方式存在带宽小和时延大的问题，
en-us	The traditional electrical interconnection method has the problems of small bandwidth and large delay.

zh-cn	而光互连的高带宽和低功耗为片上资源数据通信提出了新的解决方案。
en-us	Therefore, the high bandwidth and low power consumption of the optical interconnection propose a new solution for on-chip resource data communication.

zh-cn	然而由于工艺水平的限制，集成光器件无法在现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）芯片内部实现。
en-us	However, due to the limitation of the process level, the integrated optical device cannot be implemented inside the Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) chip.

zh-cn	采用片外光器件模拟片上光互连系统可以达到原型验证的目的。
en-us	Therefore, the off-chip optical device is used to simulate the on-chip optical interconnection system to achieve the purpose of prototype verification.

zh-cn	文章基于BEE4开发平台在单片上采用电互连方式进行数据通信，
en-us	In this paper, based on the BEE4 development platform, the electrical interconnection is used for data communication on a single chip.

zh-cn	在Xilinx V6系列芯片间通过接入4通道小型可插拔+（QSFP+）光模块搭建光通信链路，
en-us	The optical communication link is built by connecting Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable Plus(QSFP+) optical modules between Xilinx V6 series FPGA chips,

zh-cn	构建光通信网络，实现了光电混合互连网络原型系统。
en-us	and an optical communication network is constructed to realize the prototype of the optical hybrid interconnection network system.

zh-cn	以分辨率176×144的标准测试序列akiyoqcif176×144. yuv为例进行测试，实验结果表明，以光链路替代片间电通信能够正确实现，且板间传输时间仅为电互连的一半，综合频率为51. 327 MHz。
en-us	Taking the standard test sequence akiyoqcif176×144. yuv with resolution of 176×144 as an example, experimental results show that the optical link can replace the inter-chip electrical communication correctly, and the transmission time between boards is only half of electrical interconnection with integrated frequency of 51. 327 MHz.

zh-cn	文章对布里渊光时域分析(BOTDA)分布式光纤传感系统中的偏振效应机理及受激布里渊散射的矢量模型分析进行了阐述。
en-us	This paper describes the polarization effect mechanism and the vector model analysis of stimulated Brillouin scattering in Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis(BOTDA) distributed optical fiber sensing system.

zh-cn	对目前国内外的研究现状，从受激布里渊散射效应中偏振相关布里渊增益谱分析、控制偏振态以及抑制偏振衰落技术等方面进行了详细介绍。
en-us	Based on current research development, we analyze the polarization-dependent Brillouin gain spectrum, and introduce the control of polarization state and the suppression of polarization fading technology in the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect.

zh-cn	布里渊光纤传感系统矢量建模分析和偏振态控制技术具有很好的研究前景，
en-us	Among them, Brillouin fiber sensing system vector modeling analysis and polarization state control technology have a good research prospect.

zh-cn	对未来研究中利用偏振态的敏感特性进行分布式传感光纤的温度、应变和振动信息测量及抑制偏振衰落来提高光纤传感系统空间分辨率都具有参考价值。
en-us	Our analysis has certain reference value in the aspects of using the sensitivity of the polarization state to measure the temperature, strain and vibration information of the distributed sensing fiber and the aspect of suppressing the polarization fading to improve the spatial resolution of the fiber sensing system.

zh-cn	针对被采样的超弱光纤光栅(FBG)反射光谱含有干扰噪声的问题，提出一种应用于大容量超弱传感网络的高速寻峰算法。
en-us	Aiming at the interference of the sampled ultra-weak Fiber Bragg Grating(FBG) reflectance spectrum, a high-speed peak seeking algorithm for large capacity ultra-weak sensor networks is proposed.

zh-cn	该算法引入权重因子加入到最小二乘拟合算法实现加权最小二乘拟合(WLS)算法，对高斯曲线拟合系数进行优化，定位出中心波长，
en-us	In this algorithm, weight factors are introduced into the least squares fitting method to realize the Weighted Least Squares fitting(WLS) algorithm with optimized fitting coefficient of gaussian curve to locate the center wavelength.

zh-cn	然后再通过非对称高斯修正(AG)对定位的中心波长进行修正，提出WLS结合AG(WLS-AG)的算法，实现抗噪声干扰高精度寻峰。
en-us	Then the central wavelength is modified by Asymmetric Gaussian correction(AG) to achieve high-precision peak location against noise interference. We propose WLS combined with AG(WLS-AG) algorithm.

zh-cn	通过实验，对比分析最小二乘拟合算法、质心算法、WLS算法及文章提出的WLS-AG算法分别在不同噪声下的峰值误差平均值，以及变温环境下误差平均值。
en-us	Through experiments, the peak error averages of the least square fitting algorithm, centroid algorithm, WLS algorithm and the WLS-AG algorithm proposed in this paper are compared and analyzed under different noises.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，在高信噪比的情况下，WLS-AG算法连续20次重复性实验平均误差<1 pm，在低信噪比的情况下，平均误差约为10 pm;
en-us	The experimental results show that the WLS-AG algorithm works with high Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR). The average error of 20 consecutive repetitive experiments is less than 1 pm, and the mean error is about 10 pm at low SNR.

zh-cn	在不同温度下的检测误差在1 pm内，且最为稳定，满足超弱FBG传感系统精度解调的要求。
en-us	The detection error at different temperatures is within 1 pm, which is the most stable and meets the requirements of ultra-weak FBG sensor system for precision demodulation.

zh-cn	针对普通马赫-曾德尔(M-Z)滤波器为了获得良好的滤波性能需要mm量级的臂长差的问题，文章提出了一种基于微环辅助M-Z滤波原理的温度传感器，其具有μm量级的尺寸。
en-us	In this paper, a micro-ring-assisted Mach-Zehnder(M-Z) temperature sensor within micron size is proposed. In order to obtain good filtering performances, the arm-length difference of ordinary M-Z filter is usually in the order of millimeters. The arm-length difference of the temperature sensor presented in this paper is only μm micron order.

zh-cn	在M-Z滤波器的一个臂上耦合一个液体微环腔，利用微流控技术将一些温敏液体注入腔内，
en-us	A liquid micro-ring cavity is coupled to one arm of the M-Z interferometer, and the temperature-sensitive liquid is injected into the cavity based on the microfluidic technique.

zh-cn	通过分析传感器的输出光谱，可以检测到温度的变化。
en-us	The temperature change can be detected by analyzing the output spectrum of the sensor.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该传感器具有良好的滤波性能及温度分辨能力，
en-us	The results show that the proposed sensor has good filtering performances and a temperature resolution.

zh-cn	消光比>10 dB，3 dB带宽<1 nm，
en-us	The extinction ratio is more than 10 dB, with 3 dB bandwidth less than 1 nm.

zh-cn	温度检测分辨率可达到0.1℃。
en-us	The resolution of temperature detection is 0. 1 ℃.

zh-cn	此外，通过改变微环中液体的种类，可以调节传感器的温度检测范围。
en-us	In addition, the temperature detection range of the sensor can be adjusted by changing the type of liquid in the micro-ring.

zh-cn	为了减少测试过程中人为因素引起的误差，提高掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)的测试质量和效率，文章基于python语言设计了能快速测试EDFA瞬态的自动测试系统。
en-us	In order to reduce the errors caused by human factors and improve the quality and efficiency of Erbium-doped Optical Fiber Amplifier(EDFA) testing, an automatic testing system based on Python is designed to test EDFA transient quickly.

zh-cn	根据EDFA的工作原理和速率方程，联系光纤通信过程中产生瞬态的原因设计了合理的测试方法。
en-us	According to the working principle and rate equation of EDFA, a reasonable test method is designed according to the cause of transient in actual optical fiber communication process.

zh-cn	利用接口总线实现了该系统可由一台计算机同时控制多台测试仪器，并且通过python语言实现仪器设备的自动化控制和"一键式"自动保存各个仪器设备的测试数据和图形。
en-us	The interface bus is used to enable the system to control the multiple test instruments by one computer at the same time. Python is used to realize the automatic control of instruments and equipment, and achieve “one-key” automatic storage of test data and graphics of each instrument and equipment.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该系统测试精度较高，操作方便，可扩展性好，能够充分满足用户对瞬态测试的要求。
en-us	Experiments show that the system has the advantages of high testing accuracy, easy operation and good scalability, which can fully meet the user's requirements for transient testing.

zh-cn	针对已有的随机接入前导算法存在难以在实际基站中实现以及算法运算量大的缺点，文章提出了5G随机接入前导检测算法。
en-us	Aiming at the shortcomings of the heavy computational complexity in existing random access preamble algorithm, a 5G random access preamble detection algorithm is proposed.

zh-cn	首先将接收到的信号经过发送端的逆过程处理得到频域前导，
en-us	First, the received signal is processed by the inverse process of the transmitting end to obtain a frequency domain preamble.

zh-cn	然后生成频域ZC序列并进行分组，将各个组内频域ZC序列相加并与频域前导相关，
en-us	Then a frequency domain ZC sequence is generated and grouped, and the ZC sequences in each group are correlated with the frequency domain preamble.

zh-cn	最后通过设置阈值来检测前导序列，
en-us	Finally, the threshold is detected by setting a threshold.

zh-cn	利用多天线分集梳理修改相对阈值的累积分布函数，根据相对检测阈值确定绝对检测阀值，即相对检测阈值与时变噪声电平的乘积。
en-us	The sequence uses a multi-antenna diversity combing to modify the Cumulative Distribution Function(CDF) of the relative threshold, and determines an absolute detection threshold. The threshold is a product of the relative detection threshold and the time-varying noise level, based on the relative detection threshold.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，与频域固定阈值前导检测算法相比，在加性高斯白噪声信道中，所提算法的正确检测概率性能提升了1 dB;
en-us	The simulation results show that compared with the frequency domain fixed threshold preamble detection algorithm, the correct detection probability performance of the proposed algorithm is improved by 1dB in the Additive White Gaussian Noise(AWGN) channel.

zh-cn	在节拍延迟线(TDLC300-100)信道中，所提算法的正确检测概率性能提升了2 dB。
en-us	In the Tapped Delay Line(TDLC300-100) channel, the correct detection probability performance of the proposed algorithm is improved by 2dB.

zh-cn	大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)技术是5G的关键技术之一，
en-us	Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO) is one of the key technologies in 5G.

zh-cn	由导频资源有限引起的导频污染是制约其发展的主要瓶颈之一，
en-us	Pilot contamination, which is caused by limited number of pilots, has become an important bottleneck for the development of massive MIMO.

zh-cn	为此必须对宝贵的导频资源进行合理地分配以减小导频污染。
en-us	In this respect, a reasonable pilot allocation should be designed for the valuable pilot resources to reduce the effect of pilot pollution.

zh-cn	已有的导频分配方案大多考虑静态导频分配，无法很好地适应用户位置不断变化的移动通信环境。
en-us	However, existing pilot allocation schemes mostly consider static pilot allocation, which are not well adapted to the mobile communication environment where user positions are constantly changing.

zh-cn	文章针对大规模MIMO系统中用户移动时的导频分配问题，提出了一种动态迁移导频分配方法。
en-us	In this paper, a dynamic migration pilot allocation algorithm is proposed for the problem of how pilots are dynamically allocated stepping with the movement of users in massive MIMO.

zh-cn	该方法在两个相邻时隙间仅针对移动幅度较大的用户进行额外的导频优化，根据分配方案选择一个用户与之进行导频交换，对于其他的用户不改变原分配导频。
en-us	According to pilot allocation algorithm, a user is selected to exchange pilots with the user who has migrated between two time slots and does not change the original allocation pilot for other users.

zh-cn	复杂度分析及仿真结果表明，该算法相较于传统的导频分配方法可以显著地降低计算复杂度，并且与传统的导频分配方法具有相近的频谱效率，具有较高的实用价值。
en-us	The complexity analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the computational complexity and have similar spectral efficiency comparing with the traditional pilot allocation method. Therefore, the proposed algorithm has a high practical significance.

zh-cn	现有的太赫兹无线个域网双信道介质访问控制(MAC)协议工作在WiFi和太赫兹信道。
en-us	The existing Terahertz wireless personal area network dual-channel Media Access Control(MAC) protocol works in WiFi channel and Terahertz channel.

zh-cn	由于这两种信道的频率相差极大，导致使用全向天线和定向天线的覆盖范围各不相同，
en-us	Due to the great difference in frequency between the two channels, the coverage of omnidirectional antenna and directional antenna is different,

zh-cn	这样便会使节点之间的消息传输成功率大大降低，同时也降低了网络整体的吞吐量。
en-us	which will greatly reduce the success rate of message transmission among nodes and the throughput of the network as a whole.

zh-cn	另外，在现有的太赫兹无线网络双信道MAC协议中还存在一定的冗余控制开销，这导致了信道利用率低。
en-us	In addition, in the existing dual-channel MAC protocol of Terahertz wireless personal area network, there is some redundant control overhead, which leads to low channel utilization.

zh-cn	基于此，文章提出一种太赫兹无线网络中基于中继的高效双信道MAC协议(HE-BRMAC)，
en-us	This paper proposes a High Efficient Dual-Channel MAC Protocol Based on Relay(HE-BRMAC)in Terahertz wireless personal area network.

zh-cn	HE-BRMAC分为中继辅助和自适应减少控制开销机制。
en-us	The HE-BRMAC is divided into relay auxiliary mechanism and adaptive control cost reduction mechanism.

zh-cn	通过这两种机制可达到提高消息传输成功率、提升网络整体吞吐量、减少控制开销和提高信道利用率的效果，
en-us	Through adaptive control cost reduction mechanism, the control frame is more compact. In this way, the success rate of message transmission can be improved, and the overall throughput of the network can be improved. Moreover, the control overhead can be reduced, and the channel utilization can be improved.

zh-cn	尤其当节点数较多时，HE-BRMAC的效果更为显著。
en-us	It is noted that when the number of nodes is large, HE-BRMAC has more significant effect.

zh-cn	可见光通信具有环保、安全和能耗低等优点，是第5代移动通信的一个强有力补充。
en-us	Visible Light Communication(VLC) with environmental protection, safety and low energy consumption is a powerful complement to the 5 th generation mobile communication.

zh-cn	针对多小区多用户多输入多输出可见光通信系统中小区间干扰的问题，文章提出使用基于棱镜阵列的非成像接收机作为接收设备，
en-us	Aiming at the problem of inter-cell interference in multi-cell multi-user Multiple Input Multiple Output VLC(MIMO-VLC) system, a non-imaging receiver based on prism array is uased as the receiving device,

zh-cn	并讨论了两种多小区划分方案来降低小区间干扰的影响，
en-us	and two multi-cell division schemes are proposed to reduce inter-cell interference.

zh-cn	第1种是动态小区，第2种是非动态小区。
en-us	The first is a dynamic cell and the second is a non-dynamic cell.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，经过光电探测器选择后，这两种方案都能有效地消除小区间干扰的影响。
en-us	The simulation results show that after the Photodetector Selection(PDS), both schemes can effectively eliminate the influence of inter-cell interference.

zh-cn	当用户处于干扰区时，动态小区方案的误比特率(BER)性能更优，但是其计算复杂度较高。
en-us	When the user is in the interference zone, the dynamic cell scheme has better Bit Error Rate(BER) performance at the cost of higher computational complexity.

zh-cn	当用户都处于非干扰区时，这两种方案的BER性能相同。
en-us	The BER performance of the two schemes is similar when the users are in the non-interference zone.

zh-cn	针对水下无线光通信系统中无法兼顾聚光效率和光斑均匀性的问题，文章设计了一种复合折反式接收天线。
en-us	Aiming at the problem that the concentrating efficiency and spot uniformity cannot be taken into account in underwater wireless optical communication system, a composite refractive receiving antenna is designed in this paper.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，传统的菲涅尔透镜聚光效率只有58. 725%，而新设计的复合折反式接收天线聚光效率达到86. 557%。
en-us	The simulation results show that the concentrating efficiency of the traditional Fresnel lens is only 58. 725%, while that of the newly designed composite refractive antenna is 86. 557%.

zh-cn	在保证高聚光效率的情况下，光斑的均匀性也较好，均匀度为0. 6593。
en-us	Moreover, the uniformity of the spot is also good, with the uniformity of 0. 6593 under the condition of ensuring high concentration efficiency.

zh-cn	随后分析了平行光源在不同角度入射时聚光效率和光斑位置偏移的变化，
en-us	Then the change of focusing efficiency and spot position offset of parallel light source at different incident angles is analyzed.

zh-cn	发现菲涅尔透镜在入射角为2°时聚光效率就只有3.5822%;
en-us	It is found that the focusing efficiency of Fresnel lens is only 3. 5822% at 2 °incident angle,

zh-cn	而文章所设计的复合折反式接收天线在入射角度为1.5°时，聚光效率仍可以达到50%以上，入射角度在4°时仍能检测到光斑。
en-us	while the focus efficiency of the composite refractive antenna designed in this paper can still reach more than 50% when the incident angle is 1. 5 °, and the spot can still be observed when the incident angle is 4 °.

zh-cn	文章设计的接收天线在水下远距离无线激光通信系统中有很好的接收效果，
en-us	The receiving antenna designed in this paper has good reception effect in underwater long-distance wireless laser communication system.

zh-cn	该接收天线适用于高增益和小视场的水下无线激光通信环境。
en-us	Therefore, the receiving antenna designed in this paper is suitable for underwater wireless laser communication environment with high gain and small field of view.

zh-cn	全光混沌由于产生结构简单和混沌复杂度高等特点，在混沌保密通信中起着重要的作用。
en-us	All-optical chaotic communication plays an important role in chaotic communication due to its simple structure and high complexity.

zh-cn	由于全光混沌需要发射端与接收端激光器参数几乎完全一致才可达到很好的同步效果，一直没有在保密通信方向取得很好的应用。
en-us	Due to the difficulty of perfect devices matching, the practical applications of chaotic optical communications are limited.

zh-cn	文章提出了一种利用神经网络对激光器进行建模同步的方法，在发射端利用大量已知混沌信号和混沌加密信号对神经网络进行训练，得到一个与发射端激光器结构相似的神经网络模型，在接收端利用此神经网络模型对加密信息进行解密，并通过实验成功对5 Gbit/s信号进行了混沌加密和解密。
en-us	This paper proposed a method of modeling the chaotic laser using neural network, which can significantly simplify the structure of the chaotic receiver while keeping the system security. A 5 Gbit/s signal transmission of non-return-to-zero message hidden in a chaotic optical carrier is successfully experimentally demonstrated.

zh-cn	此方法大大降低了全光混沌同步的复杂度，并为点到多点全光混沌通信提供了可能。
en-us	This method greatly reduces the complexity of all-optical chaos synchronization and provides the possibility of point-to-multipoint all-optical chaotic communication.

zh-cn	在基于多芯光纤(MCF)的空分复用频谱灵活光网络(SDM-EONs)中，为了保证光网络的生存性和业务传输质量(QoS)，在连接请求建立过程中，引入考虑纤芯间频谱状态的交叉串扰评估方法。
en-us	In order to guarantee both the survivability of optical network and Quality of Service(QoS), we introduce a crosstalk-evaluated approach by considering the inter-core spectrum status when establishing connection requests in Spatial Division Multiplexing Elastic Optical Networks(SDM-EONs) with Multicore Fiber(MCF).

zh-cn	通过考虑光网络的生存性和多纤芯间的交叉串扰，文章提出了一种面向业务带宽分类的串扰感知专用保护方法和相应的算法。
en-us	Considering the survivability of optical networks and the crosstalk-evaluated approach, a new crosstalk-aware dedicated protection approach based on service bandwidth classification and the corresponding algorithm are proposed in SDM-EONs.

zh-cn	为了更好地评估所提算法，引入了其他3种传统专用保护算法进行比较。
en-us	For comparison, we also introduce three other traditional dedicated protection algorithms in SDM-EONs.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，与其他3种传统专用保护算法相比，所提算法能够有效降低网络的阻塞率，并且不会大幅度增加网络的平均交叉串扰值。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves lower blocking probability and doesn't dramatically increase average crosstalk compared to three other traditional dedicated protection algorithms in SDM-EONs.

zh-cn	为提高智能变电站通信网络的运维水平，文章提出了一种基于分块矩阵的报文传输路径查找算法。
en-us	In order to improve the operation and maintenance level of smart substation communication network, a packet forwarding path search algorithm based on block matrix is proposed, which solves the disadvantages of the matrix large computation and slow computation speed.

zh-cn	为了把智能变电站通信网络静态配置信息抽象为数学模型，建立了物理网络拓扑矩阵模型和逻辑网络拓扑矩阵模型，
en-us	The physical network topology matrix model and logical network topology matrix model are established.

zh-cn	并构建了两者之间的映射关系，给出了报文路径查找算法的流程。
en-us	The mapping relationship is constructed to give the flow of message path finding algorithm.

zh-cn	针对矩阵法分析网络拓扑计算量大的问题，文章提出以分块矩阵技术为主，稀疏矩阵与对称矩阵技术辅助优化的算法。
en-us	In order to solve the problem of large amount of computation in network topology analysis by matrix method, this paper presents an optimization algorithm based on block matrix technology and assisted by sparse matrix and symmetric matrix technology.

zh-cn	采用遗传算法将网络矩阵模型分为对应的多个子矩阵，采用稀疏矩阵和对称矩阵技术处理子矩阵。
en-us	The network matrix model is divided into several sub-matrices by genetic algorithm, and the sub-matrices are processed by sparse matrix and symmetric matrix technology.

zh-cn	通过对实际智能变电站的网络分析，与邻接算法相比，此算法不仅可以查找报文的转发路径，而且计算速度快占用内存空间少。
en-us	Through the network analysis of substation, this algorithm can not only find the forwarding path of the message, but also take up less memory space and faster calculation speed.

zh-cn	针对相控阵雷达带宽的扩展，文章提出了一种基于多路啁啾微波脉冲(CMP)信号产生及延时控制的新型波束成形系统。
en-us	In order to improve the bandwidth of the modern phased array radar, a novel beamforming system based on paralleled Chirped Microwave Pulse(CMP) generators is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	该系统由多个平行的具有二阶相位特性的微波光子滤波器(MPF)构成，且MPF均通过非均匀抽头延时重构获得。
en-us	In each path, a Microwave Photonic Filters(MPF) with a quadratic phase response is configured, which are equivalently realized by using nonuniformly spaced taps.

zh-cn	通过将超宽带信号输入该多路MPF系统，即可产生多路CMP信号并输入各个阵列天线阵子，
en-us	The CMPs can be generated by applying an Ultra-Wideband signal to the paralleled MPFs.

zh-cn	借助于光纤色散，通过调谐MPF重构所需要的光载波波长即可实现脉冲信号的延时控制，从而实现信号的波束成形。
en-us	By tuning the wavelengths of optical carriers in the paths, the group delays of the signals can be tuned depend on the fiber dispersion, realizing squint-free beamforming for the CMP.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该系统可以产生多路CMP信号，且信号延时量可以得到控制，并实现了波束指向的控制。
en-us	As the parameters of the MPFs and CMP signals can be variable, the system is quite flexible. By numerical simulation, the feasibility of beamforming and direction steering of the beamforming system are verified.

zh-cn	该研究成果有助于推动相控阵雷达带宽的进一步扩展。
en-us	Besides, the research results will contribute to the development of modern phased array radars.

zh-cn	在超100 Gbit/s光网络中，由于光信噪比恶化导致了误码严重等问题，因此在光网络中普遍使用前向纠错编码。
en-us	Problems of bit error rate rising due to Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio(OSNR) worsening in beyond-100 Gbit/s optical network can be overcomed by utilizing feed Forward Error Correction(FEC) codes which are comprehensively applied in optical networks.

zh-cn	传统的编码器时延大，不能满足目前高速光网络的需求，且与高速编码器相关的研究也非常少;
en-us	Traditional encoders with high latency cannot meet the requirements of high-speed optical network, and studies on high-speed encoder are seldom.

zh-cn	译码器的研究大多集中在关键方程求解算法，针对降低时延方法的研究也较少。
en-us	Studies on decoders usually focus on key equation solving algorithms rather than low latency decoding schemes.

zh-cn	文章针对目前光网络中广泛使用的KP4前向纠错编码，即里德-所罗门(RS)(544，514)码，提出了递推并行的编、译码结构，
en-us	A parallel encoding and decoding scheme is proposed in this paper for KP4 FEC, i. e. RS(544, 514) code,

zh-cn	并通过现场可编程门阵列实现，编码器吞吐量超过17 Gbit/s，延时<0. 3μs，
en-us	with the encoder's throughput reaching above 17 Gbit/s, and latency lower than 0. 3 μs,

zh-cn	译码器吞吐量约为66 Gbit/s，延时约为0.17μs。
en-us	while the decoder's throughput reaching above 66 Gbit/s, and latency lower than 0. 17 μs.

zh-cn	在5G前传网络中，单纤双向是重要的特征之一，
en-us	In 5 G forward network, single fiber bidirectional technology is one of the important characteristics.

zh-cn	相比4G和光纤接入(FTTx)网络中的单纤双向，5G前传网络中的单纤双向更为复杂。
en-us	Compared with single-fiber bidirectional technology in 4 G and Fiber To The X(FTTx) networks, single-fiber bidirectional technology in 5 G forward network is more complex.

zh-cn	文章分析了在5G前传网络中实现单纤双向的情况及实现单纤双向关键光器件的原理，并分析了单纤双向系统的串扰源问题。
en-us	In this paper, several schemes to realize single-fiber bidirectional transmission in 5 G forward network are first introduced. Then the key optical devices to realize single-fiber bidirectional transmission and the crosstalk problem of single-fiber bidirectional system are analyzed.

zh-cn	分析结果表明，基于单只密集波分复用(DWDM)器件的DWDM单纤双向方案比基于光环行形器的DWDM单纤双向方案更有优势。
en-us	The comparison result shows that the single-fiber bidirectional scheme based on a single Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing(DWDM) device has more advantages than the single-fiber bidirectional scheme based on an optical ring device.

zh-cn	半导体硅纳米粒子具有许多新奇的电磁特性，成为了近年光电子学的研究热点。
en-us	Semiconductor silicon nanoparticles have many novel electromagnetic properties and have became a research hotspot in optoelectronics in recent years.

zh-cn	为了提高量子点(QD)光致发光器件的发光强度，文章提出了一种由两个尺寸不同的硅纳米正方体组成的二聚体结构。
en-us	In order to improve the luminescence intensity of Quantum Dot(QD) photoluminescence devices, a dimer composed of two silicon nano-cubes of different sizes is proposed.

zh-cn	通过时域有限差分(FDTD)法，分别从荧光激发率增强和量子产率增强两个方面研究了硅纳米二聚体对QD发光的增强作用。
en-us	By the Finite Difference Time Domain(FDTD) method, the luminescence enhancement of QD by silicon nano-dimers is studied in terms of fluorescence excitation rate enhancement and quantum yield enhancement.

zh-cn	研究结果表明，不同尺寸的硅纳米正方体复合二聚体可以对硒化镉(CdSe)QD的发光产生增强作用;
en-us	The results show that the dimer composed of two silicon cubes with different sizes can enhance the luminescence of CdSe QDs.

zh-cn	并且当两个硅纳米正方体的边长和间隔逐渐变小时，QD的荧光激发率增强倍数和量子产率提高倍数都呈现出逐渐增大的趋势。
en-us	When the side length of the two silicon nano-cubes and the gap between them getting smaller, the fluorescence excitation rate enhancement factor and the quantum yield enhancement factor of the QDs tend to increase gradually.

zh-cn	特别地，当两个硅纳米正方体的边长都是100 nm、间隔为20 nm时，硅纳米二聚体结构可达最优，且CdSe QD的荧光强度可得到约24倍的增强。
en-us	In particular, when the side lengths of two silicon nano-cubes are 100 nm and the gap of the silicon dimer is 20 nm, the structure of silicon nano-dimer is optimal, and the fluorescence intensity of CdSe QDs can be enhanced by about 24 times.

zh-cn	针对传统光纤通信系统中滤波模块可调范围窄、损耗大和带宽精度低的问题，文章设计了一种基于光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)的大范围带宽调制滤波结构，
en-us	For the problems of narrow adjustable range, large loss and low bandwidth accuracy in the optical filter module for traditional fiber-optic communication systems, a large bandwidth linear modulation optical filter based on FBG is designed.

zh-cn	针对可调谐激光器光栅加工灵活性低和成本昂贵的问题，文章研究并设计了一种基于取样光栅(SG)的新型可调谐分布式布拉格反射(DBR)激光器以降低可调谐激光器的制作成本。
en-us	In tunable laser, grating fabrication is complicated and expensive. In this paper, a sampled gratings based Distributed Bragg Reflector(DBR) tunable laser is designed to reduce the cost of tunable laser.

zh-cn	该结构核心部件采用螺杆微调结构对FBG中心波长进行大范围连续调谐控制。
en-us	A large-scale continuous modulation of the strain is realized by the screw fine-tuning structure, and the linear correlation between the strain amount and the echo wavelength offset is calculated by the combination of the strain beam and the FBG.

zh-cn	经理论分析与仿真计算给出了该结构的最优参数，
en-us	The simulation analysis shows the peak reflectance of the reflected light as a function of the reflection bandwidth under different FBG parameters, and the relevant parameters are selected accordingly.

zh-cn	并通过实验测试可知，在该结构中螺杆微位移每改变0.1 mm，平均中心波长偏移量为415 pm，线性度高，
en-us	The results show that for every 0. 1 mm change, the average central wavelength shift is 415 pm, and the linearity is high.

zh-cn	线性度优于0.98的调制范围为1545～1565 nm，实现了大带宽连续线性调制。
en-us	The linearity is better than 0. 98, and the modulation range is 1545～1565 nm, which can achieve large-bandwidth continuous linear modulation.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该结构可用于光纤通信系统中需要大范围连续可调滤波的模块，具有一定的应用价值。
en-us	In conclusion, the structure can be used in a fiber optic communication system that requires a wide range of continuously adjustable filtering modules, and has certain application value.

zh-cn	文章提出利用SG取代传统DBR激光器的均匀光栅，
en-us	We propose to use sampled gratings instead of uniform gratings in this paper.

zh-cn	在采用与均匀光栅相同的双光束干涉曝光工艺的情况下，可以在单片集成芯片中低成本并灵活地实现不同DBR激光器调谐范围的调整。
en-us	Low-cost DBR lasers with different tuning range can be monolithically integrated in the same chip by conventional holographic interferometry method.

zh-cn	通过对该结构DBR激光器的模拟研究发现，该激光器在工作范围内可以实现>45 dB的边模抑制比(SMSR)，单个激光器可以实现10 nm以上的调谐，
en-us	Based on the simulation results, we find that this type of DBR laser can reach more than 45 dB Side Mode Suppression Ratio(SMSR) and 10 nm tuning range.

zh-cn	不同激光器调谐范围的取值可以实现40 nm以上的整体调整。
en-us	Based on several DBR lasers with different sampled period, the total tuning range can be more than 40 nm.

zh-cn	在大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中，当用户数与基站(BS)天线数相当时，线性检测算法的性能很不理想。
en-us	In the massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO) system, when the number of users is comparable(or equal) to the number of Base Station(BS) antennas, the performance of the linear detection algorithm is not ideal.

zh-cn	文章从非线性检测入手，提出一种格基约减(LR)辅助的贪心球形译码算法。
en-us	We start with nonlinear detection and propose a greedy sphere decoding algorithm based on Lattice Reduction(LR).

zh-cn	通过格基约减算法辅助QR分解来获取更优的正交基并采用贪心策略改进球形译码算法，将每次欧式距离(PED)最小的符号作为根节点向下搜索，更高效地缩减了搜索树节点。
en-us	Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovasz algorithm assisted QR decomposition is proposed to obtain orthogonal bases, which then combines the improved sphere decoding algorithm with the greedy strategy. The search tree nodes are reduced more efficiently by searching the smallest Partial Euclidean Distance(PED) as the root node.

zh-cn	理论分析及仿真结果表明，所提算法具有复杂度低且收敛速度快的特点，当系统误码率为10-4时，所提算法相较于线性算法有3～10 dB的性能提升。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has the characteristics of low complexity and fast convergence. Compared with linear algorithms, the proposed algorithm has a 3～10 dB performance improvement when the system bit error rate is 10-4.

zh-cn	并且算法在一定程度上降低了近来所提出LR-K-Best算法的复杂度，具有较高的工程应用价值。
en-us	Moreover, the algorithm reduces the complexity of the recently proposed LR-K-Best algorithm to a certain extent, and has high engineering application value.

zh-cn	文章以白光发光二极管为例，研究了可见光室内定位问题。
en-us	The paper experimentally demonstrates the indoor positioning in Visible Light Communication(VLC) system based on white light.

zh-cn	针对可见光室内定位问题，提出了定位系统的模型，并对定位系统的硬件设计进行了分析。
en-us	The paper proposes the model of indoor positioning in VLC system and its hardware design. The paper also introduces a positioning algorithm based on the Fast Fourier Transform(FFT).

zh-cn	在定位算法方面，提出了一种基于快速傅里叶变换(FFT)算法的信号采集与定位方式，实验证明最大定位误差为14.866 cm，
en-us	Meanwhile, we also have done the relevant experiments and get the data which has the maximum error of 14. 866 cm.

zh-cn	结果表明，此系统可以解决室内定位问题。
en-us	Experimental results show that the system can solve the indoor positioning problem.

zh-cn	Kramers-Kronig(KK)接收机能从光信号的强度信息中重建相位信息，突破了单个光探测器只能检测和处理光信号强度信息的局限，是近年来光通信系统的一个研究热点。
en-us	Kramers-Kronig(KK) receiver can retrieve the phase information from the intensity information of an optical signal satisfying the minimum-phase condition. This enables KK receiver to overcome the limitation that single photodetector can only detect the intensity information of an optical signal, thus it has attracted a great deal of attention.

zh-cn	该接收机可以补偿光纤色散带来的损伤，降低系统对载波功率比的要求，能显著地提高接收机灵敏度，大大增加了系统容限和传输距离。
en-us	KK receiver can compensate for the distortion due to fiber chromatic dispersion and reduce the required carrier-to-signal power ratio in an optical transmission system, significantly increasing the channel capacity and transmission distance.

zh-cn	在接收端仅用单个光探测器，极大地降低了同时检测光信号强度和相位的成本，在成本敏感的数据中心之间的光互联网络中有着光明的应用前景。
en-us	Since only a single-end photodetector is used, it reduces the implementation cost of a coherent optical receiver. This makes KK receiver a very promising candidate technology for the cost-sensitive intra-datacenter interconnections.

zh-cn	然而，该接收机也存在着一定的技术问题，这可能会阻碍其在实际系统中的应用。
en-us	However, this receiver has a couple of technical issues hindering its practicality.

zh-cn	文章介绍了KK接收机的原理和应用，对其技术问题和解决方案进行了系统地分析。
en-us	In this paper, the principles and applications of KK receiver, as well as its technical issues and solutions are discussed.

zh-cn	同时，文章也从实用化角度出发，介绍了该接收机方案在实际系统中遇到的挑战，总结了现有的解决方案。
en-us	Meanwhile, the challenges in the practical implementation of this receiver are investigated as well.

zh-cn	最后，文章对该接收机未来的研究方向进行了探讨。
en-us	Finally, the prospect of related research is discussed briefly.

zh-cn	文章根据第六代移动通信系统(6G)的总愿景和不同维度子愿景，分类阐述了有可能实现这些美好愿景的关键技术趋势和挑战。
en-us	Based on the overall vision of the Sixth Generation Mobile Communications(6 G) and the different dimensions of the sub-vision, the article outlines key technology trends and challenges that are likely to achieve these wonderful visions.

zh-cn	文章从新晶体复合材料、超材料、非正交波形、高频毫米波和太赫兹生成等物理基础性技术，到无线新型互联网基础设施和深海通信网络等网络基础性技术，再到人工智能使能、感知互联和人体通信等新兴应用技术，分门别类地介绍了6G时代充满机遇和挑战的某些候选关键技术。
en-us	This article is based on new basic technologies such as new composites, meta-materials, non-orthogonal waveforms, high-frequency millimeter and terahertz waves generation, to network-based technologies such as wireless new Internet infrastructure and deep-sea communication networks. Emerging application technologies such as perceptual interconnection and human body communication are introduced in different categories to select key technologies that are full of opportunities and challenges in the 6 G era.

zh-cn	文章引用了部分国际顶级学术期刊的相关内容和研究成果，期望观点尽可能严谨合理，并引起业界对6G移动通信发展趋势的关注。
en-us	This article cites the relevant content and research results of some of the top international academic journals, and strives to be as rigorous and reasonable as possible, with a view to attracting industry attention to the development trend of 6 G mobile communications.

zh-cn	电力骨干通信网中告警信息的及时高效处理能够为故障处置提供先机。
en-us	The timely and efficient processing of alarm information in the power backbone communication network can provide an opportunity for fault handling.

zh-cn	利用人工智能技术，基于历史数据可以预测告警的发生，完备的数据集是成功实现预测的基本条件。
en-us	By applying artificial intelligence technology based on historical data, the occurrence of alarms can be predicted. A complete data set is the basic condition for successful prediction.

zh-cn	在现实网络中采集的数据往往有分布不均匀、数据缺失等问题，如何构建完备的数据集是基于人工智能技术实现电力骨干通信网中告警预测的一个关键问题。
en-us	The data collected in the real network often has problems such as uneven distribution and missing data. How to construct a complete data set is a key issue based on artificial intelligence technology.

zh-cn	文章提出了一种针对电力骨干通信网中告警预测的数据预处理方法，采用数据增强技术完成了数据的类均衡，使得最终的数据集符合模型输入的数据尺寸。
en-us	This paper proposes a data preprocessing method for alarm prediction in power backbone communication network. Data enhancement technology is used to complete the class balance of data, so that the final data set conforms to the data size input by the model.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，基于数据增强的告警预测数据预处理方法能够在较大程度上提高告警预测的准确率。
en-us	The simulation results show that the data pre-processing method based on data enhancement can improve the accuracy of alarm prediction to a large extent.

zh-cn	基于信号功率非线性变换，结合神经网络，文章提出了一种利用深度神经网络(DNN)实现光信噪比(OSNR)监测的方法。
en-us	This paper proposes and demonstrates an Optical Signal Noise Ratio(OSNR) monitoring scheme using the signal power nonlinear transformation and Deep Neural Networks(DNN).

zh-cn	通过对信号功率、信号2次方、4次方和8次方运算后对应的快速傅里叶变换(FFT)后的幅度获取信号与OSNR相关特征量，并利用DNN提取相关特征量以实现OSNR监测。
en-us	The features of signal after 2th, 4th, and 8th transformation and corresponding Fast Fourier Transformation(FFT) depend on the OSNR of signal. By utilizing the DNN to extract those OSNR depended specific features, the OSNR value can be estimated.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，针对28 Gbaud偏振复用(PDM)正交相移键控(QPSK)、PDM-8相移键控(PSK)、PDM-8正交振幅调制(QAM)和PDM-16QAM信号相干光通信系统，对应的背靠背OSNR监测平均标准误差分别为0. 10、0. 09、0. 33和0. 46 dB。对这4种调制格式，在入纤功率分别为4、4、3和3 dBm，传输距离分别为2 000、1 040、1 040和800 km单模光纤时，获得的OSNR监测平均标准误差分别为0. 43、0. 34、0. 66和0. 79 dB。
en-us	Simulation results for 28 Gbaud Polarization Division Multiplexing(PDM)-Quadrature Phase Shift Keying(QPSK), PDM-8 Phase Shift Keying(PSK), PDM-8 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(QAM) and PDM-16 QAM signals show that the OSNR monitoring with mean estimation standard errors of 0. 10, 0. 09, 0. 33 and 0. 46 dB in back-to-back case and 0. 43, 0. 34, 0. 66 and 0. 79 dB in 2 000, 1 040, 1 040 and 800 km single mode fiber transmission case with input optical power of 4, 4, 3 and 3 dBm, respectively.

zh-cn	基于互补氧化物半导体(CMOS)相机卷帘快门效应的可见光通信系统比特速率越高，拍摄的图片中每个比特对应的像素列数越少，且像素灰度值波动加剧，严重影响数据解调性能。
en-us	In Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor(CMOS) camera-based visible light communication system using the rolling shutter effect, the number of pixel columns representing one bit will decrease and the fluctuation of grayscale values became serious with the increasing of system bit rate, which leads to the degradation of demodulation performance.

zh-cn	针对这一问题，文章提出采用全局和局部两个动态阈值判决结合分段降采样的解调算法，
en-us	A novel demodulation algorithm based on global and local dynamic thresholds and segmented down sampling is proposed.

zh-cn	首先由图片中全部待解调列的灰度值拟合得到全局动态阈值，判决后检测出所有数据帧头位置，
en-us	The global dynamic threshold is fitted by grayscale values of all columns in an image, and frame headers contained in the image are located.

zh-cn	然后根据各帧对应列的灰度值分别拟合出局部阈值，
en-us	Then the local dynamic thresholds are fitted respectively by the grayscale values in each data frame.

zh-cn	最后对各帧判决结果分段降采样恢复原始比特序列。
en-us	Finally, the result of grayscale decision is segmented downsampling to recover the transmitted bit sequence.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，当相机卷帘快门的列扫描频率为103. 68 kHz时，能正确解调的最小比特分辨率为2. 962，对应的最大比特速率和有效数据速率分别为35和10. 8 kbit/s。
en-us	The experimental results show that when the column scanning frequency of the rolling shutter is 103. 68 kHz, the algorithm is feasible with 2. 962 pixels/bit, where the maximum bit rate and net data rate can reach 35 and 10. 8 kbit/s, respectively.

zh-cn	针对当前量子随机数产生技术无法满足通信领域中安全性和高速率的问题，文章提出了一种基于测量光场真空起伏产生量子真随机数的实验方案。
en-us	Aiming at the problem that the current quantum random number generation technology can not meet the safety and high rate requirement in the communication field, we propose an experimental scheme based on measuring the vacuum fluctuations of the light field to produce quantum true random numbers in this paper.

zh-cn	与以往报道的实验方案所不同，文章理论分析，量子随机数生成系统中量子正交分量测量中本底光增益对原始随机数中相对量子熵含量的影响，
en-us	Different from the experimental schemes reported in the past, we theoretically analyze the influence of the gain of the local oscillator on the relative quantum entropy content of the original random numbers in the quantum orthogonal component measurement of quantum random number generation system.

zh-cn	在经典噪声完全被窃听方控制的最差情况假定下，采用量子条件最小熵量化评估原始随机数的随机性。
en-us	The quantum condition minimum entropy is used to quantify the randomness of the original random numbers under the worst case assumption that the classical noise is completely controlled by the eavesdropper.

zh-cn	基于理论分析实验中通过相对增强本底光强的同时控制电子学增益，
en-us	Based on the theoretical analysis, the vacuum noise fluctuations are experimentally amplified by relatively increasing the local oscillator intensity while controlling the electronic gain and the classical electronic noise.

zh-cn	经典电子噪声独立地放大真空噪声分量起伏，提高了系统中量子噪声引入的最小熵含量，
en-us	The minimum entropy content introduced by the quantum noise in the system is improved.

zh-cn	同时，基于真空量子噪声是宽带高斯白噪声，有效提升频带提取带宽，提高量子熵源的利用率，在提高量子随机数生成系统安全性的同时提高了量子随机数的产生速率。
en-us	At the same time, the vacuum quantum noise is broadband Gaussian white noise, which effectively increases the bandwidth of extractor frequency-band, as well as the utilization rate of quantum entropy source and the security of the quantum random number generation system while increasing the rate of quantum random number generation.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，基于安全性信息论可证明的托普利茨-哈希(Toeplitz-hash)提取器，实现了6. 7 Gbit/s的量子随机数产生，
en-us	The results show that the Toeplitz-hash extractor based on the security information theory is provable. The quantum random number generation of 6. 7 Gbit/s is realized.

zh-cn	同时利用Nist、Diehard和TestU01-SmallCrush 3种随机数标准测试验证了该方案下生成的量子随机数的真随机性，
en-us	The three standard tests for random numbers of Nist, Diehard and TestU01-SmallCrush are used to verify the true randomness of the quantum random numbers generated in this scheme,

zh-cn	为真空量子随机数发生器产生速率的提高提供了新的途径。
en-us	which provides a new way to increase the rate of generation of vacuum quantum random number generators.

zh-cn	量子密钥分发被认为是安全的密钥分发，它为光网络中的安全性问题提供了解决方案。
en-us	Quantum Key Distribution(QKD) is considered as a secure solution to provide secret keys for the security of optical networks.

zh-cn	为向金融、军事和电网等领域提供安全的密钥供给服务，量子密钥分发在光网络中的集成已经引起了广泛关注。
en-us	In order to meet the security demands of fields like finance and military, the integration of QKD into optical networks has attracted much attention.

zh-cn	目前已有一些研究集中于量子密钥分发在光网络中的集成，而量子密钥分发光网络的生存性技术研究还几乎处于一片空白。
en-us	At present, some studies have focused on the integration of QKD in optical networks, while researches on the survivability of optical networks based on QKD is still in a blank.

zh-cn	文章针对量子密钥分发光网络中的生存性问题，提出一种密钥供给服务保护方案，并仿真验证了网络性能，
en-us	Aiming at the survivability of optical networks based on QKD, this paper proposes protection schemes for key provisioning service, and evaluates the network performances through simulation.

zh-cn	结果表明，所提方法在网络阻塞率、资源利用率和密钥消耗率方面具有较好性能，
en-us	The results verify that the proposed method has better network blocking probability, resource utilization and key consumption rate.

zh-cn	为量子密钥分发光网络生存性技术研究提供了重要参考方案。
en-us	The proposed scheme provides an important advice for the development of the survivability of optical networks based on QKD.

zh-cn	针对光传输网络时延问题，文章分析了光传输网络时延产生的因素，并按长途骨干网和本地网两种场景详细阐述了引入时延的各因素的影响比重。
en-us	In view of the delay problem of optical transport network, this paper analyzes the factors caused by the delay of optical transport network, and elaborates the proportion of the factors that introduce delays according to the two scenarios of long-haul backbone network and local network.

zh-cn	针对这两种场景，文章分别提出了打造低时延光传输网的策略，从而为建设或优化低时延光传输网提供有价值的参考依据。
en-us	For these two scenarios, this paper proposes strategies to realize low-latency optical transport networks, which provides a valuable reference for optimization of low-latency optical transmission networks.

zh-cn	针对现有的光时域反射仪(OTDR)在监测带有掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)的长途多跨段光纤链路时，为克服EDFA增益的波动需增加一个额外的补光来保持功率稳定的问题，
en-us	In order to overcome the Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier(EDFA) gain fluctuations when monitoring long-distance multi-span fiber links with EDFA for existing Optical Time Domain Reflectometry(OTDR), an additional fill light is needed to maintain power stability.

zh-cn	文章基于线性调频OTDR提出了一种无需补光穿越EDFA的长途多跨段光纤监测技术。
en-us	In this paper, based on linear frequency modulated optical time domain reflectometry, a long-distance multi-span fiber monitoring technology that does not require supplemental light to pass through EDFA is proposed.

zh-cn	该技术利用线性调频准连续光作为探测光，可以避免EDFA增益的波动。
en-us	This technique utilizes chirped quasi-continuous light as the probe light to avoid fluctuations in the EDFA gain.

zh-cn	同时通过分数域傅里叶滤波来去除级联EDFA累积的自发辐射白噪声，从而提高接收信号的信噪比。
en-us	At the same time, the fractional-domain Fourier filtering is used to remove the spontaneous emission white noise accumulated in the cascaded EDFA, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该技术能够准确地测出中长途多跨段光纤链路中EDFA和连接点处的反射事件。
en-us	The experimental results show that the technology can accurately detect the reflection events at the EDFA and the connection points in the long-distance multi-span fiber link.

zh-cn	针对双芯光纤传感器在应用中存在的环境温度交叉敏感的问题，文章提出并设计了一种长周期双芯光纤光栅温度-弯曲双参量传感器，对其传感特性进行了数值分析与研究。
en-us	In term of the cross-sensitivity problem of ambient temperature in the process, a double-parameter sensor based on Twin-Core Fibers(TCF) and Long Period Gratings(LPG) is proposed. The theoretical mode is established, and the stimulated analysis is performed.

zh-cn	结果显示，在20～60 cm曲率半径范围和0～100℃温度范围内，波长向长波方向漂移，实现的最大弯曲灵敏度为0. 205 nm/cm，最大温度灵敏度为1. 208 nm/℃。
en-us	The simulation results show that the bending sensitivity of 0. 205 nm/cm with the micro-bending range of 20～60 cm and the temperature sensitivity of 1. 208 nm/℃ with the temperature range of 0～100 ℃ are achieved.

zh-cn	当波长分辨率为0. 1 nm时，长周期双芯光纤光栅可以分别实现0. 2 cm的弯曲传感分辨率和0. 079℃的温度传感分辨率。
en-us	Based on a spectrometer having a wavelength distinguishability of 0. 1 nm, the sensor can reach a distinguishability of 0. 2 cm for bending and 0. 079 ℃ for temperature.

zh-cn	所设计的双参量传感器结构简单、灵敏度高，可用于轨道和桥梁等建筑的形状监测，同时可有效排除环境温度干扰。
en-us	This sensor has advantages of simple structure and high sensitivity, and can effectively eliminate interference of ambient temperature which is available for shape monitoring of buildings such as tracks and bridges.

zh-cn	光通信技术高速发展和光子集成对调制器的尺寸和性能提出了更高的要求，文章提出了一种基于Aubry-André-Harper(AAH)谐振腔的电光调制器，
en-us	With the rapid development of optical communication technology, the requirement of the size and performance of the modulator are higher. Therefore, an electro-optic modulator based on Aubry-André-Harper(AAH) resonator is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	该器件以硅材料为基底，在其上刻蚀圆形空气孔形成三角型光子晶体结构，
en-us	The device is based on silicon and etched circular air holes to form triangular photonic crystal structure.

zh-cn	在光子晶体线缺陷处引入AAH谐振腔，
en-us	AAH resonator is introduced into the line defect of photonic crystal.

zh-cn	并通过掺杂在线缺陷处形成p-n结，
en-us	The p-n junction is formed by doping the line defect.

zh-cn	根据硅基载流子色散效应改变调制电压使基底平板折射率发生改变，
en-us	According to the carrier dispersion effect of silicon, the refractive index of the substrate plate is changed by changing the modulation voltage,

zh-cn	进而导致谐振波长位移，达到调制目的。
en-us	which results in the displacement of the resonant wavelength and achieves the modulation purpose.

zh-cn	应用Lumerical仿真软件对器件进行了仿真分析，
en-us	The Lumerical simulation software is used to analyze the device performance.

zh-cn	结果表明，器件长度为9.03μm，3 dB带宽为1.01 nm，
en-us	The simulation results show that the 3 dB bandwidth is 1. 01 nm on the device with 9. 03 μm length.

zh-cn	当折射率差达到0.01时可实现1 550 nm波长的横电(TE)模窄带宽调制，
en-us	When the refractive index difference reaches 0. 01, Transverse Electic(TE) mode narrow bandwidth modulation with 1 550 nm wavelength can be realized.

zh-cn	器件插入损耗为1.33 dB，消光比为29.13 dB，
en-us	The insertion loss of the device is 1. 33 dB and the extinction ratio is 29. 13 dB.

zh-cn	工艺误差对器件性能影响较小。
en-us	The process error has little effect on the device performance.

zh-cn	该电光调制器尺寸小易于集成，且具有高消光比，对硅光子集成器件具有重要意义。
en-us	The electro-optic modulator is easy to integrate, small in size and has high extinction ratio, which is of great significance for the development of integrated optical devices.

zh-cn	在多用户同时同频发送信号的情况下，由于每个用户的解调参考信号叠加在一起，相互干扰，所以精确估计出每个用户的信道冲激响应具有很大的难度。
en-us	Since each user's demodulation reference signals are superimposed and interfere with each other in the case where multiple users simultaneously transmit signals at the same frequency, it is difficult to accurately estimate the channel impulse response for each user.

zh-cn	文章针对5G系统物理上行控制信道(PUCCH)的发送格式4，利用不同用户的解调参考信号的特性，设计了一种特殊的信号矩阵，
en-us	In this paper, a special signal matrix is designed for the transmission format 4 of the 5 G system Physical Uplink Control Channel(PUCCH) by using the characteristics of demodulation reference signals of different users.

zh-cn	然后利用该信号矩阵，结合传统的单用户信道估计算法，提出了3种适用于5G系统PUCCH多用户复用情况下的信道估计算法，包括基于最小二乘(LS)的样条插值算法，基于LS的离散余弦变换(DCT)插值算法和基于线性最小均方误差(LMMSE)的DCT插值算法。
en-us	Then we combine this signal matrix with traditional single-user channel estimation algorithms to propose three channel estimation algorithms including Least Squares(LS)-based spline interpolation, LS-based Discrete Cosine Transform(DCT) interpolation algorithm, and Liner Minimum Mean Squared Error(LMMSE)-based DCT interpolation algorithm.

zh-cn	最后对两个和4个用户的场景进行了仿真，
en-us	Finally, the scenes of two users and four users are simulated.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提的3种信道估计算法均适用于5G系统PUCCH的发送格式4，对于工程中的应用具有很大的参考价值。
en-us	The simulation results show that three proposed channel estimation algorithms are applicable to the format 4 of 5 G system PUCCH, which has great reference value for engineering applications.

zh-cn	基于低功耗蓝牙的接收信号强度指纹定位方式，文章提出了一种无需采集过多数据点建立指纹数据库且能及时矫正定位误差的定位方法。
en-us	In order to achieve fingerprint location based on the strength of low energy bluetooth received signal, a new fingerprint location method is proposed, which does not need to collect too many data points to establish fingerprint database and can correct the positioning error in time.

zh-cn	该方法分为两个阶段，离线数据采集阶段，利用低秩矩阵填充理论恢复只有少量采集点的指纹数据库，减小前期工作量;
en-us	In the off-line phase, we use the low rank matrix completion theory to recover the fingerprint database with only a small number of acquisition points to reduce the workload.

zh-cn	在线数据匹配阶段，对指纹数据库进行聚类匹配后，将定位问题转化为压缩感知模型，提高定位精确度。
en-us	In the online stage, after clustering and matching the fingerprint database, the localization problem is transformed into compressed sensing model to improve positioning accuracy.

zh-cn	对用户在线阶段的实时数据进行均方根操作、反距离权重插值矫正和完善指纹库。实验结果表明，提出的定位算法能够有效减少40%左右的前期数据采集工作量，并将定位误差由0. 93 m减小至0. 71 m。
en-us	Experimental results show that the proposed positioning algorithm can effectively reduce about 40% workload of early data acquisition and reduce the positioning error from 0. 93 m to 0. 71 m.

zh-cn	导频序列在不同小区中不可避免地被复用，从而产生了导频污染，导频污染带来的干扰不会随着基站天线数的增加而减少。
en-us	Pilot sequences are inevitably multiplexed in different cells, resulting in pilot pollutions. The interference caused by pilot pollution does not decrease as the number of base station antennas increases.

zh-cn	导频污染已成为限制大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)系统性能的主要原因之一，
en-us	Pilot decontamination is one of the main reasons, which limits the performance of massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO) systems.

zh-cn	为了减少导频污染带来的影响，文章提出了时移联合空间划分的导频分配方案，
en-us	To reduce the effect of pilot pollution, pilot assignment scheme with time-shift joint space partitioning is proposed, which is based on time and space domains.

zh-cn	该方案通过从时间域和空间域两个方面来减少导频序列的复用次数，从而减少导频污染。
en-us	The pilot decontamination can be mitigated by reducing the number of reused times of the pilot sequence in two directions.

zh-cn	推导出了采用该方案时系统中目标上行用户的可达和速率和信干噪比(SINR)。
en-us	We also derive the achievable uplink users access rate and Signal-Interference-Noise Ratio(SINR)in the system.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提方案能有效减少导频污染，获得较好的系统性能，提高系统吞吐量。
en-us	The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively reduce pilot pollution and improve the system performance.

zh-cn	文章对第六代移动通信系统 (6G) 的总愿景和发展趋势进行了初步探讨，
en-us	This paper makes a preliminary study on the visions and trends of the 6G mobile communication system.

zh-cn	认为基础信息理论的突破是6G发展的源点，发展方向是为人类可持续发展的个性化需求服务。
en-us	It believes that the breakthrough of basic information theory is the starting point of 6G development, and the development direction is to serve the individualized needs of human sustainable development.

zh-cn	文章将网络主体从“人-网-物”3个维度拓展至“人-网-物-境”4个维度，
en-us	Then, we expand the actors from the three dimensions of “human-network-thing” to four dimensions of “human-network-object-environment”, in the network.

zh-cn	认为未来6G将会改变人类广义概念上的“环境”，
en-us	It is believed that future 6G will change the “environment” of the broad concept of human beings.

zh-cn	归纳了6G网络至少4个新形态:无人不互联、无处不互联、无时不互联和无事不互联。
en-us	We summarize the four new forms of 6G networks: interconnection of whomever, wherever, whenever and wkam.

zh-cn	6G遵循以TRUST为原则的网络性能发展趋势，即向Tbit/s级以上带宽、超高可靠性、泛在连接、亚毫秒时延和包括太赫兹频谱、可见光通信以及当前正使用频谱在内的更广域频谱等方向演进，形成网络性能更高级发展阶段。
en-us	The development trend of 6G network performance should follow TRUST principle, including more than Tbit/s level bandwidth, extreme Reliability, Ubiquitous connectivity, Sub-millisecond delay, Terahertz spectrum, visible light communication and spectrum currently in use (including but not limited) .

zh-cn	最后，文章阐述了6G网络不同维度的各子愿景的需求和面临的挑战，后续将会对关键性技术逐步开展研究和修正工作。
en-us	Finally, the paper expounds the representative key theoretical, technical and academic research results from different layer of the 6G network.

zh-cn	针对二维光编解码接入网链路监测系统中多路距离相近用户信号叠加难以设置阈值的问题，提出了一种基于信号相关性的链路状态识别算法。
en-us	To set threshold for multi-user signals overlapping with similar distance in two-dimensional optical coding access network link monitoring system, a link state recognition algorithm based on signal correlation is proposed.

zh-cn	该算法以正常信号为基准，对实时检测的信号进行信号相关性分析，根据带补偿自定义相关系数及系统的编码规则判断具体分支链路状态。
en-us	By analyzing the correlation between the normal signal and the detected signal, the link state is determined according to the self-defined correlation coefficient with compensation and the coding rules of the system.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，针对信号相关性而提出的自定义相关系数可以有效解决二维光编解码接入网链路监测系统中相近距离用户信号叠加问题。
en-us	The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can solve the problem of multi-link reflected signals overlapping with equal distance or similar distance.

zh-cn	搭建了32用户、3路等距实验系统，
en-us	A 32-user experimental system with 3 equal-distance links is built.

zh-cn	等距离链路断路个数为1时，相关系数为0. 6261;
en-us	When one of the 3 equal-distance links is disconnected, the correlation coefficient is 0. 6261;

zh-cn	断路个数为2时，相关系数分别为0.3421、0. 3865，均在阈值区间内。
en-us	when two of the 3 equal-distance links are disconnected, the correlation coefficients are 0. 3421 and 0. 3865, respectively, which are within the threshold interval.

zh-cn	针对光传送网络 (OTN) 中路由及波长分配 (RWA) 问题中的波长分配子问题，文章提出了一种图着色与移动通信网络中移动台寻找服务小区策略相结合的启发式算法，
en-us	In this paper, we present a heuristic algorithm based on graph-coloring and strategy of mobile station selecting serving cell to solve the wavelength-assignment problem which is a sub-problem of Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) problem in Optical Transport Network (OTN) .

zh-cn	给出了算法实现的流程图以及相应的伪代码，并对波长分配子问题中所涉及的关键性指标进行了实验对比分析。
en-us	We provide the process diagram, pseudo-code and designe the parameters to show the performance compared with other wavelength assignment algorithms.