zh-cn	递归神经网络(Recurrent Neural Network, RNN)如今已经广泛用于自动语音识别(Automatic Speech Recognition, ASR)的声学建模。
en-us	Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) are widely used for acoustic modeling in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR).

zh-cn	虽然其较传统的声学建模方法有很大优势，但相对较高的计算复杂度限制了这种神经网络的应用，特别是在实时应用场景中。
en-us	Although RNNs show many advantages over traditional acoustic modeling methods, the inherent higher computational cost limits its usage, especially in real-time applications.

zh-cn	由于递归神经网络采用的输入特征通常有较长的上下文，因此利用重叠信息来同时降低声学后验和令牌传递的时间复杂度成为可能。
en-us	Noticing that the features used by RNNs usually have relatively long acoustic contexts, it is possible to lower the computational complexity of both posterior calculation and token passing process with overlapped information.

zh-cn	该文介绍了一种新的解码器结构，通过有规律抛弃存在重叠的帧来获得解码过程中的计算开销降低。
en-us	This paper introduces a novel decoder structure that drops the overlapped acoustic frames regularly, which leads to a significant computational cost reduction in the decoding process.

zh-cn	特别地，这种方法可以直接用于原始的递归神经网络模型，只需对隐马尔可夫模型(Hidden Markov Model, HMM)结构做小的变动，这使得这种方法具有很高的灵活性。
en-us	Especially, the new approach can directly use the original RNNs with minor modifications on the HMM topology, which makes it flexible.

zh-cn	该文以时延神经网络为例验证了所提出的方法，证明该方法能够在精度损失相对较小的情况下取得 2~4 倍的加速比。
en-us	In experiments on conversation telephone speech datasets, this approach achieves 2 to 4 times speedup with little relative accuracy reduction.

zh-cn	该文提出一种低复杂度的迭代大数逻辑 LDPC 译码算法，在迭代过程中所有的译码信息都以二元形式进行传递、处理和迭代更新。
en-us	A low complexity iterative majority-logic decoding algorithm is presented. For the presented algorithm, binary decoding messages are involved in the message passing, processing and updating process.

zh-cn	所提算法不需要计算外信息，而是利用 Tanner 图上伴随式的对错状态来评判节点可靠度。
en-us	Instead of computing the extrinsic information, the presented algorithm computes the reliability measure based on syndrome states (correct or error) in the Tanner graph.

zh-cn	与现有的几种迭代大数逻辑译码算法相比，该文算法也不需要信息修正处理，避免了相应的实数乘法操作，具有很低的译码复杂度。
en-us	Compared with several existing iterative majority-logic decoding algorithms, the presented algorithm does not require the information scaling and hence can avoid the corresponding real multiplication operations. This leads to very low decoding complexity.

zh-cn	此外，该文引入一种特殊的量化处理函数，并给出了基于离散密度进化的参数优化过程。
en-us	Furthermore, a special quantization is combined with the presented algorithm. The optimization method is also given based on the discrete Density Evolution (DE).

zh-cn	实验仿真表明，该文所提算法与原算法相比，在 AWGN 信道下可获得约 0.3~0.4 dB 的性能提升。
en-us	Simulation results show that, compared with the original algorithm, the presented algorithm can achieve about 0.3~0.4 dB performance gain over the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel.

zh-cn	同时，由于节点间交换传递的译码信息都是基于 1 个比特位的二元信息，也非常便于硬件的设计与实现。
en-us	Moreover, all the decoding messages exchanged among the nodes are binary-based, which makes the presented algorithm convenient for the hardware implementations.

zh-cn	视觉注意机制表明人眼趋向于关注感兴趣区域。
en-us	Human vision pays more attention to the interesting region than other areas.

zh-cn	为了实现图像视觉增强，该文提出基于 2 维直方图分层差分表达理论的图像增强方法。
en-us	A method based on salient region detection for layered difference representation of 2D histogram is proposed to achieve visual enhancement.

zh-cn	该算法首先检测图像的显著性区域，并对该区域进行分割，得到更适合人眼观测的显著图。
en-us	The algorithm detects the salient region by salient filtering and cuts salient region with a threshold for visual perception firstly.

zh-cn	然后统计原图中显著图对应区域的 2 维差分直方图，依据分层差分表达理论和考虑各层之间的内在联系，通过解线性优化问题得到显著性区域差分向量。
en-us	Then, 2D histogram is calculated for related region in original image of salient region, and statistical information in different layers is converted to layer 2 according to the inner relationship of each layer. Following a difference vector is gained though solving a constrained optimization problem of layered difference representation at a specified layer.

zh-cn	定义原始差分向量代表原图特征，将两个向量加权相加后得到全局变换函数，重建得到视觉增强图像。
en-us	To preserve the character of non-salient region, an origin difference vector is defined. Finally, output image is reconstructed by a transformation function, which is the result of two difference vectors for salient region and non-salient region.

zh-cn	实验结果表明：该方法有效地增强图像中人眼感兴趣区域对比度，提升细节信息。
en-us	Experimental results show that the proposed method enhances contrast and details in salient region efficiently while protecting non-salient region in origin image.

zh-cn	客观评价指标表明：与其他 5 种方法比较，该方法处理结果在 3 组实验中在保持全局亮度、提升峰值信噪比及人眼视觉系统敏感度信噪比指标优势明显。
en-us	The objective evaluation parameters in three group experiments illustrate that the proposed algorithm can get better scores in protecting global mean lighting in non-salient region, increasing PSNR and HSNR of the whole image compared to other five algorithms.

zh-cn	该方法增强后图像显著性区域的 EME 值适中，有利于视觉观测。
en-us	The EME value of images enhanced by the proposed method is moderate.

zh-cn	客观指标与主观观察结果一致，表明该方法能有效改善图像视觉效果。
en-us	The objective evaluation parameters are consistent with the subject observation, and it demonstrates the proposed method can achieve visual enhancement effectively.

zh-cn	针对当前映射解析系统存在的映射解析时延过高的问题，该文依据终端的活跃程度，提出一种基于活跃度的分级映射解析系统。
en-us	To deal with the high resolution latencies in current existing mapping system, a hierarchical mapping system is proposed based on active degree.

zh-cn	该系统将通信对端的身份位置映射信息划分为活跃级、中性级和稳定级 3 个等级，并据此建立了一种 3 层的映射解析存储架构，映射副本可根据自身活跃度的变化在 3 层之间动态调整存储位置。
en-us	In the system, the mappings between the identifiers and locators are divided into three levels: active level, neutral level, and constant level. Based on these, a three tiers system architecture for mapping entries storing and resolving is designed. Stored mapping entries in different levels vary with the different active degrees of the remote communication terminal, and flow from one level to another.

zh-cn	为最小化映射解析时延，在系统构建过程中，针对传统 DHT 构建方式存在的非位置感知问题，将系统构建过程建模为马尔科夫决策过程，并提出一种马尔科夫决策构建算法用于求解该模型。
en-us	In order to minimize the mapping resolution latency, the construction model is proposed, which models the system construction process as a Markov Decision Process (MDP). Moreover, a Markov decision construction algorithm is proposed, which improves reinforcement learning to get the global optimal or near-optimal construction strategy.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该系统能够显著降低映射解析时延和提升路由性能，对网络结构的动态变化具有良好的适应性。
en-us	The simulation results show that the system has low resolve latency and good adaptability for network topology dynamic changes.

zh-cn	该文在两层异构网络架构下，采用泊松分布(PPP)建立基站分布模型，构建基于基站密度和业务负载的网络能效模型。
en-us	Poisson Point Process (PPP) is used to establish the distribution model of base stations in two-tier heterogeneous networks, and formulate the energy efficiency maximization problem based on the base station density and the traffic load.

zh-cn	分析基站密度对网络能效的影响，并根据网络业务流量的到达率对宏基站和小基站的密度进行联合优化，得到宏基站和小基站的最优联合密度，在保证网络服务质量的同时，使能效达到最优。
en-us	The influence of the base station density on the energy efficiency is analyzed to optimize the densities of the macro base stations and small base stations according to the traffic load. The optimal densities of the macro base stations and small base stations are deduced, which can optimize the energy efficiency under the constraint of the quality of service.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，在不同的网络业务需求下，通过基站密度的优化，在保证网络服务质量的同时，合理部署宏基站和小基站的数量，可使能效大幅度提高。
en-us	Simulation results indicate that, under the constraint of the quality of service, reasonable deployment of macro and small stations can greatly improve the energy efficiency.

zh-cn	同相支路(I 路)与正交支路(Q 路)不平衡、载波泄漏以及带内失真会造成系统性能损失，尤其是在采用直接变频结构的发射机中。
en-us	The in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) imbalance, carrier leakage and in-band distortion may lead to severe performance degradation, especially in direct-conversion radio architecture.

zh-cn	该文提出一种自适应 I/Q 不平衡矫正方案，针对发射机中存在的与频率相关的 I/Q 不平衡、载波泄漏以及带内失真进行矫正。
en-us	An adaptive pre-distortion scheme is proposed to calibrate I/Q imbalance, carrier leakage and in-band distortion.

zh-cn	该文方案直接估计 I/Q 两支路的反滤波器，避免了先求响应再求逆响应的额外运算，降低了运算复杂度。
en-us	In the proposed scheme, the inverse filter of each branch is estimated directly which avoids redundant computation.

zh-cn	同时，该文还提出一种基于迭代的在线追踪方案，用于跟踪由于发射机温度变化造成的 I/Q 不平衡的参数漂移现象。
en-us	Moreover, an iterative scheme is proposed to track the parameters variation due to temperature in an online manner.

zh-cn	经过复杂度分析，该文提出的方案拥有很高的补偿效率。
en-us	By complexity analysis, the proposed scheme is efficient.

zh-cn	最后，仿真结果验证了两种方案针对各类射频损伤矫正的有效性。
en-us	The effectiveness of the scheme is testified by simulation.

zh-cn	针对目前循环码参数盲识别存在容错率低、所需截获数据多的问题，该文提出一种基于校验矩阵匹配的循环码参数盲识别算法。
en-us	Blind recognition of cyclic code based on check matrix match algorithm is proposed in order to solve the blind identification issue of low fault tolerance rate and large intercepted data.

zh-cn	首先求出所有码字长度n和生成多项式为1nx -的因式对应的校验矩阵作为候选校验矩阵。
en-us	First, the corresponding check matrix of all of the code length n and the factor of 1nx - is regarded as candidate check matrix.

zh-cn	然后利用截获的二进制码流构造截获矩阵，使其与候选校验矩阵相乘，判断在不同的码字长度和同步时刻是否存在校验矩阵，再结合存在校验矩阵对应的多项式来识别码字长度、同步时刻和生成多项式。
en-us	Second, a matrix is filled with intercepted bit stream received from binary symmetric channel. It is multipled with candidate check matrix, and whether check matrix in code length and synchronization exists or not is determined, and then code length, synchronization and generate polynomial can be estimated.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提算法对高码率(63,51)循环码识别，关于码字长度、同步时刻、生成多项式的正确识别率要求在 80%时，系统允许的最大误码率分别可达2224.610, 4.610, 1.610---´´´。
en-us	The simulation results show that if the proposed method is applied to (63, 51) cyclic code, when the probability of correct recognition of code length, synchronization and generate polynomial requires 80%, the maximum bit error rate is 24.610-´, 24.610-´and 21.610-´ respectively.

zh-cn	相位编码正交频分复用(PC-OFDM)雷达是近年来新体制雷达研究热点之一。
en-us	Phase-Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (PC-OFDM) radar has drawn wide attention in high resolution radar application.

zh-cn	该雷达信号对正交多载频进行相位调制，同时具有距离、多普勒高分辨。
en-us	This kind of radar signal transmits orthogonal sub-carriers phase-modulated by specific sequences and has range and Doppler high resolution at the same time.

zh-cn	然而，PC-OFDM 雷达对多普勒频偏较为敏感，该文研究了 PC-OFDM雷达基于循环前缀(CP)对多普勒频偏进行估计，并基于估计值对频偏进行补偿，再进行脉冲压缩。
en-us	Considering its sensitivity to Doppler offset, this paper derives the pulse compression method of PC-OFDM radar, and based on Cyclic Prefix (CP), a Doppler offset estimation and compensation algorithm is proposed.

zh-cn	仿真实验证明，该文方法能有效改善多普勒频偏所带来的 1 维距离像结构破坏和旁瓣抬升。
en-us	Several simulations verify the effectiveness of the method in improving High Resolution Range Profile (HRRP) with Doppler offset.

zh-cn	该文研究了一种由电磁环境对电子设备产生的数字干扰来驱动的切换飞行控制系统性能分析模型。
en-us	This paper proposes the performance analysis model of switched flight control systems driven by the digital upsets when electronics devices are subject to electromagnetic environments.

zh-cn	其中，从电磁干扰的产生原理角度，采用隐马尔可夫模型(Hidden Markov Model, HMM)描述数字电磁干扰特性并对其进行建模分析，同时针对 HMM 参数训练算法存在对初值选择敏感的问题，提出一种快速的初值选择策略，可以在经典 Baum-Welch 算法迭代下达到指定的收敛精度。
en-us	Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is used to describe the characteristics of digital upsets and construct the model based on the theory of the electromagnetic interferences. The parameter estimation algorithms of the traditional training method for HMM are sensitive to initial parameters, therefore, this paper proposes a fast initial parameter selection strategy which can also accelerate the training processes.

zh-cn	最后将 HMM 电磁干扰注入分布式飞行控制系统性能观测平台，从理论与仿真的角度对比了不同电磁环境下分布式飞行控制系统的性能下降情况。
en-us	At the end, HMM-based electromagnetic interferences are fed to the performance observation platform for the distributed flight control systems. This paper also compares multiple performance degradation results under different electromagnetic fields from theory and simulation perspectives.

zh-cn	仿真实验表明：与已有的数字电磁干扰建模分析方法相比，HMM 具有更高的准确度，并且仿真所得性能下降程度与理论分析一致。
en-us	Simulation results demonstrate HMM model can characterize the digital electromagnetic upsets more accurately compared to the existed digital electromagnetic models, and simulation results of the corresponding performance degradation are consistent with the theoretic results.

zh-cn	为提高次用户接入业务端到端传输性能，该文提出通过感知节点检测性能和业务类型的频谱检测与资源分配联合优化方法。
en-us	Joint optimization of cooperative spectrum detection and resource allocation based on the service profile is investigated to enhance end-to-end transmission performance of the secondary users by selecting the sensing nodes.

zh-cn	首先，将上周期全局检测性能构造的有效检测指数作为调节权值，计算信道状态自适应协作门限，据此选择协作模式，以最大化有效检测区间，并根据频带稳定性和有效性特征构造可用频谱空间。
en-us	At first, the adaptive cooperation thresholds are adjusted according to the weight of available detection index based on the global detection metrics in the last round. And the optimal cooperative mode can be selected to maximize the available sensing region. The idle channels are managed depend on the stability and the available bandwidth metrics for different secondary users.

zh-cn	随后，基于业务请求接入速率将接入业务分为时延敏感业务和可靠性敏感业务两类，通过业务属性匹配的频谱分配算法提高接入业务的端到端传输成功率。
en-us	Then, the secondary users can be divided into two categories based on the requested rates, delay sensitive services and reliability sensitive services. The idle channels for the secondary users with different quality of service demands are selected depend on the service profile for enhancing end-to-end transmission performance.

zh-cn	仿真显示，在不同信道状态下，所提算法通过自适应调整全局检测性能扩大了 Rayleigh衰落信道的有效频谱检测区间，降低了时延敏感业务的中断概率。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can expand the available sensing region through adjusting the global detection metrics adaptively in Rayleigh fading channel and increase the resource utility by decreasing the outage of delay sensitive services.

zh-cn	该文针对基于非负低秩稀疏图的半监督学习算法不能准确地描述数据结构的问题，提出一种融合平滑低秩表示和加权稀疏约束的改进算法。
en-us	Semi-supervised learning algorithm based on non-negative low rank and sparse graph can not describe the structures of the data exactly. Therefore, an improved algorithm which integrates smoothed low rank representation and weighted sparsity constraint is proposed.

zh-cn	该算法分别对经典算法的低秩项和稀疏项进行改进，准确地捕获了数据的全局子空间结构和局部线性结构。
en-us	The low rank term and sparse term of the classical algorithm are improved by this algorithm respectively, and the global subspace structure and the locally linear structure can be captured exactly.

zh-cn	在构建目标函数时，使用对数行列式函数代替核范数平滑地估计秩函数，同时利用形状交互信息和有标签样本的类别信息构造加权稀疏约束正则项。
en-us	When building the objective function, the logarithm determinant function instead of the nuclear norm is used to approximate the rank function smoothly. Meanwhile, the shape interaction information and the label information of labeled samples is used to build the weighted sparsity constraint regularization term.

zh-cn	然后通过带有自适应惩罚的线性交替方向方法求解目标函数并采用有效的后处理方法重构数据的图结构，最后利用基于局部和全局一致性的半监督分类框架完成学习任务。
en-us	Then, the objective function is solved by a linearized alternating direction method with adaptive penalty and the graph construction is restructured by an available post-processing method. Finally, a semi-supervised classification framework based on local and global consistency is used to finish the learning task.

zh-cn	在 ORL 库，Extended Yale B 库和 USPS 库上的实验结果表明，该改进算法提高了半监督学习的准确率。
en-us	The experimental results on ORL, Extended Yale B and USPS database show that the improved algorithm improves the accuracy of semi-supervised learning.

zh-cn	针对传统时域对消方法在短时条件下杂波重构精度低、抑制性能差的缺陷，该文提出一种基于压缩感知的天波雷达短时海杂波重构及抑制方法。
en-us	To deal with the drawbacks of low reconstruction accuracy and poor suppression performance of clutter with short Coherent Integration Time (CIT) for traditional time domain cancellation method, a method of sea clutter reconstruction and suppression based on Compressed Sensing (CS) is proposed.

zh-cn	首先对天波雷达短时回波模型进行了建模，在此基础上分析了利用压缩感知进行短时海杂波重构的合理性；
en-us	Firstly, echoes model of Over-The-Horizon Radar (OTHR) with short CIT is established, and the rationality using CS to reconstruct sea clutter is analyzed.

zh-cn	其次分别从基于复冗余正弦字典的回波稀疏表示、基于降维字典的传感矩阵表示和基于改进的正交匹配追踪算法的杂波重构及抑制 3 个步骤对所提算法进行了详细阐述；
en-us	Secondly, the proposed method is elaborated in detail from sparse representation of echoes model based on redundant sinusoidal dictionary, representation of sensing matrix based on dimensionality reduction dictionary and sea clutter reconstruction and suppression based on the modified Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) algorithm respectively.

zh-cn	最后进行了计算机仿真分析和实测数据验证。
en-us	Finally, the computer simulation analysis and measured data verification are accomplished.

zh-cn	相关结果表明，在短时条件下，所提方法较传统时域对消方法和子空间类抑制方法具有较优的杂波抑制性能和工程应用价值。
en-us	The results indicate that the clutter suppression performance and engineering application value of the proposed method are better than the traditional time domain cancellation method and subspace methods in the condition of short CIT.

zh-cn	针对目前大规模软件定义数据中心网络流量路由机制中可扩展性低所带来的性能瓶颈问题，该文提出一种面向树型结构的数据中心网络分段路由机制。
en-us	According to the low scalability of current large-scale software defined data center network traffic routing mechanism which causes network performance bottleneck, this paper proposes a data center network Segment Routing (SR) mechanism based on OpenFlow.

zh-cn	该机制利用边缘交换机对数据流进行阈值检测以区分大小流，同时为满足其不同业务的 QoS 保证和网络可扩展性的要求，该文提出一种针对大流的在线最先适应算法。
en-us	The mechanism distinguishes the size of the flow by making use of edge switches to conduct a data stream threshold test. In order to meet the QoS guarantee and network scalability requirements of different services, this paper proposes a segment routing algorithm for elephant flow.

zh-cn	最后，利用Mininet 在 Fat-tree 结构上进行实验仿真验证，仿真结果表明，与传统的 ECMP 算法和 Mahout 算法相比，该机制在降低了控制器总开销的同时还提高了网络吞吐率。
en-us	Finally, Mininet is utilized for experiment simulation on Fat-tree topology. Compared to the traditional ECMP algorithm and Mahout algorithm, simulation results show that the mechanism reduces the overhead of controller, and has better network throughout.

zh-cn	甚高频(VHF)和超高频(UHF)宽带 MIMO 雷达在实现目标高分辨与成像方面表现出巨大潜力，但也面临着工作频段拥塞和电磁信号干扰问题。
en-us	Wideband MIMO radar exhibits great potential in achieving the goals of high resolution imaging, but it also suffers from the electromagnetic signal congestion and interference problems, especially for radar that works in Very High Frequency (VHF) and Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band.

zh-cn	针对这一问题，该文提出一种基于循环迭代的宽带 MIMO 雷达正交稀疏频谱波形设计方法。
en-us	To solve this problem, a cyclic iterative method for designing orthogonal sparse frequency waveforms is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，将期望频谱矩阵作为待优化的辅助变量，综合考虑最小化发射波形频谱与期望频谱之间的均方误差以及积分旁瓣电平为目标函数，以发射波形恒模和期望频谱幅度满足上、下界约束为条件建立优化模型；
en-us	Firstly, the desired spectrum is used as an auxiliary variable, and a new objective function is constructed based on both the mean square error of the spectrum of transmitting waveform with the desired one and the integration side-lobe levels. The optimization model is established under the constraint that the waveform is constant envelope meanwhile the spectrum magnitude lies between the pre-established upper and lower bounds.

zh-cn	然后，在循环迭代的算法框架下，为提高运算效率，利用快速傅里叶变换和谱分解技术实现模型的求解。
en-us	Then, under the framework of cyclic iterative algorithm, fast Fourier transform and spectral decomposition techniques are used to improve computational efficiency.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，优化波形较现有方法具有更好的稀疏频谱特性，同时还具有低自相关旁瓣和互相关性。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed method has good performance in designing orthogonal sparse frequency waveforms with low auto-correlation and cross-correlation side lobes.

zh-cn	该文针对混沌信号盲分离问题，提出一种改进盲分离算法。
en-us	To solve the problem of blind source separation for chaotic signals, an improved blind separation algorithm is proposed.

zh-cn	该算法利用信号分离评价指标来构造函数实现步长和动量因子的自适应调整，然后将构造函数代入盲分离算法中并引入自适应动量项。
en-us	A function is constructed by signal separation evaluation index, which adaptively updates the step size and momentum factor, then substitutes the obtained variable step-size function into blind source separation algorithm and introduces the adaptive momentum item.

zh-cn	区别于大多数算法不对混合矩阵进行估计的问题，该算法用变步长函数迭代估计出混合矩阵，从而得到全局矩阵和估计评价指标，以此迭代更新步长和动量因子，最终得出分离矩阵。
en-us	Different from most algorithms which can not estimate the mixing matrix, the proposed algorithm estimates iteratively the mixing matrix by the variable step function, then the global matrix and the estimated evaluation can be obtained on which step and momentum factor are iteratively updated. Finally, the separation matrix is obtained.

zh-cn	仿真表明，该算法依据估计评价指标构造函数调整步长和动量因子方法是有效的，在平稳和非平稳环境下对混合混沌信号分离时都能达到收敛速度快且稳态误差小的效果；
en-us	Simulations show that the algorithm is effective to adjust the step and momentum factor based on the estimated evaluation index constructor. In stationary and non-stationary environments, the algorithm has faster convergence speed and lower steady error for separating the mixed chaotic signals.

zh-cn	在混入色噪声时，比传统算法抗噪性能好，表明该文算法在混沌信号盲分离处理中有一定应用价值。
en-us	When mixed with color noise, the proposed algorithm is better than that of the traditional algorithm, which shows that the proposed algorithm has certain application value to the chaotic signal blind source separation processing.

zh-cn	全双工通信技术可以提高链路容量和频谱利用率，会给现有无线局域网(WLAN)带来极大的变革。
en-us	Full duplex communication technology can improve the link capacity and spectrum utilization, which brings great changes to the existing Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN).

zh-cn	该文针对传统半双工 WLAN 向全双工 WLAN 发展的过程中多种双工站点共存的问题，提出一种混合双工媒体接入控制(MAC)协议(HYD-MAC)。
en-us	To Solve the compatibility issues in the process of half-duplex WLAN evolution to full-duplex WLAN, a HYbrid-Duplex MAC protocol (HYD-MAC) is proposed.

zh-cn	该协议合理设计了请求发送/清除发送(RTS/CTS)帧，并根据网络隐藏节点状况和站点全双工能力，自适应地选择最佳的传输模式，包括同步全双工、异步全双工、条件半双工以及半双工等 4 种模式。
en-us	According to the application scenarios and the full-duplex capability of the stations, the Request To Send/Clear To Send (RTS/CTS) frames are expanded and HYD-MAC can adaptively choose one from the four duplex modes, which are the synchronous full duplex, the asynchronous full duplex, the conditional half-duplex and half-duplex.

zh-cn	给出了 HYD-MAC 协议在 4 种传输模式下的链路建立与数据传输流程，分析了 HYD-MAC 的饱和吞吐量和介质访问时延等网络性能。
en-us	The link establishment process of HYD-MAC protocol in four transmission modes are presented, and the network performance such as the network saturation throughput and medium access delay of the proposed protocol are analyzed.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，与经典的全双工协议相比，HYD-MAC协议通过牺牲极少的吞吐量和时延性能，可以同时满足全双工、半双工以及混合双工网络的通信需求。
en-us	The results show that the HYD-MAC protocol can satisfy the communication requirements of the full-duplex network, half-duplex network and hybrid-duplex network at the same time by sacrificing little throughput and delay performance.

zh-cn	异构无线网络(Heterogeneous Wireless Networks, HWNs)环境下现有接入控制算法的主要问题是通过单一的传输链路建立移动用户和无线网络之间的连接，并且接入过程中的资源分配没有对全网的传输性能进行优化。
en-us	The main problems in the existing access control algorithm under the environment of Heterogeneous Wireless Networks (HWNs) is to set up the connection between mobile users and wireless network through a single transmission link and the resources allocation lacks for optimizing transmission of the whole network in the access process.

zh-cn	为了解决上述问题，该文分析了 HWNs 中的资源分配模型和链路接入速率模型，提出一种支持多链路接入的动态资源分配算法 MLA-DRA。
en-us	In order to solve the above problems, the resource allocation model and access link rate model in HWNs are analyzed, and a Multiple Link Access and Dynamic Resource Allocation (MLA-DRA) algorithm that supports multi-link access is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	算法以最大化系统传输速率为目标，将用户接入过程转化为前后相互联系的多阶段决策过程，利用前一阶段用户的资源分配状态计算下一阶段用户的最优解，从而推导出系统传输速率的最优值。
en-us	The algorithm takes the maximum of the system transmission rate as object function, transfers the user access process into the multi-stage decision process that is mutually connected, and employs the previous resource allocation state to calculate the optimal solution of next user, thus deduces the optimal value of system transmission rate.

zh-cn	在仿真平台上对 MLA-DRA 算法进行了性能分析，并且和其它算法进行了性能比较，实验结果表明，MLA-DRA 算法能有效利用系统资源以及提高系统传输速率。
en-us	In the simulation platform, the performance of MLA-DRA algorithm is analyzed, and is compared with other algorithms. Experimental results show that MLA-DRA algorithm can effectively utilize the system resources and improve the system transmission rate.

zh-cn	在 Femtocell 家庭基站(Femtocell Base Station, FBS)组成的异构网络中，为提升网络的频谱效率，FBS与 Macrocell 宏基站(Macrocell Base Station, MBS)一般要求是同频部署，然而同频部署会产生同信道干扰。
en-us	In order to improve the spectrum efficiency in the Femtocell home Base Station (FBS) heterogeneous network, FBS and Macrocell Base Station (MBS) are usually deployed with the same frequency. However, the same frequency deployment will inevitably lead to larger co-channel interference.

zh-cn	为了实现 FBS 的大规模部署，降低网络同信道干扰影响变得尤为重要。
en-us	In order to achieve the large-scale deployment of FBS, reducing the interference of the network with the channel is particularly important.

zh-cn	该文提出一种基于 Q-learning 的子信道分配方案，既保证大量部署的 FBS 不会对 MBS 带来过高的跨层干扰，同时也降低了 FBS 之间的同层干扰。
en-us	In this paper, a sub channel allocation scheme is propsed based on Q-learning.  It can ensure that FBS will not bring high cross-layer interference of MBS, while it reduces the same layer interference between two FBS.

zh-cn	同时针对 FBS稀疏部署和密集部署的场景，分别进行了算法的仿真验证，其仿真结果表明该算法降低了干扰，验证了理论的正确性。
en-us	The simulation of the algorithm of FBS sparse deployment and dense deployment situation are performed, respectively. Simulation results show that this algorithm reduces the same layer interference and verifies the correctness of the theory.

zh-cn	全双工技术可以使频谱利用率翻倍，是 5G 系统的关键技术之一。
en-us	The full-duplex transmission is one of the key technologies in the 5G communication systems, due to the ability of improving spectrum efficiency.

zh-cn	采用直接变换结构的全双工系统中残余自干扰(Residual Self-Interference, RSI)和同相/正交(In-phase/Quadrature, I/Q)不平衡是限制系统性能的两大主要因素。
en-us	However, the performance of the full-duplex system, with the zero intermediate frequency structure, is badly impacted by the Residual Self-Interference (RSI) and In-phase/ Quadrature (I/Q) imbalance.

zh-cn	该文针对存在 I/Q 不平衡的 OFDM 全双工双向中继系统，建立了译码转发中继模式下的全双工系统信号模型，分析了瑞利衰落信道下系统的中断性能，获得了系统中断概率的闭式表达式。
en-us	In this paper, the OFDM full-duplex bidirectional relaying system under the RSI and I/Q Imbalance (IQI) is investigated, in a cooperative scenario where the Decode-and-Forward (DF) protocol is considered. The outage performance of the system and its closed-form expressions are derived under Rayleigh fading channels, and the influences of the IQI and RSI on system performances are analyzed, respectively.

zh-cn	仿真结果不仅验证了理论分析的正确性，还得到结论：随着 I/Q 不平衡程度和残余自干扰强度的降低，系统中断性能将得到改善；
en-us	The simulation results verify the analysis, and the conclusions are given as follows. First, the outage performance improves as decreasing of the IQI and RSI.

zh-cn	只有沿着最速下降路线降低 I/Q 不平衡或中继节点 RSI，才能实现最优的性能提升；
en-us	Second, the optimal improvement of outage performance is achieved by reducing the RSI and I/Q imbalance, according the route with the steepest descent method.

zh-cn	通过系统 I/Q 不平衡与 RSI 参数所在的坐标点和最速下降路线的相对位置关系，来确定改善全双工双向中继系统中断性能的最优措施。
en-us	Third, the best way for enhancing the outage performance is chosen, by the relative position between the steepest descent route and the current coordinate of IQI-RSI.

zh-cn	为了增强唯相位波束形成(Phase-Only Beamforming, POB)的干扰和噪声抑制性能，提高非凸 POB 权值求解的实时性，该文设计了迭代优化最小化(Iterative Majorization Minimization, IMM)唯相位最小方差无失真响应波束形成器(Minimum Variance Distortion-less Response Beamformer, MVDRB)。
en-us	To improve the interference and noise suppression ability of Phase-Only Beamforming (POB) and the real-time performance to obtain the optimal weight of the uon-convex POB, a phase-only Minimum Variance Distortion-less Response Beamformer (MVDRB) via the Iterative Majorization Minimization (IMM) algorithm is designed. The distortion-less response constraint is transformed into maximizing array response in the desired direction.

zh-cn	将无失真响应约束转化成最大化期望方向阵列响应，推导了二次型目标函数的上界，得到 IMM-POB 优化模型，并进一步推导出每次迭代的闭式最优解。
en-us	The upper bound function of the objective function in quadratic form is derived which generates the IMM-POB model. The optimal weight in closed-form for each iteration is further deduced.

zh-cn	仿真分析表明所设计的 IMM-POB：在相同输入信噪比下，可获得高于现有迭代算法和最优 MVDRB的信干噪比改善；
en-us	Simulation analysis illustrates that the proposed IMM-POB can obtain better signal to interference and noise ratio improvement compared with the existing iterative POB algorithms and the optimal MVDRB;

zh-cn	干扰抑制性能几乎完全逼近最优 MVDRB，且具有更优的噪声抑制性；
en-us	its interference suppression ability approximates the optimal MVDRB with better noise suppression ability;

zh-cn	受快拍数影响较小；
en-us	it is much less sensitive to the number of array taps compared with the optimal MVDRB;

zh-cn	闭式最优权仅包含单次矩阵和向量乘法，使算法具有较强的实时性，可应用于大规模阵列。
en-us	it has strong real-time performance and can be applied to large-scale array.

zh-cn	该文针对单路延迟对消系统不能有效解决多径信道的超短波无线电台共址干扰消除问题，给出了等间隔多路延迟正交合成的射频干扰对消方案，进而提出了新的衰减系数求解方法。
en-us	The one delay tap cancellation system is weakly to suppress the co-site interference between the Very High Frequency (VHF) radios in multipath channel. To overcome this obstacle, a Radio Frequency (RF) interference cancellation scheme based on the multi-tap delay and orthogonal combination is presented, as well as a new solving attenuation coefficients method.

zh-cn	在设定时间延迟范围和参考信号路数基础上，该方法通过迭代加权实时有效估计多路参考信号的相关矩阵，接收信号与参考信号的相关向量，进而求解维纳霍夫方程得到各路衰减系数，有效抑制多径信道的自干扰，克服了已有方法需同时调节幅度和相位，以及相关向量和相关矩阵估计精度低的不足。
en-us	Considering the fixed delay scale and the number of taps, this method accurately estimates the reference signal autocorrelation matrix and the cross-correlation vector between reference signals and received signal on the basis of instantaneous and iterative weighted averaging. The attenuation coefficients are achieved by solving Wiener-Hopf equation via the estimated autocorrelation matrix and cross-correlation vector. Compared with the existing approaches, this method does not need to adjust and control the amplitudes as well as the phases of reference signals simultaneously, and it improves the accuracy of estimating cross-correlation vector and autocorrelation matrix.

zh-cn	另外，理论分析了衰减系数的求解过程，并推导了自干扰对消比的闭合表达式。
en-us	In addition, the closed-form expression of self-interference cancellation ratio is derived through theoretically analyzing the attenuation coefficients solution.

zh-cn	分析和仿真结果表明，该方法在一定延迟误差情况下，可获得 90 dB 以上的对消比，比已有方法提高了约 9 dB，有效解决了多径信道的射频干扰对消问题。
en-us	The analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method could obtain self-interference cancellation ratio of more than 90 dB, which is about 9 dB higher than the existing method. This study is significant for eliminating RF self-interference in multipath channel.

zh-cn	现有多中继无线网络中传输调度方案主要针对单信源且转发链路状态相同的情况，多采用顺序转发的调度方式，传输效率较低。
en-us	Current scheduling schemes in multi-relay wireless network mainly focuse on single source wireless network with the same link status. Furthermore, the sequential-forward scheduling scheme is used usually, and the transmission efficiency is comparatively low.

zh-cn	针对此问题，该文提出一种基于随机线性网络编码的优先级调度方案。
en-us	To solve this problem, a priority scheduling scheme based on random linear network coding is proposed.

zh-cn	该方案在不同的传输阶段，利用信息包接收状态或编码向量之间的线性关系生成反馈信息，计算中继节点的有效信息包数。
en-us	In different transmission stages, the feedback information is generated according to the packets accepting state or the linear relation among the encoding vectors. The number of the effective packets of the corresponding relay node is calculated.

zh-cn	在转发链路状态不同的情况下，综合考虑各中继节点的有效信息与链路传输可靠性，确定优先级，从而完成调度。
en-us	In the condition of different link status, the effective information of each relay node and the link transmission reliability is taken into consideration comprehensively to generate the priority index and complete scheduling.

zh-cn	该方案实现了多中继对多信源信息的协同转发，在转发链路状态差异较大时，能自适应地选择最优转发节点和路径，提高信息包的传输成功率。
en-us	This scheme can realize cooperation transmission in multi-relays for multi-sources information. When the link status difference is obvious, the optimal forwarding node and the path can be adaptively chosen to improve the information transmission efficiency.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，相比传统基于单信源或顺序调度的方案，该方案能有效提高网络吞吐量，减少重传次数。
en-us	According to the simulation results, this scheme can effectively improve network throughput and reduce the number of retransmission compared with the traditional scheduling schemes for single source wireless network.

zh-cn	传统的静态频谱分配方式难以适应未来无线通信业务的发展需求，可能导致运营商业务和用户服务质量受到限制。
en-us	Traditional static spectrum allocation can not adapt to the future development of wireless communication services, leading to limited profits for operators and poor Quality of Service (QoS) for users.

zh-cn	针对此问题，该文建立了一个包括频谱租赁服务平台层、运营商层及用户层的多运营商频谱共享模型。在该模型中，多个 A 类运营商将其多余频谱放置在频谱租赁服务平台，供 B 类运营商租赁，B 类运营商与多个 A 类运营商既竞争用户又共享部分频谱。
en-us	To solve the problem, this paper proposes a three-layer spectrum sharing model including operators, users, and a spectrum leasing platform, where A operators place their excess spectrum in the leasing platform for B operators to lease. This paper considers a situation where multiple operators cooperate to share portions of spectrum but compete to serve users, then the optimal spectrum leasing strategy is studied.

zh-cn	该文形成了以各类运营商利润最大化为优化目标，以 A 类运营商的频谱出租量和 B 类运营商租赁的频谱种类及数量为优化变量的最优化问题，并求得最优解。
en-us	The goal of this paper is to find the optimal leasing strategy for both A and B operators to maximize their profits while guaranteeing the QoS for users.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提策略在保证用户服务质量(QoS)的同时，显著提高频谱资源利用率，并使运营商利润大幅增加。
en-us	Numerical results show that the proposed strategy not only improves the efficiency of spectrum utilization effectively but also shows a big advantage in increasing operators‘ profits.

zh-cn	传统协作通信常采用译码转发(DF)协议。
en-us	Traditionally, the cooperative communications usually uses Decode-and-Forward (DF) strategy.

zh-cn	而该协议在源-中继节点链路通信质量较差情况下，易出现误码传播现象。
en-us	However, there is easily error propagation phenomenon by the strategy, when the quality of the communication link between source and relay is poor.

zh-cn	为了改进该问题，该文提出可应用于编码协作(CC)机制的 Raptor 编码协作方案，其可在高信噪比下获得较大编码增益和满分集增益。
en-us	To solve the problem, a novel Raptor coded cooperation scheme, which can be used in the Coded Cooperation (CC) strategy, is proposed to achieve rather high coding gains and full diversity gains in high Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) regime.

zh-cn	它在源节点和中继节点使用不同 Raptor 编码，使中继节点新编码码字为源节点码字的部分校验信息，使接收端所得码字独立不等。
en-us	In this scheme, different Raptor codes are employed at the source and relay nodes, so the codeword at each node is independent and unequal. Meanwhile, the codeword at relay node is the parity check section of the codeword at the source node.

zh-cn	因此，目的节点在分别接收来自不同独立链路消息后，可根据码字间固有关系联合译码，以获得额外发送空间分集增益。
en-us	Therefore, after receiving the data transmitted from different independent links, the destination node tries to decode them jointly by the intrinsic relationship among them, to obtain additionally spatial diversity gains in transmission.

zh-cn	为了降低复杂度，Raptor 码的预编码还可采用整数序列构造的准循环低密度奇偶校验(QC-LDPC)码，从而获得较低线性预编码复杂度。
en-us	In addition, in order to reduce the complexity of Raptor encoding and decoding, the Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity-Check (QC-LDPC) codes are constructed by integer sequence and employed as the pre-coding.

zh-cn	仿真表明：在误比特率(BER)为410-时，所提 Raptor 编码协作方案较传统 DF 协议 Raptor 方案，Raptor 与分布式空时分组码(DSTBC)结合方案，分别有 2 dB 和 1 dB 增益。
en-us	Simulations indicate that the proposed Raptor CC scheme achieves 2 dB and 1 dB performance gains compared with those of the traditional DF based one and a scheme with the combination of a Raptor code and a Distributed Space-Time Block Code (DSTBC), respectively, at Bit Error Rate (BER) of 410-.

zh-cn	此外，当中断概率为210-时，其性能较 CC, DF 协作方案提高了约 2 dB 和 7 dB。
en-us	Moreover, the performance improves about 2 dB and 7 dB at the outage of 210-, when compared with those of the CC strategy and DF strategy, respectively.

zh-cn	僵尸主机(Bot)安全隐蔽地获取控制命令信息是保证僵尸网络能够正常工作的前提。
en-us	The bot must obtain the Command and Control (C&C) information covertly and securely, which is a necessary precondition to ensure botnet work correctly and normally.

zh-cn	该文针对本地网络同类型 Bot 隐蔽地获取控制命令信息问题，提出一种基于 LLMNR 协议与证据理论的命令控制信息分享机制，首先定义了开机时间比和 CPU 利用率两个评价 Bot 性能的指标。
en-us	For the problem that how to covertly get and share C&C information between the same type bots in local network, a C&C Information Sharing scheme based on Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution (LLMNR) protocol and Evidential (CCISLE) theory is proposed. Firstly, for measuring bot performance, two metrics are defined: running time ratio and CPU utilization rate.

zh-cn	其次本地网络中多个同类 Bot 间利用 LLMNR Query包通告各自两个指标值，并利用 D-S 证据理论选举出僵尸主机临时代表 BTL(Bot Temporary Leader)。
en-us	Secondly, the same type bots will inform their own two metrics to each other via LLMNR query packets and utilize D-S evidential theory to vote BTL (Bot Temporary Leader).

zh-cn	接着仅允许 BTL 与命令控制服务器进行通信并获取命令控制信息。
en-us	Then only BTL can be proved to communicate with C&C servers and C&C information can be obtained.

zh-cn	最后，BTL 通过 LLMNR Query 包将命令控制信息分发给其它 Bot。
en-us	Lastly, BTL will share the C&C information with other bots through LLMNR query packets.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该机制能使多个同类 Bot 完成命令控制信息的共享，选举算法能根据 Bot 评价指标实时有效选举出 BTL，在网络流量较大时仍呈现较强的鲁棒性，且选举过程产生流量也具有较好隐蔽性。
en-us	The experimental results show that CCISLE can help the same type bots achieve sharing C&C information successfully. The voting algorithm based on D-S evidential theory is able to elect BTL effectively with two proposed metrics and still present better robustness when in heavy network traffic. Moreover, the traffic produced during BTL voting process also has good covertness.

zh-cn	为求解较大规模 FPRM 逻辑电路中多约束条件下的极性优化问题，该文提出一种基于多目标离散粒子群优化(Multi-Objective Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization, MODPSO)算法的求解方法。
en-us	For multi-constrained polarity optimization of large-scale FPRM circuits, a Multi-Objective Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (MODPSO) algorithm is proposed.

zh-cn	首先针对 FPRM 电路极性设计需要满足延时短、面积小的多约束要求，构建了多目标决策模型。
en-us	Firstly, the multi-objective decision model is established according to the delay-area trade-off of large-scale FPRM circuits.

zh-cn	然后结合极性转换算法和 MODPSO 算法，对电路进行最优极性搜索，以获取电路延时和面积的 Pareto 最优解集。
en-us	Secondly, combined with tabular technique and MODPSO, the best polarities of delay and area are searched for large-scale FPRM circuits, to obtain the Pareto optimal set for delay and area.

zh-cn	最后利用 17 个 MCNC Benchmark 电路进行测试，并将 MODPSO 算法与 DPSO 算法、NSGA-II 算法进行实验对比，结果验证了算法的有效性。
en-us	Finally, the algorithm MODPSO is compared with the algorithm DPSO and NSGA-II on MCNC Benchmarks with PLA format, and the results verify the effectiveness of the MODPSO.

zh-cn	在基于惯性传感器的室内人员自主定位系统中，由于陀螺仪存在随时间增长的漂移，需要依靠地磁场对航向校正。
en-us	In inertial based self-contained pedestrian positioning systems, because the drifts of the gyroscopes grow with time, it relies on the earth magnetic field to suppress the heading errors.

zh-cn	然而，室内场景中地磁场会受到比较严重的干扰，磁力计自身也存在一定误差，严重影响了地磁场辅助定位的航向校正效果。
en-us	However, the earth magnetic field suffers from severe interference in indoor scenarios, and the magnetometer itself has measurement errors, the above reasons have dramatically limited the performance of the magnetometer-aided heading error calibration.

zh-cn	该文提出一种地磁辅助的室内定位航向校正方法，该方法首先结合人体运动模型对磁力计进行校准，获取相关校准系数，提高磁力计解算航向精度。
en-us	This paper proposes a magnetic-aided heading error calibration approach. Firstly, the magnetometer is calibrated according to the motion model of the pedestrian and the calibration coefficients obtained are used to improve the accuracy of heading derived by the magnetometer.

zh-cn	在此基础上利用改进的磁场准静态检测方法提取可用的磁力计观测量，经校准系数校准后结合零速更新算法(Zero velocity UPdaTe, ZUPT)辅助的扩展卡尔曼滤波(Extended Kalman Filter, EKF)，对陀螺仪航向进行滤波校正。
en-us	On this basis, a proved Quasi-Static magnetic Field (QSF) detection approach is proposed to extract the usable magnetic information fed into Zero velocity UPdaTe (ZUPT)- aided Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) algorithm to conduct the heading calibration.

zh-cn	实验结果显示在长约 684 m 的轨迹下航向误差仅为 3.2°定位误差小于 0.5 m，定位精度优于 0.2%，验证了该方法较传统的磁场辅助航向校正方法的优越性。
en-us	The experiment results show that the 684 meter long walk only has a position error of less than 0.5 meter and heading error of 3.2 degrees, and the position error is less than 0.2% of the total walking distance. The results indicate that the performance of the proposed method is superior to the existing approach.

zh-cn	水体对光能量有较强的吸收和散射作用，造成水下图像颜色失真，对比度下降。
en-us	Due to the absorption and scattering when light is traveling in water, there are two major problems of underwater imaging: color distortion and low contrast.

zh-cn	传统的图像增强方法和复原方法处理水下图像时各有不足，该文结合水下成像物理模型和基于 Retinex 理论的图像增强算法，提出水下图像清晰化方案。
en-us	Traditional enhancement and restoration methods can not handle these problems very well, so, this paper proposes a new approach based on the underwater optical imaging model and a Retinex-based enhancing approach.

zh-cn	首先，基于图像统计特性给出一种简单的颜色校正方法，以去除颜色失真；
en-us	Firstly, a simple color correction method based on statistical method is adopted to address the color distortion.

zh-cn	在水下图像成像理论框架下，利用边界约束求得初始透射率，再使用自适应维纳滤波进行优化；
en-us	Then the adaptive Wiener filter is used to optimize the initial transmission map with the boundary constraints.

zh-cn	在此基础上，提出加权 L1正则化模型对亮度层进行增强，最后再进行自适应 Gamma 校正。
en-us	In order to make the result more naturalness, a weighted L1 regularization model is proposed to enhance the luminance layer. Finally, an adaptive Gamma correction operation is adopted for post-processing.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，算法可以有效去除颜色失真，而且能够大幅提升图像的对比度和清晰度。
en-us	Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in restoring the original color of the scene and enhancing image contrast and the visibility.

zh-cn	该文给出了一个新的二次多项式混沌系统，并利用系统与 Tent 映射拓扑共轭的性质，给出了系统的概率密度函数，基于概率密度的形式，进一步设计了一个变换函数，实现了系统的均匀化。
en-us	A new quadratic polynomial chaotic system is given and homogenized based on its probability density function.

zh-cn	针对均匀化前后的混沌系统构造了 S 盒生成算法，对该算法产生的 300 个 S 盒进行差分概率(DP)和线性概率(LP)的统计分析，结果表明均匀化后混沌系统产生的 S 盒的 DP 和 LP 略优于均匀化前的值。
en-us	Then, based on the chaotic systems before and after homogenization, an S-box generation algorithm is constructed. By numerical simulation, the algorithm dynamically generates 300 S-boxes and then analyses their Differential Probability (DP) and Linear Probability (LP). The statistical results show that the uniform chaotic system can produce better performance of S-boxes.

zh-cn	针对移动 Ad hoc 网络动态拓扑特性，该文提出一种以可靠路径稳定度估计为基础的多路径路由优化算法。
en-us	To deal with dynamic network topology in Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs), a reliability-enhanced multipath source routing algorithm is proposed based on accurate path stability estimation.

zh-cn	该算法从路径剩余生存期统计特性出发，充分考虑相邻链路生存期相关性，从而消除已有算法在路径稳定度估计中存在的理论误差，并利用优化后的稳定度准则实现路由发现进程的多路径选取和基于备用路径支持的快速路由修复。
en-us	In order to eliminate theoretical errors existing in current approaches, statistical properties of residual path lifetime are exploited by fully introducing correlation among neighboring links' residual link lifetime. Optimized link and path stability metric is then provided to realize a multipath-enabled routing discovery procedure and a backup path-support fast routing recovery mechanism.

zh-cn	仿真对比结果表明，该算法具有较快的收敛速度，能够有效提高网络吞吐量，缩短数据传输时延并降低路由开销，更好地保证较高节点移动度下的数据传输稳定性。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed routing algorithm can achieve fast routing discovery convergence, increase network throughput, reduce data transmission delay, and lower routing overhead. Furthermore, high network reliability can be well guaranteed even under high node mobility degree.

zh-cn	多径干扰是高精度定位的主要误差源，估计多径参数对消除多径误差，提高导航系统定位精度具有重要意义。
en-us	Multipath is the dominant error source for high-accuracy positioning systems. It is significant for eliminating the multipath error and improving the positioning accuracy to estimate multipath parameters.

zh-cn	针对扩展 Kalman 滤波(EKF)在进行多径参数估计时，存在对初值敏感，估计结果在真值附近具有较大波动的缺点，该文提出一种基于粒子滤波(PF)和滑动平均 EKF 的多径估计算法。
en-us	There are two main disadvantages for multipath parameters estimation by using the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF): it is sensitive to the initial value; filtering results fluctuate obviously around actual values. To solve these problems, an improved multipath estimation algorithm based on Particle Filter (PF) and sliding average EKF is proposed.

zh-cn	该算法首先利用 PF 得到多径参数的粗略估计值，并将该值作为 EKF 的初始估计值，以克服 EKF 对初值敏感的问题。
en-us	Firstly, PF is used to obtain rough estimation values of multipath parameters, which are set as initial estimations for EKF to reduce the initial value sensitivity.

zh-cn	接着对 EKF 的估计结果进行滑动平均，并将平均后的滤波结果作为多径参数的估计结果。
en-us	Then, the EKF filtering results are smoothed by sliding average. The smoothing results are outputted as the multipath estimation.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，改进后的多径估计算法可有效降低估计结果的波动幅度，同时解决了 EKF 对初值敏感的问题。
en-us	The simulation results show that the estimation results of the proposed algorithm have smaller fluctuation magnitude compared with EKF, and it is insensitive to the initial estimation.

zh-cn	导弹在末制导阶段因惯导误差导致弹体实际位置和惯导指示位置存在较大偏差，影响导引头对目标的准确定位，无法满足精确打击的应用需求。
en-us	There is a large deviation between the actual position of the missile and inertial guidance position in the final guidance stage due to the inertial navigation error, which influences seeker's accuration on positioning to the target, so it can not meet the application needs of precision strike.

zh-cn	由于弹载合成孔径雷达在导弹俯冲下降段特殊的成像几何构型，目标点对应斜视角所在的平面与成像平面异面，因而传统的基于多普勒测角的定位方法已不再适用。
en-us	Due to the special imaging geometry of the missile borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) in the descending section, the squint angle plane of the target point is different from the imaging plane, so the traditional positioning method based on Doppler angle measurement is no longer applicable.

zh-cn	该文利用图像匹配获取的高精度地面点相对位置信息和雷达到各目标点的高精度斜距信息，通过构建欧拉四面体几何模型，以场景数字高程作为先验信息筛选参考点，解算出以目标点为原点构建的北天东坐标系下的弹体实际位置，从而为弹体修偏提供准确信息。
en-us	This paper uses image matching to obtain high precision ground point relative position information and the high precision slant range information between radar and target point. By constructing a Euler tetrahedral geometry model, using the scene digital elevation as a priori information to screen the reference point, the actual position of the missile in the established North-sky-East coordinate system with an origin of the target point is calculated. Then it can provide accurate information for the missile maintenance.

zh-cn	仿真实验验证了该定位方法能很好地满足导弹末制导阶段的目标定位需求。
en-us	Simulation results show that this method can meet the requirements of target positioning on missile terminal guidance stage well.

zh-cn	论文提出基于平行嵌套阵互协方差的 2 维(Two Dimensional, 2D)波达角(Direction Of Arrival, DOA)联合估计算法。
en-us	A Cross Covariance Matrix (CCM) based Two Dimensional (2D) Direction Of Arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm for parallel nested array is proposed.

zh-cn	算法基于两个互相平行的嵌套阵的互协方差生成较长虚拟阵列，同时将 2 维 DOA 估计问题降维为 1 维 DOA 估计问题。
en-us	A long virtual array can be achieved based on the CCM between the two parallel nested arrays, and 2D DOA estimation can be transformed to a 1D DOA estimation problem.

zh-cn	在构造协方差矩阵时，利用方向矩阵范德蒙特性增加虚拟快拍数，保证了孔径的最小损失。
en-us	Thereafter, virtual snapshots are increased by exploiting the Vandermonde structure of direction matrix, and the aperture loss is minimized when constructing covariance matrix from the virtual array.

zh-cn	最后算法基于酉旋转不变技术(Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Technique, ESPRIT)和总体最小二乘(Total Least Squares, TLS)方法进一步降低噪声影响，并获得了自动配对的 2 维 DOA 估计。
en-us	Finally, the proposed algorithm employs unitary Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Technique (ESPRIT) and Total Least Squares (TLS) to reduce further the influence of noise and achieve automatically paired 2D DOA estimation.

zh-cn	相比传统平行阵下的 DOA 估计算法，该算法拥有更好的 DOA 估计性能，能辨识更多的空间信源，对空间色噪声有更强的鲁棒性。
en-us	Compared to DOA estimation algorithms using conventional parallel array, the proposed algorithm can achieve better DOA estimation performance, identify more signals and is more robust to spatial color noise.

zh-cn	仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。
en-us	The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

zh-cn	该文提出一种基于人工免疫的同步字识别算法，解决了无线网络链路层协议帧同步字的识别问题。
en-us	Inspired by biologic immune system, a novel frame synchronization word identification algorithm based on artificial immune is proposed.

zh-cn	算法在定义相关概念的基础上，通过对已知协议类型文件集脱氧核苷酸(ODN)浓度的计算，得到了相关协议的同步字脱氧核苷酸库；
en-us	Firstly, due to the calculation of ODN concentration of known protocol type file set, ODN library of synchronization word in corresponding protocol is constructed.

zh-cn	然后，利用得到的同步字脱氧核苷酸库与相关文件集进行连续一致匹配，生成同步字检测基因库；
en-us	Then, through uniform continuity matching between ODN library of synchronization word and relevant file set, the detecting synchronization word gene library is constructed.

zh-cn	最后，利用得到的同步字脱氧核苷酸库和同步字检测基因库，通过连续一致匹配和基因相似度值的计算，实现了同步字的准确识别。
en-us	At last, through calculating similarity value and uniform continuity matching by using ODN library of synchronization word and detecting gene library, synchronization word can be identified exactly.

zh-cn	仿真实验验证了算法的有效性，与已有的模式串匹配算法相比，所提算法的鲁棒性较好，具有一定的工程应用价值。
en-us	The new method, which has higher accurate recognition than pattern matching algorithm suggested by simulation results, has significant potential in engineering application.

zh-cn	超宽带(Ultra Wide Band, UWB)室内定位系统的定位性能主要受信号非视距(None Line Of Sight, NLOS)传播影响。
en-us	The performance of UWB indoor positioning system is mainly affected by NLOS errors.

zh-cn	为此该文提出一种基于信道统计量(Channel Statistics Information, CSI)的信道 NLOS 状态检测法。
en-us	In this paper, a channel state detection method based on channel statistics is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法首先在 IEEE802.15.4a 信道模型下对均方根时延扩展和平均超量延迟的概率分布函数进行建模，作为信道标准分布。
en-us	The probability distribution function of Root Mean Square Delay Spread (RMS) and Mean Excess Delay (MED) under IEEE802.15.4a standard is modeled as standard distribution.

zh-cn	再以信道瞬时分布与标准分布间的 KL 散度为检验统计量做似然比检验(Likelihood Ratio Test, LRT)来鉴别信道状态。
en-us	Channel state is identified by Likelihood Ratio Test (LRT) based on KL divergence between channel instantaneous distribution and standard distribution.

zh-cn	同时提出一种基于 LRT 的定位算法：LRT-Chan 算法。该算法能有效利用受 NLOS 污染的测距数据提高定位精度。
en-us	A localization algorithm named LRT-Chan based on LRT is proposed to improve positioning accuracy by effectively utilizing data contaminated by NLOS.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明：LRT 信道状态检测法在全部 UWB 信道中都能获得较高检测准确率；在定位锚点(Anchor Node, AN)分布不理想的 NLOS 环境中 LRT-Chan 算法也能取得较高定位精度。
en-us	Simulation results show that, LRT detection can obtain high accuracy in all UWB channels; when Anchor Nodes (ANs) with NLOS errors are not in ideal distribution, LRT-Chan algorithm can gain higher positioning accuracy.

zh-cn	为了提高多手持终端信息融合实时定轨的精度和系统容错性，该文提出一种基于五阶球面单纯形-径向容积准则的多终端一致分布式容积信息滤波(CD-SSRCIF)定轨算法。
en-us	A Consensus-based Distributed Spherical Simplex Radial Cubature Information Filter (CD-SSRCIF) is proposed to improve the real time orbit determination accuracy and fault tolerance of multiple handheld terminals.

zh-cn	分别使用 n 维单纯形顶点和矩匹配法计算球面和径向积分，得到适用于系统状态维数 n£7 时的五阶球面单纯形-径向容积准则。
en-us	N-simplex vertices and the moment matching method are used respectively to calculate the spherical and radial integral, and a five order spherical simplex radial rule suitable for system state dimension n£7 is obtained.

zh-cn	利用统计线性误差传播方法将此五阶容积准则嵌入扩展信息滤波器，将集中式变量展开得到多源集中式五阶容积信息滤波器。
en-us	Statistical linear error propagation method is used to embed the above rule into Extended Information Filter (EIF) to achieve centralized five order cubature information filter.

zh-cn	进而，利用平均一致性算法对集中式滤波中多源信息累加进行分布式等价表示，构成上下两层级联滤波器，下层滤波器执行平均一致性算法融合邻居节点的信息，输出虚拟量测值。
en-us	Then, average consistency algorithm is used to obtain the distributed equivalent expression of multi-source information accumulation in centralized filter, and constitute cascade filter. The lower filter performs an average consistency algorithm to fuse information from neighbor nodes, and output virtual measurement value.

zh-cn	上层滤波器利用该量测值执行五阶容积信息滤波，实时输出轨道状态估计值。
en-us	The upper filter performs five order cubature information filter with the above measurement value to output orbit state estimation in real time.

zh-cn	仿真实验结果表明，五阶 CD-SSRCIF 算法无需信息融合中心，且具有比三阶算法更高的定轨精度。
en-us	The simulation results show that the five order CD-SSRCIF algorithm does not need information fusion center, and has a higher orbit determination accuracy than the three order algorithm.

zh-cn	针对非协作通信中猝发类幅相调制信号先验信息少，数据量小，信噪比低等特点，该文在修正常模算法(MCMA)数据重用算法基础之上提出一种基于星座软信息的猝发信号盲均衡算法，采用接收信号的统计信息代替调制信息，并引入循环迭代的思想，实现了猝发信号的快速盲均衡。
en-us	For the characteristics of amplitude and phase-modulated signals in non-cooperative burst communication like less known information, less data, and low signal to noise ratio, Modified Constant Modulus  Algorithm (MCMA) is concentrated on and a blind equalization algorithm is designed based on soft constellation information. The proposed algorithm could achieve a quick blind equalization while just using the statistics of the samples of the receiver and adopting the ideology of cyclic iteration.

zh-cn	此方案不需要调制方式等先验信息，复杂度低，灵活性好，适合非合作接收条件。
en-us	The scheme has a lower complexity, better flexibility while disregarding the modulation type, which made it a good choice for non-cooperative condition.

zh-cn	仿真表明，在抗噪声，抗频偏，抗相偏性能与传统算法基本保持一致的前提下，该文算法在收敛速度，稳态误差等方面均优于原算法，对深衰落信道效果显著，可应用于工程实践。
en-us	The simulation indicates that the new algorithm has a superior on existing algorithms in converging speed, equalization result, and durability while keeping the performance on defensing noise, frequency offset and phase offset, and can be applied into engineering practice.

zh-cn	该文在分析传统复杂网络节点攻击策略不足的基础上提出一种新的攻击策略，该策略的思路是将节点攻击序列的构造问题视为一个优化问题而非传统的评估问题。
en-us	This study proposes a new node attack strategy of complex networks by analyzing the disadvantages of traditional strategies. The idea of the new strategy is to treat the construction problem of node attack sequence as an optimal problem rather than an evaluation problem.

zh-cn	为了实现该策略，设计了复杂网络抗毁性测度用以衡量节点攻击序列的攻击效果，建立了以最大化攻击效果为目标的节点攻击序列构造模型，提出了基于禁忌搜索的模型求解算法。
en-us	To achieve this strategy, the study designs a survivability index of complex networks to measure the attack effect created by a node attack sequence, then establishes a construction model of node attack sequence with the goal to maximize attack effect, and further brings forward an algorithm based on tabu search to solve the model.

zh-cn	在真实网络和模拟网络上的实验结果表明，新策略比其它复杂网络节点攻击策略更为有效和优越。
en-us	Experiment results from real networks and simulated networks show that the new strategy is more effective than others.

zh-cn	基于流量传感器的圆柱结构 2 维风传感器，其测量性能对地面风测量而言不够准确。
en-us	The cylindrical two-dimensional wind sensor employing flow meters is not accurate enough for surface wind measurement.

zh-cn	由此，该文通过分析风洞实验数据，建立一种数学模型来描述圆柱绕流中直径两端压强差的分布，并根据该模型提出一种通过检测该直径压强差来计算风速风向的 2 维风测量方法。
en-us	By analyzing the data from wind tunnel experiments, a model is proposed to describe the diametrical pressure differences developed by the flow around a circular cylinder. A method is derived from the model for two-dimensional wind measurement by detecting the diametrical pressure differences.

zh-cn	对风洞测试数据应用该方法，在 2~40 m/s 风速范围内，风速计算值误差不超过±(0.2+0.03 V) m/s，风向计算值误差不超过±5°。
en-us	When the proposed method is applied to the data from wind tunnel tests in range of 2~40 m/s, the relative wind speed errors and the wind direction errors are no more than ±(0.2+0.03 V) m/s and ±5° respectively.

zh-cn	相比使用流量传感器的圆柱结构 2 维风传感器，该方法提高了测量准确度。
en-us	The proposed method is more accurate than the cylindrical two-dimensional wind sensor using flow meters.

zh-cn	同时，该方法不需要转动部件，不受机械摩擦和惯性的制约，需要占用的空间小。
en-us	Without moving parts, the method is immune to mechanical wear and inertia.

zh-cn	为了进行动态网络防御有效性评估，该文提出动态网络防御环境下的主机安全状态转移图生成算法，构建了主机安全状态迁移模型，基于状态转移概率给出了动态网络防御有效性的定量评估方法，为动态网络防御策略设计提供了有益参考。
en-us	To evaluate the effectiveness of moving network defense, this paper presents the host security state deduce graph construction algorithm in moving network defense environment. The host security state transition model is constructed, the quantitative effectiveness evaluation method is proposed for moving network defense based on host state transition probability, and a useful reference is provided for the design of moving network defense policy.

zh-cn	最后，通过一个典型网络实例说明和验证了上述模型和方法的可行性和有效性。
en-us	Finally, feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model and method are illustrated and verified in a representative network example.

zh-cn	分布式压缩感知(Distributed Compressed Sensing, DCS)是在无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Network, WSN)中减少数据传输量、降低能量消耗的有效手段。
en-us	Distributed Compressed Sensing (DCS) is an effective means to reduce the amount of data transmission and energy consumption in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN).

zh-cn	该文面向分簇 WSN，提出层次化分布式压缩感知(Hierarchical Distributed Compressed Sensing, HDCS)。
en-us	Hierarchical Distributed Compressed Sensing (HDCS) is proposed for clustering WSN.

zh-cn	在利用簇内 DCS 消除簇内时间、空间冗余的基础上，利用簇间 DCS消除簇间空间冗余，减少簇头的数据发送量。
en-us	It eliminates the temporal-spatial redundancies among data collected by the cluster members with the intra-cluster DCS, and eliminates the spatial redundancies among clusters with the inter-cluster DCS.

zh-cn	针对分簇 WSN 采集信号的结构化稀疏特性，建立块稀疏簇内联合稀疏模型与块稀疏簇间联合稀疏模型，提出 HDCS 观测方案与层次化联合重构算法。
en-us	According to the signal's structured sparsity, a block-sparse intra-cluster joint sparsity model and a block-sparse inter-cluster joint sparsity model are constructed. Then, a hierarchical measurement scheme and a hierarchical joint reconstruction scheme are proposed for HDCS.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，与普通 DCS 相比，HDCS 在保证重建信号质量的同时，能够有效减轻簇头的通信负担，并显著降低 Sink 上的信号重构时间。
en-us	Experimental results show that compared to general DCS, HDCS can relieve the transmission burden in the network effectively, without lowering the quality of the reconstructed signal. Moreover, it can reduce the signal reconstruction time at the Sink observably.

zh-cn	该文提出一种新型的具有多谐振结构的单层微带反射阵单元，是由 6 个振子以一定的间隔平行放置组合而成，该单元具有良好的线极化特性。
en-us	A novel single layer microstrip reflectarray element with multi-resonance structure is presented. The element is composed of six dipoles which are placed in parallel at a certain distance.

zh-cn	采用高频电磁仿真软件 HFSS 对单元的各个参数进行优化分析，使得单元的反射相位曲线在两个频段内均具有良好的线性度。
en-us	The element has good linear polarization properties. Ansoft HFSS is used to optimize the parameters and linear reflection phase curves in two bands are achieved.

zh-cn	根据此单元设计了一个工作在 X/Ku 波段的偏馈双频双极化微带反射阵天线，在两个频段内采用同一个角锥喇叭天线作为其馈源。
en-us	A dual-band dual-polarization reflectarray composed of the elements is designed, fabricated and measured. The reflectarray is offset fed by only one horn antenna for both bands in two orthogonal polarizations.

zh-cn	将此反射阵天线进行加工并测试，测试结果表明，在 X 波段中心频率 10 GHz 和 Ku 波段中心频率 13.58 GHz 处，天线均具有良好的辐射性能。
en-us	The proposed reflectarray operates in two frequency bands within X band centered at 10 GHz and Ku band centered at 13.58 GHz. Measured results show good radiation performance in both bands.

zh-cn	实测和仿真结果吻合较好，证明了该反射阵天线具有良好的双频辐射性能。
en-us	A well coincide is obtained between the simulated and measured results, which demonstrate the desirable dual-band dual-polarization radiation performance of the reflectarray.

zh-cn	该文的设计对于微带反射阵列天线实现双频双极化性能具有重要的参考价值。
en-us	The design is valuable to other reflectarray in achieving dual-band dual-polarization performance.

zh-cn	针对压缩感知检测方法不能准确测量伪随机动态测试信号电能量值的问题，该文首先分析了动态测试信号的频域稀疏性，证明动态测试信号满足压缩感知检测的条件；
en-us	Focusing on the problem that Compressive Sensing (CS) measurement can not measure the electrical energy of pseudo random dynamic test signal accurately, in this paper, the spectral sparseness of pseudo random dynamic test signal is firstly analyzed, and dynamic test signal satisfies the measurement condition of compressive sensing is proved.

zh-cn	然后采用系统稳态优化的方法，构造了一种确定型压缩感知测量矩阵，证明其符合限制等距特性(RIP)条件，最后提出了一种新型压缩感知动态测试信号电能量的测量方法。
en-us	Secondly, the system stable state optimization method is used to establish the deterministic compressive sensing measurement matrix, which meets the RIP (Restricted Isometry Property) condition. Finally, a new compressive sensing measurement methed for the electrical energy of pseudo random dynamic electric energy is proposed.

zh-cn	实验结果表明：该文压缩感知测量方法的理论相对误差优于传统的采样功率电能测量方法，能够实现 m 序列动态测试信号的电能量值准确测量。
en-us	The experimental result shows that the theoretical error of the compressive sensing measurement is superior over traditional sample power electrical energy measurement, and it can measure the pseudo random dynamic electrical energy accurately.

zh-cn	交互式多模型贝努利粒子滤波器(Interacting Multiple Model Bernoulli Particle Filter, IMMBPF)适用于杂波环境下的机动目标跟踪。
en-us	Interacting Multiple Model Bernoulli Particle Filter (IMMBPF) is suitable for maneuvering target tracking under cluttered environment.

zh-cn	但是 IMMBPF 将模型信息引入粒子采样过程中会导致用于逼近当前时刻真实状态与模型的粒子数减少，而且每次递推各模型间的粒子都要进行交互，存在计算量过大的缺点。
en-us	However, when model information is introduced into particle sampling process in IMMBPF, it will lead to the number decline of particles which are applied to approaching the real state and model, and the computation load is heavy because of the interacting stage of particles in the recursion.

zh-cn	为提升 IMMBPF 中单个采样粒子对于真实目标状态和模型逼近的有效性，该文提出一种改进的多模型贝努利粒子滤波器(Multiple Model Bernoulli Particle Filter, MMBPF)。
en-us	An enhanced Multiple Model Bernoulli Particle Filter (MMBPF) is proposed to improve the effectiveness of single particle to approximate the real target state and model.

zh-cn	预先选定每一个模型的粒子数，且模型间的粒子不需要进行交互，减少了计算负荷。模型概率由模型似然函数计算得到，在不改变模型的马尔科夫性质的条件下避免了小概率模型的粒子退化现象。
en-us	The number of particles of each model is given in advance, and the posterior probability of each model is updated with the associate likelihood function, which avoids particle degeneracy without distorting the Markov property.

zh-cn	仿真实验结果表明，所提出的 MMBPF 与 IMMBPF 相比，用较少的粒子数就可获得更优的跟踪性能。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed MMBPF achieves better tracking performance with fewer particles than IMMBPF.

zh-cn	该文首次提出两种典型的移动散射体存在的车辆对车辆(V2V)的无线传播信道模型，一种是基于一次散射发射(SBT)和一次散射接收(SBR)的信道，另一种是基于两次散射(DB)的信道，并在这两种模型的基础上给出了同时包含一次散射发射，一次散射接收，两次散射和视距(LOS)分量的信道模型。
en-us	Two typical Vehicle-To-Vehicle (V2V) propagation channel models are proposed for the first time. One is that the channel is composed by Single-Bounce Transmit (SBT) and Single-Bounce Receive (SBR)components. The other is that the channel is composed by Double-Bounce (DB) components. Based on the two models, another model consisting of SBT, SBR, DB, and LOS components is proposed.

zh-cn	在假设移动散射体的运动速度和方向都随机且运动速度较小和较大的散射体速度分别用指数分布和混合高斯分布来描述的情况下，给出了这些传播信道的复增益，通过计算得到了信道的自相关函数(ACF)和多普勒功率谱密度(PSD)。
en-us	It is assumed that the local scatterers move with random velocities in random directions and the velocity distributions of the moving scatterers with low and high speed are assumed to follow exponential and Gaussian Mixture (GM) distributions, respectively. The complex channel gains of the proposed V2V channel models are proposed, and the corresponding AutoCorrelation Function (ACF) and Doppler Power Spectral Density (PSD) are derived.

zh-cn	文中还将理论计算得到的多普勒谱与已有文献的测量结果进行了对比，两者符合得较好。
en-us	The theoretical results are also compared with the available PSDs by measurements and good agreements are found between them.

zh-cn	基于遗传算法的激励优化算法是求解阵列天线波束赋形问题时常用的激励求解算法。
en-us	Excitation optimization algorithm based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) is mainly used to solve the excitation problems of array antenna beam shaping.

zh-cn	传统遗传算法在优化阵列天线激励时，对阵元天线方向图矢量叠加获得阵列天线合成方向图后，与目标方向图做相似度判断，经过多次运算获得满足设计要求的激励值。
en-us	When optimizing the excitation of array antenna by traditional genetic algorithm, the beam of array antenna is synthesized by radiation shape of elements in antenna array, and then the results will be compared with the target pattern. After several operations, the excitation will meet the deign requirements.

zh-cn	然而算法中通常不关注赋形结果的副瓣抑制，导致阵列天线波束赋形结果副瓣抑制效果不理想。
en-us	However, in traditional genetic algorithm, neglected suppression of side lobe leads to an unsatisfactory high level side lobe.

zh-cn	该文提出一种基于一组低副瓣波束线性叠加的波束合成机制，将合成方向图与目标方向图做相似对比，结合遗传算法的优化求解方法，最终获得与目标方向图匹配的合成方向图，且合成方向图具有高副瓣抑制的特性。
en-us	In this paper, a new method of beam synthesizing by peak beam of array antenna is proposed. By comparing the shape of synthesized beam with target beam and combining with traditional GA, the synthesized beam matching the target beam with low side lobe will be obtained.

zh-cn	以一款 16 阵元X波段微带偶极子线性阵列天线为例，该文提出的具有副瓣抑制机制的遗传算法求得的赋形波束获得了-27.5dBc的副瓣抑制效果，远远好于传统遗传算法求得的赋形波束-19dBc的副瓣抑制。
en-us	Taking a 16 elements X band micro-trip dipole linear array antenna as an example, the results of simulation show that array antenna has high level side lobe suppression at about -27.5 dBc using the method proposed in this paper, which is much better than -19 dBc side lobe suppression using traditional GA.

zh-cn	距离向分块快速分解后向投影(Block-FFBP)算法通过子孔径合成降低了传统 BP 的算法复杂度，并且通过距离向分块，简化了繁琐的极坐标与直角坐标的转换。
en-us	Block Fast Factorized Back-Projection (Block-FFBP) algorithm adopts a subaperture synthesis approach to reduce the computing complexity of the conventional BP algorithm, and partitions the echo data into blocks in range to avoid the complicated transforms between polar and Cartesian coordinates.

zh-cn	然而，距离分块操作使各块引入了斜距范围波动，而且插值核长度余量导致了算法的内存效率低下，从而降低了成像效率。
en-us	However, Block- FFBP results in a range span vibration of the data blocks, and Block-FFBP needs an extra data length associated with the interpolation kernel. That gives rise to the inefficiency of the memory, and furthermore the degradation of the imaging speed.

zh-cn	该文提出一种基于距离向整体处理的 Bulk-FFBP算法，并细分为基于距离向控制点的 Bulk-FFBP 以及无控制点的 Bulk-FFBP。
en-us	A range Bulk processing based FFBP (Bulk-FFBP) algorithm is proposed in this paper. It is implemented in two ways. One is based on a series of range pivots, and the other one is of no pivots.

zh-cn	文中通过仿真对两种 Bulk-FFBP算法进行了误差分析、成像性能分析以及算法效率分析，并与 Block-FFBP 算法进行对比，证实了 Bulk-FFBP 的优越性。
en-us	The outperformance of Bulk-FFBP relative to Block-FFBP is verified through simulations in error analysis, imaging evaluation and computing efficiency test.

zh-cn	该文基于传播模型定量分析了超声传输时间法检测局部脉搏波速(PWV)过程中扫描帧频与声束数对脉动位移曲线估计、延迟时间估计及 PWV 拟合的估计精度，采用方差分析确定了误差显著性和影响因素的主次关系。
en-us	The estimation accuracy of the wall displacement, delay time, and linear-regression-based Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) affected by different scanning frame rates and beam density is investigated quantitatively in the measurement of the regional PWV with ultrasound transit time method based on a model of pulse wave propagation along a carotid artery segment.

zh-cn	结果表明，脉动位移相对误差在 0.23~0.28 之间，帧频对其估计精度影响不显著(0.05>p)；
en-us	Through statistical variance analysis, the significance levels of measurement errors as well as the primary and secondary relations of these two influence factors are ascertained. The results show that the frame rates do not significantly affect the wall displacement estimation accuracy (0.05>p) with relative errors ranged from 0.23 to 0.28.

zh-cn	延迟时间估计同时受声束对距离和帧频的影响(0.01<p)，声束对间距从2.38 mm 增大到 38 mm，平均相对误差由0.99减至0.06；
en-us	The delay time measurement accuracy is influenced significantly by the frame rates and spacing between two beams simultaneously (0.01<p). The relative errors decrease from 0.99 to 0.06 as the distances from the first beam to others increase from 2.38 mm to 38 mm.

zh-cn	帧频从1127 Hz 减小为226 Hz，平均相对误差由0.19 增至 0.43;
en-us	However, the mean transit time errors increase from 0.19 to 0.43 when the frame rates decrease from 1127 Hz to 226 Hz.

zh-cn	PWV拟合受声束数及帧频的共同影响，声束数不小于10时，估计误差为7%~20%，帧频为主要影响因素(0.01<p)。
en-us	The PWV estimation errors ranging from 7% to 20% are affected significantly by the number of beams as well as frame rates under the condition that the beams used for regression fitness are no less than 10. The frame rate is the main influence factor in this situation (0.01<p).

zh-cn	因此，在保证合理声束数条件下，提高帧频可改善PWV的估计精度。
en-us	Therefore, the PWV measurement accuracy can be improved by increasing frame rate with a proper beam setting.

zh-cn	结果有助于为后续PWV检测精度的改进研究提供依据。
en-us	Experimental results could be helpful to explore novel measurement method for improving PWV accuracy in the follow-up work.

zh-cn	该文为降低无线接入网的能耗，提出一种基于 Benders 分解的协作节能机制，通过协作基站选择和基站状态控制以解决基站休眠带来的弱覆盖问题。
en-us	To reduce the energy consumption in wireless access networks, a Cooperative Energy-Saving Mechanism based on Benders Decomposition (BD-CESM) is presented to solve inadequate coverage problem caused by BS dormancy by means of cooperative BS selection and BS state control.

zh-cn	结合业务量分布和 SINR 空间变化建立协作基站的选择模型，用以找到合适的协作基站以及相应的休眠基站。
en-us	A cooperative BS selection model is designed to obtain appropriate cooperative BS and corresponding dormant BS according to the traffic load distribution and the spatial varying SINR.

zh-cn	并提出一个基于 Benders 分解的联合优化策略，控制基站活跃/休眠状态，实现网络容量与吞吐量间的平衡。
en-us	Then a Benders decomposition based joint optimization strategy is proposed to balance capacity with throughout via controlling on-off state of BS.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该机制可在不增加发射功率的条件下实现覆盖补偿，并在至多42.6%的基站休眠时，仍能满足网络的基本性能要求。
en-us	The simulation results show that up to 42.6% of BS can be dormant while meeting basic network performance requirements. Furthermore, the coverage can be compensated without increasing transmitting power in the proposed mechanism.

zh-cn	基于稀疏表示的分类方法由于其所具有的简单性和有效性获得了研究者的广泛关注，然而如何建立字典原子与类别信息间的联系仍然是一个重要的问题，与此同时大部分稀疏表示分类方法都需要求解受范数约束的优化问题，使得分类任务的计算较复杂。
en-us	Classification method based on sparse representation has won wide attention because of its simplicity and effectiveness, while how to adaptively build the relationship between dictionary atoms and class labels is still an important open question, at the same time most of the sparse representation classification methods need to solve a norm constraint optimization problem, which increases the computational complexity in the classification task.

zh-cn	为解决上述问题，该文提出一种新的基于 Fisher 约束的字典对学习方法。新方法联合学习结构化综合字典和结构化解析字典，然后通过样本在解析字典上的映射直接求解稀疏系数矩阵；
en-us	To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel Fisher constraint dictionary pair learning method to jointly learn a structured synthesis dictionary and a structured analysis dictionary, then directly obtains the sparse coefficient matrix by analysis dictionary.

zh-cn	同时采用 Fisher 判别准则编码系数使系数具有一定的判别性。
en-us	In this paper, the Fisher criterion is used to encode the coefficients.

zh-cn	最后将新方法应用到图像分类中，实验结果表明新方法在提高分类准确率的同时还大大降低了计算复杂度，相较于现有方法具有更好的性能。
en-us	Finally the new method is applied to image classification task, the experimental results show that the new method not only improves the accuracy of classification but also greatly reduces the computational complexity. Compared with the existing methods, the new method has better performance.

zh-cn	分布式微小卫星 SAR 是实现小型化、低成本星载 SAR 系统的重要途径，然而，在该体制下，如何充分利用分布式系统资源，实现高分辨率成像是其面临的关键问题之一。
en-us	Distributed micro-satellites SAR has the capabilities of substantially miniaturizing the size and lowering the cost of space-borne SAR systems. However, one of the key issues is to take full advantage of the distributed resources and achieve high-resolution images.

zh-cn	该文提出一种利用 LFMCW 信号实现分布式微小卫星平台 SAR 的方法，并基于方位向编队飞行的微小卫星构型，对其信号模型与高分辨率成像方法进行了研究。
en-us	In this paper, an approach utilizing LFMCW signal is proposed to realize distributed micro-satellites SAR system. The signal model and the high-resolution imaging method is studied on the basis of the serial formation in azimuth.

zh-cn	该文方法使用多颗微小卫星同时发射与接收频分 LFMCW 信号，利用交叉接收的构型使不同频带收发天线所形成的等效相位中心重合，进而在距离向对信号进行频带合成以恢复全带宽信号，从而实现高分辨率 SAR 成像。
en-us	LFMCW signals are transmitted simultaneously and beat-frequency division signals are received by different micro-satellites. With the use of the crossed receiving technique, different sub-band signals with superposed equivalent phase centers can be acquired by the configuration design of formation flying, and then the full-bandwidth signal is synthesized to obtain high-resolution image.

zh-cn	该方法实现了分布式平台信号的频带合成，为高分辨率 LFMCW SAR 技术在微小卫星平台上的应用提供了理论支撑。
en-us	The proposed method synthesizes the sub-band signals of distributed platforms, which provides theoretical support for applying high-resolution LFMCW signals in the field of distributed micro-satellites SAR.

zh-cn	仿真实验验证了理论分析的正确性以及方法的有效性。
en-us	The correctness of the theoretical derivations and the effectiveness of the approach is validated by simulation results.

zh-cn	为了得到垂直分层大地电导率和雷电回击通道倾斜角度对雷电电磁脉冲场(LEMP)的影响规律，该文利用时域有限差分法对倾斜通道雷电电磁场进行了建模计算。
en-us	The electromagnetic fields from oblique lightning channel are studied by using FDTD and considering the effects of vertical layered ground conductivity and lightning channel tilt angle.

zh-cn	研究结果表明，当观测点位于倾斜回击通道下方时，地表雷电电磁场峰值会随着回击通道倾斜角度的增加而出现明显的上升，同时电磁场的上升沿变得更加陡峭。
en-us	The calculation results show that the initial peak values of lightning electromagnetic fields will increase with increasing the channel tilt angle when the observation point is under the oblique lightning channel, and the rising edges of the electromagnetic fields become steeper.

zh-cn	观测点与地表雷击点之间的水平距离越大，雷电电磁场的峰值时间也就越大。
en-us	The peak time of the lightning electromagnetic fields will be greater with greater distance between the lightning stroke point on the ground and the observation point.

zh-cn	对地表电磁场而言，观测点同侧大地电导率主要影响雷电水平电场和角向磁场的初始峰值，而观测点另一侧大地电导率的变化则主要影响水平电场和角向磁场波尾幅值。
en-us	For the electromagnetic fields on the ground surface, the ground conductivity at the same side of the observation point affects mainly the initial peak values of the horizontal electric field and azimuthal magnetic field; the ground conductivity at the other side affects mainly the amplitudes of the wave tail of the horizontal electric field and the azimuthal magnetic field.

zh-cn	对地下电磁场而言，增加埋地深度对垂直电场的衰减作用十分明显，而对水平电场和角向磁场来说影响极小。
en-us	For the electromagnetic fields inside the ground, the vertical electric field will decrease with increasing the underground depth, but the horizontal electric field and azimuthal magnetic field underground is basically the same as that on the ground surface.

zh-cn	针对多运动站无源融合定位系统中的异步观测问题，该文提出一种基于空间谱分析的直接定位算法。
en-us	A Direct Position Determination (DPD) algorithm based on spatial spectrum analysis for the issue of asynchronous observation in the multiple moving sensors passive fusion location system is proposed.

zh-cn	首先利用子空间分析理论建立异步观测直接定位模型，构造多站协同定位联合空间谱函数，采用多级搜索方法实现定位解算。
en-us	At first, a direct determination mathematical model of the asynchronous scene is constructed and a multiple sensors cooperative spatial spectrum function is composed.

zh-cn	然后推导了该算法的定位误差协方差矩阵及克拉美罗下限。
en-us	Furthermore, the position of the emitter can be got by a two or three dimensional search, and then the derivations of the estimators' variance and the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) are given.

zh-cn	最后对该算法在异步观测条件下的定位性能进行蒙特卡洛仿真。仿真结果表明算法定位精度能够逼近克拉美罗下限，定位性能优于基于定位参数的分步定位算法，尤其在低信噪比情况下优势更明显。
en-us	Finally, the Monte Carlo simulations over the asynchronous scene indicate that the accuracy of the proposed method is close to the Cramer-Rao lower bound and superior to the two-step location method based on the location parameters, especially in the low SNR.

zh-cn	针对逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)的干扰技术是雷达对抗领域的热点问题。
en-us	The problem of ISAR image jamming is the main stream in radar countermeasures study.

zh-cn	该文提出一种基于多相位分段调制的干扰方法，对该调制方法的基本原理及其在信号脉内和脉间综合调制的过程进行详细分析，推导干扰信号在成像处理后的表达式，给出在 2 维上分别对干扰样式进行精确控制的参数设计方法，通过仿真验证相关干扰效果，说明应用该方法能够产生灵活可控的干扰样式和遮盖效果。
en-us	This paper proposes a new jamming technique for ISAR imaging based on Multiple Phase Sectionalized Modulation (MPSM) jamming method. Its basic principle and processing in intra-pulse and inter-pulse is analyzed in details. Then the final expression of MPSM jamming signal after ISAR imaging processing is derived, and the precise control method of jamming pattern by parameters design in double dimensions is provided. Simulation is conducted to prove the related jamming effects, and it is flexible and controllable to generate different jamming patterns and overspread effects by applying this new method.

zh-cn	针对目前对二进制偏移载波(Binary Offset Carrier, BOC)及其衍生信号的通用无模糊捕获分析匮乏的问题，该文提出一种适用于所有 BOC 类型信号及所有调制阶数的无模糊捕获算法。
en-us	For the unambiguous general acquisition for Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) and its derivative signals is still scarce of analysis, a new unambiguous algorithm is proposed for all types of BOC signals and all kinds of modulation order.

zh-cn	该算法首先根据不同调制信号副载波形之间的联系构建出了通用副载波模型，得到信号的通用表达式，然后在此基础上将副载波形按半周期进行分解，再根据相关函数的合成方法构建出通用的捕获方法。
en-us	Firstly, the common sub-carrier model is constructed according to the links of different sub-carrier modulation. Then according to the common sub-carrier model the general expression of the signals is got. On this base, the sub-carrier is broken down into many half periods. Last, a general capture method based on a combined correlation function is proposed.

zh-cn	理论与仿真实验表明，新提出的捕获方法适用于所有类型及所有调制阶数的 BOC 信号，能够完全消除副峰，实现无模糊捕获，捕获精度以及抗多径性能相比其他算法都有很大提高。
en-us	Simulation results indicate that the proposed method can deal with all kinds of BOC modulated signals including complex ones with different phases or orders. An unambiguous correlated function can be obtained by the proposed method. The main peak width of correlated function is narrowed and the accuracy of capture is improved.

zh-cn	考虑多波束卫星通信中存在多天线窃听用户的场景以及非理想信道状态信息带来的系统安全性能恶化，针对合法信道与窃听信道均不理想的多用户 MISOME(Multi Input, Single Output, Multi Eavesdropper)系统，该文基于两种类型的信道误差提出了两种鲁棒安全传输方法。
en-us	Considering a general eavesdropping case where the eavesdropper is equipped with multiple antennas and two uncertainty models for the imperfect Channel State Information (CSI) on the main and eavesdropper's channels at the transmitter. Two robust transmission methods are proposed for multiuser Multiple-In, Single-Out, Multiple-antenna Eavesdropper (MISOME) systems to provide SINR guarantee for the legitimate user by the optimization of beamforming and artificial noise covariance matrix.

zh-cn	在确定误差模型下，利用发送波束成形以及人工噪声协方差的联合优化设计解决系统最差情况安全速率最大化问题(Worst-Case Secrecy Rate Maximization, WC-SRM)问题，通过推导分析将非凸的 WC-SRM 问题等价为一个 1 维搜索问题，而这个等价问题的最优解可通过一系列半定规划(SemiDefinite Program, SDP)问题的求解而得到。
en-us	For the deterministic uncertainty model, the Worst-Case Secrecy Rate Maximization (WC-SRM) problem is derived an equivalent problem of the WC-SRM problem through analysis. The equivalent problem can be recast as a single-variable optimization problem, which can be handled by solving a sequence of convex SemiDefinite Programs (SDPs).

zh-cn	在统计误差模型下，为求解中断概率约束安全速率最大化(Outage Probability Constrained Secrecy Rate Maximization, OP-SRM)问题，该文提出一种基于 WC-SRM 的鲁棒安全设计的可靠近似方案。
en-us	For the stochastic uncertainty model, a suboptimal scheme to solve the Outage Probability constrained Secrecy Rate Maximization (OP-SRM) problem is proposed based on the robust design for the WC-SRM problem.

zh-cn	仿真分析验证了该文所提方法的鲁棒性与有效性。
en-us	Finally, the effectiveness and the robustness of the proposed algorithms are validated by the simulation results.

zh-cn	卷积神经网络在语音识别和图像识别等众多领域取得了突破性进展，限制其大规模应用的很重要的一个因素就是其计算复杂度，尤其是其中空域线性卷积的计算。
en-us	Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) make breakthrough progress in many areas recently, such as speech recognition and image recognition. A limiting factor for use of CNN in large-scale application is, until recently, their computational expense, especially the calculation of linear convolution in spatial domain.

zh-cn	利用卷积定理在频域中实现空域线性卷积被认为是一种非常有效的实现方式，该文首先提出一种统一的基于时域抽取方法的分裂基-2/(2a) 1 维 FFT 快速算法，其中 a 为任意自然数，然后在 CPU 环境下对提出的 FFT 算法在一类卷积神经网络中的加速性能进行了比较研究。
en-us	Convolution theorem provides a very effective way to implement a linear convolution in spatial domain by multiplication in frequency domain. This paper proposes an unified one-dimensional FFT algorithm based on decimation-in-time split- radix-2/(2a), in which a is an arbitrary natural number. The acceleration performance of convolutional neural network is studied by using the proposed FFT algorithm on CPU environment.

zh-cn	在 MNIST手写数字数据库以及 Cifar-10 对象识别数据集上的实验表明：利用分裂基-2/4 FFT 算法和基-2 FFT 算法实现的卷积神经网络相比于空域直接实现的卷积神经网络，精度并不会有损失，并且分裂基-2/4 能取得最好的提速效果，在以上两个数据集上分别提速 38.56%和 72.01%。
en-us	Experimental results on the MNIST database and Cifar-10 database show great improvement when compared to the direct linear convolution based CNN with no loss in accuracy, and the radix-2/4 FFT gets the best time savings of 38.56% and 72.01% respectively.

zh-cn	因此，在频域中实现卷积神经网络的线性卷积操作是一种十分有效的实现方式。
en-us	Therefore, it is a very effective way to realize linear convolution operation in frequency domain.

zh-cn	为避免传统谱聚类算法高复杂度的应用局限，基于地标表示的谱聚类算法利用地标点与数据集各点间的相似度矩阵，有效降低了谱嵌入的计算复杂度。
en-us	The applicability of traditional spectral clustering is limited by its high complexity in large-scale data sets. Through construction of affinity matrix between landmark points and data points, the Landmark-based Spectral Clustering (LSC) algorithm can significantly reduce the computational complexity of spectral embedding.

zh-cn	在大数据集情况下，现有的随机抽取地标点的方法会影响聚类结果的稳定性，k 均值中心点方法面临收敛时间未知、反复读取数据的问题。
en-us	It is vital for clustering results to apply the suitable strategies of the generation of landmark points. While considering big data problems, the existing generation strategies of landmark points face some deficiencies: the unstable results of random sampling, along with the unknown convergence time and the repeatability of data reading in k-means centers method.

zh-cn	该文将近似奇异值分解应用于基于地标点的谱聚类，设计了一种快速地标点采样算法。
en-us	In this paper, a rapid landmark-sampling spectral clustering algorithm based on the approximate singular value decomposition is designed, which makes the sampling probability of each landmark point decided by the row norm of the approximate singular vector matrix.

zh-cn	该算法利用由近似奇异向量矩阵行向量的长度计算的抽样概率来进行抽样，同随机抽样策略相比，保证了聚类结果的稳定性和精度，同 k 均值中心点策略相比降低了算法复杂度。
en-us	Compared with LSC algorithm based on random sampling, the clustering result of new algorithm is more stable and accurate; compared with LSC algorithm based on k-means centers, the new algorithm reduces the computational complexity.

zh-cn	同时从理论上分析了抽样结果对原始数据的信息保持性，并对算法的性能进行了实验验证。
en-us	Moreover, the preservation of information in original data is analyzed for the landmark-sampling results theoretically. At the same time, the performance of new approach is verified by the experiments in some public data sets.

zh-cn	为了获得精准的航空拼接图像，更好地解决图像拼接中经常出现的尺度变化、角度旋转、光照差异以及传统的 BRISK(Binary Robust Invariant Scalable Keypoints)算法匹配正确率较低，图像拼接精度低等问题，该文提出一种全新的基于有向线段的 BRISK 特征的图像拼接模型。
en-us	In order to obtain accurate aerial stitching images, this paper proposes a novel image mosaic method based on Binary Robust Invariant Scalable Keypoints (BRISK) feature of directed line segment, aiming to resolve incident scaling, rotation, changes in lighting condition, the low correct matching rate and low accuracy using conventional BRISK algorithm in image mosaic.

zh-cn	首先，使用 BRISK 算法进行图像匹配，得到粗匹配点对，再构造有向线段及其 BRISK 特征进行邻近线段匹配，通过概率统计模型进行特征点的精匹配，最后进行加权融合和亮度均衡化进行图像融合完成图像拼接。
en-us	This method firstly uses BRISK algorithm to match in order to acquire rough point matching. Secondly, it constructs directed line segments, describes them with BRISK feature, and matches those directed segments. The method is used to purified point matching based on statistical voting. Finally, weighted fusion and luminance equalization are used to image fusion to accomplish image mosaic.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该文算法针对图像的光照条件不同、角度旋转、分辨率低、尺度变化等均有良好的鲁棒性和稳定性，该文算法是一种耗时短、精确度高、拼接效果良好的图像拼接方法。
en-us	The experiment results show that the method has strong robustness and stability for lighting, rotation, resolution and scaling. The proposed method has high precision, and can achieve fine image mosaic results.

zh-cn	软件定义网络(SDN)受到分布式拒绝服务(DDoS)攻击时，攻击方会发送大量数据包，产生大量新的终端标识占用网络连接资源，影响网络正常运转。
en-us	During the Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack happening in Software Defined Network (SDN) network, the attackers send a large number of data packets. Large quantities of new terminal identifiers are generated. Accordingly, the network connection resources are occupied, obstructing the normal operation of the network.

zh-cn	为准确发现受攻击对象，检测被占用资源，利用 GHSOM 技术，该文提出基于对象特征的 DDoS 攻击检测方法。
en-us	To detect the attacked target accurately, and release the occupied resources, a DDoS attack detection method based on object features with the GHSOM technology is provided.

zh-cn	首先，结合 SDN 网络及攻击特点，提出基于目的地址的检测 7 元组，并以此作为判断目标地址是否受到 DDoS 攻击的检测元素；
en-us	First, the seven-tuple is proposed for detection to determine whether the target address is under attack by DDoS. To detect the attacked target accurately, and release the occupied resources, a DDoS attack detection method based on object features with the GHSOM technology is provided.

zh-cn	然后，采用模块化设计，将 GHSOM 算法应用于 SDN网络 DDoS 攻击的分析检测中，并在 OpenDayLight 的仿真平台上完成了仿真实验。
en-us	Then, a simulation platform is built, which is based on the OpenDayLight controller. GHSOM algorithm is applied to the network. Simulation experiments are performed to validate the feasibility of the detection method.

zh-cn	实验结果显示，该文提出的检测 7 元组可有效检测目标对象是否受到 DDoS 攻击。
en-us	The results show that the seven-tuple for detection can effectively confirm whether the target object is under a DDoS attack.

zh-cn	网络资源的有限性和网络管理的分散性是传统网络难以解决分布式拒绝服务攻击问题的重要原因。
en-us	The limitations of network resource and the dispersion of network management are the two major difficulties for traditional networks to address the Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks.

zh-cn	当前的防御方法存在静态性、滞后性的不足，并且难以定位攻击者。
en-us	However, current defense methods are static and hysteresis, which are unable to locate the attackers accurately.

zh-cn	针对上述问题，该文提出一种动态防御的方法。利用软件定义网络(SDN)集中控制和动态管理的特性构建 OpenFlow 交换机洗牌模型，使用贪心算法实现用户-交换机连接的动态映射，通过多轮洗牌区分出用户群中的攻击者和合法用户，对合法用户提供低延迟不间断服务。
en-us	Therefore, a dynamic defense using the two pivotal features, centralized control and dynamic management, of Software Defined Networks (SDN) is proposed. An OpenFlow-based switch shuffling model is built which employs greedy algorithm to remap user-switch link dynamically. After several shuffling, attacker could be differentiated from legitimate users and provide the latter with low latency uninterrupted services.

zh-cn	在开源SDN 控制器 Ryu 上实现原型系统，并在 SDN 环境下进行测试。
en-us	The proposed approach is implemented in Ryu, the open source SDN controller, and the prototype is tested in a real SDN.

zh-cn	性能测试结果表明采用该方法可以通过有限次的洗牌筛选出攻击者，降低 DDoS 攻击对合法访问的影响；
en-us	The results of performance test show that with this approach attackers in limited times of shuffling can be isolated and the effects of DDoS attacks on legal flows can be reduced.

zh-cn	能力测试结果则说明了在由一个控制器组成的环形拓扑结构下该方法的防御效果与攻击流的大小无关，而是仅与攻击者的数目有关。
en-us	The outcomes of defense ability test demonstrate that the efficiency of the proposed dynamic approach has nothing to do with the size of attack flow, but is only related to the number of attackers in the ring topology structure which is composed of a single controller.

zh-cn	该文针对二元假设检验问题，首先在贝叶斯准则的基础上，分析了最小化贝叶斯代价所对应的最优噪声，将贝叶斯代价的最小化问题等价为虚警概率和/或检测概率的最优化。
en-us	The optimal noise that minimizes Bayes risk for a binary hypothesis testing problem is analyzed firstly. As a result, the minimization of Bayes risk can be equivalent as the optimization of the detection probability()DP and/or false alarm probability FA() P.

zh-cn	其次，在保证一定虚警概率和检测概率的前提下，建立起能同时改善检测概率和虚警概率的模型。
en-us	Secondly, a noise enhanced model, which can increase DP and decrease FAP simultaneously, is established under the premise of maintaining predefined FAP and DP.

zh-cn	然后分别给出当检测概率一定时虚警概率最小和虚警概率一定时检测概率最大这两种极限情况下对应的最优加性噪声，并对其进行线性凸组合以获得模型所需的最优加性噪声，进一步分析并证明了该模型能够成立的充分条件。
en-us	Then the optimal additional noise of this model is obtained by a convex combination of two optimal noises of two limit cases, which are the minimization of FAP with maintaining the predefined DP and the maximization of DP with maintaining the predefined FAP, respectively. Furthermore, the sufficient conditions for this model are given.

zh-cn	再次，获得先验概率已知和未知两种情况下最小化贝叶斯代价时所对应的加性噪声，且当先验知识发生改变时，该算法只需调整加性噪声中一个可变参数即可获得相应的最优贝叶斯代价。
en-us	What's more, the additive noise that minimizes the Bayes risk is determined when the prior probabilities are known or not, and the corresponding additive noise can be obtained by recalculating a parameter only if the prior information changes.

zh-cn	最后，结合具体的检测问题，通过仿真验证了所提算法的有效性。
en-us	Finally, the availability of algorithm is proved through the simulation combined with a specific detection example.

zh-cn	该文提出一种新的移位序列集的构造方法，并基于这些新的移位序列，通过交织周期为 N 的完备高斯整数序列，得到一类具有灵活相关区长度的周期为 2N 的高斯整数零相关区序列集。
en-us	A new method of construction of shift sequence sets is proposed, and based on these shift sequences, a new class of Gaussian integer sequence sets with period 2N which can choose Zero Correlation Zone (ZCZ) length flexibly is obtained by interleaving one perfect Gaussian integer sequence with period N.

zh-cn	这类新的序列集的参数能接近甚至达到 Tang-Fan-Matsuji 界，所以序列集的性能是最佳的或者几乎最佳的。
en-us	The new sequence sets whose parameters can reach or approach the Tang-Fan-Matsuji bound are optimal or almost optimal.

zh-cn	高斯整数零相关区序列集可为高速准同步扩频系统提供更多的地址选择空间。
en-us	Gaussian integer sequence sets with zero correlation zone can provide more address selection for high-speed quasi-synchronous spread spectrum system.

zh-cn	该文提出一种基于自适应逼近残差的稀疏表示语音降噪方法。
en-us	A sparse representation speech denoising method based on adapted stopping residue error is proposed.

zh-cn	在字典学习阶段基于 K 奇异值分解(K-Singular Value Decomposition, K-SVD)算法获得干净语音谱的过完备字典，在稀疏表示阶段基于权重因子调整后的噪声谱和估计的交叉项对逼近残差持续自适应地更新，并采用正交匹配追踪(Orthogonal Matching Pursuit, OMP)方法对干净语音谱进行稀疏重构。
en-us	Firstly, an over complete dictionary of the clean speech power spectrum is learned by the K-Singular Value Decomposition (K-SVD) algorithm. In the sparse representation stage, the stopping residue error is adaptively achieved according to the estimated cross terms and the noise spectrum which is adjusted by a weighted factor, and the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) approach is applied to reconstruct the clean speech spectrum from the noisy speech.

zh-cn	最后结合估计的干净语音谱与带噪语音相位，通过傅里叶逆变换获得重构的干净语音。
en-us	Finally, the clean speech is re-synthesis via the inverse Fourier transform with the reconstructed speech spectrum and the noisy speech phase.

zh-cn	实验结果表明所提方法在不同噪声和信噪比条件下相比标准的谱减法，稀疏表示语音降噪算法和基于自回归隐马尔可夫模型的降噪方法有更好的降噪效果。
en-us	The experiment results show that the proposed method outperforms the standard spectral subtraction, sparse representation based speech denoising algorithm and the AutoRegressive Hidden Markov Model (AR-HMM) based speech denoising method in terms of subjective and objective measure.

zh-cn	现有基于机器学习的道路分割方法存在当训练样本和目标场景样本分布不匹配时检测效果下降显著的缺陷。
en-us	The existing machine learning based road segmentation algorithms maintain obvious shortage that the detection effect decreases dramatically when the distribution of training samples and the scene target samples does not match.

zh-cn	针对该问题，该文提出一种基于深度卷积网络和自编码器的场景自适应道路分割算法。
en-us	Focusing on this issue, a scene adaptive road segmentation algorithm based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) and auto encoder is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，采用较为经典的基于慢特征分析(SFA)和 GentleBoost 的方法，实现了带标签置信度样本的在线选取；
en-us	Firstly, classic Slow Feature Analysis (SFA) and Gentle Boost based method is used to generate online samples whose label contain confidence value.

zh-cn	其次，利用深度卷积神经网络(DCNN)深度结构的特征自动抽取能力，辅以特征自编码器对源-目标场景下特征相似度度量，提出了一种采用复合深度结构的场景自适应分类器模型并设计了训练方法。
en-us	After that, using the automatic feature extraction ability of DCNN and performing source-target scene feature similarity calculation with deep auto-encoder, a composite deep structure-based scene adaptive classifier and its training method are designed.

zh-cn	在 KITTI 测试库的测试结果表明，所提算法较现有非场景自适应道路分割算法具有较大的优越性，在检测率上平均提升约 4.5%。
en-us	The experiment on KITTI dataset demonstrates that the proposed method outperforms the existed machine learning based road segmentation algorithms which upgrades the detection rate on average of around 4.5%.

zh-cn	针对共形阵列天线自适应波束形成中存在的通用性差、主瓣保形困难、计算复杂度高等问题，该文提出一种基于稀疏重构的稳健自适应波束形成算法。
en-us	Adaptive beamforming techniques for conformal arrays suffer from poor universality, difficulty to maintain the main beam and high computational cost. A novel robust adaptive beamforming algorithm for conformal arrays based on sparse reconstruction is proposed to alleviate the existing problems.

zh-cn	该算法通过引入渐进最小方差准则，实现了干扰加噪声协方差矩阵的稀疏重构，并得到期望方向上的导向矢量估计，进而求得波束形成器的最优权矢量。
en-us	Firstly, by introducing the Asymptotic Minimum Variance (AMV) criterion, the Interference-Plus-Noise (IPN) covariance matrix reconstruction is realized in a sparse way. Secondly, the Steering Vector (SV) of the Signal Of Interest (SOI) is estimated. Finally, the optimal weight coefficients are achieved.

zh-cn	仿真实验验证了该算法不仅保证了期望的主瓣响应，同时对指向误差有较好的稳健性。
en-us	Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm and prove that this algorithm can achieve superior output performance over the existing adaptive beamforming methods for conformal arrays in a large range of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of the SOI.

zh-cn	与现有算法相比，该算法所需采样快拍数少，计算复杂度低，收敛速度快。
en-us	Moreover, the proposed algorithm needs fewer snapshots with a lower computational cost and has a faster convergence rate.

zh-cn	为满足疯狂增长的数据业务需求，近年来蜂窝基站的部署越来越趋于小型化和密集化，这就对回传技术性能提出了更高的要求。
en-us	As the substantial growth of data traffic over the past few years, the deployment of cellular base stations tends to be smaller and denser which puts forward higher requirements for backhaul techniques.

zh-cn	该文将 WiFi 作为 5G 网络中的一种无线回传技术，提出一种基于 WiFi 多信道聚合的高速同步回传方案。
en-us	In this study, WiFi is taken as a backhaul technique in 5G networks, and then a high-speed synchronous backhaul solution is proposed with aggregation of multiple WiFi channels of which the spectrum is non-continuous.

zh-cn	现有 WiFi 协议(如 IEEE 802.11n/ac)采用静态或动态信道绑定技术可将多个具有连续频谱的信道聚合为单一宽信道，从而提高网络容量。
en-us	Although IEEE 802.11n/ac can achieve channel aggregation with static/dynamic channel bonding scheme, the spectrum of these channels must be continuous.

zh-cn	但是，静态绑定方式不够灵活，动态绑定方式在密集用户分布下也很难发挥其优势。
en-us	Moreover, static channel bonding is not flexible enough and dynamic channel bonding rarely has chance to be implemented when devices are deployed densely.

zh-cn	该文则通过在单一网络节点上配置多射频实现非连续频谱的 WiFi 多信道聚合，其在扩展传输带宽，提升网络性能的同时，也可以有效克服 802.11n/ac 中信道绑定方式的弊端。
en-us	The proposed solution can not only extend transmission bandwidth and improve network capacity of 5G backhaul networks, but also overcome defects of channel bonding in 802.11n/ac.

zh-cn	理论分析和仿真结果表明，所提非连续频谱的 WiFi 多信道聚合方案的回传性能优于 802.11n/ac 中连续频谱聚合方案，且多信道同步传输能有效抑制回传网络中的邻道干扰。
en-us	Both analytical results and simulations show that the performance of the proposed solution is better than the traditional channel bonding and it can reduce adjacent channel interference among multiple channels in 5G backhaul networks.

zh-cn	最后，由搭建的原型验证系统证明了所提方案的可行性及有效性。
en-us	Meanwhile, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed solution are proved by the prototype verification system.

zh-cn	该文针对现有靶场弹丸落点定位系统需要提前测量波速，实际应用复杂，定位误差大等问题，提出一种无需预先测速的弹丸落点定位算法，此算法采用米字型传感器阵列，米字型阵列又可以分解成 2 组五元十字阵，通过来波方向(DOA)算法预先估计波速，然后把波束估计值代入到达时间差算法(TDOA)方程中计算初始位置，再把初始位置和估计波速作为参数代入到泰勒级数展开算法中，收敛定位。
en-us	To overcome the large errors and complexity of measuring the wave velocity of landing point location algorithm in target range, a method based on poisoning algorithm without velocity measurement is proposed. Nine accelerate sensors constitute pozidriv shaped array, which also consists of 2 sets of five-element cross array. DOA algorithm is used to pre-estimate the wave velocity, then the wave velocity as the initial parameter is set into the equation to calculate the initial position. Lastly, as the parameters the initial position and the velocity are set into the Taylor iterative algorithm to get the final location result.

zh-cn	由于不需要预先人工测量波速，减少了波速测量误差，波速和定位位置都是在迭代算法中逐步收敛求精的，所以该算法提高了弹丸落点定位精度，减少了实际应用的复杂性。
en-us	Because wave velocity need not to be measurement, measurement error can be reduced, wave velocity and position value can be calculated by iteration algorithm, so this algorithm makes the landing point location more simple, more accurate.

zh-cn	仿真算法也验证了此方法的可行性，在距离定位阵列 1000 m 范围内迭代算法都是收敛的。
en-us	The simulation verifies that this method is measurable, and the iterative algorithm is convergent in the range of 1000 meters.

zh-cn	该文针对传统智能优化算法中虚拟碰撞而导致的全局搜索效率降低的问题，提出一种模糊非基因信息记忆的双克隆选择算法。
en-us	To provide a better solution for search efficiency reduction problem caused by pseudo collision in the traditional intelligent optimization algorithms, this paper proposes a double clonal selection algorithm based on fuzzy non-genetic information memory.

zh-cn	该算法设计基于模糊非基因信息的搜索机制与克隆选择原理相结合，对抗体进化中的非基因信息进行采集、模糊化并保存到记忆库，运用这些信息引导该抗体后续的双克隆搜索过程，从而减少非优区域的虚拟碰撞，提高全局搜索效率。
en-us	By combing with clonal selection theory, the search mechanism based on fuzzy non-genetic information memory is well performed. The non-genetic information in antibody evolution is collected, fuzzified and stored in the memory. Using this information to guide the subsequent double cloning search process, it can reduce the pseudo collision in non-optimal area, thus the global search efficiency is improved greatly.

zh-cn	通过标准测试函数的仿真试验并与其他算法比较，新算法表现出更快的全局收敛速度和更高的全局收敛精度。
en-us	Extensive simulations show that the proposed algorithm has fast global convergence rate and high global convergence accuracy. Comparative results further demonstrate that it performs better than existing algorithms.

zh-cn	合成雷达孔径图像配准作为变化检测和图像信息融合的基础，对多时相 SAR 图像的解译具有重要作用。
en-us	As the basis of change detection and image fusion, SAR image registration plays an important role in the interpretation of multi-temporal SAR images.

zh-cn	该文提出一种基于 SAR-FAST 角点检测的图像配准方法。
en-us	This paper presents a method of SAR image registration based on corner detection using SAR-FAST, which is a customized version of Features from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST) for processing SAR images.

zh-cn	首先，选用迭代引导平滑算法抑制斑点噪声对角点检测的影响；
en-us	The proposed method firstly employs rolling guidance filter to suppress speckle noise.

zh-cn	然后，以检测点为圆心，选择合适的检测半径，在圆周上选取检测窗口，统计与检测点不相似的窗口数量，判断检测点是否为角点；
en-us	Secondly, the candidate corner point is determined by quantitative analysis of the dissimilarities of the detection windows on the extended circle and the center window. Finally, the error detections are removed by analyzing the intensity distribution properties of the candidate corners.

zh-cn	最后，对候选角点进行分析，根据其强度分布特点进一步剔除误检点。实验结果表明，SAR-FAST 可以检测到足够数量且稳定性和重复性好的角点，应用于图像配准，也能获得较好的配准效果。
en-us	The experimental results show that SAR-FAST can detect a sufficient number of corners with stability and high repeatability, and when applying to image registration, it also can get better registration results.

zh-cn	在电子对抗中，截获到对方的通信比特流序列之后，当链路协议类型未知时，现有的协议解析工具往往无法分析比特流所承载的有用信息。
en-us	In the electronic countermeasure, the opponent's bit stream can be captured. However, without any knowledge about the type of data link protocol, the existing protocol analyzing tools can not analyze the useful information from the bit stream.

zh-cn	为了获取比特流承载信息，首先需要切分比特流得到链路帧。
en-us	To further get the carried information, the bit stream should be segmented to frames firstly.

zh-cn	该文根据链路帧结构的一般规律，提出一种基于数据挖掘的比特流切分算法。通过频繁序列统计、关联规则分析以及关联规则整合，识别出比特流中标识帧起始的多重关联规则序列。
en-us	According to the general rules of frame structure, a bit stream segmentation algorithm is proposed based on data mining, in which, the multi-association rule indicating the beginning of frames can be identified by using frequent sequence statistics, association analysis and association rules integration.

zh-cn	测试结果表明，该算法能够从未知比特流中提取有效的切分标识，正确实现比特流切分。
en-us	The test results show that, this algorithm can extract the valid segmentation flag from unknown bit stream and segment the bit stream correctly.

zh-cn	与同类基于数据挖掘的比特流分析方法相比，该算法复杂度低，输出结果唯一且可信度高。
en-us	Compared to the similar data mining based bit stream analyzing algorithms, this algorithm can be more efficient and produce a unique result which is of high reliability.

zh-cn	该文研究了 LCLC 谐振变换器在空间行波管放大器中的应用。
en-us	The application of LCLC resonant converters for space Travelling-Wave Tube Amplifiers (TWTAs) is investigated in this paper.

zh-cn	基于电路分析的方法，研究了工作于零电压和零电流状态下的 LCLC 谐振电路的工作原理，并得到了各个工作模式的等效电路；
en-us	Based on the working principles under Zero Current Switching (ZCS) and Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS), the equivalent circuit of each mode is derived.

zh-cn	基于该电路的工作原理，推导了该电路的参数；
en-us	In addition, the parameters in each mode are also calculated.

zh-cn	为验证分析的正确性，在 PSIM 仿真软件中对其进行仿真，并将仿真结果与计算结果进行了对比，仿真结果与分析结果高度一致；
en-us	In order to validate the effectiveness of the analysis, PSIM simulations are carried out and the results are in accordance with the calculated results.

zh-cn	最后，设计了输入 20 V，输出 4600 V，开关频率 200 kHz，输出功率 280 W，效率高达 93.38%的 LCLC 谐振变换器。
en-us	Finally, an LCLC resonant converter with 20 V input, 4600 V output, switching frequency 200 kHz, 280 W output power, 93.38% efficiency is designed.

zh-cn	仿真结果与实验结果都证实了分析的有效性。
en-us	Both the simulation results and the experimental results validate the effectiveness of the analysis.

zh-cn	为了保证可见光通信(VLC)系统能够为智能终端提供高速率、低能耗的数据传输服务。
en-us	In order to guarantee that Visible Light Communication (VLC) can provide both high-speed and low energy consumption data transmission services.

zh-cn	该文基于脉冲位置调制(PPM)技术，提出了一种新型的无载波位相(CPP)调制技术，即通过运用正交滤波器提高了PPM的传输速率。
en-us	A modulation named by Carrier-less Position/Phase (CPP) based on Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) is proposed. By utilizing the orthogonal filters, the transmission rate of the PPM is improved.

zh-cn	而针对采用CPP调制在VLC系统中功率效率显著降低的问题，提出了全新的时变偏置有效地降低了系统的功耗。
en-us	According to that employing CPP modulation in VLC makes power efficiency significantly reduced, a novel variable bias is presented as an effort to reduce the power consumption effectively.

zh-cn	最后仿真结果表明，采用时变偏置的CPP系统同采用直流偏置相比，在获得相同BER性能且带宽受限的情况下可以节省2 dB的信噪比。
en-us	Finally, the simulation results illustrate that applying the proposed variable bias to CPP scheme, compared to DC bias, the new scheme can save 2 dB of SNR to obtain the same BER performance under the bandwidth constrained conditions.

zh-cn	而同时考虑信号时隙之间的相关性，时变偏置可以进一步提升约1.5 dB的BER性能。
en-us	After further considering slots' correlation, the variable bias can further improve the BER performance by 1.5 dB.

zh-cn	该文针对姿态测量过程中求解整周模糊度计算复杂度高的问题，提出一种基于天线布局的姿态测量方法。
en-us	In order to solve the problem of high computational complexity of the ambiguity in attitude measurement, a new attitude measurement method based on antenna configuration is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法在一定的测量误差下，采用特定的方式配置姿态测量天线组，通过天线配置的约束信息确定载波相位的整周模糊度差，并使用短基线和中基线分别进行姿态粗测和精测，达到快速姿态测量和提高精度的目的。
en-us	In a certain range of measurement error, the antenna array for attitude determination is properly configured, and the integer ambiguity of double difference carrier phase is determined by the constraint information of antenna configuration. Short-baseline and middle-baseline are used for coarse and precise attitude measurement.

zh-cn	使用这种方法进行飞行器姿态测量时可以不必求解整周模糊度，避免了复杂的整周模糊度搜索算法，进而提高了姿态测量速度，该方法非常适用于飞行器的快速测姿。
en-us	This method for aerocraft attitude determination does not need to solve the ambiguity. It avoids the use of complex ambiguity search algorithm and improves the speed of attitude determination. It is suitable for fast attitude measurement of aerocraft.

zh-cn	在可搜索加密的云服务中，数据拥有者往往更希望将数据文件以密文的形式分别存储到多个云服务器，从而提高授权用户对云端数据的检索效率以及对大型数据的处理能力。
en-us	In the searchable encryption services provided by cloud severs, data owners expect that their data files can be partitioned and stored to multiple cloud severs with the form of ciphertext, so as to improve the searching efficiency of authorized users and the processing ability of big data.

zh-cn	基于此，该文提出一种基于云存储的多服务器多关键词多用户可搜索加密方案，该方案被证明是 IND-CKA(adaptive Chosen Keyword Attack)安全的，且同时具备关键词陷门的安全性。
en-us	For this issue, a multi-sever multi-keyword searchable encryption scheme is proposed based on cloud storage, and the proposed scheme is proved to be IND-CKA (adaptive Chosen Keyword Attack) secure coexisting with the secure trapdoor.

zh-cn	相对于单服务器可搜索加密，该方案在保证数据机密性的前提下能够对其进行高效检索，并能够在关键字索引中不完全包含所检索的多个关键词或者不存在某个文件包含所有被检索的多个关键词的情况下，更精确地进行检索。
en-us	Compared with the single sever searchable encryption, the proposed scheme can not only guarantee the data security, but also provide more accurate retrieval service when the keyword index or any one file does not contain all of the searching keywords.

zh-cn	传统无损压缩算法对屏幕图像的压缩效果不佳。
en-us	Traditional lossless compression algorithms are not efficient for screen content coding.

zh-cn	该文根据典型屏幕图像的特性，以 LZ4HC(LZ4 High Compression)算法为具体实现基础，提出一种基于串匹配的高性能低复杂度(String Matching with High Performance and Low Complexity, SMHPLC) 的屏幕图像无损压缩算法。
en-us	To take the full advantage of special characteristics of screen content, a lossless compression algorithm based on String Matching with High Performance and Low Complexity (SMHPLC) is proposed. It is implemented on the basis of LZ4HC (LZ4 High Compression).

zh-cn	相对于传统字典编码无损压缩算法，新算法提出了以像素为搜索和匹配单位，对未匹配串长度、匹配串长度以及匹配偏移量这 3 个编码参数进行联合优化编码，并对参数进行映射编码。
en-us	The main new ideas are using pixel instead of byte as the basic unit for string searching and matching, adopting joint optimal coding of three parameters of literal length, match length and offset and mapping for three parameters.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，SMHPLC 具有高性能和低复杂度的综合优势，大幅降低编码复杂度，提高了编码效率。
en-us	Experiment results show that SMHPLC has both high coding efficiency and low complexity.

zh-cn	使用移动的文字和图形类的 AVS2 通用测试序列作为测试对象，对于 YUV 和 RGB 两种格式，SMHPLC 算法比 LZ4HC 总体节省码率分别为 22.4%，21.2%，同时编码复杂度降低分别为 35.5%，46.8%。
en-us	Compared to LZ4HC, SMHPLC not only has a coding complexity reduction of 34.6%, 46.8%, but also achieve overall bit-rate saving of 22.4%, 21.2% in YUV, RGB color formats respectively for AVS2 common test sequences in moving text and graphics category.

zh-cn	随着通信技术的发展，行波管预失真电路的研究变得越来越重要。
en-us	With the development of communication technology, investigating predistortion circuit for Travelling Wave Tube (TWT) becomes more and more important.

zh-cn	该文针对基于肖特基二极管的非线性发生器，首次分析了二极管 SPICE(Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis)模型参数中零偏压结电容和串联电阻对预失真扩张曲线的影响。
en-us	This paper analyzes the principle of nonlinearity generator based on the schottky diodes and the effects of the zero bias junction capacitor and series resistor of the diode Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE) model on the expansions of the circuit for the first time.

zh-cn	对目前的微带预失真电路工作在 K 波段以下，绝对或相对带宽一般不超过1.8 GHz 和 4%，需在输入及输出端加隔离器等不足，基于 ADS(Advanced Design System)软件设计并加工了一种用于中心频率 30 GHz，绝对和相对带宽为 2 GHz 和 6.67% 的毫米波行波管的微带预失真电路。
en-us	The conventional micro-strip predistortion circuits, whose absolute or relative bandwidth are less than 1.8 GHz and 4%, work at below K band, and need isolators to match the input and output ports. Based on the Advanced Design System (ADS) software, it is designed that a micro-strip predistortion circuit for millimeter wave band TWT at center frequency 30 GHz, absolute bandwidth 2 GHz, and relative bandwidth 6.67%.

zh-cn	分别测试行波管和级联线性化器后的行波管，29 GHz, 30 GHz 和 31 GHz 的增益和相位压缩量分别可以从 7.5 dB 和40°, 7.3 dB和50°, 7.1 dB 和59°改善到 3.8 dB 和10°, 3.7 dB 和12°, 2.4 dB 和15°以内。
en-us	The results of experiments show that the compressions variations of gain and phase are from 7.5 dB and 40°, 7.3 dB and 50°, 7.1 dB and 59°to less than 3.8 dB and 10°, 3.7 dB and 12°, 2.4 dB and 15°for the TWT without and with the linearizer at 29 GHz, 30 GHz and 31 GHz respectively.

zh-cn	双音测试结果表明，为了达到通信中载波与三阶交叉调制分量抑制比(C/IM3)25 dBc 的要求，单独行波管在 29 GHz, 30 GHz 和 31 GHz 时需分别回退 17 dB, 18 dB 和 18 dB，而加入线性化器后的行波管，只需分别回退 12 dB, 9 dB 和 8 dB，也即加线性化器可改善 5 dB, 9 dB 和 10 dB，极大地提升了行波管的线性度，具有重要工程应用价值。
en-us	The two tones test results show that the Input Power Back Off (IPBO) are 17 dB, 18 dB and 18 dB for the TWT, but 12 dB, 9 dB, and 8 dB for the Linearized TWT (LTWT), namely 5 dB, 9 dB, and 10 dB improvements with the linearizer at 29 GHz, 30 GHz, and 31 GHz respectively for the demand of 25 dBc Carrier to third InterModulation (C/IM3) ratioin in communication system. The linearity of TWT is clearly improved with the linearizer, which serves as a great value for engineering application.

zh-cn	词语相似度的计算在机器翻译、信息检索等多个领域有重要作用。
en-us	Word similarity measurement plays an important role in machine learning, information retrieval and many other fields.

zh-cn	该文以概念层次网络理论的概念基元符号系统为语义资源，在共性与差异性对比思想下，提出一个涵盖层次性、网络性、对比对偶特性、挂靠特性及五元组信息的多维度词语相似度计算方法；
en-us	Regarding the concept primitive symbol system of Hierarchical network of concepts theory as semantic resource and comparing commonness with difference, a multi-dimensional computational method for similarity is proposed which considers the hierarchy, netted nature, comparability and duality, attached feature and quintuple information of the system.

zh-cn	在节点深度和节点距离度量上，引入权重以增加不同层次间的区分程度。
en-us	Weight strategy is introduced for node depth and distance measurement to increase the discrimination of node level.

zh-cn	在人工打分的测试集上进行实验，结果表明该方法计算的相似度与人工判断的符合程度较好，兼容度、相关系数和序对符合度分别达到 0.812, 0.786 和 0.775；
en-us	Experiment on manual scoring test set shows that the computed similarities are consistent with human judgments. The proposed method achieves 0.812, 0.786, and 0.775 in compatibility degree, correlation coefficient, and ordinal pair conformity respectively.

zh-cn	同时，相关性检验的结果也显示该方法的计算值与人工打分显著相关。
en-us	Meanwhile, the result of correlation test further proofs that the computed similarities and human's scores are significantly correlated.

zh-cn	使用智能手机中集成的加速度传感器识别用户日常动作在惯性定位、个性化推荐、运动量评估等领域有重要的应用。
en-us	Human activity recognition based on accelerometer embedded in smartphones is wildly applied to inertial positioning, personalized recommendation, daily exercise estimating and other fields.

zh-cn	手机位置不固定导致的动作识别率低下是该领域面临的主要问题。
en-us	The low recognition rate which caused by varying phone displacement is a crucial problem which needs to solve.

zh-cn	为了提高手机位置不固定时的动作识别率，该文提出一种基于层次分类的动作识别方法。
en-us	To improve the recognition rate when the phone's displacement is unfixed, a hierarchical classification-based activity recognition method is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法将动作识别分为多层，每一层包含一个分类器。
en-us	The activity recognition process is divided into multiple layers in this method, and each layer contains a classifier.

zh-cn	在训练某一层分类器时，首先根据本层训练样本集进行特征选择并训练分类器。
en-us	For training each layer's classifier, it runs the feature selection algorithm first, and the classifier is trained based on the selected features.

zh-cn	然后使用训练得到的分类器对训练样本分类，并计算分类结果的可信度。
en-us	Then, the trained classifier is used to classify the training set, and each sample's classification confidence is calculated.

zh-cn	最后通过对低可信度的样本进行剪枝得到下层分类器的训练样本。
en-us	Finally, samples whose confidence is lower than the hierarchical threshold are selected as the next layer's training set.

zh-cn	对未知类别的样本分类时，首先使用第 1 层分类器分类。
en-us	When an unlabeled sample comes, the first layer is used to classify this sample.

zh-cn	如果分类结果可信度较高，则分类结束；
en-us	If the classification confidence is higher than the hierarchical threshold, the recognition is over.

zh-cn	否则使用下层分类器分类，直至所有分类器遍历完。
en-us	Otherwise, the next layer will repeat this process until all the layers are traversed.

zh-cn	实验部分通过对采集的动作数据进行仿真，验证了该文方法的有效性。
en-us	The experiment collects activity data, and simulates the activity recognition.

zh-cn	结果表明，与单层分类器相比，该方法可以将动作识别率由 85.2%提高至 89.2%。
en-us	The simulation show that compared with the current methods, this method may improve the recognition rate from 85.2% to 89.2%.

zh-cn	针对传统多阈值 Otsu 方法在寻找最佳阈值过程中穷举计算效率低的问题，该文分析了多阈值 Otsu 的阈值性质，证明了使用 Otsu 方法找到的一组最佳阈值与分割出的各类均值之间的数学对应关系。
en-us	To resolve the problem of low efficiency which traditional multi-threshold Otsu existing in searching of optimal thresholds on the brute-force method, the thresholds properties of multi-threshold Otsu are analyzed, and the mathematical correspondence is proved between a set of optimal thresholds and the means of various categories.

zh-cn	根据多阈值 Otsu的阈值性质，该文提出一个新算法用来快速计算所需最佳阈值，建立了一种新的阈值搜索模型。
en-us	A new algorithm is proposed to calculate the optimal thresholds and a new model of searching thresholds is also built according to the properties of thresholds of multi-threshold Otsu.

zh-cn	该算法搜寻满足Otsu 多阈值与以此阈值分割出的各类均值之间关系的一组最优阈值，从而确定符合 Otsu 准则的最佳阈值。
en-us	The algorithm searches for a set of optimal thresholds that satisfy the correspondence between the thresholds and the means of various categories segmented by them, so the optimal thresholds of Otsu can be determined.

zh-cn	该算法有效减少了阈值搜索范围，并且在均值、方差等计算上引入了查找表，优化了底层运算。
en-us	The algorithm reduces the search range effectively and optimizes the calculation of means and variances using lookup table.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，与传统多阈值 Otsu 方法相比，该算法的分割速度大幅度提高，相比于其他多阈值 Otsu 快速算法，不仅在计算速度上有所提升，而且得到的最佳阈值克服了随机性和偶然性的缺点，是严格符合 Otsu 原则的。
en-us	Experimental results show that the segmentation speed of the algorithm is greatly improved compared with the traditional multi-threshold Otsu method, and the algorithm can not only improve the computation speed, but also overcome the shortcomings of randomness and contingency of thresholds compared with other fast multi-threshold Otsu algorithm, and the results are strictly in line with the principle of multi-threshold Otsu.

zh-cn	该文针对成对用户大规模MIMO中继系统，研究了最优能效准则下的系统参数设计。
en-us	The optimal system design based on maximizing the Energy Efficiency (EE) is investigated for the multi- pair massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) relaying system.

zh-cn	在中继采用最大比合并/最大比发射(MRC/MRT)预编码方案下，借助于大数定律，推导出能效函数关于用户发射功率、中继发射功率和中继天线数的解析表达式。
en-us	By virtue of the law of large numbers, an analytical expression of the involved EE function is derived with respect to the transmit power at the users and the relay, and the antenna number of the relay, when the Maximum Ratio Combining Maximum Ratio Transmission (MRC/MRT) precoding is adopted at the relay.

zh-cn	根据能效函数性质，分别证明了全局最优发射向量和最优天线数的存在性和唯一性。
en-us	The existences of a unique globally optimal transmit power vector and a unique globally optimal antenna number at relay are demonstrated separately by exploring the properties of the EE function.

zh-cn	为了求解最优发射功率，利用分数规划，将原优化问题转换为等价的减法形式，进而提出一种新的低复杂度迭代优化算法，并求得最优发射功率的闭合解。
en-us	In order to obtain the optimal transmit power vector, the original fractional optimization problem is first transformed into an equivalent subtractive form by using the properties of fractional programming. Then, a low-complexity iterative algorithm is developed and the closed-form solution is deduced.

zh-cn	对于最优天线数，则利用Lambert W函数，得到了能效最大时的最优天线数闭合解。
en-us	Regarding the optimal number of relay antennas, a closed-form solution is also achieved by use of the Lambert W function.

zh-cn	通过数值仿真，验证了所提功率优化算法以极少迭代次数取得了接近最优算法的性能，并验证了所给出的最优天线数闭合解的精确性。
en-us	Numerical simulations show that the proposed power optimization algorithm converges to a near optimal solution only with a few numbers of iterations and the provided closed-form solution to the optimal number of relay antennas is also accurate.

zh-cn	同频同时全双工是第 5 代(5G)通信关键技术之一，数字自干扰抵消算法是其重要研究方向。
en-us	In-band full duplex is a key concept brought up in 5G, and digital Self-Interference (SI) cancellation has become an important field attracting much attention.

zh-cn	针对非线性数字自干扰抵消算法中，失真系数估计受到自干扰信道估计误差的影响这一问题，该文提出一种基于辅助符号的非线性自干扰抵消算法，通过对辅助符号做自干扰抵消，将信道估计符号的失真误差映射到其抵消结果中并提取出来，从中估计失真系数。
en-us	SI channel estimation error introduced by nonlinear distortion leads to deleterious effect on the accurate estimation of distortion coefficient. This paper proposes a nonlinear SI cancellation algorithm based on an auxiliary symbol. The channel estimation error is mapped into cancellation residuals by performing SI cancellation for the designed auxiliary symbol, and then extracted to be an independent attributor for distortion coefficient estimation.

zh-cn	接着针对算法开销问题提出一种简化实现方案。
en-us	A simplified implementation is proposed further for reducing the overhead of the algorithm.

zh-cn	仿真结果显示，接收自干扰信号为-5 dBm 时，算法可将自干扰非线性失真分量抵消至约-100 dBm，且性能随接收自干扰功率降低而提高。
en-us	Simulation results show that the nonlinear SI component is suppressed to about -100 dBm with -5 dBm SI power received. In addition, the lower the received SI power is, the better the performance tends to be.

zh-cn	现有雷达系统在目标跟踪时所形成的波束仅与目标方向有关，无法实现信号发射能量在特定距离和方向上的聚焦。
en-us	The traditional radar system can form an angle-dependent beam for target tracking, which is independent on the range of target and as a result can not make the transmit energy focus on the target's position.

zh-cn	针对上述问题，该文将频率分集阵(Frequency Diverse Array, FDA)与 MIMO 雷达相结合，提出一种基于非单调递增频率偏移的混合相控阵 MIMO 雷达目标跟踪方法。
en-us	For this problem, a novel hybrid phased-MIMO radar with non-monotone increasing frequency offset for target tracking is proposed based on the combination of the Frequency Diverse Array (FDA) with MIMO radar.

zh-cn	该方法利用阵元间非单调递增频率偏移，形成基于距离和方向的 2 维发射方向图，不仅消除了一般 FDA 阵列方向图在距离上的周期性，而且实现了方向图在距离和方向上的解耦合，使雷达能够形成基于距离和方向的 2 维点状跟踪波束。
en-us	With the non-monotone increasing frequency offset, this new method can form a transmit beampattern in two dimensions of range and angle, and cancel the periodicity of basic FDA beampattern in range domain as well as decouple the beampattern in range and angle dimensions. With the help of the decoupled beampattern, a two dimensional point beam can be formed to track target.

zh-cn	通过利用混合相控阵 MIMO 雷达的发射增益和波形分集特性，进一步提高目标跟踪性能。
en-us	With the advantages of the hybrid phased-MIMO radar's transmit gain and waveform diversity, the tracking performance can be enforced.

zh-cn	利用 MUSIC 算法对所提方法进行实验仿真和对比分析，分别验证了所提方法目标跟踪及抗干扰的有效性。
en-us	Finally, the target tracking accuracy of the proposed method is analysed and the performance of anti-jamming is proved by simulations results.

zh-cn	作为一种重要的欺骗干扰样式，转发式干扰通过对雷达发射信号存储转发，形成的距离欺骗假目标在空间上是分散的。
en-us	As an effective category of deception jamming, repeater jamming generates range false targets appearing dispersedly by modulating and retransmitting intercepted radar signals.

zh-cn	而分布式多站雷达进行空间配准时，会将未分布于一个空间分辨单元内的假目标剔除，使之失去干扰效果。
en-us	However, distributed multiple-radar system will reject the false targets overstep a space resolution cell automatically in spatial registration.

zh-cn	因此，有必要研究转发式干扰对分布式多站雷达的干扰能力。
en-us	Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the ability of repeater jamming on multiple-radar system.

zh-cn	该文在多站雷达中各雷达站相距不远的条件下，从空间分辨单元的物理含义入手，导出了多站雷达在一定空间分辨率下，转发式干扰能对其进行有效干扰的条件。
en-us	When the distance between different stations is not far, this paper derives the effective jamming condition.

zh-cn	当干扰机位于远场区域时，证明了相同时延产生的假目标必然可对多站雷达实现有效欺骗；
en-us	When the jammer locates in the far field, it is theoretically proved that the false targets generating by the same delays can always deceive the multiple-radar system.

zh-cn	当干扰机位于近场区域时，推导出有效干扰的欺骗距离范围，通过控制转发延迟量，可保证对多站雷达的欺骗效果。
en-us	When the jammer locates in the near field, it can also deceive the multiple-radar system by adjusting the time delay. The effective range of time delay is derived.

zh-cn	该结论对多站雷达的干扰和抗干扰均具有重要的指导意义。
en-us	The obtained conclusion is a good guidance for both the jamming and anti-jamming of multiple-radar systems.

zh-cn	水声通道复杂多变，使得水下无线传感器网络中节点出现失效的情况，影响了多节点的目标定位性能。
en-us	In Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) the accuracy of target localization suffers from invalid anchors.

zh-cn	为解决这一问题，该文提出一种基于 Parzen 窗的方位交线定位方法。
en-us	To reduce the impact, an improved cross-bearing localization method is proposed based on the Parzen window.

zh-cn	该方法利用 Parzen 窗分析所有交点的分布特征，估计目标可能出现在某个位置的概率，将概率最大值对应的点作为目标的估计位置。
en-us	In this method, the probability of target location is estimated by the Parzen window according to the distribution characteristics of all intersection points, and the target location is selected as the point corresponding to the maximum value of probability.

zh-cn	由于概率分布是非线性、多峰值的，采用带有惯性权重的粒子群算法去求解。
en-us	Because of the nonlinear and multi-peak features of the probability distribution, the standard particle swarm optimization method is adopted to solve the problem.

zh-cn	仿真实验结果表明，所提方法能够在节点失效的情况下获得较高的目标定位性能，具有较好的鲁棒性。
en-us	Simulations indicate that the proposed method avoids effectively the influence of the invalid anchors on the performance of localization, and has better accuracy and robustness compared with other cross-bearing localization methods in the complex underwater environment.

zh-cn	该文针对瑞利衰落信道中采用 Chase 合并混合自动重传请求(CC-HARQ)协议的多跳中继网络提出一种基于跨层设计的能量效率优化策略。
en-us	The cross-layer optimum scheme of Energy Efficiency (EE) for a multihop relay network with Chase-Combining based Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (CC-HARQ) in Rayleigh fading channels is proposed.

zh-cn	为实现能量效率的最大化，基于对数域线性阈值的平均误帧率模型，推导出多跳CC-HARQ 系统能量效率的闭合表达式，进而设计了最优发送帧长策略和最优发送功率分配方案，其次，针对发送帧长和发送功率分析了两者的联合优化方案。
en-us	In order to maximize EE, a closed-form expression of Energy Efficiency in a multihop CC-HARQ system is derived, which is obtained via an average frame error rate model adopting a new log-domain linear threshold method. Then optimal frame length scheme and optimal transmission power allocation method are further designed, towards the frame length and transmission power, and a joint optimization metric of those two parameters is considered.

zh-cn	仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性和可行性，仿真对比实验表明所提跨层优化设计方案可以有效提升实际多跳网络的能量效率性能。
en-us	Simulation results verify the correctness and feasibility of the analytical solutions, meanwhile, simulation experiments of comparisons show that the proposed cross-layer optimization design is able to improve the EE performance of practical multihop networks.

zh-cn	为了将无监督特征学习应用于小样本量的图像情绪语义分析，该文采用一种基于卷积稀疏自动编码器进行自学习的领域适应方法对少量有标记抽象图像进行情绪性分类。
en-us	To apply unsupervised feature learning to emotional semantic analysis for images in small sample size situations, convolutional sparse autoencoder based self-taught learning for domain adaption is adopted for affective classification of a small amount of labeled abstract images.

zh-cn	并且提出了一种采用平均梯度准则对自动编码器所学权重进行排序的方法，用于对基于不同领域的特征学习结果进行直观比较。
en-us	To visually compare the results of feature learning on different domains, an average gradient criterion based method is further proposed for the sorting of weights learned by sparse autoencoders.

zh-cn	首先在源领域中的大量无标记图像上随机采集图像子块并利用稀疏自动编码器学习局部特征，然后将对应不同特征的权重矩阵按照每个矩阵在 3 个色彩通道上的平均梯度中的最小值进行排序。
en-us	Image patches are first randomly collected from a large number of unlabeled images in the source domain and local features are learned using a sparse autoencoder. Then the weight matrices corresponding to different features are sorted according to the minimal average gradient of each matrix in three color channels.

zh-cn	最后采用包含池化层的卷积神经网络提取目标领域有标记图像样本的全局特征响应，并送入逻辑回归模型进行情绪性分类。
en-us	Global feature activations of labeled images in the target domain are finally obtained by a convolutional neural network including a pooling layer and sent into a logistic regression model for affective classification.

zh-cn	实验结果表明基于自学习的领域适应可以为无监督特征学习在有限样本目标领域上的应用提供训练数据，而且采用稀疏自动编码器的跨领域特征学习能在有限数量抽象图像情绪语义分析中获得比底层视觉特征更优秀的辨识效果。
en-us	Experimental results show that self-taught learning based domain adaption can provide training data for the application of unsupervised feature learning in target domains with limited samples. Sparse autoencoder based feature learning across different domains can produce better identification effect than low-level visual features in emotional semantic analysis of a limited number of abstract images.

zh-cn	由于社交类应用涉及的隐私数据类型非常多，导致这类应用在被广泛使用的同时，频繁出现用户隐私泄露事件，但是目前还鲜有针对社交应用的隐私泄露检测机制的研究。
en-us	Since social applications involve various types of information related to the user privacy, events of privacy leakage occur frequently along with their popular applications and few studies are available on the privacy leakage detection for social applications.

zh-cn	该文结合 Android 系统的特性，提出一个面向Android 社交类应用检测框架 X-Decaf(Xposed-based-detecting-cache-file)，创新性地利用污点追踪技术以及Xposed 框架，获取应用内疑似泄露路径，监测隐私数据的缓存文件。
en-us	With the combination of the characteristics of the Android system as well as the exploitation of the taint tracking technology and Xposed framework, a privacy leakage detection tool named X-Decaf (Xposed-based-detecting-cache-file) is proposed, which is oriented to social applications on Android platform. It suspects the leakage paths within the applications and detects the privacy data's cache files.

zh-cn	此外，该文给出了对隐私泄露进行评级的建议，并利用该框架对 50 款社交类应用进行了检测，发现社交类应用普遍存在泄露用户隐私信息的漏洞。
en-us	This paper also presents a suggestion for the evaluation of the privacy leakage. Evaluation results of 50 kinds of Android social applications show that many vulnerabilities of user privacy leakage exist in the social applications on Android platform.

zh-cn	针对各种环境声对声音事件识别的影响，该文提出一种基于优化的正交匹配追踪(Orthogonal Matching Pursuit, OMP)声音事件识别方法。
en-us	A sound event recognition method based on optimized Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) is proposed for decreasing the influence of sound event recognition on various environments.

zh-cn	首先，利用 OMP 稀疏分解并重构声音信号，保留声音信号的主体部分，减小噪声的影响。其中，使用粒子群(Particle Swarm Optimization, PSO)算法优化搜索最优原子，实现 OMP 的快速稀疏分解。
en-us	Firstly, OMP is used for sparse decomposition and reconstruction of sound signal to decrease the influence of noise and reserve the main body of sound signal, where Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is adopted to accelerate the best atom searching in the process of sparse decomposition.

zh-cn	接着，对重构声音信号提取 Mel 频率倒谱系数(Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients, MFCCs)，与 OMP时-频特征和基频(PITCH)特征，组成优化 OMP 的复合特征。
en-us	Then, an optimized composited feature of Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs), time-frequency OMP feature, and PITCH feature is extracted from reconstructed signal.

zh-cn	最后，通过优化 OMP 复合特征，使用随机森林(Random Forests, RF)对 40 种声音事件在不同环境不同信噪比下进行识别。
en-us	Finally, Random Forests (RF) classifier is employed to recognize 40 classes of sound events in different environments and Signal-to-Noise Rates (SNRs).

zh-cn	实验结果表明，优化 OMP 复合特征结合 RF 的方法能有效地识别各种环境下的声音事件。
en-us	The experiment result shows that the proposed method can effectively recognize sound events in various environments.

zh-cn	该文在优化渐变槽天线结构基础上，采用栅形开槽和加载周期结构，设计了一款平面端射天线。
en-us	Based on optimized geometry structure of tapered slot antenna, an end-fire printed antenna is designed with rectangular-grooved and periodic structure.

zh-cn	通过数值模拟，分析了栅形开槽和周期结构对天线辐射特性的影响。
en-us	Its effects on the radiation pattern of antenna is studied and simulated.

zh-cn	该结构在 1~3.5 GHz 频带内，明显改善了渐变槽天线的端射特性。
en-us	From 1 GHz to 3.5 GHz, those structures improve the end-fire characteristics of the antenna obviously.

zh-cn	天线样机测试结果表明，该天线在 1~3.5 GHz 内，驻波系数小于 2，增益约为 7 dBi。
en-us	Finally, pairs of antennas are constructed and measured. The measured results show that VSWR is smaller than 2 and the gain is approximately equal to 7 dBi from 1 GHz to 3.5 GHz.

zh-cn	天线的群时延相对平坦，时域波形振铃较小，可以应用于脉冲体制雷达。
en-us	The measured transfer characteristics results show that the antenna achieves a stable group delay and a low late-time ring. The antenna can be applied to the impulse radar.

zh-cn	该文针对乳腺 X 线图像病变的多视图检测与分析问题，建立了一种基于乳房生理特征的多视图坐标系。
en-us	A breast coordinate system based on physiological features is developed for multi-view analysis in mammograms.

zh-cn	通过轴位、中侧斜位视图图像中的乳头、胸肌典型生理特征的提取，以及乳房边缘的椭圆拟合，建立乳腺 X 线图像多视图分析坐标系，可将乳腺 X 线图像双侧四视图经非线性映射至同一坐标框架内。
en-us	It is constructed according to the locations of nipple, pectoral muscle and the fitted breast boundary. The breast regions in mammograms are mapped into a parameter frame because of the coordinate system.

zh-cn	以北京大学人民医院乳腺中心提供的图像库为实验数据，从生理特征定位精度、兴趣区域匹配精度等多方面进行坐标系匹配准确度的测试与验证，结果表明该坐标系有助于乳腺 X 线图像，特别是致密型图像的多视图病变检测。
en-us	Experiments are implemented on data set of Breast Cancer of Peking University People's Hospital. The performance of locating the physiological features and matching the regions of interest is evaluated. Results show that the proposed coordinate system could achieve favorable performance and facilitate the multi-view analysis in mammograms.

zh-cn	为实现减小数字电路的供电电压来降低其能量消耗的目的，该文提出基于脉冲跨周期调制(PSM)的 DC- DC 变换器自适应电压调节(AVS)技术。
en-us	In order to decrease energy consumption of digital circuits by reducing the supply voltage, an Adaptive Voltage Scaling (AVS) for DC-DC converter based on Pulse Skip Modulation (PSM) is proposed.

zh-cn	AVS 技术通过追踪和探测关键路径复制(CPR)的延迟时间自适应地调节数字电路的供电电压。
en-us	The AVS technique can scale supply voltage adaptively by probing and tracking the Critical Path Replica (CPR) delay time.

zh-cn	同时，具有自适应占空比的 PSM 调制模式(APSM)被用来改善轻负载下变换器输出电压的纹波和效率。
en-us	To improve the output voltage ripple and efficiency of converter especially in light load, the PSM with Adaptive ratio duty (APSM) also is used.

zh-cn	实验结果显示，当负载工作频率在 30~150 MHz 范围内变化时，输出电压在 0.6~1.5 V 之间稳定输出。
en-us	The experimental results show that the output voltage is well regulated from 0.6~1.5 V when the operation frequency of load varies within the range of 30~150 MHz.

zh-cn	和传统的固定工作电压相比，该文设计的 DC-DC 变换器最大可节省 83%的能耗。
en-us	The maximum energy saving of 83% is obtained with the proposed converter compared to the traditional fixed voltage.

zh-cn	该文针对大规模MIMO FDD下行系统，联合考虑信道估计与数据传输两个阶段的资源分配问题，提出一种能效资源分配算法。
en-us	An energy-efficient resource allocation method is provided for the downlink massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) system, which jointly evaluates the channel estimation stage and data transmission stage.

zh-cn	该方法以最大化能效为目标，以导频时长、导频功率和数据功率为参量，在指定发射功率和频谱效率约束的条件下建立优化模型。
en-us	The optimization problem is established based on the Energy Efficiency (EE) maximization by adjusting the pilot duration, pilot power and data power under the constraint of total transmit energy and spectral efficiency requirement.

zh-cn	由于目标函数无精确解析形式，借助确定性等价原理对其近似并求得闭合表达式。
en-us	Since the analytical expression of the involved objective function is intractable, a closed-form expression is deduced using deterministic equivalent approximation technology.

zh-cn	进而，利用分数规划将原分式形式目标函数等价转换为减式形式，再利用目标函数的下界将非凸优化问题逐步释放为相对容易求解的等效问题，最终获得一种3层迭代能效资源优化算法。
en-us	Based on this, the original non-convex fractional optimization problem is transformed into an equivalent problem in subtractive form by the means of fraction programming. Then, a lower bound of the transformed objective function is employed, which induces a relatively easy-to-solve equivalent problem. Finally, a three-layer iterative algorithm is developed.

zh-cn	仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性，且具有较快的收敛速度。
en-us	Numerical results validate the effectiveness and relatively fast convergence speed of the proposed algorithm.

zh-cn	在主动频谱切换中，预先确定目标信道存在高失效风险，从而增加切换时延的问题。
en-us	The predetermined target channel has high risk of being unavailable in the proactive-decision spectrum handoff.

zh-cn	该文提出一种基于混合主被动频谱切换的最优目标信道选择算法。
en-us	To solve this problem, an optimum target channel selection algorithm based on hybrid spectrum handoff is proposed.

zh-cn	该算法结合主动频谱切换和被动频谱切换的优点，引入最小累积切换时延评价标准，综合考虑次用户的多次中断、主用户的到达率和非理想频谱检测对次用户累积切换时延的影响，并详细分析和推导了非理想检测下次用户的累积切换时延。
en-us	This algorithm coordinates the advantages of both the proactive-decision and reactive-decision spectrum handoffs. With the metric of minimizing the cumulative handoff delay, the impacts of secondary user's multiple interruptions, primary user's arrival rates and imperfect sensing on secondary user's cumulative handoff delay are included and the detailed analysis and derivation of the secondary user's cumulative handoff delay are conducted under imperfect sensing.

zh-cn	仿真表明，相较于主动和被动频谱切换中目标信道选择策略，在信道状态变化频繁或业务量较大等极端情况下，该算法的性能优势尤为明显。
en-us	Compared with proactive-decision and reactive-decision target channel selection schemes, the simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed algorithm is especially excellent with frequent channel states variations or heavy traffic loads.

zh-cn	在多基地雷达系统中，即使进行了空间配准处理，也很难实现完美的空间配准。
en-us	In a multistatic radar system, perfect registration is unavailable in practice even after a registration process.

zh-cn	该文研究了分布式 MIMO雷达系统存在配准误差时的目标检测问题。
en-us	In this paper, a target detection problem for a distributed Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar with registration errors is considered.

zh-cn	根据是否利用已知先验配准误差信息对目标位置信息进行估计，给出了MAP-GLRT 和 ML-GLRT 两种检测器。
en-us	To estimate target positions by weather using a knowing a priori information of registration errors or not, a Maximum A Posteriori Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (MAP-GLRT) detector and a Maximum Likelihood GLRT (ML-GLRT) detector are proposed.

zh-cn	由于 MAP-GLRT 检测器利用了先验信息，因此其检测性能优于 ML-GLRT检测器。
en-us	The MAP-GLRT detector outperforms the ML-GLRT detector due to the prior information.

zh-cn	在配准误差条件下，两种检测器的性能要优于传统的融合检测算法。
en-us	The two proposed algorithms have better detection performance over the conventional detection fusion algorithm with registration errors.

zh-cn	通过仿真实验验证了所提算法的有效性。
en-us	Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed detection algorithms.

zh-cn	该文针对总路径长度最小的多旅行商问题，提出一种改进分组遗传算法。
en-us	In order to solve the total-path-shortest Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem (MTSP), an improved grouping genetic algorithm is proposed.

zh-cn	在该算法中，设计了一种有序分组编码，采用新编码方式的个体与多旅行商问题有效解之间具有一一对应的关系。
en-us	This algorithm employs a new encoding scheme called ordered grouping encoding, which makes the adjusted individuals corresponding one by one to valid solutions of MTSP.

zh-cn	为了减少算法的运行时间，根据编码的特点构造了一种快速交叉算子。
en-us	According to the features of the encoding scheme, a fast crossover operator is constructed for the sake of reducing the running time of the algorithm.

zh-cn	同时，结合贪婪算法和 2-opt 算法设计了一种新的局部搜索算子，以提高算法的收敛精度。
en-us	For enhancing its local search ability, the algorithm combines the greedy algorithm and the 2-opt algorithm to design a new local search operator.

zh-cn	实验结果分析表明，所提算法能够有效地解决多旅行商问题，具有可靠的全局收敛性，较高的计算效率。
en-us	The comparison of results shows that the proposed algorithm can solve MTSP effectively and has an excellent search performance no matter in computing efficiency or convergence precision.

zh-cn	该文研究了信道状态不确定条件下分层异构微蜂窝网络中的无线资源分配优化问题。
en-us	This paper investigates a resource allocation scheme in heterogeneous wireless small cell networks with imperfect Channel State Information (CSI).

zh-cn	首先引入信道不确定模型描述无线信道的随机动态性，并将该问题建模为考虑信道不确定度的双层鲁棒斯坦伯格博弈；
en-us	In this work, the math expression for the stochastic dynamic uncertainty in CSI is proposed for model analysis and the robust Stackelberg game model with various interference power constraints is established firstly.

zh-cn	然后给出了该博弈的均衡点分析；
en-us	Then, the Stackelberg game Equilibrium (SE) is obtained and analyzed.

zh-cn	最后提出了一种分布式改进型分层 Q 学习方案以实现宏基站和微基站的均衡策略搜索。
en-us	Lastly, an improved hierarchical Q-learning algorithm is also given to search the Stackelberg equilibrium strategies of macro-cell base station and small-cell base station.

zh-cn	理论分析和仿真表明，所提出的分层博弈模型可以有效抑制由于信道状态不确定引起的收益下降。所采用的学习方案较传统 Q 学习方案收敛速度明显加快，更加适用于短时快变的通信环境。
en-us	Both theoretical analysis and simulation results verify the proposed scheme can effectively restrain declining revenue due to incomplete CSI and the proposed algorithms can improve the convergence rate, especially applicable to the fast varying communication environment.

zh-cn	可重构密码流体系结构是一种面向密码运算的新型体系结构，但存在着超长指令字(VLIW)代码稀疏和Kernel 体积过大的问题。
en-us	Reconfigurable cipher stream architecture is a newly proposed architecture for cipher processing, but poor Very Large Instruction Word (VLIW) code density and huge Kernel level code cubage are always serious problems on this architecture.

zh-cn	该文以可重构密码流处理架构 S-RCCPA 为研究平台，通过大量密码算法在 S-RCCPA 架构上的适配分析，提出了 VLIW 可重构技术，并设计了 Kernel 级指令集、VLIW 可重构算法及指令可重构单元。
en-us	Through analyzing the characteristics of a series of cryptographic algorithms on Stream based Reconfiguable Clustered block Cipher Processing Array (S-RCCPA) architecture, a reconfigurable VLIW dynamically technology is proposed, and the corresponding Kernel level instruction set and hardware circuit structure are designed.

zh-cn	实验证明，该技术能够有效提高 VLIW 的指令密度，同时降低了 VLIW 的指令宽度，使得整个 Kernel 体积减小了约 33.3%，并将微码存储器的容量由 96 kB 降为 64 kB，有效降低芯片整体面积和系统功耗。
en-us	The experiments demonstrate that this technology can reduce VLIW width, thus improve the instruction density of VLIW effectively. Meanwhile, it can reduce about 33% of the Kernel volume, and depress the microcode store capacity from 96 kB to 64 kB. Thus it can also reduce the whole area and power consumption of chip respectively.

zh-cn	该文提出一种新型联合约束的级联交互式多模型卡尔曼滤波器，该滤波器由两个滤波器前后两级串联而成；第 1 级为标准交互式多模型滤波器；第 2 级为联合约束滤波器。
en-us	A novel unified cascade constrained interactive multi-model Kalman filter is put forward. The filter is composed of two cascade connected filters, a standard interactive-multiple-model and a unified constrained filter.

zh-cn	联合约束滤波器的约束条件对第 1 级滤波器中的多模型集合中各子模型均有效。联合约束滤波器采用平滑约束卡尔曼滤波算法对第 1 级滤波结果进一步优化。
en-us	The latter is effective for everyone in model set of controlled plant and refines the estimation of the former using smoothly constraint Kalman algorithm.

zh-cn	以机动目标实时跟踪为实际工程应用背景，数值仿真和飞行实验结果证明新的联合约束性级联交互式多模型滤波器比标准交互式多模型滤波器具有更小的估计误差和方差，所增计算量合理可行。
en-us	Numerical simulation and flying experiments are made for maneuvering target tracking and lower estimated error and covariance are achieved by the unified cascade constrained interactive multi-model Kalman filter compared with conventional interactive multi-model filter. The added computation cost is reasonable and acceptable.

zh-cn	该文为交互式多模型滤波器和机动目标跟踪两个方向的进一步改进提供了有益借鉴。
en-us	The paper is a valuable reference for maneuvering target tracking and interactive multi-model filter.

zh-cn	针对基于单一极化特性增强的极化SAR图像目标检测方法的缺陷，该文将DP(Dirichlet Process)混合隐变量SVM模型(DPLVSVM)应用于极化SAR图像舰船目标检测，提出一种基于多极化散射机理的检测方法。
en-us	Considering the shortcoming of detection method based on polarimetric contrast enhanced with single polarimetric scattering mechanism, a PolSAR detection method based on multiple polarimetric mechanisms called Dirichlet Process mixture of Latent Variable SVM (DPLVSVM) is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法通过联合Dirichlet过程混合与Bayes SVM模型，将信号空间划分成若干局部区域，然后在每一局部区域学习一个独立的极化检测器，并将各局部检测器进行组合实现全局多极化散射机理的目标检测。
en-us	By assembling a set of local polarimetric detectors that based on single polarimetric scattering mechanism, a global multiple polarimetric scattering mechanisms detector is obtained.

zh-cn	模型采用非参数化Bayes方法自动确定局部区域数量，在完全Bayes框架下，将局部区域划分及检测器学习进行联合优化，保证了各局部区域样本的可分性。
en-us	With a fully Bayes treatment, DPLVSVM learns the clustering and the local detectors jointly. Taking the advantage of Bayes nonparametric, DPLVSVM handles the model selection problem flexibly.

zh-cn	另外，为了降低极化特征冗余，该文进一步提出带特征选择功能的稀疏提升DP混合隐变量SVM模型(SPDPLVSVM)，提高模型的推广能力。
en-us	Further, in order to reduce the redundancy of polarimetric feature and improve the model generalization, a model with feature selection, Sparsity-Promoting Dirichlet Process mixture of Latent Variable SVM (SPDPLVSVM), is proposed.

zh-cn	该模型由于采用共轭先验分布，因而可以利用Gibbs采样方法进行高效求解。
en-us	Thanks to the conjugate property, the parameters in both of models can be inferred efficiently via the Gibbs sampler.

zh-cn	在RADARSAT-2数据上进行的实验验证了所提方法的有效性。
en-us	Finally, the proposed models on RADARSAR-2 dataset is implemented to validate their effectiveness.

zh-cn	基于失真函数的自适应隐写技术在嵌入过程中，忽略了嵌入操作相互间的影响，隐写策略无法随载体统计特性的改变自适应地调节。
en-us	Adaptive steganography ignores the interactive impact introduced by the embedding operation during the embedding operation.

zh-cn	考虑嵌入操作的交互影响，该文提出一种基于动态更新失真代价的±k 隐写算法。
en-us	Considering the cross impact of the embedding operation, an adaptive ± k steganography is put forward based on the dynamic distortion cost updating strategy Modification Degree Strategy (MDS).

zh-cn	首先分析了中心像素与其邻域的相关性，理论证明了在 4-邻域修改情况下中心像素的最优修改方式，进而提出了失真代价更新策略 MDS(Modification Degree Strategy)；
en-us	First, the analysis is conducted to prove the optimizing modification of the central pixel under the condition of the neighborhood's modifications. Then the MDS of updating the distortion cost is presented to adjust the distortion cost according to the modification of neighborhood.

zh-cn	并结合该策略设计实现了一种自适应±k 隐写算法。
en-us	Finally, the steganography scheme is proposed using the MDS.

zh-cn	实验表明，五元修改方式下算法 UNIWARD-MDS(Pentary Version)在高嵌入率下(0.5~1.0 bpp)的抗 SRM 检测性优于S-UNIWARD(Pentary Version)，同时在抵抗 maxSRMd2 检测时不同嵌入率下均优于 S-UNIWARD(Pentary Version)；
en-us	The experimental result illustrates that the UNIWARD-MDS (Pentary Version) has a better performance than S-UNIWARD (Pentary Version) at the embedding rate 0.5~1.0 bpp when resisting the steganalysis SRM. Meanwhile the UNIWARD-MDS (Pentary Version) is better than the S-UNIWARD (Pentary Version) at the embedding rate 0.05~1.0 bpp when resisting the maxSRMd2 detection.

zh-cn	三元修改方式下算法 HILL-MDS 和 UNIWARD-MDS(Ternary Version)抗检测性能优于对应的自适应隐写算法 HILL 和 S-UNIWARD(Ternary Version)。
en-us	The HILL-MDS and UNIWARD-MDS (Ternary Version) perform better than the corresponding schemes HILL and S-UNIWARD (Ternary Version).

zh-cn	运动目标具有大加速度时，在一定的观测时间内，其瞬时多普勒频率是模糊的。
en-us	In a certain observation time duration, the instantaneous frequency of motion target with large acceleration is ambiguous.

zh-cn	若目标存在微动，相应产生的微多普勒会叠加于模糊的多普勒频率之上。
en-us	If target has micro-motion, it will cause micro-Doppler modulation which adds in the ambiguous Doppler frequency.

zh-cn	这种现象常见于高速机动目标。
en-us	This case is usually met in flexible-motion target with high velocity.

zh-cn	针对提取具有大加速度微动目标的运动特征问题，该文提出一种参数估计方法。
en-us	In order to extract micro-motion feature of large acceleration target, a parameter estimation method is proposed.

zh-cn	通过对目标多普勒频率的解模糊以及对目标整体运动的估计和补偿，提取目标的微多普勒分量，在此基础上估计目标的微动周期。
en-us	Through the ambiguity resolution of Doppler frequency and the estimation and compensation of bulk motion of target, micro-Doppler extraction is achieved. And then, micro-motion period is estimated.

zh-cn	基于仿真数据和实测数据的分析表明，该方法适用于估计大加速度机动目标的微动参数问题。
en-us	Analysis based on simulation and measured data show that the method is suit for micro-motion parameter estimation of large acceleration flexible-motion target.

zh-cn	合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像理论分析和工程经验表明当雷达平台的运动误差幅度达到亚波长量级时，会影响图像的聚焦质量。
en-us	Theoretical analysis and engineering experience of SAR imaging shows that radar platform's motion error will affect the quality of the image if its amplitude is greater than sub wavelength.

zh-cn	相对传统微波 SAR，太赫兹合成孔径雷达(THz-SAR)工作在波长更短的太赫兹频段，对搭载雷达平台的稳定性要求更苛刻，需要达到微米级的控制和测量精度，目前的平台控制和测量技术还不能满足要求。
en-us	Compared with traditional SAR working in microwave frequency band, TeraHertz SAR (THz-SAR) works in a shorter wavelength as the TeraHertz band, the control and measure accuracy of radar platform's motion should be micron dimension, but the current technology can not meet the requirements.

zh-cn	该文提出一种基于回波数据的 THz-SAR 成像运动补偿算法，通过惯性测量单元输出的姿态信息完成由运动误差引起的距离徙动的校正，结合天线方向图和粗聚焦图像中特显点的最大幅值估计最优位置并构建理想回波。
en-us	A novel motion compensation algorithm for THz-SAR imaging based on echo data is proposed in this paper. The attitude information from the inertial measurement unit is used to calibrate the migration error caused by the motion. Firstly, an obvious point like object is found in the coarse focusing image and the optimal position of this point is estimated by combining the antenna pattern and the maximum echo's amplitude.

zh-cn	利用实际回波和理想回波数据提取由平台运动误差引起回波的相位误差并进行补偿，有效地实现了 THz-SAR 高分辨率成像。
en-us	Then the ideal echo of this point object is generated using the above estimated position and the phase error caused by the motion error of the platform is extracted by comparing the actual echo and the ideal echo. The extracted phase error is used to compensate the motion error of platform.

zh-cn	采用中心频率 0.2 THz 的 SAR 系统进行室外车载实验，对目标进行 2 维高分辨成像，得到角反射器和金属条的 SAR图像。
en-us	The SAR system with center frequency 0.2 THz is used to carry out the outdoor vehicle experiment. Two dimensional high resolutions of SAR images of the corner reflectors and the metal strips are achieved.

zh-cn	实验结果验证了所提运动补偿算法的正确性和有效性。
en-us	The validity of the proposed motion compensation algorithm is proved by experimental results.

zh-cn	该文针对多属性不确定数据流的频繁模式发现问题，借鉴生物信息学中的模体发现思想，提出了一种基于MEME(Multiple Expectation-maximization for Motif Elicitation)的多属性不确定数据流模体发现算法。
en-us	Algorithm of motif discovery for multiple attributes uncertain data stream is proposed on the basis of MEME (Multiple Expectation-maximization for Motif Elicitation), which consults the thought of sequential pattern discovery in bioinformatics to solve the problem of frequent pattern discovery for multiple attributes uncertain data stream.

zh-cn	该算法根据不确定数据流的特点，设计了基于混合型模型的不确定滑动窗口更新计算方法，改进了 SAX(Symbolic Aggregate approXimation)的符号化策略，提出了不同滑动窗口下多属性模体的相似性分析方法。
en-us	A new method for update calculation of uncertain sliding window is designed based on mixed type model, SAX (Symbolic Aggregate approXimation) symbolic strategy is improved, and similarity analysis method for multiple attributes motifs under different sliding windows is put forward.

zh-cn	在实验当中，用防空反导情报传感器网络中的一组不确定数据流验证了其功能，通过植入不同数目的模体测试了其发现准确率，并在元组有效概率设置为 1 的条件下与已有算法进行了比较，结果表明：该算法可以较准确地发现多属性不确定数据流中的频繁模式。
en-us	The proposed algorithm is verified to be correct functionally by a set of uncertain data stream in the wireless sensor network of air and missile defense. Its accuracy is measured through planting different number of motifs. Furthermore, comparison with previous algorithm with tuples' valid probability set to 1 shows that the proposed algorithm can discover frequent pattern for multiple attributes uncertain data stream precisely.

zh-cn	该文针对椭圆球面波(Prolate Spheroidal Wave Function, PSWF)时域正交调制信号峰均功率比过高，易受功率放大器非线性影响，造成信号失真，导致系统解调性能下降的问题，提出一种基于 μ 律压缩的自适应峰均比抑制方法。
en-us	A new companding transform based on μ-law companding schemes is proposed for the reduction of Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of Prolate Spheroidal Wave Function (PSWF) orthogonal modulation signal, which causes serious degradation in performance when a nonlinear Power Amplifier (PA) is used.

zh-cn	该方法能够根据输入信号自适应调节压缩参数，有效压缩信号峰值，降低 PSWF 调制信号峰均功率比(Peak-to-Average Power Ratio, PAPR)，同时保证压缩前后信号平均功率不变。
en-us	According to the input signal, the method adjusts the compression parameters automatically, which can guarantee the average signal power constant before and after compression, compression signal peak.

zh-cn	理论论证和仿真结果表明，该方法能够有效抑制 PSWF 调制信号 PAPR，当压缩参数m为 1 且互补累计分布函数 CCDF 为410-时，压缩后调制信号与原调制信号相比 PAPR 降低约 2.1 dB；有效改善经过功放后调制信号功率谱和系统在高斯白噪声信道下的误码性能。
en-us	Both the mathematical deduction and simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce PAPR of PSWF orthogonal modulation signal, and effectively improve the power spectrum density of the signal and the BER performance of system under AWGN channel. The PAPR of compressed modulation signal decrease about 2.1 dB in comparison to the original modulation signal, when the parameter μ=1 and Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function CCDF=410-.

zh-cn	考虑到在无线传感器网络中，新节点的加入或老节点的死亡均会导致拓扑呈动态变化，该文研究一种完全分布式二阶一致性时间同步(Second-Order Consensus Time Synchronization, SOCTS)算法。
en-us	Since in wireless sensor networks, the joint of new nodes or the death of old nodes lead to a dynamic topology, this paper studies one completely distributed Second-Order Consensus Time Synchronization (SOCTS) algorithm.

zh-cn	将节点的时钟特性建模成二阶状态方程，按照伪同步周期广播节点的本地虚拟时间，根据邻居节点的本地虚拟时间的不一致来构造同步控制输入；
en-us	The clock feature of each node is modeled into a second order state equation, and the local virtual time is broadcasted according to the pseudo synchronous cycle. Moreover, the synchronization control input is constructed according to the disagreement on local virtual time among neighboring nodes.

zh-cn	通过坐标变换将网络的一致性时间同步问题转化为变换系统的稳定性问题，理论分析了 SOCTS 算法的收敛性和收敛条件，并研究了影响 SOCTS 算法收敛速度的因素。
en-us	By virtue of the matrix transformation, the network time synchronization issue is turned into the stability issue of some transformed system, and the convergence and convergence condition for the SOCTS algorithm are analyzed theoretically. Moreover, the factors that influence the convergence rate of the SOCTS algorithm are investigated.

zh-cn	通过数值仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性。
en-us	Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulations.

zh-cn	该文提出一种称为 334 扩缩运算的多米诺扩缩运算。使用该运算构造了一类特殊的极大平面图——334-型极大平面图，证明了该类图均为树型 2-色不变圈着色，且每个4k-阶 334-型极大平面图恰有12k-个2-色不变圈着色及22k-个树着色。
en-us	In this paper, a new domino extending-contracting operation, called 334 extending-contracting operation, is put forward, on the basis of which, it is proposed to construct a particular kind of graphs, i.e., 334-type maximal planar graphs, and proved that all those graphs are tree-type and 2-chromatic cycle-unchanged colored and every 334-type maximal planar graphs of order 4k has exactly 12k- 2-chromatic cycled-unchanged colorings and 22k- tree-colorings.

zh-cn	证明了该运算可用于构造纯树着色极大平面图，并提出猜想：若极大平面图G是纯树(纯圈，混合)着色，则对G实施334扩(缩)轮运算后，所得之图仍是纯树(纯圈，混合)着色。
en-us	Additionally, it is proved that an infinite family of purely tree-colored graphs can be generated by implementing a series of 334 extending-wheel operations, and conjectured that if a maximal planar graph G is purely tree-colored (purely cycle-colored or impure-colored), then the graph obtained by implementing one 334 extending-wheel (contracting-wheel) operation on G is still purely tree-colored (purely cycle-colored or impure-colored).

zh-cn	虽然采用压缩感知技术(Compressive Sensing, CS)的差分SAR层析成像方法实现了4维空间信息的重构，但是此方法仅利用了目标的稀疏特性并没有考虑目标的结构特性，因此对同时具有稀疏特性和结构特性的目标进行重构时其性能较差。
en-us	While the use of differential SAR tomography based on Compressive Sensing (CS) makes it possible to reconstruct the four-dimensional information of an observed scene, the performance of the reconstruction decreases for a sparse and structural observed scene due to ignoring the structural characteristics of the observed scene.

zh-cn	针对这一问题，该文采用联合Khatri-Rao子空间和块压缩感知(Khatri-Rao Subspace and Block Compressive Sensing, KRS-BCS)，提出一种差分SAR层析成像方法。
en-us	To deal with this issue, a method using differential SAR tomography based on Khatri-Rao Subspace and Block Compressive Sensing (KRS-BCS) is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法依据目标的结构特性和重构观测矩阵具有的Khatri-Rao积性质，将稀疏结构目标的差分SAR层析成像问题转化为Khatri-Rao子空间下的BCS问题，最后对目标进行块稀疏的l1/l2范数最优化求解。
en-us	Using the structure information of the observed scene and Khatri-Rao product property of the reconstructed observation matrix, the proposed method changes the reconstruction of the sparse and structural observed scene into a BCS problem under Khatri-Rao Subspace, and then the KRS-BCS problem is efficiently solved with a block sparse l1/l2 norm optimization signal model.

zh-cn	相比CS差分SAR层析成像方法，该方法不仅保持了CS差分SAR层析成像方法的高分辨率特点，而且其重构精度更高性能更优。
en-us	Compared with existing CS methods, the proposed KRS-BCS method not only maintains the high resolution characteristics of CS methods, but also has higher reconstruction accuracy and better performance.

zh-cn	仿真数据和ENVISAT星载ASAR数据以及地面GPS实测数据的试验结果验证了该方法的有效性。
en-us	Simulations, ENVISAT-ASAR data and ground-based GPS data verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

zh-cn	针对当前持久性内存（PM，Persistent Memory）资源管理方案无法兼顾持久化特性和可字节寻址特性的问题，提出了一种融合 Linux 系统内核虚拟内存系统和文件系统的持久性内存统一管理系统 VMFS（Virtual MemoryFile System）。
en-us	Current resources management schemes of persistent memory cannot take advantage of data persistence and byte-address ability of PM (Persistent Memory) at the same time. We propose VMFS (Virtual Memory File System), a uni-fied management system based on the virtual memory subsystem and a file system of OS kernel.

zh-cn	VMFS 中的单个 PM 分区可同时提供内存分配和文件存储服务，并利用内外存统一管理的特性可实现内存到文件的重映射机制，避免了不必要的数据拷贝，提升了文件读写性能，且维持了原生编程接口。
en-us	VMFS provides memory allocation and file storage services for applications using a single PM partition. Based on the unified management of virtualmemory and file storage, VMFS supports the data re-mapping between memory and files. As the re-mapping mechanism reduces the number of data copying times, file read and write latency performance is improved.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，对比内外存分别使用 PM 的方案，VMFS 有效提升了文件读写性能。
en-us	The test results show that compared with the system using PM as memory and storage sperately, the proposed method can accelerate file reading and writing while the native system call interface was maintained.

zh-cn	在两种实际工作负载下，VMFS 相对于使用DRAM（Dynamic Random Access Memory）和PM分别作为内存和存储的方案具有成本优势和一定程度的持久化性能提升。
en-us	Under two realistic workloads, VMFS also shows cost and performance advantages over the scheme using DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) as memory and PM as storage.

zh-cn	比特币引入了一种新的P2P(Peer to Peer)交易方法，并依靠其底层协议实现去中心化交易。
en-us	Bitcoin introduces a new P2P (Peer to Peer) trading method to the public and relies on its protocols to achieve decentralization.

zh-cn	然而，由于目前缺乏对比特币各底层协议的细粒度形式化分析和系统建模，比特币安全性并未被保证。
en-us	However, due to the lack of fine-grained formal analysis and systematic modeling of bitcoin, the security of bitcoin protocols is not guaranteed.

zh-cn	本文通过设计多维度的比特币安全模型引理和细粒度的比特币模型规则，系统地抽象了多协议组合运行考虑下的比特币协议实体交互，完成了对比特币的形式化符号建模与自动化安全分析。
en-us	We provide a comprehensive symbolic analysis of bitcoin protocols. Our work develops bitcoin model rules and model lemmas with the abstraction of in-protocol interactions and inter-protocols interactions.

zh-cn	与以前的工作相比，本文更细粒度地建模了比特币协议实体及其相关操作，并全面设计了满足比特币各实体需求的安全属性。
en-us	We refine the modeling of bitcoin protocol entities and their related protocol operations compared to the previous work, along with the comprehensive design of the security lemmas that bitcoin protocols should guarantee.

zh-cn	此外，本文利用自动化形式化验证系统SmartVerif实现了无需额外手工推导证明的形式化验证实验，通过将本文所建模的符号模型规则与引理作为SmartVerif的输入，发现了比特币底层协议算力盗取攻击。
en-us	The symbolic model rules and lemmas developed in our work are inputted into the automatic formal verification system SmartVerif. We find the computational power stealing attack and no additional manual work is needed for the model verification with the help of the SmartVerif.

zh-cn	为了研究火花试验装置中电极在真空中放电的微观特性，本文建立了在真空环境下，以钨为阳极材料、镉为阴极材料的二维平行板放电模型。
en-us	In order to study the micro-characteristics of the electrode discharge in the spark test device in vacuum, this paper established a two-dimensional parallel plate discharge model in a vacuum environment with tungsten as the anode material and cadmium as the cathode material.

zh-cn	采用 PIC/MCC(Particle-In-Cell/Monte Carlo Collision)方法对该模型进行仿真，研究了不同电子发射机制下平行板电极放电的发展过程以及空间场强、阴极表面温度和场增强因子对空间电子变化的影响，得到在场致发射、热发射以及热-场致发射作用下放电过程中的电子浓度和阳极吸收电流的变化以及电子密度和电势的空间分布等。
en-us	We simulate the model with the PIC/MCC (Particle-In-Cell/Monte Carlo Collision) method, studies the development process of parallel plate electrode discharge under different electron emission mechanisms and the influence of space field strength, cathode surface temperature and field enhancement factor on the changes of space electrons, and obtains the field emission, thermal emission and thermal-field emission changes in the electron concentration and anode absorption current during the discharge process, as well as the spatial distribution of the electron density and electric potential, etc.

zh-cn	研究发现，场致发射是微间隙阴极电子发射的主导发射机制，当阴极表面温度在焦耳热的作用下达到镉金属的沸点 1040K 时将产生镉蒸汽，电流密度和电子浓度逐渐增大，此时热发射将开始作用于微间隙放电；
en-us	The research has found that field emission is the dominant emission mechanism of micro-gap cathode electron emission. When the cathode surface temperature reaches 1040K, the boiling point of cadmium metal under the action of Joule heat, cadmium vapor will be generated, and the current density and electron concentration will gradually increase. At this time, the thermal emission will start to act on the micro-gap discharge.

zh-cn	当温度大于镉金属气化温度后，场强的影响将大于温度的影响；
en-us	When the temperature is greater than the vaporization temperature of cadmium metal, the influence of the field strength will be greater than that of the temperature.

zh-cn	当场增强因子很小时，热发射几乎不起作用，随着场增强因子不断增大，热发射的作用逐渐增强，导致空间电子浓度明显增加，真空环境下微间隙放电是由热-场共同作用的。
en-us	When the field enhancement factor is very small, the thermal emission is almost ineffective. As the field enhancement factor continues to increase, the effect of thermal emission gradually increases, leading to a significant increase in the spatial electron concentration. The micro-gap discharge in a vacuum environment is caused by the combined effect of heat and field.

zh-cn	针对毫米波大规模 MIMO（Multiple-Input Multiple-Output）系统能量效率低下的问题，提出一种基于混合精度移相器量化的混合预编码设计方法。
en-us	For the insufficient energy efficiency (EE) in mmWave massive MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) systems, a method with mixed-resolution phase shifters is proposed.

zh-cn	首先考虑到系统能量效率闭合表达式难以直接求解，通过 Dinkelbach 方法将能量效率优化问题转换为范数最小化的形式，然后将其进一步解耦为混合预编码矩阵和混合精度移相器量化配比问题，实现非凸能效低范数和的凸优化转化，最后通过引入酉矩阵松弛恒模约束求解混合预编码矩阵，并采用增量搜索算法求解混合量化移相器精度配比向量，从而实现系统能量效率最大化。
en-us	Considering that the closed expression for EE is difficult to solve directly, the EE optimization problem is converted into norm minimization form through the Dinkelbach method. Then it is further decoupled into the hybrid precoding matrix and the mixed-resolution ratio problems to realize the convex optimization transformation of non-convex EE and low norm sum. Finally, in order to maximize the EE of the system, the unitary matrix relaxation constant modulus constraint is introduced to solve the full-resolution hybrid precoding matrix, and the incremental search algorithm is used to solve the optimal mixed-resolution ratio vector.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提出的混合精度量化算法的系统频谱效率优于传统单精度量化算法，且具有更高的系统能量效率 。
en-us	The simulation results show that the spectrum efficiency performance of the proposed mixed-resolution algorithm is better than that of the traditional finite-resolution algorithm, and it has higher EE performance.

zh-cn	同时，当多数据流传输时，所提出混合精度量化结构的系统性能接近全数字结构。
en-us	Meanwhile, the system performance of the proposed mixed-resolution quantization structure is close to the full-digital structure when multiple data streams are transmitted.

zh-cn	由于受环境、资源、能耗、异构等因素制约，海上无线技术发展明显滞后于陆地。
en-us	Limited by environment, resources, energy consumption, heterogeneity, etc., the development of maritime wireless data network technology is backward.

zh-cn	以低开销、自适应和自主融合为约束，提出一种海上边缘计算云边智能协同服务策略模型（Model of Cloud-Edge Cooperative Service Schemefor Maritime Edge Computing，MCECS-MEC）。
en-us	A model of cloud-edge cooperative service scheme for maritime edge computing (MCECS-MEC) is proposed.

zh-cn	基于边缘计算构建海上云边智能协同服务网络框架，抽象海上边缘计算节点行为特征，建立具有抑制联合作弊的节点信任和推荐量化综合评价模型，根据其综合属性评价将准盟员节点融合聚类到不同的协同服务池，实现分级就近服务；
en-us	Based on edge computing, it constructs an intelligent cloud-edge cooperative service network framework in maritime edge computing. The abstracted behavior characteristics of nodes in maritime edge computing are clustered into different cooperative service pools by restraining the joint cheating trust evaluation and recommendation quantitative comprehensive evaluation models.

zh-cn	基于协同服务请求的优先级和负载均衡理论，设计协同服务池组建规则和段页式自适应轻量级、自适应过热规避盟员发现算法，以状态机方式描述和分析 MCECS-MEC 协同服务状态演化。
en-us	Based on the priority evaluation and the theory of load balancing of cooperative service, the rules of building cooperative service pool and the algorithm of segment page adaptive lightweight and heavy load avoidance are designed to discovery cooperative node. The state evolution of MCECS-MEC cooperative service is described and analyzed by state machine.

zh-cn	基于 Router View 公开数据集对 MCECS-MEC 模型性能进行仿真分析，仿真实验表明，MCECS-MEC 相比于 AODV（Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing）、SR（Stochastic Routing）算法，减少了 57.7% 和 55.04% 的冗余传输流量，链路重寻率小于 3%，负载率稳定于 65%。
en-us	Based on router view open data set, simulation results show that our algorithm reduces 57.7% and 55.04% redundant transmission traffic compared with ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing (AODV) and stochastic routing(SR). The link retransmission rate is less than 3%, and the load rate is stable at 65%.

zh-cn	MCECS-MEC模型能有效降低过载、热区、空洞效应等对网络性能的影响，提高海上边缘计算云边智能协同服务效率和质量。
en-us	It can effectively alleviate node overload and hot region, and improve the efficiency and quality of service of cooperative service of maritime edge computing.

zh-cn	多重分形去趋势波动分析(Multi-Fractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis, MFDFA)处理非平稳时间序列存在趋势项难以准确移除的问题，为此本文引入经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition, EMD)并通过趋势项自动判定方法提取趋势项，再利用最小二乘(Least Squares, LS)法对趋势项再拟合(EMD-LS)，进而提出新的多重分形分析方法（EMD-LS-MFDFA），并 针 对 具 有 理 论 值 的 二 项 式 多 重 分 形 序 列 (Binomial Multifractal Sequence, BMS)，验 证 了EMD-LS-MFDFA法的有效性和稳定性，然后进行仿真分析。
en-us	Multi-fractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) deals with the problem that non-stationary time series has trend items that are difficult to accurately remove. For this reason, this paper introduces empirical mode decomposition(EMD) and adopts trend items. The automatic determination method extracts the trend item, and then uses the least squares (LS) method to refit the trend item (EMD-LS), and then proposes a new multi-fractal analysis method (EMD-LS-MFDFA), and the binomial multi-fractal sequence (BMS) of theoretical value verifies the validity and stability of the EMD-LS-MFDFA method, and then conducts simulation analysis.

zh-cn	研究表明：相较于MFDFA方法，EMD-LS-MFDFA移除趋势精度更高，计算的广义Hurst指数和质量指数的均方根误差较小，其中2阶的EMD-LS-MFDFA具有更高的计算精度，是1阶的1。8倍，分析不同参数的BMS序列，其多重标度曲线与理论曲线相吻合，证明了该算法具有较好的稳定性和精准的分析能力。
en-us	Research shows that compared with the MFDFA method, EMD-LS-MFDFA has higher precision in removing trend, and the calculated generalized Hurst index and quality index have a smaller root mean square error. The calculation accuracy of the second-order EMD-LS-MFDFA is 1.8 times higher than that of the first order. The multiple scale curve is consistent with the theoretical curve by analysis of the BMS sequence of different parameters, which proves that the algorithm has good stability and accurate analysis ability.

zh-cn	为提高复杂动态背景下运动目标检测精度，基于低秩及稀疏分解理论，本文提出一种基于群稀疏的运动目标检测方法。
en-us	To improve the accuracy of moving object detection under complex dynamic background, based on the theory of low-rank and sparse decomposition, a group sparse based moving object detection method is developed.

zh-cn	所提方法将观测视频分解为低秩静态背景，群稀疏前景及动态背景三部分。
en-us	The proposed method decomposes the observed video into a low-rank static background, a group sparse foreground and a dynamic background.

zh-cn	所提方法首先使用伽马范数近乎无偏近似矩阵秩函数，以解决核范数过度惩罚较大奇异值导致所得最小化问题无法获得最优解进而降低检测性能的问题；
en-us	Regarding the problem that the nuclear norm over-penalizing large singular values leads to the optimal solution of the obtained minimization problem cannot be obtained and then the detection performance is decreased, the gamma norm is introduced to acquire almost unbiased approximation of rank function.

zh-cn	其次，为利用前景目标边界先验信息以提升运动目标检测性能，每一帧使用过分割算法生成同性区域以定义群稀疏范数并用于约束前景矩阵；
en-us	In order to utilize the object boundary prior to enhance the moving target detection performance, each frame is over-segmented into homogeneous regions which are taken to define the group sparse norm to constrain the foreground matrix.

zh-cn	再次，为避免运动目标同时出现在稀疏前景和动态背景中，引入非相干项以提升二者可分性；
en-us	Moreover, to prevent the moving object from appearing in the sparse foreground and dynamic background simultaneously, the incoherence term is introduced to enhance the separability of them.

zh-cn	最后，本文利用交替方向乘子方法（Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers，ADMM）求解所得非凸目标函数。
en-us	Finally, the obtained non-convex objective function can be solved using the alternating direction multipliermethod (ADMM).

zh-cn	实验结果表明，与现有主流运动目标检测算法相比，复杂动态背景下本文所提方法可较好抑制动态背景从而显著提高复杂运动背景下运动目标检测精度。
en-us	The experimental results show that, compared with the state-of-the-art moving target detection algorithms, the developed method can suppress the dynamic background considerably and then improve the accuracy of moving object detection significantly under complex dynamic background.

zh-cn	针对一类广泛存在的分布式流水线和车辆运输集成调度问题(Distributed Permutation Flow-shop and Ve⁃hicle Transportation Integrated Scheduling Problem, DPFVTISP), 本文建立问题模型,并提出一种超启发式三维分布估计算法(Hyper-Heuristic three-Dimensional Estimation of Distribution Algorithm, HH3DEDA) 进行求解。
en-us	Aiming at a kind of widely existing distributed permutation flow-shop and vehicle transportation integrated scheduling problem (DPFVTISP), this paper establishes the problem model and proposes a hyper-heuristic three-dimensional estimation of distribution algorithm (HH3DEDA) to solve it.

zh-cn	首先, 根据DPFVTISP的问题特性, 采用贪婪策略设计一种新颖的编解码规则。
en-us	Firstly, a novel coding and decoding rules adopting the greedy strategy is designed via analyzing the characteristics of DPFVTISP.

zh-cn	其次, 为实现对 DPFVTISP 问题解空间中不同区域的深入搜索, 设计 10种低层启发式操作 (即 10种有效的邻域操作), 并将其所构成的排列作为高层个体;
en-us	Secondly, in order to search different regions in the solution space of DPFVTISP, ten kinds of low-layer heuristic operations, i.e., ten kinds of effective neighborhood operations, are designed, and their permutations are regarded as high-layer individuals.

zh-cn	同时在高层采用三维分布估计算法 (three-Dimensional Estimation of Distribution Algorithm, 3DEDA) 学习和积累优质高层个体中块结构及其位置信息, 再通过采样 3DEDA 中的概率模型生成新的高层个体或排列;
en-us	At the same time, the three-dimensional estimation of distribution algorithm (3DEDA) is used in the high layer to learn and accumulate the information of block structures and their positions in the high-quality high-layer individuals, and then new low-layer individuals or permutations are generated by sampling the probability model in 3DEDA.

zh-cn	进而在低层将高层所生成的每个新个体所表征的一系列有序的启发式操作作为一种新的启发式算法, 对问题解空间执行较深入的邻域搜索。
en-us	Furthermore, in the low layer, an ordered series of heuristic operations presenting by each new individual generated in the high layer is regarded as a new heuristic algorithm to execute further neighborhood search in the problem's solution space.

zh-cn	最后, 通过仿真实验与算法对比验证HH3DEDA可有效求解DPFVTISP。
en-us	Finally, simulations and comparisons demonstrate that HH3DEDA can effectively solve the DPFVTISP.

zh-cn	针对冲击噪声下多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO)雷达阵列诊断失效问题，对基于二阶矩的传统匹配滤波器进行改进以适应非高斯噪声，并提出一种基于张量分解和 K-means聚类的阵列诊断方法。
en-us	The traditional array diagnosis methods for multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) radar may fail in the presence of impulse noise. The traditional matched filter based on second-order statistics is modified to obtain a reliable performance in the non-Gaussian noise, and then the array diagnosis method based on tensor decomposition and K-means clustering is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法利用 MIMO雷达各接收阵元回波信号的高斯核函数值来自适应地调整匹配滤波器的系数，以有效形成虚拟阵列。
en-us	The coefficients of the matched filters are adjusted with the Gaussian kernel function values of the echo signal observed at each receive element, which makes the MIMO radar form a virtual array successfully in the presence of impulsive noise.

zh-cn	为挖掘正常和故障阵元的匹配滤波输出数据的多维特征，将虚拟阵列协方差矩阵构建成三阶平行因子(PARAllel FAC‐tor, PARAFAC)张量，并通过 COMFAC(COMplex parallel FACtor analysis)算法分解获得收发阵列流形矩阵，使用欧式距离度量其相似性，确定两个簇类数据的聚类中心并划分出异常簇类，以完成故障阵元位置的诊断。
en-us	To further utilize the inherent multidimensional structure of the matched filter output data of the damaged and normal antennas, a third-order parallel factor (PARAFAC) model of the virtual array covariance matrix is formulated. By exploiting the complex parallel factor analysis (COMFAC) algorithm on the third-order covariance tensor, the manifold matrices of the transmit and receive arrays are obtained. The similarity of manifold matrix data is measured using Euclide and distance, and the clustering centers of the two clusters corresponding to the normal and fault elements are determined. The abnormal cluster data is selected to diagnose the location of the fault elements in MIMO radar array.

zh-cn	仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性。
en-us	Numerical simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

zh-cn	传统的信源信道编码调制，都是基于四十年代香农分离理论的比特级和定长符号级解调译码，采用均匀分布和等概率的星座映射，在资源受限的无线通信系统中，难以与动态变化的多径信道相匹配，不可逾越通信技术发展所面对的可靠性墙和功耗墙等障碍。
en-us	Conventional joint source-channel coded modulation is based on bit-level or fix-length symbol-level demodulation and decoding, derived from Shannon's separation theory in 1940s. Uniform distribution and equiprobable constellation mapping are used, but they are not suitable for dynamic multipath channels. Meanwhile, the assumption of separation theory cannot be satisfied in source limited communication networks, and obstacles such as reliability and power consumption cannot be surmounted faced by the development of communication technology.

zh-cn	本文针对比特级和定长符号级调制/解调译码框架的局限，将变长信源信道编码与非等概率、优化的非均匀 APSK(Amplitude Phase Shift Keying)调制星座映射相结合，提出了不等概率可变长符号联合信源信道编码的调制方法。
en-us	The limitation of bit-level and fix-length symbol-level modulation/demodulation and decoding is paid attention. By combining variable-length joint source-channel coding with non-equiprobable and optimized unequal APSK (Amplitude Phase Shift Keying) modulation constellation mapping, a method of joint source-channel coding modulation for non-equiprobable variable-length symbols is proposed.

zh-cn	仿真实验结果表明：该方法在 10的-5次方量级的符号差错率下，同现存的符号级 2D-8PSK 方法比较，至少可获得约 2.5dB的功率信噪比增益，同现存的比特级 16APSK 方法比较，至少可获得约 1。1dB的功率信噪比增益。
en-us	The simulation experiments show that the proposed method obtains an SNR (Signal Noise Ratio) gain over 2.5dB compared to the existing symbol-level 2D-8PSK method, and an SNR (Signal Noise Ratio) gain over 1.1dB compared to existing bit-level 16APSK method, under the SER (Symbol Error Rate) of the order of -5 of 10.

zh-cn	为提高各种不同特殊场景下的模糊人脸识别精确性和鲁棒性，本文提出一种基于迹变换和旋转增量调制编码的特征提取方法。
en-us	For the accuracy and robustness of the blurry face image recognition in various special scenarios; this paper proposes a novel rotation delta modulation texture extraction method based on trace transform and delta modulation encoding.

zh-cn	该方法将通信语音编码技术与图像变换技术相结合，首先通过迹线旋转扫描整幅图像，并对迹线上的采样信息进行增量调制编码，从而获得多角度的全局有序结构特征，然后用支持向量机对样本图像的这些特征进行训练以分类并识别图像。
en-us	The method combines the communication speech coding with the image transformation technology. Firstly, the whole image is scanned by the rotating trace line based on trace transformation theory. Secondly, the sampled pixels on the traceline are encoded using delta modulation technology. The global ordered structure features are obtained in various angles. Finally, the features are trained by support vector machine for blurry face image classification and recognition.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，在各种不同模糊级的低质量人脸数据库上，本文方法对不同光照变化、不同拍摄角度、不同遮挡等不同场景的人脸图像均能取得较好的识别效果，与一些传统方法相比识别性能大幅提升，相对于 VGGNet 和 Sphereface 两种先进方法在三组不同模糊度测试图像集的平均识别率分别提高 2.18% 和 2.20%，具有更高的识别精度和更好的鲁棒性。
en-us	The experimental results indicate the proposed method has the better performance of blurry face image recognition under illumination fluctuations, various camera angles and image occlusions, and so on, on a variety of low-quality face image sets with different blur levels. The average recognition ratio are increased 2.18% and 2.20% compared to VGG and Sphereface methods on the face image sets with three blur levels, which indicates the proposed method has the higher accuracy and better robustness.

zh-cn	为解决传统互补序列集中序列数目受限的问题，近年来有学者提出集间低相关性完全互补码(CCC，Complete Complementary Code)的概念。
en-us	In order to solve the problem of the limited number of sequences in the traditional complementary sequence sets, some scholars have proposed the concept of complete complementary code sets (CCCs) with low inter-set cross-correlation in recent years.

zh-cn	集间低相关性的完全互补码具有良好的非周期自相关和互相关特性，作为多小区多载波码分多址(MC-CDMA, Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access)通信系统中的扩频码可有效消除小区内的干扰，同时也可以抑制小区间的干扰。
en-us	Complete complementary code sets with low inter-set cross-correlation have perfect aperiodic auto-correlation and cross-correlation properties. As the spreading code in the multi-cell MC-CDMA communication system, CCCs can effectively eliminate intra-cell interference and suppress inter-cell interference.

zh-cn	该文提出两类具有集间低相关性的完全互补码集的构造方法，得到的序列集具有以下特性：(1)每个码集都是一个参数为(N,N,N )-CCC的完全互补码集；
en-us	Two constructions of complete complementary code sets with low inter-set correlation are developed, and the resultant complementary sequence sets have the following properties: (1) each set is a complete complementary code set with parameters (N,N,N )-CCC;

zh-cn	(2)不同集合的互补序列具有低相关性。
en-us	(2) complementary sequences from different sets have low correlation functions.

zh-cn	将多个完全互补码集合并，可以得到参数达到渐进最优的准互补序列集(QCSS, Quasi-Complementary Sequence Set)。
en-us	Finally, an asymptotically optimal quasi-complementary sequence set is obtained when these multiple complete complementary code sets are combined.

zh-cn	针对复杂地理场景下非均匀杂波造成多通道 SAR-GMTI（Synthetic Aperture Radar Ground Moving TargetIndicator，合成孔径雷达动目标指示）系统杂波抑制性能下降的问题，本文提出一种距离-多普勒-频带域三维自适应加权惩罚马尔科夫场（Three Dimension Adaptive Weighted Penalty Markov Random Field，3D-AWP-MRF）分类辅助的 SAR-GMTI杂波抑制方法。
en-us	To address the problem that the clutter suppression performance of a multichannel synthetic aperture radar ground moving target indicator (SAR-GMTI) system is reduced due to non-uniform clutter in a complex geographical scene, we propose a multichannel SAR-GMTI clutter suppression method assisted by Range-Doppler-Band three dimension adaptive weighted penalty markov random field (3D-AWP-MRF) classification.

zh-cn	利用地物类型在距离-多普勒-频带三维 SAR图像空间的马尔科夫性，构造了包含空间距离、类间Fisher 距离、局部粗糙度距离和梯度方向距离的自适应加权惩罚函数。
en-us	Firstly, an adaptive weighted penalty function is constructed using the markov properties of the feature types in the Range-Doppler-Band 3D SAR image domain. Spatial distance, inter-class Fisher distance, local roughness distance, and gradient direction distance are included.

zh-cn	在贝叶斯框架下利用条件迭代模型（IteratedConditional Mode，ICM）算法求解距离-多普勒单元所属地物类型的最大化后验概率对多频带 SAR 图像进行分类，接着利用图像形态学操作对图像分类结果进行区域提取。
en-us	Subsequently, in the Bayesian framework, iterated conditional mode (ICM) algorithm is used to solve the maximum posterior probability of the feature type of the Range-Doppler unit, so as to accurately classify the multiband SAR images. Then, the image classification results are obtained by image morphology operation.

zh-cn	最后，对每个闭合区域分别估计杂波协方差矩阵，并进行自适应杂波抑制处理。
en-us	Finally, the clutter covariance matrixis estimated separately for each closed region, and adaptive clutter suppression processing is performed.

zh-cn	相比于传统方法，本文方法在非均匀杂波环境下不仅能提高起伏区域强杂波10~15dB的强杂波抑制能力，还可以减少平坦区域慢速运动目标约2.5dB的输出能量损失。
en-us	Compared with the traditional method, the proposed method not only can improve the suppression performance about 10~15 dB for the strong clutter in undulating areas, but also reduce the output signal power loss about 2.5dB of the moving targets in flat areas.

zh-cn	为了提升粒子群算法的全局寻优与局部精细搜索能力并加快收敛速度，提出了基于直觉模糊熵的混合粒子群优化算法。
en-us	In order to improve the global and local fine search capabilities of the particle swarm algorithm and accelerate the convergence speed, hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm based on intuitive fuzzy entropy is proposed.

zh-cn	该算法采用粒子的历史最优解信息构造直觉模糊熵的自适应函数，并将熵值作为扰动因子动态调节惯性权重，同时建立自适应全局最优粒子学习策略对扰动后的粒子进行训练，在保持多样性传播的基础上选择学习对象，使粒子探索更多新区域，实现种群间的协作与并行进化。
en-us	The algorithm constructs an adaptive function of intuitive fuzzy entropy by using the information of the historical optimal solution of particles, and uses the entropy value as a disturbance factor to dynamically adjust the inertia weight. At the same time, it establishes an adaptive global optimal particle learning strategy to train the disturbed particles, chooses learning objects based on maintaining the diversity of propagation, enables the particles to explore more new areas, and realizes the cooperation and parallel evolution among populations.

zh-cn	通过仿真实验，将本文算法与两种衍生算法以及其他改进粒子群算法在 11 个测试函数上进行比较，结果表明，本算法在求解精度、收敛速度和寻优效率上均有更好表现。
en-us	Through simulation experiments, the algorithm is compared with two derivation algorithms and other improved particle swarm optimization algorithms on 11 test functions. The results show that the algorithm performs better in solving accuracy, convergence speed and optimization efficiency.

zh-cn	基于非交换群的抗量子密码体制是密码学的一个研究热点，其群的阶在一定程度上保证了求逆运算的困难性。
en-us	Post quantum cryptography based on non-commutative group is a hot topic in cryptography. The order of thegroup ensures the difficulty of inverse operation to some extent.

zh-cn	本文对二元生成的传递置换群< g1, g2>的阶这一代数命题进行了研究，给出了传递置换群的充分必要条件，以及二元生成的传递置换群阶的下界估计式。
en-us	We mainly study the algebraic proposition of order of transitive permutation groups< g1, g2>generated by two elementsg1, g2, give a necessary and sufficient conditions of transitive permutation group, and get a lower bound estimation of order of transitive permutation groups generated by two elements.

zh-cn	在实例化生成g1, g2使传递置换群< g1, g2>的阶满足相应下界值的过程中，给出了一类特殊n阶轮换表成两个n元置换g1, g2乘积的方法，以及相应的二元生成的传递置换群< g1, g2>的设计算法。
en-us	In the process of the instantiation for generating g1, g2, which enables the order of transitive permutation groups < g1, g2> to satisfy the corresponding lower bound value, we give a method expressing a class of special n order cycles as the product of twonary permutations and a corresponding design algorithm on transitive permutation groups < g1, g2> generated by two elements.

zh-cn	最后，阐述了传递置换群在对称密码体制中的应用。
en-us	In the end, this paper describes the application of transitive permutation group in symmetric cryptography.

zh-cn	缓存管理已经成为机会网络的研究热点，目前大多数缓存管理方法都集中在单节点，本文在校园协作学习背景下提出了缓存共享的协作小组资源调度方法。
en-us	Cache management has become a research hot spot in opportunistic networks。 At present, most cache management methods are concentrated on single node. In this paper, we propose a cache sharing resource scheduling method for collaborative groups under the background of campus collaborative learning.

zh-cn	节点活跃度描述了移动节点的缓存空间利用率和节点参与消息转发积极性，消息树描述了消息在网络中的扩散程度。
en-us	Node activity describes the cache spaceutilization of mobile nodes and the enthusiasm of nodes to participate in message forwarding. Message tree describes the degree of message diffusion in the network.

zh-cn	以协作小组为单位建立已送达消息链表，对已成功投递消息所占缓存空间及时进行释放。
en-us	A linked list of delivered messages is established based on the collaboration group, and the cache space occupied by the successfully delivered messages is released in time.

zh-cn	该方法能有效提升节点空间利用率和消息投递率并且降低了消息的投递延迟。
en-us	This method can effectively improve the node space utilization and message delivery rate, and reduce the message delivery delay.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，与已有算法相比，消息投递成功率平均提高了10.53%，为小组缓存的共享利用与资源的高效调度提供方法。
en-us	The experimental results show that, compared with the existing algorithms, the success rate of message delivery is increased by 10.53% on average, which provides a method for the sharing and utilization of group cache and the efficient scheduling of resources.

zh-cn	人体姿态估计是计算机视觉研究领域的热点研究问题之一，但其在传统民间舞蹈动作姿态估计方面的应用研究尚处于起步阶段。
en-us	Human pose estimation is one of the hot research topics in the field of computer vision, but its application in traditional dance pose estimation is still in its infancy.

zh-cn	由于舞蹈图像中人体动作复杂多变、舞蹈动作连贯性强、舞蹈者存在严重遮挡不易检测等特点，传统人体姿态估计方法难以准确估计舞蹈者的动作变化，导致舞蹈动作姿态估计准确率较低。
en-us	Due to the complexity of dance pose, the strong coherence of dance movements, and difficulty in detecting of dancers' poses caused by serious occlusion in dance images, the traditional human pose estimation methods are difficult to accurately estimate the pose changes of dancers, thus resulting in low accuracy in estimating dance pose.

zh-cn	针对此问题，本文提出一种基于序列多尺度特征融合表示的层级舞蹈动作姿态估计方法，该方法针对舞蹈动作骨骼关节点尺度变化剧烈的问题，构建基于序列多尺度特征融合表示的关节点估计模型。
en-us	We propose a hierarchical dance pose estimation method based on sequential multi-scale feature fusion. To address the problems of the drastic scale changes of the dancer pose, a keypoint estimation model based on sequential multi-scale feature fusion is constructed.

zh-cn	并且，针对舞蹈姿态形变较大，遮挡严重的问题，设计基于关节点几何关系的层级姿态估计模型，提高舞蹈动作姿态估计的效果。
en-us	Furthermore, aiming to solve the issues that the large deformation and serious occlusion of dance pose, a hierarchical pose estimation model based on the geometric relationship between human key points is designed to improve the accuracy of dance pose estimation.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，本文方法在标准人体姿态估计数据集及自建舞蹈数据集上取得较好的姿态估计结果。
en-us	The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve good pose estimation results on the standard human pose estimation dataset and the self-collected dance dataset.

zh-cn	交叉眼干扰是单脉冲雷达最有效的干扰方式之一，增益是衡量交叉眼干扰性能的重要指标。
en-us	Cross eye jamming is one of the most effective jamming methods for monopulse radar, and cross eye gainis an important index to measure the performance of cross eye jamming.

zh-cn	本文在两源反向交叉眼干扰（TRCJ, Two source Retro-directive Cross-eye Jamming）和多源线阵反向交叉眼干扰（LMRCJ, Linear array Multi-source Retro-directive Cross-eye Jamming）增益模型的基础上，以 4源线阵反向交叉眼干扰为例，对相同幅值比下 LMRCJ的增益最大值进行了推导，提出了 LMRCJ整体相位容限计算方法，综合考虑 LMRCJ不同环路之间的相位控制方式、幅相波动以及平台回波等因素，对比分析了 LMRCJ和 TRCJ的增益值和幅相容限。
en-us	Based on the gain models of two source retro-directive cross-eye jamming (TRCJ) and linear array multi-source retro-directive cross-eye jamming (LMRCJ), the maximum gainvalue of LMRCJ under the same amplitude ratio is deduced by taking the cross eye interference of 4-source linear array as an example, and the calculation method of overall phase tolerance of LMRCJ is proposed. Considering the phase control mode between different loops of LMRCJ, amplitude phase fluctuation and platform echo, the gain value and amplitude compatibility limit of LMRCJ and TRCJ are compared and analyzed.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明：不考虑平台回波时，在相同的幅值比下，TRCJ 的增益最大值不低于 LMRCJ 的增益最大值，且增益值高时 TRCJ 的相位容限比 LMRCJ的相位容限更宽松；
en-us	The simulation results show that, without considering the platform echo, the maximum gain of TRCJ is not lower than that of LMRCJ under the same amplitude ratio, and the phase tolerance of TRCJ is more relaxed than that of LMRCJ when the gain is high;

zh-cn	当 LMRCJ 和 TRCJ 的幅相控制能力相同且均较弱时，LMRCJ 的增益值高于 TRCJ 的增益值；
en-us	when the amplitude and phase control capabilities of LMRCJ and TRCJ are the same and weak, the gain of LMRCJ is higher than that of TRCJ;

zh-cn	考虑平台回波时，在高干信比（JSR, Jam-to-Signal Ratio）下，LMRCJ 和 TRCJ 的增益及相位容限规律与隔离平台回波时的一致。
en-us	when considering the platform echo, the gain and phase tolerance of LMRCJ and TRCJ are consistent with those of isolating platform echo athigh JSR.

zh-cn	论文研究可以为交叉眼干扰机的工程设计提供指导。
en-us	The paper can provide guidance for the engineering design of the cross-eye jammer.

zh-cn	针对民营商业运载火箭“双曲线一号”高可靠、低成本、快响应的要求，设计了一种自定义高速串行总线架构的高集成度箭载综合电子系统。
en-us	Aiming at the requirement of high reliability, low cost and fast response of the private commercial launch vehicle "Hyperbola-1", a high-integrated launch vehicle integrated modular avionics is designed.

zh-cn	描述了综合电子系统的任务需求、各功能模块原理组成、叠板结构设计、实时操作系统以及飞控软件等关键技术。
en-us	This paper describes the task requirements of integrated modular avionics, the principle composition of each function module, the structure design of laminated board, real-time operating system and flight control software.

zh-cn	重点阐述了基于 Zynq处理器的主控模块最小系统及通讯接口设计、自定义高速串行总线架构设计。
en-us	Emphasis is given to the design of minimum system, communication interface of the main control module based on Zynq, and the design of custom high-speed serial bus architecture.

zh-cn	随着双曲线一号首飞试验的成功，作为控制中枢的综合电子系统工作正常，满足民营商业运载火箭强实时性、高可靠性以及高精度控制等要求。
en-us	With the success of the first flight test of Hyperbola-1, integrated modular avionics, as a control center, works normally and meets the requirements of high real-time, high reliability and high precision control of private commercial launch vehicles.

zh-cn	针对带内全双工（In-band Full Duplex, IBFD）电子系统的收发机自干扰问题，提出了一种基于相位调制器的光子射频自干扰消除系统。
en-us	To solve the problem of transceiver interference in the in-band full duplex (IBFD) system, a photonic radio frequency interference cancellation system based on phase modulators is proposed.

zh-cn	利用两个相位调制器在萨格纳克（Sagnac）环中分别实现接收信号和本地参考干扰信号的调制，通过偏振控制最终可在光域中消除自干扰信号。
en-us	Two phase modulators are used in a Sagnac loop to realize the modulation of the received signal and the local reference interference signal. Proper polarization control in the optical domain can finally cancel the self-interference signal.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，所提方案最终可以实现超过 45dB的单频干扰消除和超过25dB的宽带干扰消除，系统的动态范围可达99.4dB·Hz2/3。
en-us	Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can achieve a single frequency interference suppression of more than 45 dB and a broad band interference suppression of more than 25 dB. The dynamic range of the system can reach 99.4 dB·Hz2/3.

zh-cn	当前基于深度学习的有监督前景分割方法得益于大量待分割场景的标注信息，其性能大幅超越传统的无监督方法。
en-us	Benefiting from large amounts of ground-truths of to-be-segmented scenarios, deep-learning based and supervised foreground segmentation algorithms generally outperform conventional unsupervised methods.

zh-cn	然而，获取高精度的像素级标注需要耗费大量的人力和时间成本，这严重限制了有监督算法在无标注场景的部署应用。
en-us	However, pixel-wise annotation is a tedious task, especially when it comes to the annotation of foreground moving objects. This seriously limits the deployment of a supervised algorithm in a wide range of scenes without ground-truths.

zh-cn	为解决对场景监督信息依赖的问题，设计了一种与传统的帧间差分法相融合的跨场景深度学习架构，即帧间高级特征差分算法。
en-us	To address the dependence on supervised information of to-be-segmented unseen scenes, we design an inter-frame high-level feature differencing algorithm with a deep learning architecture via integrating the traditional frame differencing method.

zh-cn	该算法重点围绕时域变化等跨场景共性知识的迁移，在不依赖待分割场景监督信息的前提下实现高精度分割。
en-us	The proposed algorithm leverages the transfer of cross-scene common knowledge, such as temporal changes, so as to achieve high performance for the scene in the absence of supervised information of to-be-segmented scenes.

zh-cn	面向五类不同模式的困难场景开展实验，本文算法的平均 F 值达到 0.8719，超越了当前最高性能的有监督算法FgSegNet_v2（相同的跨场景条件下）和最佳的无监督算法SemanticBS。
en-us	We evaluate our method on five challenging scenes with different patterns. The average F-Measure of our algorithm is 0.8719, which surpasses the current highest-performance (supervised) algorithm (FgSegNet_v2) under the cross-scene learning condition and the best unsupervised algorithm SemanticBS.

zh-cn	本文算法对QVGA视频（320×240）的处理速度达到35帧/s，具有较好的实时性。
en-us	Our method which can process a QVGA (320 × 240) video at 35 frames per second shows favorable real-time performance.

zh-cn	甲骨文是中国最早的系统文字，是目前能见到的最早的成熟汉字。
en-us	Oracle-Bone inscriptions are the earliest systematic and mature Chinese characters presently discovered.

zh-cn	甲骨文的研究对历史探究和文化传承具有重要的意义。
en-us	The study of Oracle-Bone inscriptions is of great significance to historical exploration and cultural inheritance.

zh-cn	但是要实现字符级别的甲骨字符图像标注，在现有技术环境下，只能通过资深甲骨学专家进行人工标注，不仅耗费人力资源，而且效率低下。
en-us	However, in order to realize character-level Oracle-Bone image annotation, in the existing technical environment, only experienced experts in Oracle-Bone inscriptions can carry out manual annotation, which not only consumes human resources, but also is inefficient.

zh-cn	针对这一问题，在前期工作中的甲骨字符图像识别模型的基础上，本文提出了一种甲骨字符图像自动标注算法。
en-us	Aiming at this problem, based on the Oracle-Bone image recognition model in the previous work, this paper proposes an automatic annotation algorithm for Oracle-Bone character images.

zh-cn	该算法通过先分列后切割的思想，先将甲骨拓片上的每一个字符图像归结到某一个特定列，再以锚点甲骨字为参考点，根据空间近邻关系找到甲骨原文中的字所对应的甲骨字符图像，从而实现了甲骨字符图像的自动标注。
en-us	In this algorithm, each character image on the Oracle-Bone rubbings is first reduced to a specific column. Then, the Oracle-Bone character images corresponding to the characters in the original text are found by taking the anchor point as the reference point and according to the nearest neighbor relation of space, so as to realize the automatic labeling of the Oracle-Bone character images.

zh-cn	同时，将标注好的甲骨字符图像添加到样本数据集，并利用增广后的数据集（增加 6~10倍）重新训练甲骨字符图像识别模型，有利于提高基于深度学习的甲骨文识别算法的识别准确度。
en-us	At the same time, the labeled Oracle-Bone images are added to the sample data set, and the original Oracle-Bone character image recognition model is retrained by using the augmented data set (6-10 times increase), which is conducive to improving the recognition accuracy of the Oracle-Bone character recognition algorithm based on deep learning.

zh-cn	以较小的成本大幅增加样本数量，也可以节约专家大量的时间和人力。
en-us	In this way, the number of samples can be greatly increased at a small cost, and a lot of time and manpower of experts can be saved.

zh-cn	为了提高室内电力线通信和可见光通信（PLC-VLC）系统的吞吐量和用户体验的公平性，该文提出一种改进遗传算法优化用户配对联合子载波分配(IGA-JUPSA)方法。
en-us	For improving the throughput and the fairness of user experience of indoor power line communications-visible light communications (PLC-VLC) system, an improved genetic algorithm-based joint user pairing and subcarrier allocation (IGA-JUPSA) method is proposed in the paper.

zh-cn	在 IGA-JUPSA 的用户配对阶段，设计了最优的非正交多址技术(NOMA)用户配对方法，提高 PLC-VLC 系统的吞吐量；
en-us	In the user pairing stage, a method of optimal non-orthogonal multipleaccess (NOMA) user pairing is designed to improve the throughput of PLC-VLC system.

zh-cn	在 IGA-JUPSA 的子载波分配阶段，设计 NOMA 与正交多址技术结合的子载波分配策略，设计改进的遗传算法优化不同NOMA组的子载波分配，提高系统的吞吐量和用户体验的公平性。
en-us	During the process of the subcarrier allocation scheme combined NOMA with orthogonal multiple access (OMA) is proposed, and the improved genetic algorithm is used to optimize the subcarrier allocation for different NOMA groups for improving the system throughput and user fairness.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提的用户配对和子载波联合方法可以提高PLC-VLC系统的吞吐量和用户体验的公平性。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed IGA-JUPSA can improve the throughput of PLC-VLC cascaded system and the fairness experience of users.

zh-cn	近年来物联网在许多军事和民用领域（灾后恢复、环境监控和军事对抗等）展现出蓬勃的应用前景，而在实际应用中，为了维护终端数据的新鲜度，必须以尽可能低的时延来完成数据聚合调度，从而为用户提供及时准确的数据服务。
en-us	Recent years have witnessed booming application of Internet of Things to many military and civilian fields (disaster recovery, environmental monitoring, military confrontation, and so on). In practical application, in order to maintain the freshness of terminal data, data aggregation scheduling must be completed with the lowest possible delay, so as to provide users with timely and accurate data services.

zh-cn	但是，受信号干扰的影响，最低时延数据聚合调度问题已被证明是 NP（Non-deterministic Polynomial）难问题，而如何设计低时延的数据聚合调度算法是物联网领域的研究热点。
en-us	However, affected by signal interference, the minimum-delay data aggregation scheduling problem has been proved to be NP-hard, and how to design a low-delay data aggregation scheduling algorithm is a hot topic in the field of Internet of Things.

zh-cn	现有面向传统物联网（如无线传感网）的解决方案通常采用逐层调度方法和干扰避免技术来实现，减少了可并发传输的链路数目，不利于降低数据聚合时延。
en-us	Most of existing solutions for traditional Internet of Things (such as wireless sensor networks) usually adopt the layer-by-layer scheduling method and the interference-avoidance technology, which is not conducive to improving data aggregation delay due to the reduced number of concurrent transmission links.

zh-cn	值得关注的是，相继干扰消除（Successive Interference Cancellation, SIC）技术作为一种简单而强大的多包接收技术，是研究者近年来取得的重大突破，而如何结合 SIC 技术来设计物联网低时延数据聚合调度算法具有非常重要的理论研究意义。
en-us	It is worth noting that successive interference cancellation (SIC) technology, as a kind of simple and powerful multi-packet receiving technology, is a major breakthrough made by researchers in recent years. How to combine SIC technology to design low-delay data aggregation scheduling algorithms for Internet of Things has very important theoretical research significance.

zh-cn	因此，本文以最大程度地增加可并发传输的链路数目为目标，利用跨层并发传输的思想来进行数据聚合调度，并结合SIC 技术来实现链路调度，提出了一种新颖的低时延数据聚合调度算法。
en-us	Therefore, this paper utilizes the idea of cross-layer concurrent transmission to schedule the data aggregation process, incorporates the SIC technology to schedule the data aggregation links, and proposes a novel delay-efficient data aggregation scheduling algorithm, with the aim of increasing the number of concurrent transmission links to the most extent.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，与现有算法相比，本文所提算法在数据聚合时延优化方面最多可达43.8%。
en-us	Simulation results show that, our algorithm can improve the data aggregation delay by at most 43.8% compared with the existing algorithm.

zh-cn	音频场景聚类的任务是将属于相同音频场景的音频样本合并到同一个类中。
en-us	Audio scene clustering (ASC) is a task to merge audio samples belonging to the same type of acoustic scene into a single cluster.

zh-cn	本文提出一种基于联合学习框架的音频场景聚类方法。
en-us	This paper proposes a method of ASC based on joint learning framework.

zh-cn	该框架由一个卷积自编码网络（Convolution Autoencoder Network, CAN）与一个判别性聚类网络（Discriminative Clustering Network, DCN）组成。
en-us	The proposed framework consists of a convolution autoencoder network (CAN) and a discriminative clustering network (DCN).

zh-cn	CAN 包括编码器和译码器，用于提取深度变换特征，DCN 用于对输入的深度变换特征进行类别估计从而实现音频场景聚类。
en-us	The CAN isused to extract deep transformed feature (DTF), while the DCN is used to do cluster estimation on the input DTF for realizing ASC.

zh-cn	采用DCASE-2017和LITIS-Rouen数据集作为实验数据，比较不同特征与聚类方法的性能。
en-us	Two datasets, DCASE-2017 and LITIS-Rouen, are used as experimental data, and the performance of different features and clustering methods are compared.

zh-cn	实验结果表明：采用归一化互信息和聚类精度作为评价指标时，基于联合学习框架提取的深度变换特征优于其他特征，本文方法优于其他方法。
en-us	Experimental results show that the DTF extracted by the joint learning framework outperforms other features, and our method is superior to other methods, in terms of the metrics of both normalized mutual information and clustering accuracy.

zh-cn	本文方法所需要付出的代价是需要较大的计算复杂度。
en-us	The cost of the proposed method is the higher computational complexity.

zh-cn	非线性失真是影响光载无线通信链路无杂散动态范围和工作带宽的主要因素。
en-us	Nonlinear distortion is identified as a major factor affecting the operating bandwidth and spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of radio-over-fiber link.

zh-cn	通过结合射频功率比、偏振复用和偏置控制技术，针对分布式天线系统，构建了一种大动态范围和跨倍频程带宽多通道光载无线通信链路。
en-us	Combining with the RF power ratio, polarization multiplexing and bias control techniques, a multi-channel radio-over-fiber link with high dynamic range and octave-spanning bandwidth is constructed for distributed antenna system (DAS).

zh-cn	利用拉格朗日乘子法对所提链路进行线性度优化建模，得到了射频输出功率、偏振入射角和射频功率比之间的最佳折衷，从而在抑制三阶交调失真和二阶谐波失真的基础上，实现了链路线性度的最优化。
en-us	A model of linearity optimization for the proposed link is developed using a Lagrange multiplier method optimization model, and the best trade-off among RF output power, polarization incident angle and RF power ratio can be obtained. Thus, the optimization of link linearity can be achieved on the premise that the third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) and second-order harmonic distortion (HD2) are suppressed simultaneously.

zh-cn	仿真和实验结果验证了所提方案的有效性和可行性。
en-us	The simulated and experimental results show the proposed scheme is effective and feasible.

zh-cn	论文基于涡旋光束传输特性及光散射理论，研究了叠加态涡旋光束经旋转随机粗糙表面的场分布及干涉特性。
en-us	Based on the transmission characteristics of vortex beams and light scattering theory, the field distribution and interference characteristics of superposition vortex beams passing through the rotating random rough surface are studied.

zh-cn	对拓扑荷值大小相同、符号相反的两束涡旋光进行了叠加生成仿真及实验，利用角谱衍射理论，分析了旋转随机粗糙表面均方根粗糙度对光束传输的影响，数值计算了不同拓扑荷值的叠加态涡旋光束经旋转随机粗糙表面后，与参考光进行干涉得到不同转速下归一化强度值随时间变化的曲线，并通过光强-时间函数间接求得频移量,再反演得到旋转目标的转速。
en-us	Two vortex beams with the same topological charge value and opposite signs are used for simulation and experiment of superimposition generation. Using angular spectrum diffraction theory, the influence of the root-mean-square roughness of the rotating random rough surface on the beam transmission is analyzed. As the superposition vortex beams with different topological charges pass through the rotating random rough surface and interfere with the reference light, the time-dependent curve of normalized intensity values at different rotational speeds can be obtained through numerical calculation. Then the frequency shift can be indirectly obtained by light intensity-time function and the speed of rotating target can be obtained through inversion.

zh-cn	结果表明：通过仿真曲线的周期反演频率，当转速 Ω 分别为 2π/3 rad/s，2π rad/s，10π/3 rad/s 时，对应的频移Δf分别为2/3Hz，2Hz，10/3Hz。
en-us	The results show that: the frequency is inverted by the period of the simulation curve, and when the rotational speed Ω is 2π/3 rad/s, 2π rad/s, 10π/3 rad/s, the corresponding frequency shift Δf is 2/3Hz, 2Hz, 10/3Hz, respectively.

zh-cn	研究结果可以为叠加涡旋光的调控及应用提供理论参考。
en-us	The results of this research can provide a theoretical reference for the regulation and application of superposition vortex beams.

zh-cn	为提高下肢表面肌电信号步态识别的识别精度和计算效率，采用一种基于高斯核函数优化正则化超限学习机（GKF-RELM）算法，对肌电信号提取时域、频域和非线性动力学三类特征并分别计算步态识别率，运用Fisher判别函数分析所提特征的可分性，得到多类特征的融合特征作为输入数据对分类器进行训练，再用训练好的分类器进行步态识别，从识别率和计算时间两方面，分别与支持向量机（SVM）和深度神经网络（DNN）方法进行了对比分析。
en-us	To improve the recognition accuracy and computational efficiency of gait recognition for lower extremity surface electromyography (sEMG), the Gaussian kernel function-regularized extreme learning machine (GKF-RELM) algorithm is presented. The features of time domain, frequency domain and non-linear dynamics via sEMG signals are extracted and the corresponding gait recognition rates are calculated, respectively. Fisher discriminant function is utilized to analyze the separability of the proposed features, and the fusion features of multi-class features are obtained as the input data to train the classifiers, and the trained classifier is used for gait recognition. The recognition rate and calculation time are compared with support vector machine (SVM) and deep neural network (DNN).

zh-cn	结果表明，基于 Fisher判别可分性指标确定的多类特征组合，能得到最优识别效果，并在提高分类精度的同时，优化了计算效率。
en-us	The results show that the combination of multi-class features based on Fisher discriminant separability index can obtain the optimal recognition effects, and improve the classification accuracy, as well as optimize the calculation efficiency.

zh-cn	此外，GKF-RELM方法的识别率也优于传统的ELM方法。
en-us	In addition, the recognition rate of GKF-RELM method is preferable to that of traditional ELM method.

zh-cn	涡旋光是一种携带轨道角动量(Orbital Angular Momentum, OAM)的特殊光束,由于携带不同 OAM 的涡旋光之间相互正交，并且 OAM 无限取值的特性，使得其可为光通信系统提供一个新的物理维度，因此吸引了国内外众多学者的关注。
en-us	Optical vortex beam is a special beam that carries orbital angular momentum (OAM). Optical vortex beams with different OAMs are orthogonal to each other, and its numbers are infinite in theory, which can provide a new communication dimension for the optical communication systems. Therefore, it has attracted great attentions of worldwide scholars.

zh-cn	随着 OAM 光通信技术的研究深化，各类 OAM 通信系统得到了飞速发展，但通信系统中的能量利用效率问题却较少受到关注。
en-us	With the in-depth investigations of OAM based optical communication technology, various OAM communications ystems have been developed rapidly, but people seldom pay attention to the topic of energy-utilization efficiency in OAM-based communication systems.

zh-cn	本文聚焦近期典型成果中的 OAM 光束的产生、检测以及整体通信系统的能量利用效率，对之进行概括，并对未来OAM光通信系统的能量利用效率的发展趋势及前景进行分析与展望。
en-us	This paper focuses on and summarizes energy-utilization efficiencies of OAM's generation, detection, and the energy-utilization efficiency of whole communication systems in recent typical achievements. And the development trends and prospects for the energy-utilization efficiency of the future systems have been analyzed and prospected.

zh-cn	由于在性能和复杂度之间的良好折中，软信息辅助硬判决译码近年来受到了光通信领域的高度关注，其中包括了软信息辅助比特标记（Soft-Aided Bit-Marking, SABM）算法。
en-us	Due to a good trade-off between performance and complexity, a new class of decoding schemes, called soft-aided hard-decision (SA-HD) decoders, has become particularly interested to optical communication fields in recent years. Soft-aided bit-marking (SABM) algorithm is one of the popular ones.

zh-cn	为了易于硬件实现，本文基于阶梯码（StaircaseCode, SCC）提出了一种改进型 SABM 算法（improved SABM, iSABM），称为 iSABM-SCC。
en-us	To be friendly for hardware implementation, this paper proposes an improved SABM (iSABM) algorithm for staircase codes (SCCs), which we call iSABM-SCC.

zh-cn	iSABM-SCC 利用信道软信息，通过两个可信度阈值将硬判决输出比特标记为三种可信度等级，用以辅助硬判决译码识别译码错误和扩展纠错能力，达到提升阶梯码性能的目的。
en-us	With the help of channel soft information, iSABM-SCC marks bits into three types according to their reliabilities using two thresholds. The marked information is then used to assist the staircase decoder to prevent miscorrections and to extend the error-correcting capability, thus improving the performance of SCCs.

zh-cn	在受大气湍流影响的自由空间光通信中的仿真表明，iSABM-SCC性能显著优于标准 SCC和RS码。
en-us	The simulation results for free-space optical communications show that the proposed iSABM-SCC scheme achieves higher performance gains over standard SCC (S-SCC) and RS code in turbulence channels.

zh-cn	以强湍流信道为例，码率为 0.75 的 iSABM-SCC 在 4-PAM 调制下较标准 SCC 产生的性能增益可达 4.37 dB，在8-PAM调制下较RS码产生的性能增益可达11.06 dB。
en-us	For instance, iSABM-SCC with code rate of 0.75 has been shown to yield up to 4.37 dB performance gain when compared to S-SCC for 4-PAM and up to 11.06 dB performance gain when compared to RS code for 8-PAM in a strong turbulence channel.

zh-cn	平衡图划分是改善并行图计算性能的关键。一个良好的划分算法应保证划分后的子图在负载均衡的前提下，减少子图之间的交互边(切割边)规模，从而减少网络通信。
en-us	It is the key to improving the performance of graph calculation by improving the efficiency of the graph partitioning algorithm and reducing the communication edge scale between the subgraphs. Due to the limited memory capacity of single computing node, it is difficult to meet the partitioning requirements of large-scale graphs in terms of partitioning efficiency and partitioning quality.

zh-cn	对此，本文设计一种基于层次亲和聚类的分布式大图划分算法(DisHAP)。
en-us	In this paper, a distributed graph partitioning algorithm based on hierarchical affinity clustering for massive scale graphs is designed, called DisHAP.

zh-cn	该算法采用亲和聚类的思想，将图初始划分为规模相等的 k 个子图；
en-us	It uses the Boruvka minimum spanning tree algorithm tobalance cluster the graph under the constraint condition of the input graph according to the vertex similarity, and partitions the graph into k subgraph (partitions) with equal size.

zh-cn	最后将 DisHAP应用在 MapReduce框架中，使用多种真实及理论图数据，与现有的大图划分算法做比较分析。
en-us	Finally, we use various actual and theoretical graph data to compare with existing graph partitioning algorithms to verify the effectiveness of the DisHAP algorithm.

zh-cn	以 Twitter图为例，划分 2，4，8，16，32个子区，相较于现有的大图划分算法（LDG，BLP，Spinner，Fennel，ParMetis及 PSA-MIR算法），割边率减少 1.7%～30.2%，说明了该算法的优越性。
en-us	Taking the graph Twitter as an example, it is partitioned into 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 partitions. Compared to LDG, BLP, Spinner, Fennel, ParMetis and PSA-MIR algorithms, the fraction of edges cut is reduced by 30.2%, 29.4%, 10.2%, 7.8%, 1.7%, and 3.3% respectively.

zh-cn	无线光通信系统中的指向误差对光功率的几何衰减产生影响，导致系统接收光功率的下降，影响系统性能。
en-us	Pointing error in wireless optical communication system has an impact on the geometric attenuation of the received optical power, resulting in a decrease in the received optical power of the system and affecting the performance of the system.

zh-cn	为了精确分析指向误差对无线光通信系统性能的影响，本文基于高斯光束光强分布推导了圆形孔径下无线光通信系统接收光功率几何衰减模型的精确解析解，仿真了不同参数条件下指向误差对系统几何衰减的影响，验证了解析解的准确性，并与现有模型进行了比较分析。
en-us	In order to accurately analyze the effect of pointing error on the performance of wireless optical communication system, based on the intensity distribution of Gaussian beam, the accurate analytical solution of the geometric attenuation model of received optical power in wireless optical communication system with circular aperture is derived. The influence of pointing error on the geometric attenuation of the system under different parameters is simulated, and the accuracy of the analytical solution is verified and compared with the existing model.

zh-cn	结果表明，采用现有近似模型计算几何衰减存在的误差不能忽略，因此在圆形孔径下进行模型推导更符合实际情况。
en-us	The results show that there are errors in using the existing approximate model to calculate the geometric attenuation, and the existing errors cannot be ignored, therefore the model derivation under the circular aperture is more in line with the actual situation.

zh-cn	在无线光通信点对点通信及组网通信时，采用本文所得的指向误差下的高斯光束几何衰减解析模型更为精确。
en-us	In the point-to-point communication and networking communication of wireless optical communication, it is more accurate to use the Gaussian beam geometric attenuation analytical model under pointing error.

zh-cn	为了有效地管理 VLC-WiFi 异构网络的小区间干扰，该文设计基于用户中心接入的动态载波分配(DCAUCA)方法，该方法依据用户请求速率构建大小不同的 multi-AP 小区，对各 multi-AP 小区依据用户请求速率与网络服务速率的差值降序排列，并依次为各 multi-AP 小区的 VLC AP 分配载波。
en-us	In order to manage the inter-cell interference of the visble light communication-wireless fidelity (VLC-WiFi) heterogeneous network effectively, a dynamic carrier allocation method based on user centric access (DCAUCA) was designed in this paper, in which multi-AP cells were constructed for users according to user rates and the differences between user request rate and network service rate of each cell was sorted in descending order for the purpose of allocating carriers to each VLC AP sequentially.

zh-cn	同时，提出基于 VLC AP 发射功率控制的小区残余干扰抑制(RISPC)策略以进一步优化干扰管理效果。
en-us	Furthermore, a strategy called residual interference suppression based on transmitting power control (RISPC) was proposed to further suppress residual interference.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，DCAUCA 方法相较于对比方法最高可提升52.15%的系统吞吐量与7.10%的用户满意度，RISPC策略相较于DCAUCA方法最高可提升9.66%的系统吞吐量。
en-us	Simulation results show that, compared with the comparison method, the DCAUCA improves system throughput by up to 52.15% and user's satisfaction by up to 7.10%. Compared with DCAUCA, the RISPC improves system throughput by up to 9.66%.

zh-cn	本文提出了一种高线性度的全双工光载射频系统。
en-us	In this paper, a full-duplex radio over fiber system with high linearity is proposed.

zh-cn	该系统克服了下行链路三阶交调失真与周期性功率衰落的影响，同时对上行链路进行波长重用，简化了基站的成本和复杂度，实现了高线性度的全双工光载射频系统。
en-us	The system overcomes the influence of the third-order intermodulation distortion and the periodic power fading in the downlink. At the same time, wavelength reuse is used in the uplink, which simplifies the complexity of the base station. A full duplex radio over fiber system with high linearity is realized.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，与基于单个马增调制器的常规系统相比，本系统下行链路中三阶交调失真得到明显抑制，克服了光纤色散引起的功率衰落，系统无杂散动态范围提高 17dB，宽带信号的星座图和误差矢量幅度改善明显，另外，上行链路可以实现稳定的波长重用及宽带信号传输。
en-us	The experimental results show that compared with the conventional system based on single Mach Zehnder modulator, the third-order intermodulation distortion in the downlink of the proposed system is obviously suppressed and the influence of fiber dispersion is overcome, the spurious free dynamic range of the system is improved by 17dB, and the constellation and error vector amplitude of broadband RFsignal are improved significantly. In addition, the uplink can achieve stable wavelength reuse and modulation transmission.

zh-cn	本文提出了一种应用于可见光蜂窝网的自由曲面光学发射天线，用于改善整个网络范围内的信号质量以提高系统的通信性能。
en-us	A novel optical transmitting antenna based on free-form lens is proposed for visible light cellular network in order to improve the signal quality in the whole coverage area and communication performance of the system.

zh-cn	首先基于能量映射关系和斯涅尔定律，设计了目标光分布区域为矩形的基于自由曲面透镜的光学发射天线，应用该天线能使半导体发光二极管（LED）光源发出的光信号均匀分布在 0.8 m × 0.8 m 的正方形范围内。
en-us	Based onthe energy mapping relation and Snell's law, the optical transmitting antenna based on free-form lens is designed to realize rectangle light receiving areas. Using this optical transmitting antenna, the light signal from light emitting diodes (LED) source can be distributed uniformly in a square area of 0.8 m × 0.8 m.

zh-cn	而后将设计的光学发射天线应用于可见光蜂窝网，并进一步对网络接收区域的光信号质量和系统性能做了分析。
en-us	On this basis, a visible light cellular network with thenovel optical transmitting antenna is applied, of which the quality of the receiving light signal and system performance are further investigated.

zh-cn	结果表明，在一个 3 m × 3 m × 3 m 房间中安装有 16个 LED 光源作为接入点，采用所设计的自由曲面光学发射天线，网络覆盖区域的光信号分布均匀度达到了 0.8 以上，同信道干扰基本消除，平均信干噪比为 12.6 dB，系统具有较好的误码率性能，能够有效地保证可见光蜂窝网的通信质量。
en-us	It is demonstrated that in a 3 m × 3 m × 3 m room with 16 LEDs using the designed optical antenna, the uniformity of light distribution in the light network converage reaches 0.8。 With the elimination of co-channel interference, the average signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) is 12.6 dB, which can effectively improve the bit error ratio (BER) and ensure the communication performance of visible light cellular networks.

zh-cn	大气湍流引起的光束闪烁和抖动，将使光通信接收机焦平面上点扩散函数（Point Spread Function, PSF）随机起伏和漂移，导致光电探测器无法有效覆盖信号光场。
en-us	The light beam flicker and jitter caused by atmospheric turbulence will cause the point spread function (PSF) on the focal plane of the optical communication receiver to randomly fluctuate and drift, causing the photo detector to fail to effectively cover the signal light field.

zh-cn	针对自由空间光通信（Free Space Optical Communications，FSO）系统在多模高斯背景光噪声场和接收光信号能量效率的限定下最小化系统误码率的问题，提出了一种适用于强度调制/直接检测（Intensity Modulation/Direct Detection, IM/DD）的自适应光电阵列信号处理算法。
en-us	In order to minimize the bit error rate (BER) of free space optical communication (FSO) system under the limitation of multi-mode Gaussian background light noise field and received optical signal energy efficiency, an adaptive photoelectric array signal processing algorithm suitable for intensity modulation / direct detection (IM / DD) is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法采用合并阵元路径法计算不同阵元数条件下的系统误码率，并以最小误码率为判决准则，优化接收光电阵元序列。
en-us	In this method, the combined array path method is used to calculate the system BER of different array elements, and the minimum BER is used as the criterion to optimize the received photoelectric array element sequence.

zh-cn	分析和仿真结果表明，在相同大气湍流和背景光噪声条件下，相比于现有的光电阵列处理算法，新方法选取适当的合并阵元数，在极大降低系统计算复杂度的同时，系统性能损耗几乎可以忽略。
en-us	The analysis and simulation results show that under the same atmospheric turbulence and background light noise conditions, compared with the existing photoelectric array processing algorithm, the new method can greatly reduce the computational complexity of the system, while the system performance loss can be almost ignored.

zh-cn	针对光学相机通信（Optical Camera Communication，OCC）链路收发两端不同步和相机帧间间隔等因素引起 OCC 链路数据丢失的问题，本文在分析相机接收机卷帘快门工作机制的基础上，研究了光电二极管(Light Emitting Diode，LED)-相机 OCC 链路的基本工作原理，以及相机像素行数、像素行读取时间、拍摄帧速率、拍摄角度姿态等因素对 OCC链路数据传输速率、链路丢帧率等参数的影响，并针对 OCC链路的特点，设计了一种新型的适用于 OCC链路的数据帧结构。
en-us	Aiming to fix the data loss problem of optical camera communication (OCC) data link resulting from the lack of sync between the camera and the LED signal lamp, as well as the gap time between every two consecutively captured pictures, the fundamental principle of LED-camera based OCC data link, camera parameters like pixel row number, pixel read out time, frame rate and shooting angle are analyzed in detail in this paper. Based on the characteristics of the OCC data link, a new data frame structure is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	通过对比分析发现，使用该数据帧的 OCC 链路，可以有效地解决收发端不同步和相机帧间间隔引起的 OCC 链路数据丢失的问题，优于常用的交错 Hamming码和 Raptor码帧结构。
en-us	When compared to the related data frame structure like interleaved Hamming coding and Raptor coding, the proposed date frame structure has a higher data transmission rate, and has the capability to fix both the inter-frame and intra-frame data loss problems.

zh-cn	最后，本文设计搭建了相关的 OCC 链路测试平台，通过对比数字仿真结果和实际测量结果，验证了理论分析的有效性。
en-us	Numerical and measurement results both prove the validity of the theoretical analysis, finally.

zh-cn	为了建立同频干扰条件下的混合射频/自由空间光（Radio Frequency/Free Space optical, RF/FSO）航空中继通信系统链路精确模型，提出多用户分集（Multi-User Diversity, MUD）的航空平台 RF/FSO 混合链路性能分析方法。
en-us	In order to establish an accurate model of the hybrid radio frequency/free space optical (Radio Frequency/Free Space optical, RF/FSO) aviation relay communication system link under the condition of co-channel interference, amulti-user diversity (Multi-User Diversity, MUD) airborne platform RF/FSO hybrid link performance analysis method is proposed.

zh-cn	以独立且同分布的 Nakagami-m 衰落信道表征射频（Radio Frequency, RF）用户信号和同频干扰（Co-Channel Interference, CCI）信号信道；构建了指数 Weibull 分布大气湍流与 Rayleigh 分布指向误差的 FSO 信道传输模型；
en-us	The independent and identically distributed Nakagami-m fading channel is used to characterize the RF user signal and the co-channel interference (Co-Channel Interference, CCI) signal channel, while the FSO link between relay to destination is assumed to be affected by Exponentiated Weibull distributed atmospheric turbulence and the Rayleigh distributed pointing error.

zh-cn	在电光转换中继节点采用解码转发协议降低噪声累积。
en-us	The decoding and forwarding protocol is adopted at the relay node to avoid accumulation of noise.

zh-cn	基于系统端到端等价信噪比累积分布函数，获得了 RF/FSO 混合链路中断概率及平均误码率表达式。
en-us	Based on the cumulative distribution function of the system's end-to-end equivalent signal-to-noise ratio, the closed expressions for link outage probability and average bit error rate are derived.

zh-cn	研究结果表明，采用相干二进制相移键控调制时，系统误码性能最优；
en-us	The research results show that when using coherent binary phase shift keying modulation, the system has the best error performance.

zh-cn	可通过增加用户数的方式来减弱干扰信号的影响。
en-us	The influence of interference signals can be reduced by increasing the number of users.

zh-cn	携带轨道角动量的涡旋光束在自由空间光通信信道中传输时，信道中的湍流介质会改变涡旋光束的传播特性，破坏波前螺旋结构，最终直接影响通信的稳定性和可靠性。
en-us	When the vortex beam carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) is transmitted in the free space opticalcommunication (FSO) channel, the turbulent medium in which will change the propagation characteristics of the vortex beam, destroy the spiral structure of the wave-front, and ultimately directly affect the stability and reliability of communication.

zh-cn	针对现有实验研究在普适性方面的不足，本文选取基于相干光束合成技术的高功率涡旋光束阵列为研究光源，从理论角度出发，建立一套完备的体系架构，用以分析大气湍流引起的幅度和相位起伏对基于轨道角动量的自由空间光通信系统性能的影响。
en-us	To make up the shortcomings of the previously experimental research in the generalization, a high-power vortex beam array based on coherent beam combining (CBC) technology is selected as the research light source, and a complete system architecture is established from a theoretical point of view to analyze the impact of the amplitude and phase fluctuations caused by atmospheric turbulence on the performance of OAM based FSO communication systems.

zh-cn	应用光学外差检测，对湍流条件下信噪比的随机分布进行详细的研究，并基于此得到多进制相移键控调制下符号错误概率的解析表达式，评估不同湍流信道参数、光源参数以及接收机参数对符号错误概率的影响。
en-us	Applying the optical heterodyne detection (OHD), the random distribution of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) under turbulent conditions is studied in detail. Based on this, the analytical expression of symbol error probability (SEP) under the condition of Mary Phase-ShiftKeying (MPSK) has been derived, and the influence of different turbulence channel parameters, beam parameters and receiver parameters on SEP has been investigated.

zh-cn	结果表明，增大阵列子光束束腰半径、阵列子光束个数，减小阵列环状半径，可以提高光束质量，优化系统性能。
en-us	The results suggest that increasing the beam waist radius of the array sub-beams and the number of the array sub-beams, and reducing the ring radius of the array can improve the beam quality and optimize the system performance.

zh-cn	另外，较小的拓扑荷数、传播距离和湍流强度以及较大的接收孔径直径使得符号错误概率较低，对应的通信性能更佳。
en-us	In addition, the smaller topological charge, propagation distance and turbulence intensity, and larger receiver aperture diameter can make the symbol error probability lower and the corresponding communication performance better.

zh-cn	针对移动群智感知中参与者积极性不高导致的数据质量低和激励成本高的问题，本文提出了一种基于混合用户模型与列表级排序学习算法相结合的协同排序任务推荐方法。
en-us	To solve the problem of low data quality and high incentive cost caused by the inactivity of participants inmobile crowd sensing, this paper proposes a task recommendation method.

zh-cn	根据参与者的历史行为对其进行分析，初步过滤掉一些劣质感知用户，同时利用参与者间的相似性构建混合用户模型。
en-us	We could analyze the participants according to their historical behavior, and filter out low-quality sensing users. Meanwhile, the similarity among the participants was used to build a user-hybrid model.

zh-cn	利用概率矩阵分解对参与者的意愿值进行预测，并根据排序学习得到一个排序模型。
en-us	Then, the participants' willingness would be predicted by the probabilistic matrix factorization, and a ranking model was obtained.

zh-cn	根据排序模型生成任务推荐列表，作为目标参与者的优选任务列表。
en-us	Finally, a task recommendation list was generated on the basis of ranking model as the preferred task list for the target participants.

zh-cn	基于真实数据集的仿真实验结果表明，本文提出的方法有效地提高了任务分配的准确率，与此同时减少了感知用户的移动距离。
en-us	The simulation experiments based on the real dataset show that the proposed method in this paper can improve the accuracy of task assignment effectively and reduce the moving distance of sensing users simultaneously.

zh-cn	现有关键词抽取算法缺乏对短语的有效表示，为抽取出更能反映文本主题的关键短语，本文提出一种基于短语向量的关键词抽取方法 PhraseVecRank。
en-us	Keyword extraction is a key basic problem in the field of natural language processing. The keyphrase extraction algorithms (PhraseVecRank) is proposed based on phrase embedding.

zh-cn	首先设计基于 LSTM（Long Short-Term Memory）和 CNN（ConvolutionalNeural Network）自编码器的短语向量构建模型，解决复杂短语的语义表示问题。
en-us	Firstly, a phrase vector construction model based on LSTM（Long Short-Term Memory）and CNN（Convolutional Neural Network）is designed to solve the semantic representation of complex phrases.

zh-cn	然后，利用短语向量对每个候选短语计算主题权重，通过主题加权排序提高关键词抽取的效果。
en-us	Then, PhraseVecRank uses phrase embedding to calculate theme weight for each candidate phrase, and uses semantic similarity between candidate phrase embedding and co-occurrence information to calculate edge weight together, which can improve the extraction effect of keyphrases through topic weighted ranking.

zh-cn	在公共数据集和学术论文数据上的实验表明，本文提出的方法能够有效提取与文本主题信息相关的关键短语，同时利用自编码器构造的短语向量可以更好地表示短语的语义信息。
en-us	The experimental results verify that PhraseVecRank can effectively extract keyphrases covering the topic information of text, and the phrase embedding models we proposed can better represent the semantic information of phrases.

zh-cn	合成孔径雷达（Synthetic Aperture Radar，SAR）影像中的斑点现象是地物后向散射信号相互干扰产生的，其虽然类似噪声却涉及地物目标的散射特征。
en-us	The speckle phenomenon in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is caused by the mutual interference of backscattering signals of ground objects. Although it is similar to noise, it involves the scattering characteristics of ground objects.

zh-cn	同一地物目标的散射特征可通过斑点统计分布模型来刻画，因此降噪过程中可通过恢复影像斑点的统计分布特性来保留斑点包含的地物散射信息。
en-us	The scattering characteristics of the same ground object can be described by the speckle statistical distribution model. Therefore, in the process of noise reduction, the scattering information of the ground object contained in the speckle can be preserved by restoring the statistical distribution characteristics of speckle.

zh-cn	基于该思想，提出一种基于斑点统计特性保持的SAR影像迭代滤波算法。
en-us	Based on this idea, an iterative filtering method of SAR image based on speckle statistical characteristic preservation is proposed.

zh-cn	该算法假设给定SAR影像的统计分布函数是先验已知的，即建模为混合Gamma分布，其分布参数可利用影像的像素值估计；
en-us	The proposed method assumes that the statistical distribution function of a given SAR image is known a priori, namely the mixture Gamma distribution, and its distribution parameters can be estimated by the pixel values of the image.

zh-cn	接着基于构建的混合Gamma分布模型，运用EM（Expectation Maximization）算法分割影像中的同质区域；
en-us	Then, the EM (Expectation Maximization) algorithm is used to segment the SAR image based on the mixture Gamma distribution, so as to obtain the homogeneous regions in the image.

zh-cn	再针对不同同质区域，选取拟合误差较大的灰度级，根据分割结果计算像素值为该灰度级的像素的密度，判断其是否是异常像素，并对异常像素运用 Frost 滤波器进行降噪。
en-us	Subsequently, for different homogeneous regions, select the gray levels with larger fitting errors, calculate the densities of the pixels whose values are the gray levels according to the segmentation results, and judge whether they are abnormal pixels, and the abnormal pixels are filtered by Frost filter.

zh-cn	重复上述步骤，直到滤波后的影像直方图较好地服从统计分布函数。
en-us	Repeat above procedure until the histogram of filtered image fits the statistical distribution function well.

zh-cn	GF-3 和 Radarsat-2 SAR 影像数据实验结果表明，该算法在保证影像质量的前提下，不仅能获得较好的统计建模结果，而且较好地抑制了相干斑噪声，实现影像降噪。
en-us	Experimental results of GF-3 and Radarsat-2 SAR image show that, on the premise of maintaining image quality, the proposed method can not only obtain better statistical modeling results, but also suppress speckle well and achieve image denoising.

zh-cn	由于多智能体所处环境动态变化，并且单个智能体的决策也会影响其他智能体，这使得单智能体深度强化学习算法难以在多智能体环境中保持稳定。
en-us	Due to the dynamic change of multi-agent environment, and the decision of single agent will affect other agents, it is difficult for the deep reinforcement learning algorithm of single agent to maintain stability in multi-agent environment.

zh-cn	为了适应多智能体环境，本文利用集中训练和分散执行框架Cen‑tralized Training with Decentralized Execution(CTDE)，对单智能体深度强化学习算法 Soft Actor‑Critic(SAC)进行了改进，引入智能体通信机制，构建 Multi‑Agent Soft Actor‑Critic(MASAC)算法。
en-us	In order to adapt to multi-agent environment, this paper uses centralized training and decentralized execution framework (CTDE) to improve single agent deep reinforcement learning algorithm soft actor-critic (SAC).

zh-cn	MASAC 中智能体共享观察信息和历史经验，有效减少了环境不稳定性对算法造成的影响。
en-us	By introducing agent communication mechanism, in multi-agent soft actor-critic (MASAC), agents share observation information and historical experience, which effectively reduces the impact of environmental instability on the algorithm.

zh-cn	最后，本文在协同以及协同竞争混合的任务中，对 MASAC算法性能进行了实验分析，结果表明MASAC相对于SAC在多智能体环境中具有更好的稳定性。
en-us	Finally, in the task of cooperation and cooperation and competition, the performance of MASAC algorithm is analyzed experimentally. The results show that MASAC has better stability than SAC in multi-agent environment.

zh-cn	针对幅值强、频带宽、持续时间短等脉冲电场测量需求，本文提出一种基于电光聚合物缺陷光子晶体的全介质脉冲电场传感器。
en-us	As for the measurement requirements of the pulse electric field with high intensity, wide frequency band and short duration, an all-dielectric electric field sensor based on photonic crystal with electro-optic polymer defect was proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	在周期性分布的光子晶体中引入电光聚合物作为缺陷层，外界电场的作用下，电光聚合物的折射率发生改变，这将会引起光子晶体的谐振频率偏移，监测谐振频率的变化即可实现被测电场测量。
en-us	The electro-optic polymer in the form of a defect layer was inserted in the periodic one-dimensional photonic crystal structure. The variations of refractive index of electro-optic polymer under the externally applied electric fields may induce the changes of the resonance wavelength of the defect mode. Accordingly, the applied electric field may be measured by monitoring the shift of the resonant wavelength.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，通过合理设计传感器的结构参数，结合波长-光强解调系统，基于电光聚合物缺陷光子晶体的电场传感器的电场分辨力可以达到约30V/m，最高可测量场强则可达到兆V/m量级。
en-us	It is theoretically shown that the minimal detectable electric field of 30V/m can be achieved and the maximum detectable field could reach up to the order of MV/m。

zh-cn	为实现确知频率信号在强噪声环境下的有效提取，本文在零空间追踪(Null Space Pursuit, NSP)方法的基础上，通过增加已知频率的先验信息约束，提出了一种基于频率确知信号约束的微弱信号提取方法。
en-us	In order to realize the effective extraction of determined frequency signal under the strong noise environment, we propose a weak signal extraction method based on null space pursuit (NSP) and determined frequency signal constraint.

zh-cn	该方法继承了零空间追踪方法的优良属性，通过将确定的频率作为先验信息约束，可以实现其微弱信号相位和幅度的有效提取，仿真实验证明最多可实现高达 30dB 信噪比的提升；特别适合相对低信噪比环境下（信噪比小于-5dB）的微弱信号提取。
en-us	The proposed approach inherits the excellent properties of NSP algorithm, by incorporating the determined frequency as prior information constraint, can extract the amplitude and phase of the weak signal effectively. The simulated experimental results show that, for the weak signal extraction, the proposed approach can improve signal to noise ratio (SNR) up to 30dB and especially suitable for low SNR environment extraction (i.e. SNR below -5dB).

zh-cn	该方法提供了常规的微弱确知信号的检测/提取方法之外的一种新的选择。
en-us	In addition to the traditional methods, this approach provides an alternative way for the weak signal extraction or detection.

zh-cn	随着工业物联网和人工智能技术的迅猛发展，各种复杂软件系统（Complex Software System, CSS）日趋盛行，成为最重要的软件系统开发范式之一，其固有的成长性构造和适应性演化性质要求 CSS必须能够实时感知和诊断自身的健康状态，确保其适应性演化过程中的质量。
en-us	With the rapid development of Industry Internet of Things and AI technology, various complex software systems (CSS) are becoming more and more popular, and becoming one of the most important software development paradigms. Its inherent growth construction and adaptive evolution require CSS to be able to perceive and diagnose its own health status in real time, so as to ensure the quality of its adaptive evolution.

zh-cn	本文采用特征工程和存储库数据挖掘技术，对影响开源 CSS 健康状态的特征进行分析，建立了一个数据驱动的实时、客观地反映开源 CSS 健康状态的自感知模型，并进一步借鉴质量控制图的思想，定义了能够辅助开源 CSS故障诊断的自诊断模型。
en-us	The paper uses feature engineering and mining software repositories (MSR) technology to analyze the features that affect the health of open source CSS, and establishes adata driven perception model that can reflect the health status of open source CSS in real time and objectively. Furthermore, a self-diagnosis model that can assist open source CSS fault diagnosis is defined with reference to the quality control chart.

zh-cn	最后，通过对比实验，证明了本文提出的模型因为全面综合了软件开发过程的绝大多数特征，能够更加全面和有效地评价软件的健康状态。
en-us	Finally, through the model comparison experiment, it is proved that our model can evaluate the health of software more comprehensively and effectively because it integrates most feature of software development process.

zh-cn	提出基于词频处理的 Laplacian 图谱聚类算法，以解决短文本数据维数高、特征稀疏等问题。
en-us	A Laplacian graph clustering algorithm based on word frequency processing is presented, to solve the problems of high feature dimension and sparse feature in short text.

zh-cn	首先采用词频-逆文本频率指数 TF-IDF（Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency）方法，将短文本数据集映射到文本向量空间得到词频权值矩阵；
en-us	First, the term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) method is used to map the short text dataset to the text vector space, to obtain the word frequency weight matrix.

zh-cn	其次利用 Laplacian 矩阵的图谱聚类特性，对词频权值矩阵进行数据降维处理；
en-us	Secondly, the dimension of the word frequency weight matrix is reduced by using the graph clustering property of Laplacian matrix.

zh-cn	然后依据 Laplacian 矩阵的特征值表示文本相似度的特点，选择前 K 个特征值对应的特征向量作为初始聚类中心，以减少聚类过程的迭代次数。
en-us	Afterwards, according to the feature that the eigenvalues of Laplace matrix can represent the degree of text similarity, the eigenvectors corresponding to the first K eigen values are selected as the initial clustering center, thus reducing the number of iterations in the clustering process.

zh-cn	在 SSC、20 News Group 及 Microblog PCU 数据集上进行相关实验，结果表明 Laplacian 图谱聚类算法比传统聚类算法，不仅具有更优的聚类结果与更快的收敛速度，而且受噪声点影响较小，有很好的鲁棒性。
en-us	We conduct extensive experiments on SSC, 20 News Group and Microblog PCU datasets. The results show that the Laplacian graph clustering algorithm not only has better clustering results and faster convergence speed compared with the traditional clustering algorithm, but also it is less affected by noises and has good robustness.

zh-cn	本文提出了一种基于多源交配选择的多目标进化算法（Multi-source Mating Selection based Multi-objec‐tive Evolutionary Algorithms, MMSEA)。
en-us	This work proposes a multi-source mating selection based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MMSEA).

zh-cn	在 MMSEA 算法中，谱聚类被用来挖掘种群规则特性，基于所获得的种群结构化信息设计了一种多源交配选择重组算子来引导算法搜索，通过为每个个体设置多个交配选择源，在利用相似个体重组加速算法收敛的同时较好地保持了种群的多样性。
en-us	In MMSEA, the spectral clustering algorithm is used to exploit the property of the multi-objective optimization problems. Based on the obtained population structure information, a multi-source mating selection strategy is designed to guide the algorithm search. The convergence of the algorithm is accelerated and the diversity of the population is maintained by setting multiple mating selections for each individual and using similar-based reproduction.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，所提重组算子可以有效提升算法性能，将MMSEA与多种主流的多目标进化算法进行实验对比研究与参数灵敏度分析的结果表明，MMSEA在求解具有复杂特性的典型多目标优化问题测试集时表现出较强的竞争力。
en-us	The experimental results show that the proposed reproduction operator can effectively improve the performance of the algorithm. MMSEA is experimentally compared with variety of mainstream multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, and parameter sensitivity is also performed. In these experiments, MMSEA demonstrates strong competitiveness over the other approaches in solving typical multi-objective optimization problems with complex characteristics.

zh-cn	时间反转传输技术通过利用多径传输实现信号能量在空间和时间上的聚集，具有天然的抗窃听特性。
en-us	By using the multi-path of wireless channels, time reversal (TR) transmission technology can focus the signal energy in a desired spatial and temporal point, so it has natural anti-eavesdropping capability.

zh-cn	本文在多输入单输出（Mingle-Input Single-Output，MISO）时间反转物理层安全传输系统中，在常规的发送预滤波器前增加一个所有天线共用的预均衡器，并针对保密速率最大化进行优化。
en-us	In this paper, a pre-equalizer shared by all antennas is added in front of the conventional pre-filters at the transmitter for a TR multiple-input single-output system. The optimization of the pre-equalizer is carried out for the maximization of secrecy rate.

zh-cn	相比较联合优化所有预滤波器的方案，优化预均衡器的复杂度明显更低。
en-us	Compared with the joint optimization for the all pre-filters, the complexity of optimization for the pre-equalizer is significantly lower.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，针对安全传输优化的预均衡时间反转系统，在配备 4根发送天线、上采样因子为1时高发送功率下的可达保密速率比常规时间反转传输系统约高2倍，且天线数目越多，上采样因子越大，性能优势越明显。
en-us	The simulation results show that the security rate of the pre-equalized TR system optimized for secure transmission is about twotimes higher than that of the conventional TR transmission system at high transmission power with four transmitting antennas and one up sampling factor. And the more the number of antennas, the larger the up sampling factor, the more obvious the performance advantage.

zh-cn	目前 GLV/GLS（Gallant，Lambert，Vanstone / Galbraith, Lin, Scott）标量乘算法的研究主要集中在 Weierstrass 曲线上，尝试寻找和构造更多或者更高次数的可有效计算的自同态。
en-us	At present, GLV/GLS scalar multiplication mainly focuses on the Weierstrass curves, attempting to find and construct more and more efficient computable endomorphism.

zh-cn	本文主要研究了 Jacobi Quartic 曲线上GLV/GLS 标量乘算法。
en-us	In this paper, we study the applications of GLV/GLS method on Jacobi Quartic curve.

zh-cn	首先利用曲线之间的双有理等价，给出了该类曲线在素域上可有效计算自同态的具体构造，得到 2 维 GLV 方法。
en-us	Firstly, we present the concrete construction of efficiently computable endomorphism for this type of curves over prime field by exploiting birational equivalence between curves, and obtain 2-dimensional GLV method.

zh-cn	然后考虑椭圆曲线的二次扭曲线，利用曲线之间双有理等价和 Frobenius 映射，给出了该类曲线在二次扩域上可有效计算自同态的具体构造，得到 2 维 GLS 方法。
en-us	Secondly, we consider the quadratic twists of elliptic curves. By using birational equivalence and Frobenius mapping between curves, we present methods to construct efficiently computable endomorphisms of this type of curves over the quadratic extension field, and obtain a 2-dimensional GLS method.

zh-cn	最后针对 j 不变量为 0 或 1728 两类特殊形式的椭圆曲线，利用更高次的扭曲线，得到 4 维 GLV 方法。
en-us	Finally, we obtain the 4-dimensional GLV method on elliptic curves with j-invariant 0 or 1728 by using higher degree twists.

zh-cn	实验结果表明：对于 Jacobi Quartic 曲线，2 维 GLV 方法和 4 维 GLV 方法比 5-NAF 方法分别提速 37.2% 和 109.4% 以上。
en-us	The experimental results show that the speed ups of 2-dimensional GLV method and 4-dimensional GLV method than 5-NAF method exceed 37.2% and 109.4% for Jacobi Quartic curves respectively.

zh-cn	同时，在三种不同的实现方式下，Jacobi Quartic 曲线上标量乘效率都优于Weierstrass 曲线。
en-us	At the same time, under the three implementations above, the scalar multiplication on the Jacobi Quartic curves is always more efficient than that on the Weierstrass curves.

zh-cn	为有效抑制雷达波形的脉冲压缩旁瓣水平，提高雷达弱目标检测和成像性能，本文提出了雷达波形和滤波器联合设计抑制脉冲压缩旁瓣水平的方法，建立了雷达波形和滤波器联合设计数学模型，基于分块坐标下降方法分解了联合设计问题，提出了一种联合优化算法，将该方法扩展到了正交波形和滤波器组设计，并提出一种并行优化的联合设计方法。
en-us	This paper presents a method by jointly designing the transmitted waveform and mismatched filter to suppress the pulse compression sidelobe level, thereby improving the detection and imaging performance of weak target. A waveform and mismatched filter joint design algorithm is proposed based on block-coordinate-descent optimization framework.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，本文方法比传统方法具有更快的运行速度。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional joint design method in terms of running time.

zh-cn	该方法可有效扩展至正交波形和滤波器组设计问题。
en-us	Besides, the design scheme is extended to orthogonal waveform set and mismatched filter bank design.

zh-cn	自然界植物形态的描述是近现代的一个热门话题。
en-us	The description of plants appearance in nature is a hot topic in modern times.

zh-cn	若以图片的形式去保存一副植物图形的信息，图形的精细程度取决于图片的存储格式和占用空间的大小，且难以实现对图形进行整体上的改动。
en-us	If save a plant graphics information in the form of a picture, the fineness of graphics depends on the storage format of the image and the amount of spaceit takes up. And it's very difficult to realize the change to the graphics as a whole.

zh-cn	用计算机语言对植物形态建模可仅用几十个数值计算并得出植物图形，并且可以很简单的对整体图形进行修改。
en-us	By utilizing the computer language to model plant morphology can calculate and get plant graphics with only dozens of numerical, and it is easy to modify the whole graph.

zh-cn	植物形态建模领域中，分形几何可利用图形的自相似性更好地描绘自然界植物形态，与分形几何同为非线性领域的混沌理论在自然界事物描述中同样占有着重要地位。
en-us	In the field of plant appearance modeling, fractal geometry can use the self-similarity of graphs to describe the natural appearance of plants better. Chaos theory, which is nonlinear as same as fractal geometry, also plays an important role in the description of natural objects.

zh-cn	为了提升事物绘制的精细程度和生动性，该文章提出一种基于分形几何与混沌理论的植物形态建模算法。
en-us	To improve the precision of object rendering, this paper proposed a plant morphology modeling algorithm based on theory of the fractal geometry and chaos.

zh-cn	在分形几何运算时利用非线性科学中的混沌的不确定性，设定进入周期轨道的概率并根据概率随机进入周期轨道进行运算。
en-us	The uncertainty of chaos is utilized to the operation of fractal geometry. The probabilities of entering a periodic orbit are set. And then the system does the calculations based on the periodic orbitals that come in.

zh-cn	通过绘制一颗基本树图形并通过调整参数实现形态的改变以验证算法的可行性，实验结果表明，本算法绘制的植物形态图形接近自然中的真实事物图形，适用于描述自然界事物图形。
en-us	A basic tree graph is drawn by this algorithm, and the thickness of tree trunk, the height of branch and density of tree are adjusted by adjusting the parameters in the affine transformation matrix, which verifies the feasibility of the algorithm. The experimental results demonstrated that the graph of plant drawn by this algorithm is close to the real object in nature and the algorithm is suitable for describing the object in nature.

zh-cn	针对平行分层海域中电偶极子源的定位问题，提出利用三个电场强度传感器同时确定场源位置、场源强度及分界面方位共 9 个参量的方法。
en-us	Aiming at the location of electric dipole sources in parallel layered seas, a method of using three electric field intensity sensors to simultaneously determine the field source position, electric dipole moment, and interface orientation is proposed.

zh-cn	首先借助镜像法及边界条件推导了三层平行分层海域中电偶极子源在海水中产生电场强度的矩阵表达式，引入场强传递矩阵，然后通过传递矩阵求逆的方法消除电偶极子源的偶极矩参数，得到以电偶极子源位置及分界面方位为未知量的非线性方程组，将待确定的 9个未知参数减少为 6个待拟合量，并通过拟合的方法得到电偶极子源位置和分界面方位的最优解。
en-us	First, the matrix expressions of electric field strength generated by electric dipole sources in three layers ofparallel and layered seas in seawater were derived by using the mirror method and boundary conditions. The field strength transfer matrix was introduced, and the electric dipoles were eliminated by the inversion of the transfer matrix. The parameters of the dipole moments of the sub-sources are used to obtain a set of nonlinear equations in which the position of the electric dipole source and the orientation of the interface are unknown. The 9 unknown parameters to be determined are reduced to 6 quantities to be fitted, and the optimal solution of the electric dipole source position and interface orientation is obtained through the fitting method.

zh-cn	最后通过仿真算例检验所提方法的有效性。
en-us	Finally, the validity of the proposed method is verified by simulation examples.

zh-cn	结果表明，该定位方法在一定条件下可以较精确地确定场源位置、分界面方位。
en-us	The results show that the localization method can accurately determine the position of the field source and the orientation of the interface under certain conditions.

zh-cn	该方法经适当完善还可以应用于鱼雷等水下航行器的制导过程。
en-us	The method can also be applied to torpedo guidance process after proper improvement.

zh-cn	针对合成孔径雷达（Synthetic Aperture Radar，SAR）图像中飞机目标散射点离散化程度高，周围背景干扰复杂，现有算法对飞机浅层语义特征表征能力弱等问题，本文提出了基于注意力特征融合网络（Attention Feature Fu⁃sion Network，AFFN）的 SAR 图像飞机目标检测算法。
en-us	Aiming at the problems of high discretization of aircraft's back scattering points, complex background interference of surroundings in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images and weak representation of shallow semantic features of aircraft by existing algorithms, an Attention Feature Fusion Network (AFFN) was proposed for aircraft detection in SAR images.

zh-cn	通过引入瓶颈注意力模块（Bottleneck Attention Module，BAM），本文在 AFFN 中构建了包含注意力双向特征融合模块（Attention Bidirectional Feature Fusion Module，ABFFM）与注意力传输连接模块（Attention Transfer Connection Block，ATCB）的注意力特征融合策略并合理优化了网络结构，提升了算法对飞机离散化散射点浅层语义特征的提取与判别。
en-us	By introducing Bottleneck Attention Module (BAM), this article constructed an attention feature fusion strategy consisting of Attention Bidirectional Feature Fusion Module (ABFFM) and Attention Transfer Connection Block (ATCB) in AFFN, and rationally optimized the network structure so as to strengthen the abilities of extracting and discriminating shallow semantic features of aircraft.

zh-cn	基于自建的 Gaofen-3 与 TerraSAR-X 卫星图像混合飞机目标实测数据集，实验对 AFFN 与基于深度学习的通用目标检测以及 SAR 图像特定目标检测算法进行了比较，其结果验证了 AFFN对SAR图像飞机目标检测的准确性与高效性。
en-us	Based on a self-built Gaofen-3 and TerraSAR-X mixed aircraft dataset, AFFN was compared with several CNN-based general object detection methods and methods designed for specific objects in SAR images. The experimental results illustrated the accuracy and effectiveness of our method for aircraft detection in SAR images.

zh-cn	针对循环生成对抗网络 CycleGAN（Cycle Generative Adversarial Networks）在光学图像迁移生成水下小目标合成孔径声纳图像过程中存在质量差和速度慢的问题，本文提出一种新的特征提取单元 SDK（Selective DilatedKernel），并利用 SDK 设计了一个新的生成器网络 SDKNet。
en-us	The original CycleGAN show poor quality and time consuming in optical image to underwater small target synthetic aperture sonar image translation task. To address those problems, a novel convolution building block, SDK (Selective Dilated Kernel), is proposed. By stacking SDK blocks, a generator SDKNet is created.

zh-cn	与此同时，提出了一种新的循环一致损失函数 MS-CCLF（Multiscale Cyclic Consistent Loss Function），MS-CCLF 增加了图像多尺度结构相似性约束。
en-us	At the same time, Multiscale Cycle Consistent Loss Function (MS-CCLF) is proposed, which add the Multiscale Structural Similarity Index (MS-SSIM) between input images and reconstructed images.

zh-cn	在自建的图像迁移数据集OPT-SAS 上，本文 SM-CycleGAN（Selective and Multiscale Cycle Generative Adversarial Networks）比原始 CycleGAN 的图像迁移质量提升 4.64%，生成器网络参数降低 4.13MB, 运算时间减少 0.143s。
en-us	On our image translation dataset (OPT-SAS), the classification accuracy of our SM-CycleGAN is 4.64% higher than that of original CycleGAN. The generator parameters of SM-CycleGAN is 4.13MB lower than that of CycleGAN, and the time consuming of SM-CycleGAN is 0.143s less than that of CycleGAN.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，SM-CycleGAN 更适合水下小目标光学图像到合成孔径声纳图像的迁移任务。
en-us	The experimental results show that SM -CycleGAN is more suitable for the translation task of optical image to small underwater target synthetic aperture sonar image.

zh-cn	北斗二代民用 D2 导航电文（BeiDou-Civil Navigation Message-D2, B-CNAV-D2）信息在开放的信道中传输，缺乏完整性保护机制，面临信息被伪造和篡改的威胁，容易遭受欺骗攻击。
en-us	The Beidou II civil navigation message D2(B-CNAV-D2) in Beidou navigation satellite system (BDS) are transmitted in an open channel without integrity protection, facing the threat of information being tampered and falsified, and vulnerable to spoofing attacks.

zh-cn	为了保障 B-CNAV-D2信息的完整、真实和可用，本文在分析 B-CNAV-D2信息组成结构的基础上，设计了基于身份签名体制的北斗二代民用 D2导航电文信息认证协议。
en-us	In order to guarantee the integrity, authenticity and availability of B-CNAV-D2 information, based on the analysis of the composition structure of B-CNAV-D2, this paper presents an authentication protocol based on the identity signature to provide B-CNAV-D2 information source authentication and integrity protection.

zh-cn	该协议提供信息源认证和信息完整性保护，实现 B-CNAV-D2信息防篡改和防伪冒的功能。
en-us	The authentication protocol is designed to achieve the functions of anti-tampering and anti-spoofing for B-CNAV-D2.

zh-cn	B-CNAV-D2信息认证协议可以有效地减少传统签名认证方案中数字证书分发和更新等处理环节，提高认证协议的整体效率和认证效率，拥有较好的认证时效性与较低的计算成本和通信成本。
en-us	The application of authentication protocol in B-CNAV-D2 can effectively reduce the processing steps of digital certificate distribution and update in traditional signature authentication schemes, improve the overall efficiency and authentication efficiency, and has better performance in authentication timeliness, and lower computing and communication costs.

zh-cn	针对樽海鞘群算法寻优迭代过程中存在容易陷入局部最优、收敛速度慢的问题，提出一种改进的樽海鞘群算法。
en-us	To solve the problems of local optimization and slow convergence in the process of optimization and iteration, the paper proposed an improved optimization algorithm for a salp swarm, i.e, step-by-step tent chaos simulated annealing salp swarm algorithm (STSA-SSA).

zh-cn	引入Tent混沌映射初始化种群来提高算法迭代前期的收敛速度，通过惯性权值“阶梯式”调整策略来更好地兼顾算法全局探索能力和局部开发能力，通过模拟退火增强樽海鞘群算法迭代后期跳出局部最优解的能力，以基准测试函数和磁导航自动导引车模糊控制器参数寻优问题为例测试了算法性能。
en-us	Firstly, an initial population of Tent chaotic map was introduced to enhance the algorithm convergence at the early stage of iteration, and a step adjustment strategy of inertia weights was employed to improve the global and local exploring ability of the STSA-SSA. Then, the ability of escaping local optimal solutions of the STSA-SSA at the later stage of iterations was increased by a simulated annealing policy. Finally, the performance of the STSA-SSA was tested in the processes of optimizing the parameters of benchmark functions and a fuzzy controller a magnetic navigation automated guided vehicle (AGV).

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，对于单峰和多峰测试函数，改进后的樽海鞘群算法具有更快的收敛速度和更强的全局寻优能力。
en-us	The results show that for the single peak and multi peak test functions, the STSA-SSA has faster convergence speed and stronger global optimization ability.

zh-cn	相比较标准樽海鞘群算法的参数调节法，改进后的樽海鞘群算法所设计的磁导航自动导引车模糊控制器对磁偏差值控制性能更为优化，在控制器设计方面具有潜在的应用价值。
en-us	Compared with SSA, the fuzzy controller of the magnetic navigation AGV designed by STSA-SSA is more optimized. Therefore, the STSA-SSA has a potential engineering application value in controller designs.

zh-cn	本文提出一种增强人工蜂群算法（Enhanced Artificial Bee Colony，EABC），用于最小化半导体最终测试调度问题（Semiconductor Final Testing Scheduling Problem，SFTSP）的最大完工时间。
en-us	This paper proposed an enhanced artificial bee colony algorithm (EABC) to minimize the maximum completion time of the semiconductor final test scheduling problem (SFTSP).

zh-cn	该算法采用混合启发式方法初始化种群，并利用前插式解码策略来提高初始解的质量。
en-us	EABC used hybrid heuristic methods to initialize the population, and used forward interpolation decoding strategies to improve the quality of the initial solution.

zh-cn	在算法搜索阶段设计多种基于问题性质的探索策略和基于贝叶斯网络的概率模型对问题解空间进行深度与宽度的协同搜索。
en-us	A variety of exploration strategies based on the problem features and a Bayesian network‑based probability model were designed to conduct a depth and width search of the problem solution space.

zh-cn	此外，提出基于重启策略的种群更新机制以加强算法跳出局部最优的能力。
en-us	In addition, a population update mechanism based on the restart strategy was proposed to strengthen the algorithm's ability to jump out of the local optimum.

zh-cn	实验部分构造多种对比算法来验证 EABC 中各关键环节的有效性。
en-us	In the experimental part, multiple comparison algorithms were constructed to verify the effectiveness of the EABC's key components.

zh-cn	通过基于实例的数值仿真以及与 NFOA（Novel Fruit fly Optimization Algorithm）、KMEA（Knowledge‑based Multi‑agent Evolu‐tionary Algorithm）和 CCIWO（Cooperative Co‑evolutionary Invasive Weed Optimization）的算法比较验证了 EABC 的有效性和鲁棒性。
en-us	Simulation results based on some instances and comparisons with NFOA (Novel Fruit fly Optimization Algorithm), KMEA (Knowledge‑basedMulti‑agent Evolutionary Algorithm) and CCIWO (Cooperative Co‑evolutionary Invasive Weed Optimization) demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm.

zh-cn	本文提出了一种基于同步电荷提取的高效多压电能俘获电路（High Efficiency Multi-piezoelectric EnergyHarvesting Circuit Based on Synchronous Electric Charge Extraction, EM-SECE)。
en-us	In this paper, a high efficiency multi-piezoelectric harvesting circuit based on synchronous charge extraction (EM-SECE) is presented.

zh-cn	所提出的电路利用改进的正负峰值检测结构，减小了压电元件(Piezoelectric Transducer , PZT)达到电压峰值处和开关动作之间的相位差，从而提高了单个压电元件的能量收集效率。
en-us	The proposed circuit utilizes an improved positive and negative peak detection structure so that the phase difference between the peak voltage of the piezoelectric transducer and the switching action is reduced, and then the energy harvesting efficiency of the single piezoelectric transducer is improved.

zh-cn	并且利用单电感的时分复用，实现基于单电感的多个压电元件振动能俘获。
en-us	Further, using time division multiplexing of single inductor, multi-piezoelectric energy harvesting is achieved.

zh-cn	所提出电路具有无整流桥结构，且可以实现自供电的特点。
en-us	The proposed circuit is of self-powered characteristic with no rectifying bridge structure。

zh-cn	实验结果表明，相同实验条件下，单压电 EM-SECE 电路的俘获功率为标准能量俘获电路（SEH）最大功率的 3.09 倍;
en-us	The experimental results show that under the same experimental condition, the harvesting power of the EM-SECE circuit for single piezoelectric transducer is 3.09 times than the maximum power of the standard energy harvesting circuit;

zh-cn	在仅用一个电感的情况下，双压电 EM-SECE 电路的俘获功率为两个单压电 EM-SECE电路之和的97%。
en-us	with only one inductor, the harvesting power of the EM-SECE circuit with double piezoelectric transducers is 0.97 times of the harvesting power sum of two piezoelectric transducers.

zh-cn	行人重识别旨在跨监控设备下检索出特定的行人目标 。为捕捉行人图像的多粒度特征进而提高识别精度，基于 OSNet 基准网络提出一种多粒度特征融合网络(Multi-granularity Feature Fusion Network for Person Re-Identi-fication, MFN)进行端对端的学习。
en-us	For the purpose of capturing the multi-granularity features and improving the recognition accuracy, amulti-granularity feature fusion network for person re-identification (MFN) is proposed based on the omist-scale network (OSNet).

zh-cn	MFN 由全局分支、特征擦除分支和局部分支组成，其中特征擦除分支由双通道注意力擦除模型构成，此模型包含通道注意力擦除模块(Channel Attention-based Dropout Moudle, CDM)和空间注意力擦除模块(Spatial Attention-based Dropout Moudle, SDM)。
en-us	The MFN network is composed of a global branch, a feature dropout branch and a local branch. The feature dropout branch consists of a dual-channel attention dropout model, which includes a channel attention-based dropout moudle (CDM) and a Spatial attention-based dropout moudle (SDM).

zh-cn	CDM对通道的注意力强度排序并擦除低注意力通道，SDM在空间维度上以一定概率擦除最具有判别力的特征，两者通过并联方式相互作用，提高模型的识别能力。
en-us	CDM sorts the attention intensity and dropouts low attention channels, and SDM dropouts the most discriminative features with a certain probability in the spatial dimension.

zh-cn	全局分支采用特征金字塔结构提取多尺度特征，局部分支将特征均匀切块后级联成一个单一特征，提取关键局部信息。
en-us	The global branch uses the feature pyramid structure to extract multi-scale features, and the local branch employs a uniform partition strategy to produce local features which are cascaded into a single one for key local information extraction.

zh-cn	大量实验结果表明了本文方法的有效性，在 Market1501、DukeMTMC-reID 和 CUHK03-Labeled(Detected)数据集上，mAP/Rank-1 分别达到了90.1%/95.8%、81.8%/91.4%和80.7%/82.3%(78.7%/81.6%)，大幅优于其他现有方法。
en-us	Experiments on the large scale datasets show the effectiveness of MFN. On the Market1501, DukeMTMC-reID and CUHK03-Labeled (Detected) datasets, mAP/Rank-1 of MFN reaches 90.1%/95.8%, 81.8%/91.4% and 80.7%/82.3% (78.7%/81.6%), which is superior to other existing methods.

zh-cn	为了提高分析信号的信噪比，本文提出了一种基于变分模态分解的变步长归一化最小均方自适应滤波降噪方法。
en-us	To improve the SNR of received signals, a normalized minimum mean square adaptive filtering denoising method based on variational mode decomposition using variable step-size was proposed.

zh-cn	该方法对原信号进行变分模态分解并区分信号分量和噪声分量，再对噪声分量进行间隙阈值降噪处理并将其作为参考信号输入自适应滤波器，通过自适应算法迭代处理得到降噪后的信号分量，并通过重构算法得到最终降噪后的信号。
en-us	The proposed algorithm decomposed the original signal into several components labelled as noise or signal component. Then an interval threshold denoising method was exploited to denoise the noise component before being inputted into an adaptive filter as a reference signal. All the rest signal components were used to reconstruct the final denoised signal after being denoised by iterative adaptive filters.

zh-cn	本文还在变分模态分解的基础上使用小波阈值降噪和间隙阈值降噪方法按不同方案进行降噪处理并得到最佳算法。
en-us	In addition, an optimal algorithm based on variational mode decomposition using wavelet threshold denoising and interval threshold denoising methods was exploited.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，本文所提自适应滤波降噪方法的降噪效果比阈值降噪最佳方法效果更好。
en-us	Experimental results show that the proposed adaptive filtering denoising method outperforms the optimal algorithm using threshold denoising.

zh-cn	针对低压配电网箱表关系存在人工核查成本高、异常案例少、难以实现异常规律捕获的问题，采用极端不平衡分类学习方法实现低压异常箱表关系识别的泛化应用推广。
en-us	Due to high labor cost and few abnormal cases of power box-table relations inspection, which is difficult to obtain the law. The extreme unbalanced classification learning method was used to capture the generalization.

zh-cn	通过电压原理识别出部分异常箱表关系样本集，随后构建CNN（卷积神经网络）异常箱表关系识别模型，通过样本三分类赋权值实现类别均衡处理；
en-us	Through the principle of voltage, abnormal box-table relationship sample sets were identified. And by three-class weighting balance, the CNN (convolutional neural network) abnormal box-table relationship recognition model was constructed.

zh-cn	并在模型推广应用过程中，采用强化学习实现离线模型的在线泛化学习，并以分组模型交互学习和竞争优化的方式筛选出最优泛化识别模型。
en-us	In addition, the grouped parallel generalization learning of recognition model was realized by reinforcement learning.

zh-cn	实验证明，通过人工核查和数据反馈，该方法可实现模型对异常样本数据分布规律的自拟合学习，提高模型对不同应用环境的泛化性，进一步降低人工现场核查工作量，保障低压台区用户拓扑网络关系的准确性。
en-us	The experiment proves that, through self-learning the distribution of newly identified abnormal sample data, which improve the generalization to different environments. This reduces the workload of manual on-site verification and ensures the accuracy of the topology network relationship in the low-voltage station area.

zh-cn	为提高具有帧间位移平移特性的视频图像的信噪比和去噪时效，本文提出了基于非局部自相似序列集的视频图像盲去噪算法。
en-us	A blind video image denoising algorithm based on non-local self-similar series sets is proposed to improve the peak signal-to-noise ratio and denoising efficiency of video images with displacement characteristics.

zh-cn	选取与待去噪视频图像前后相邻的若干图像帧，在每一图像帧中寻找具有典型特征的图像块群，并通过在前一帧图像中查找和该图像块群具有最小差异度的块群来确定帧间的精确位移；
en-us	Image block-groups with typical features are detected in each frame, and accurate inter-frame displacement between the image and previous frame is computed based on image block-matching.

zh-cn	将待去噪视频图像划分成若干图像块，根据帧间位移快速构建每个图像块的自相似序列集；
en-us	The noise image is divided into several image blocks, and the self-similar series set of each image blocks is constructed quickly according to the inter-frame displacement.

zh-cn	随后将每个自相似序列集中的二维图像块整合成三维矩阵后进行三维变换，并对变换系数进行自适应阈值处理；
en-us	A 3D transform is applied to the self-similar series set, followed by an adaptive-threshold of the transform coefficients to attenuate the noise.

zh-cn	再将三维逆变换后的图像块融合生成去噪图像。
en-us	The 3D estimate after inverse 3D transformation are aggregated to obtain the finial image.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，在噪声方差未知的情况下，本文算法所得去噪视频图像具有较好的信噪比和视觉效果，并且有较高的运行效率。
en-us	Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has significate advantages in PSNR and visual effect in unknown noise variance, meanwhile it also has higher efficiency.

zh-cn	针对多个虚拟网络请求(Virtual Network Request, VNR)动态到达的网络场景，本文提出一种基于成本及功耗联合优化的软件定义网络(Software-Defined Networking, SDN)虚拟网络映射（Virtual Network Embedding, VNE）算法。
en-us	For the network scenario where multiple virtual network requests (VNRs) arrive dynamically, a cost and power consumption joint optimization based virtual network embedding (VNE) algorithm was proposed for software-d⁃fined networking (SDN).

zh-cn	仿真结果表明分层路由方案相对于现有单层逐跳式路由方案能够提高大约 77.6% 密钥资源利用率，同时缩短一半密钥服务延时．
en-us	Based on the evaluation of the cost and power consumption required for embedding virtual nodes and links, the cost function of VNE was formulated. Under the constraints of resource requirements, the VNE problem was formulated as cost function minimization problem.

zh-cn	继而针对特定时间窗内的 VNR，将其转换为虚拟节点映射子问题和虚拟链路映射子问题，并应用启发式算法对两个子问题分别进行求解，从而确定 VNR映射策略。
en-us	A time window-based batch embedding strategy was proposed to dynamically process online VNRs。 The VNR in certain time window was transformed into virtual node embedding subproblem and virtual link embedding subproblem, and the corresponding heuristic algorithms were proposed, respectively.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提算法能显著减少VNE成本及功耗，提高VNR接受率。
en-us	Simulation results showed that the proposed algorithm reduced the cost and power consumption of VNRs, and improved the acceptance ratio of VNRs.

zh-cn	动态蛋白质网络的构建和复合物挖掘问题是目前研究的热点。
en-us	Dynamic protein network construction and complex mining problem is a hot topic.