zh-cn	然后采用 Kriging 插值法补全 2 维网格划分中的未采样区域的位置指纹信息。
en-us	Then, the Kriging interpolation is used to complete the position fingerprint information of the un-sampled area in the two-dimensional meshing.

zh-cn	最后综合采样点与插值点的位置指纹信息建立矿井工人指纹信息数据库，为后续矿井工人指纹定位奠定基础。
en-us	Finally, the fingerprint location database of the mine workers is established by integrating the location fingerprint information of the sampling points and the interpolation points, laying the foundation for the follow-up mine workers' fingerprint location.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该文算法在减少数据采集工作量的同时保证了算法的可行性与有效性，且在进行位置指纹定位时能够保证较高的精度。
en-us	The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the workload of data acquisition while ensuring the feasibility and the effectiveness of the algorithm and can guarantee high accuracy when positioning is performed through the location fingerprint.

zh-cn	针对复杂场景中的 SAR 目标鉴别问题，该文提出一种基于多特征融合词包(Bag-of-Words,  Bo W)模型的SAR 目标鉴别算法。
en-us	In order to solve the SAR target discrimination problem in the real complex scenes, a SAR target discrimination method is proposed based on Bag-of-Words (BoW) model with multiple low-level features fusion.

zh-cn	在 Bo W 模型底层特征提取阶段，算法采用 SAR-SIFT 特征描述局部区域的形状信息；
en-us	In the low-level feature extraction stage of BoW model, the SAR-SIFT feature is utilized to describe the shape information of local regions of an image sample.

zh-cn	同时，采用该文基于传统鉴别特征提出的一组新的 SAR 图像局部特征描述局部区域的对比度信息和纹理信息。
en-us	And also, a set of new local descriptors is used to capture the contrast information and the texture information of the local regions, which is extracted based on the traditional target discrimination features.

zh-cn	对于 Bo W模型中多个底层特征的融合，算法采用图像层的特征融合方式生成图像的全局鉴别特征，其中各单底层特征 Bo W模型特征的权系数通过 L2 范数约束的多核学习方法训练得到。
en-us	For the fusion of different low-level features in BoW model, the image-level feature fusion strategy is implemented to generate the image global feature, which is realized by the Multiple Kernel Learning (MKL) method with L2-norm regularization.

zh-cn	在 Mini SAR 实测 SAR 图像数据上的目标鉴别实验表明，与基于传统鉴别特征以及单底层特征 Bo W 模型特征的鉴别算法相比较，该文基于多特征融合 Bo W 模型 SAR目标鉴别算法具有更好的鉴别性能。
en-us	Experimental results with the MiniSAR real SAR dataset show that the proposed SAR target discrimination algorithm based on BoW model with multi-feature fusion achieves better discrimination performance compared with methods based on the traditional discrimination features and the BoW model features using single low-level descriptor.

zh-cn	多控制器负载均衡是 SDN 网络部署研究中关注的问题之一。
en-us	Load balancing of multiple controllers is currently a focused issue in the research area of Software Defined Networking (SDN) deployment.

zh-cn	该文针对多控制器间负载均衡的时间效率问题，提出一种基于负载通告策略的负载均衡机制(LILB)。
en-us	Considering the issue of time efficiency of load balancing, this paper proposes a Load Balancing mechanism based on a Load Informing strategy (LILB).

zh-cn	该机制包括负载测量、负载通告、均衡决策和交换机迁移 4 个核心功能组件。
en-us	The mechanism involves four components: load measurement, load informing, balance decision and switch migration.

zh-cn	借助于负载通告的能力，每个控制器可以在过载后无需收集其他控制器的负载信息而尽快完成均衡决策。
en-us	Due to the function of load informing component, when a controller becomes overloaded, it can make load balance decisions without collecting other controllers' load information.

zh-cn	为了减少负载通告带来的通信负荷和处理负荷，该文提出一个抑制算法来降低负载通告的频率。
en-us	To reduce the communication overload and processing overhead caused by load informing component, this paper also proposes an inhibition algorithm to lower the frequency of informing load information.

zh-cn	此外，该文还提出了最重过载控制器、迁移交换机和目标控制器的决策方法，以及目标控制器接受迁移请求的判定策略来避免控制器的负载震荡；
en-us	Moreover, this paper designs some decision methods of judging overloaded controllers, migrated switches, target controllers, and a judge about accepting a migration request for target controllers to avoid the load oscillation among controllers.

zh-cn	并为支持交换机迁移过程中控制器角色的平滑切换设计了一种交换机迁移的消息交互机制。
en-us	Meanwhile, to achieve the smooth switching of controllers' roles during migrating switches, an information interaction procedure is also designed.

zh-cn	最后，在基于 Floodlight 和 Mininet 的实验环境中验证了所提出方法的有效性。
en-us	Finally, experiments are carried out based on Floodlight and Mininet to verify the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed mechanism.

zh-cn	现有跳频信号参数估计算法大多没有考虑跳频信号的结构特性，在低信噪比下存在计算复杂度高或估计精度低的缺点，针对这一问题，该文提出一种基于滑窗和原子字典的压缩域跳频信号参数估计算法。
en-us	Most existing parameter estimation algorithms for Frequency Hopping (FH) signal do not consider the structural characteristics of FH signals, and have the disadvantages of high computational complexity or low estimation accuracy in low signal-to-noise ratio circumstance. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a parameter estimation algorithm for frequency hopping signal in compressed domain based on sliding window and atomic dictionary.

zh-cn	用滑窗法对所处理的跳频信号进行整周期滑动压缩采样，粗略估计出跳频信号的跳变时刻，以块对角化的傅里叶正交基作为稀疏基精确估计出跳变前后的频率，在此基础上构建可以表示跳频信号局部时频特性的原子字典，通过匹配追踪算法准确估计出跳频信号的跳变时刻。
en-us	The frequency hopping signal is acquired by sliding compression sampling, and hopping time is roughly estimated with sliding window method. The Fourier orthogonal basis of block diagonalization is used as sparse basis to estimate the frequency of the signal. An atomic dictionary, which can represent the local time-frequency characteristics of the frequency hopping signal, is constructed based on the estimated frequency and rough hopping time. Then the hopping time can be estimated accurately by the matching pursuit algorithm.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该算法在显著降低信号采样数据量和计算复杂度的同时，保持了跳频信号参数的高精度估计。
en-us	Simulation results show that this algorithm can significantly reduce the sampling data and computational complexity, while maintaining the high accuracy estimation.

zh-cn	在复杂场景下，为了更好地提升跟踪的鲁棒性，基于局部的相似度测量得到了广泛应用。
en-us	The  local similarity measurements are usually used for improving the tracking robustness  under the complex scene.

zh-cn	然而，局部遮挡，形变和光照变化等场景的复杂性，基于传统局部相似度测量的目标跟踪存在很大缺点，例如，在跟踪过程中，仅仅依靠目标和模板的匹配度容易造成跟踪的偏移现象。
en-us	However, this method have drawbacks in cases of partial occlusion, deformation and rotation. For example, the method only considers traditional similarity measurements of targets and templates, results in the matching errors to lead to tracking failure.

zh-cn	鉴于此，该文提出一种基于局部差别性相似度测量的目标跟踪算法。
en-us	In this paper, a target tracking algorithm is proposed based on measurements of the local difference similarities.

zh-cn	首先，以目标-背景的差异性，形成相似性和差异性相结合的局部判别性相似度测量；
en-us	firstly, both similarities and differences are considered for measurement;

zh-cn	其次，基于子块在视频序列中的差异性，对子块进行差异性学习，以提高跟踪的准确性。
en-us	secondly, the differential weight learning of the local region is carried out to improve the accuracy of sub-block difference measurement;

zh-cn	最后，在粒子滤波框架下，基于差别性局部区域测量构建了一种有效的目标跟踪算法。
en-us	at last, an effective and efficient tracker is designed based on the difference analysis and a simple update manner within the particle filter framework.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，在复杂图像序列中，该算法实现了目标的准确跟踪，并在光照变化、旋转、缩放和遮挡等方面具有较好的效果。
en-us	Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves better performance than traditional competing methods in various factors, such as illumination changes, part occlusion, scale changes and so on.

zh-cn	针对老年人跌倒检测的准确性和实时性需求，该文首先建立了基于姿态角的活动描述模型，研发了集成加速度传感器、陀螺仪和蓝牙的活动感知模块，从而实时采集运动变化数据并使用蓝牙发送到智能手机。
en-us	According to the accurate and real-time requirement for fall detection. An activity model based on attitude angles is firstly established. A sensor board integrated with trial-axil accelerator and gyroscope is developed, which can capture the accelerations and angular velocities of human activities and transmit them to a smart phone by Bluetooth. Secondly, the three-dimensional attitude angle and acceleration signal vector magnitude are selected as features for fall detection.

zh-cn	其次，选取姿态角及加速度信号向量模作为特征量，通过卡尔曼滤波对数据进行去噪与融合，并应用滑动窗口和 k-NN 算法实现了可实时感知老年人跌倒并报警的系统。
en-us	The collected data is preprocessed using Kalman filter to reduce noise and enhance the precision of attitude angle calculation. The k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) algorithm and appropriate sliding window are introduced to develop the fall detection and alert system.

zh-cn	实验证明系统在二分类场景下的跌倒检测准确率为 98.9%，而敏感度和特异性分别达到 98.9%和 98.5%，验证了系统具有良好的实时性和较高的准确率。
en-us	At last, the experimental results show that the system discriminates falls from the activities of daily living with accuracy of 98.9%, while the sensitivity and specificity are 98.9%, and 98.5% respectively. It proves that the method has favorable accuracy and reliability.

zh-cn	现代生活普遍压力较大，容易引起消极痛苦的应激，导致不良情绪甚至滋生各类慢性病。
en-us	In modern life, high stress causes negative emotions and even leads to various chronic diseases.

zh-cn	心理专家需要了解个体的压力状态，从而开展对应性心理疏导和治疗。
en-us	Psychologists need to understand the stress state of the individual in order to facilitate the corresponding psychological treatment.

zh-cn	传统心理学自评法存在一定的主观性；基于生理多导仪的压力状态评估法，受设备体积所限无法用于日常压力状态评估。
en-us	The traditional method of self-evaluation in psychology contains some subjectivity, while the method based on physiological polygraph can not be used in daily stress assessment because of the volume of equipment.

zh-cn	针对上述问题，该文采用可穿戴式传感设备实时采集个体生理信号，利用心理和生理的伴生关系，对个体的心理压力进行长期实时评估。
en-us	For these reasons, a wearable device is used to collect the physiological signals and an assessment of the individual's stress is made according to the associated relationship between the psychological and physiological.

zh-cn	同时通过蒙特利尔影像应激实验(MIST)诱发出被试平静、轻微及高度压力 3 种压力状态，此实验范式同时包含认知负荷精神压力因素与社会评价心理压力因素，与日常真实生活更为接近。
en-us	The Montreal Imaging Stress Task (MIST) is used to induce three states of no, moderate and high stress. The MIST includes both mental and psychosocial stress factors, which is more closing to a real-life condition. The experimental data are collected from 39 healthy subjects.

zh-cn	该文共采集 39 名健康被试的实验数据，通过对数据的特征值提取等预处理，结合随机森林算法对最优特征子集进行选择，采用支持向量机(SVM)分类算法对 3 种压力状态进行分类预测。
en-us	Features are extracted from the data and the random forest is used to select the optimal stress-related feature combination, which is used to train and test the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，通过随机森林特征选择优化后的 SVM 分类，与通用的单一 SVM 分类算法相比，具有更好的分类识别效果，对 3 种压力状态的分类准确率可从 78%提高至 84%。
en-us	Finally, the results show that the combination of random forest feature selection and SVM achieves a better performance. The accuracy is improved from 78% to 84% in the three states' detection.

zh-cn	显著性检测是指自动提取未知场景中符合人类视觉习惯的兴趣目标的方法。
en-us	Saliency detection is to find the most important object automatically according to the human visual in the unknown scene.

zh-cn	为了进一步提高检测的准确性，该文提出了利用鲁棒前景种子的流形排序进行显著性检测的算法。
en-us	For improving the precision of saliency detection, the saliency detection based on robust foreground seeds via manifold ranking is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	首先利用角点检测和边缘连接算法得到两个不同的凸包，用它们的交集初步确立目标区域的大致位置；
en-us	Firstly, the two different convex hulls are got by the Harris corner and boundary connectivity algorithm. And the original object region is defined by the intersection about the above convex hulls.

zh-cn	然后利用凸包外边缘作为标准对凸包内的超像素进行相似度检测，将与大部分外边缘相似的超像素去除，得到更准确的目标样本作为前景种子；
en-us	Secondly, the superpixels in convex hull are done the similarity detection with the outer edge of the convex hull. The superpixels are removed when they are similar to most of the outer edge, and the more precision foreground seeds are got.

zh-cn	利用锚点图构建新的图结构表示数据节点之间的关系；
en-us	Using the anchor graph, a novel graph construction is built to express the relationship between data nodes.

zh-cn	接着通过基于前景和背景种子的流形排序算法对图像所有区域进行排序，并得到两种不同的显著性检测图；
en-us	And then, two different kinds of salient results will be got based on ranking on manifolds using foreground and background seeds respectively.

zh-cn	最后借助代价函数对显著性图进行优化，得到最终的显著性检测结果。
en-us	Finally, the saliency map is got through optimizing a novel cost function.

zh-cn	经实验表明，与几种经典算法对比，该文方法可以进一步提高显著性算法的精确度和召回率。
en-us	Experimental results prove that the proposed algorithm improves the performance evaluation of precision and recall rate further.

zh-cn	针对无线传感器网络多目标跟踪传感器分配问题，考虑传感器能量、带宽、观测距离和通信距离受限，该文提出一种基于势博弈的分布式目标跟踪传感器分配算法。
en-us	Considering the limitation of energy, bandwidth, observation distance and communication distance in the  Wireless  Sensor  Networks  (WSN),  a  distributed  sensor  allocation  algorithm  based  on  potential  game  is proposed to solve the multi-target tracking problem.

zh-cn	算法基于目标预测位置，以几何精度衰减因子作为优化准则，建立了基于邻居合作促进整体最优化的传感器分配局部信息博弈模型，并证明了该模型是一个精确势博弈模型，存在纯策略纳什均衡。
en-us	The predicted coordinate of target and Geometric Dilution Of Precision (GDOP) is used to establish the sensor allocation game modal with local information, and it is proved to be an exact potential game with at least one Nash Equilibrium point.

zh-cn	在此基础上，提出了一种并行最佳响应动态的传感器分配方法，从理论上证明了所提算法只需要传感器与一跳邻居进行信息交互，就能收敛到纳什均衡并且拥有比传统最佳响应动态更快的收敛速度。
en-us	On this basis, a parallel best response dynamic is proposed as the learning algorithm to search the Nash Equilibrium point. It is proved that the learning algorithm can help the game modal converge to a Nash Equilibrium point, and has faster convergence speed than traditional best response dynamic when sensors just communicate with local one-hop neighboring ones.

zh-cn	同时借鉴通信网中的载波侦听多路访问机制，设计了一种完全分布式的决策节点推选机制，更加符合无线传感器网络自组织的特性。
en-us	In addition, a fully distributed decision makers selection mechanism is proposed on the basis of the Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA), which is more satisfied with the self-organizing characteristic.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明所提算法在收敛速度、跟踪精度和能量有效性方面的优势。
en-us	The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has great advantages in convergence speed, tracking accuracy and energy efficiency.

zh-cn	强杂波背景下的弱静止目标检测是机场跑道异物(Foreign Object Debris, FOD)监测雷达面临的关键问题。
en-us	Detection of weak targets in heavy ground clutter is the key issue for Foreign Object Debris (FOD) surveillance radar on airport runways.

zh-cn	该文提出一种基于特征谱特征和最小最大概率机(Minimax Probability Machine, MPM)的 FOD 分层检测算法，首先利用杂波图恒虚警(Constant False Alarm Rate, CFAR)将雷达录取回波中的背景杂波和 FOD 回波(包含虚警)区分开，然后提取特征谱特征将在回波域中差异较小的 FOD 回波和虚警回波转换到区分性更大的特征域，最后利用MPM 分类器实现对 FOD 和虚警的分类，从而达到降低虚警次数的目的。
en-us	A novel hierarchical FOD detection method is proposed based on eigenvalue spectrum feature extraction and Minimax Probability Machine (MPM). The clutter map Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR)  detection algorithm is utilized firstly to categorize radar echoes into two  kinds, i.e., background clutter and the FOD returns (including the false alarm returns). Then eigenvalue spectrum features are extracted to transform the FOD returns and false alarm returns into the feature domain where the FOD and false alarm are more distinguishable. Finally, the MPM classifier is utilized to categorize the FOD and false alarm into different kinds so as to reduce the false alarm rate.

zh-cn	基于实测数据的试验结果表明，所提方法可以获得较好的检测性能。
en-us	Experiments results based on measured data show that the proposed method can achieve good detection performance.

zh-cn	方向调制技术利用多天线发射阵列的空间调制能力在天线端综合出具有方向特性的数字调制信号是近年来物理层安全通信领域研究的热点之一。
en-us	The design of Directional Modulation (DM) signal by a phased array is one of the important topics in the field of physical layer security communication.

zh-cn	该文提出一种基于凸优化的稀疏阵列方向调制信号综合算法。
en-us	In this paper, a synthesis method for synthesis of a sparse array is proposed based on convex optimization.

zh-cn	首先算法建立以阵列稀疏为目标函数以及方向调制信号不同性能要求为约束的非凸优化问题；
en-us	Firstly, a nonconvex optimization problem is formulated associated with some basic metrics of DM signal.

zh-cn	然后针对这个非凸问题，给出了两种不同的求解方案：一种基于迭代加权1l算法，但稀疏算法得到的结果可能存在阵元间距小于半个波长的情况；
en-us	Secondly, two different solutions are presented: one is based on Iterative Reweighted l-norm1 (IRL) resulting in a superdirective array with the interelement spacing less than half-wavelength;

zh-cn	另一种基于混合整数规划，确保稀疏算法得到的阵元间距至少为半个波长；
en-us	the other is based on Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) resulting in a nonsuperdirective array with the interelement spacing more than half-wavelength.

zh-cn	最后在混合整数规划算法的基础上建立以方向调制信号功率利用率为目标的优化问题，优化稀疏阵列方向调制信号发射机的功率利用率。
en-us	Finally, the power efficiency of DM transmitter is optimized based on MIP algorithm.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，相比于与现有的基于均匀等间距直线阵列的方向调制信号综合算法，所提算法在方向调制信号的安全性能、方向调制信号发射机的功率利用率以及阵列的稀疏程度之间具有良好的设计灵活度。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed synthesis method provides greater flexibility of controlling the security performance, power efficiency and sparse level, while at the same time the number of excitations is less than the uniformly spaced linear array in the benchmark problems.

zh-cn	针对基于分块匹配的行人再识别中对分块的规则和大小缺乏指导，以及不同分块间的区分度差异问题，该文提出基于显著度融合的自适应分块行人再识别方法。
en-us	In this paper, an adaptive block person re-identification method based on saliency fusion is proposed to solve the problems of the lack of guidance on the rule and size of block in the block matching-based person re-identification, and the differentiation degree between different blocks.

zh-cn	首先，利用启发式思想确定初始聚类中心，并根据图像内容自动确定分块的大小和数目。
en-us	Firstly, the heuristic idea is used to determine the initial clustering center, and the size and number of blocks are determined automatically according to the image content.

zh-cn	然后，利用归一化部分曲线下面积计算各块的图像间显著度，利用结构化支持向量机学习各块的图像内显著度，并融合两类显著度得到各块的权重作为匹配得分融合的依据。
en-us	Then, the intra-image salience of each block is calculated using the Area Under the normalized partial Curve (pAUC), the intra-image salience of each block is learned by structured SVM, and the weights of each block are fused as the base of matching Score fusion.

zh-cn	实验证明，在常用的行人再识别数据集上，该方法能取得较好的识别结果。
en-us	Experiments show that this method can achieve better recognition results on the commonly used person re-identification data sets.

zh-cn	为了实现含有复杂背景和弱边界图像的快速准确分割，传统的水平集常采用重新初始化的方法，但是这种方法存在计算量大、分割不准确等问题。
en-us	In order to achieve fast and accurate segmentation of images with complicated background and weak boundaries, the re-initialization method is often adopted in the traditional level set function. However, this method has many problems such as large computation and inaccurate segmentation.

zh-cn	因此，结合显著性区域，该文提出一种基于边缘信息与区域局部信息结合的变水平集图像快速分割方法。
en-us	Thus, combined with the saliency detection algorithm, a new image segmentation method of variable level set based on the combination of edge information and regional local information is proposed.

zh-cn	首先用元胞自动机模型检测出图像的显著性区域，得到图像的初始化边界曲线。
en-us	Firstly, the saliency region of the image is detected by the cellular automata model to obtain initial boundary curve of the image.

zh-cn	然后，采用改进的距离正规化水平集演化(Distance Regularized Level Set Evolution, DRLSE)模型把图像的局部信息结合到变分能量方程中，用改进的能量方程去指导曲线的演化。
en-us	Then, an improved distance normalized level  set  evolution  (Distance  Regularized  Level  Set  Evolution,  DRLSE)  model  is  used  to  combine  the  local information of the image into the variational energy equation, and the evolution of the curve is guided by the improved energy equation.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，与 DRLSE 模型相比，提出的算法平均消耗的时间只需要前者的 2.76%，且具有较高的分割准确性。
en-us	Compared with the DRLSE, the experimental results show that the average time of the proposed algorithm only needs 2.76% of the former with further improvements in the accuracy of image segmentation.

zh-cn	心脏疾病是全球发病率和死亡率最高的疾病，心音听诊可以获取心脏的机械特性及结构特征，与超声心动图、核磁共振等无创诊断技术相比具有快速、低成本和操作简单的优势。
en-us	Heart disease is of highest morbidity and mortality. The cardiac structure and mechanical characteristics can be reflected by auscultation. Compared with echocardiography and nuclear magnetic resonance, auscultation gets the advantages of fast, low cost and easy to use.

zh-cn	心音信号成分复杂，容易受到各种噪声和干扰的影响，听诊诊断结果容易受到医生主观性的影响，极大限制了心音听诊的应用。
en-us	The composition of phonocardiogram is complex, and the auscultation is easy to be affected by the subjectivity of the doctor, various noise and disturbances, which limits the application of auscultation.

zh-cn	该文提出一种基于心动周期估计的心音分割及异常心音筛查算法，预先估计了心音的心动周期，存在随机干扰的情况下也可以正确识别信号中80%以上的心动周期，提高了算法的稳定性。
en-us	The algorithm of phonocardiogram segmentation and abnormal phonocardiogram screening is presented. For the reason that the heart cycle is estimated in advance, 80% cardiac cycle can be recognition correctly when random disturbances exist.

zh-cn	同时提出了区分度良好的时域和频域特征指标，利用支持向量机建模，对异常心音的识别率可达 92%。
en-us	The diagnostic indexes of time and frequency domain with high discrimination are also presented, and the abnormal heart sounds are recognized by Support Vector Machine (SVM) with the accuracy about 92%.

zh-cn	算法可辅助医生诊断，或用于家用便携式心音监护设备。
en-us	The algorithm can be used for assisting doctors or portable phonocardiogram monitoring device.

zh-cn	参考信号信杂比(SCR)是评估外辐射源雷达积累增益损失的重要参数。
en-us	Signal-Clutter-Ratio (SCR) in reference channel is an important parameter for the evaluation of integration loss of passive radar.

zh-cn	利用数字电视地面广播(DTTB)辐射源中的 PN 序列进行信杂比估计时，将出现接收信号相对于本地帧头的分数阶时延问题，导致信杂比估计出现严重偏差。
en-us	When PN sequence in the Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcast (DTTB) illuminator is utilized for SCR estimation, there will be the problem of fractional-delay received signal relative to local PN sequence, which leads to a severe deviation of SCR estimation.

zh-cn	针对该问题，该文利用信号在时延维的稀疏性，提出基于压缩感知的信杂比估计算法。
en-us	For this problem, a novel algorithm based on compressive sensing is proposed by exploiting the sparsity of signal in delay dimension.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该算法对不同强弱的信号都能得到精确的时延和强度估计，从而保证了信杂比估计的准确性。
en-us	Simulation demonstrates that accurate estimation of delay and strength for signals of different strength can be obtained by the proposed algorithm, which ensures the accuracy of SCR estimation.

zh-cn	实测数据处理结果表明，实测数据的参考信号信杂比较高，积累损失较小，约为 0.5  d B；
en-us	The processing of experimental data shows that the whole SCR in the received data is relatively high and the integration loss is trivial, about 0.5 dB.

zh-cn	信杂比与基线距离有关，基线越长信杂比越低，积累损失越大。
en-us	In addition, SCR decreases with the length of baseline, which leads to the increase of integration loss.

zh-cn	该文提出一种基于原模图低密度奇偶校验(P-LDPC)码的分布式联合信源信道编译码系统方案。
en-us	This paper proposes a Distributed Joint Source-Channel Coding (DJSCC) scheme using Protograph Low Density Parity Check (P-LDPC) code.

zh-cn	该方案编码端，分布式信源发送部分信息位及校验位以同时实现压缩及纠错功能；
en-us	In the proposed scheme, the distributed source encoder sends some information bits together with the parity bits to simultaneously achieve both distributed compression and channel error correction.

zh-cn	译码端，联合迭代信源信道译码的运用进一步发掘信源的相关性以获得额外的编码增益。
en-us	Iterative joint decoding is introduced to further exploit the source correlation.

zh-cn	此外，论文研究了所提方案在译码端未知相关性系数的译码算法。
en-us	Moreover, the proposed scheme is investigated when the correlation between sources is not known at the decoder.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提出的基于 P-LDPC 码的分布式联合信源信道编译码方案在外部迭代次数不大的情况可以获得较大的性能增益，并且相关性系数在译码端已知和未知系统性能基本相当。
en-us	Simulation results indicate that the proposed DJSCC scheme can obtain relatively large additional coding gains at a relatively small number of global iterations, and the performance for unknown correlated sources is almost the same as that for known correlated sources since correlation can be estimated jointly with the iterative decoding process.

zh-cn	针对传统的基于频域目标阻抗的去耦电容选择方法存在过度设计的问题，该文提出基于最大时域瞬态噪声的去耦电容选择方法。
en-us	A decoupling capacitor selection method based on maximum time-domain transient noise is proposed to solve the over-design problem caused by the traditional method based on the frequency-domain target impedance.

zh-cn	首先，利用板级电流可由一系列三角脉冲近似合成这一性质，推导出了去耦电容瞬态电压噪声达到局部最大值的时刻及时域瞬态阻抗应该满足的条件，并通过分析 VRM 支路最大瞬态电压噪声确定了去耦电容的去耦时间范围；
en-us	According to the property that the current in board level can be approximated by a series of triangular pulses, the time to reach the decoupling capacitor's local maximum transient voltage noise and the condition which should be satisfied for the time-domain transient impedance are derived. Meanwhile, the time range of decoupling is determined by analyzing the maximum transient voltage noise of VRM branch.

zh-cn	其次，通过研究去耦电容时域瞬态阻抗曲线的性质和特点，制定了去耦电容的选择标准。
en-us	In addition, the selection criteria for the decoupling capacitors are developed by researching the properties and characteristics of the time-domain transient impedance curves of the decoupling capacitors.

zh-cn	最后，提出基于最大时域瞬态噪声的去耦设计方案。
en-us	Finally, the decoupling design scheme based on the maximum time-domain transient noise is proposed.

zh-cn	通过对 4 个具有典型激励输入的实例进行去耦设计，结果表明，在输入激励条件相同且满足电压噪声要求的前提下，与传统频域目标阻抗法获得的去耦方案相比，该文提出的算法所需电容数量至少能减少 24.59%以上。
en-us	Comparing with the traditional frequency-domain decoupling scheme, the results of decoupling design for four examples with typical stimulus settings show that the quantity of capacitors can be reduced by more than 24.59% by the proposed algorithm under the condition of the same input excitation and satisfying the requirement of voltage noise.

zh-cn	考虑导频资源受限的密集小蜂窝网络，该文采用基于导频复用的最小均方误差估计进行信道估计，推导出各种导频复用因子下采用最大比合并接收的上行可达速率表达式。
en-us	Considering Dense Small-Cell Networks (DSCNs) with limited pilot resource, estimating channel is carried out using pilot-reused Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) estimator, and then exact expressions of the uplink achievable rate are derived with maximal ratio combing receiver for arbitrary pilot reuse factors.

zh-cn	由于严重的导频污染，会制约密集小蜂窝网络的上行净可达和速率。
en-us	Severer pilot contamination will result in degrading the uplink net achievable sum rate.

zh-cn	为了最大化上行可达和速率，提出利用大尺度衰落信道信息的贪婪导频调度算法减少导频污染，在此基础上，提出低复杂度半动态导频调度算法确定最佳导频复用因子。
en-us	To maximize uplink achievable sum rate, a greedy pilot scheduling algorithm is proposed using large-scale fading channel information to reduce pilot contamination. On this basis, a low-complexity semi-dynamic pilot scheduling algorithm is proposed to determine best  pilot reuse factor.

zh-cn	仿真结果验证了理论推导，所提出的半动态导频调度算法能够减少导频开销，有效地减轻导频污染并提升上行净可达和速率。
en-us	Simulation results are presented to verify the theoretical derivation, and the proposed semi-dynamic pilot scheduling algorithm can reduce pilot overhead, mitigate pilot contamination and boost uplink net achievable sum rate.

zh-cn	网内缓存技术一直是信息中心网络(Information-Centric Networking, ICN)研究中的核心问题。
en-us	In-network caching is always a hot topic in the research of Information-Centric Networking (ICN).

zh-cn	传统缓存方案通常为网络内的单一全局协作策略，然而不同网络区域的缓存目标不同，导致传统方案的性能优化程度有限，可扩展性不强。
en-us	Most of traditional caching coordination research use uniform caching policies within the same cache network, but the aim of different network part is quite various, thus the existed schemes are hard to achieve a comprehensive performance optimization or hard to scale.

zh-cn	同时协同缓存放置和请求路由，相较于纯缓存方案有效性更高。
en-us	Additionally, most work fail to adapt to the on-path coupling effect content caching and request routing.

zh-cn	该文提出并评估了一种新型面向分域的协作混合缓存放置和路由请求机制，该机制将缓存网络区分核心网络和边缘网络，在核心网络中采用非沿路的HASH 协作机制，边缘网络采用沿路的回退协作机制，创建二元组标签保存缓存放置的信息并作用于后续的请求转发。
en-us	This paper proposes and evaluates novel domain-orientated coordinated hybrid content caching and request search in ICN, which fully exploit content- space partitioning and divide the cache network into a core area and several edge areas. The off-path HASH-based coordination scheme is applied to core area and on-path reversion scheme is deployed in edge areas. The binary tuple is created to record the information of content placement and guides the request routing.

zh-cn	通过仿真对比表明，该文提出的协作混合缓存机制相较于传统策略可以更好地平衡网络资源利用和用户体验，并在大型 ISPs 中拓展性更好。
en-us	Through simulation and comparison, it is found that the proposed policies yield better tradeoff between network-centric and user-centric performance than traditional schemes, and are scalable to be used in large ISPs.

zh-cn	为了提高认知无线电网络的频谱利用率，该文提出对认知无线网络频谱感知估计时间进行优化。
en-us	In order to improve the spectrum efficiency in the cognitive radio networks, the optimization algorithm of the spectrum sensing estimation time is presented.

zh-cn	如果频谱感知时间较长，一方面对信道参数的估计更准确，会减小对授权用户的干扰并提高认知用户的吞吐量；
en-us	The longer sensing time will bring two aspects of the consequences. On the one hand, the channel parameters are estimated more accurate so as to reduce the interference to the authorized users and to improve the throughput of the cognitive users.

zh-cn	另一方面，数据传输时间相应缩短，使系统吞吐量减小，这时存在一个最优的感知时间使得系统吞吐量最大。
en-us	On the other hand, it shortens the transmission time so as to decease the system throughput. In this time, it exists an optimal sensing time to maximize the throughput.

zh-cn	该文认为子频段的信道状态信息服从指数分布，故提出随机规划的方法，对认知无线网络频谱感知估计时间进行优化运算。
en-us	It is considered that the channel state information of sub-bands is exponentially distributed, so a stochastic programming method is proposed to optimize the sensing time of the cognitive radio networks.

zh-cn	计算机仿真结果表明，该算法是切实有效的，具有一定的工程应用价值。
en-us	The computer simulation results show that the algorithm is effective and has a certain engineering application value.

zh-cn	为了增加水下高速目标的识别特征维度，优化识别效果，该文设计了一种基于目标辐射噪声高速特征量(High Speed Characteristic Quantity, HSCQ)的分类方法。
en-us	In order to improve the result of underwater high speed vehicle classification, a classification method that is based on High Speed Characteristic Quantity (HSCQ) of vehicle radiated noise is designed.

zh-cn	首先，针对水下高速目标辐射噪声的 DEMON(Detection of Envelope Modulation On Noise)谱特征进行分析，根据 DEMON 谱的频率可分性，定义了 DEMON 谱调制分布比(Modulation Distribution Ratio, MDR)。
en-us	Firstly, analysis of Detection of Envelope Modulation On Noise (DEMON) spectrum of actual measured radiated noise is finished. The Modulation Distribution Ratio (MDR) of radiated noise is defined based on the separability of modulation frequency of DEMON spectrum.

zh-cn	然后，根据水下高速目标辐射噪声的功率谱历程图直纹特征，应用图像边缘检测、线谱生长等理论进行特征提取，并分析了功率谱历程图的直纹特征量(Straight-line  Characteristic Quantity of Spectrum, SCQS)。
en-us	Then the spectrograms feature analysis and feature extraction of underwater high speed radiated noise are done based on image edge detection and edge growing. The Straight-line Characteristic Quantity of Spectrum (SCQS) of vehicle radiated noise is analyzed.

zh-cn	最后，根据 2 种特征量的实测信号分析结果，定义了目标辐射噪声的 HSCQ，实现了一种新的水下高速目标分类方法。实测信号分析结果显示，采用 MDR 或 SCQS 进行单特征量分类，非高速目标的误报率分别为 21.4%和 16.3%；采用 HSCQ 进行分类，非高速目标的误报率仅为 4.1%。
en-us	Finally, considering the analysis results of two types of characteristic quantity, a new classification method of underwater high speed vehicle is realized and HSCQ of vehicle radiated noise is designed. The actual measured radiated noise analysis shows that, the false alarm rate of non-high speed vehicle is respectively 21.4% (only using MDR), 16.3% (only using SCQS), and 4.1% (using HSCQ).

zh-cn	针对自适应波束形成器在少快拍和波束指向角度失配情况下性能严重下降的问题，该文提出一种基于修正协方差矩阵的稳健主模抑制算法。
en-us	In order to solve the problem of adaptive beamformer performance degradation due to few snapshots and mainlobe angle mismatch, a robust dominant mode rejection adaptive beamforming algorithm based on modified covariance matrix is proposed.

zh-cn	算法提出利用修正协方差矩阵估计主模成分，进而重构出数据协方差矩阵，同时利用其特征向量向期望信号导引向量的投影来确定信号子空间维数。
en-us	The algorithm employs modified covariance matrix to estimate dominant mode component and reconstructs covariance matrix.

zh-cn	为提高算法在低信噪比情况下的性能，提出利用信号区域积分得到正定矩阵，以其主特征向量对信号子空间进行扩充，再将导引向量向信号子空间进行投影得到修正的导引向量。
en-us	Then, the signal subspace is obtained by projecting the steering vector of the desired signal onto eigenvector of the reconstructed covariance matrix, for enhancing the performance of algorithm at low SNR, the algorithm uses the principal eigenvector of a positive define matrix which integrates the desired signal region to modify signal subspace, thus calibrated steering vector of the desired signal is obtained by projecting the presumed steering vector onto the modified signal subspace.

zh-cn	最终利用重构协方差矩阵及修正导引向量得到最优权值。
en-us	Finally, the optimal weight is obtained from the reconstructed covariance matrix and the calibrated steering vector.

zh-cn	理论分析和仿真实验验证了所提算法的有效性和稳健性。
en-us	Theoretical analysis and simulation show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm.

zh-cn	在带约束的最长公共子序列问题中提出一种特殊的新问题：假设有两序列 Q 和 C,  Q 中指定的匹配位置序列 I，计算两序列 Q 和 C 的最长公共子序列，且这个最长公共子序列的匹配路径必须经过位置序列 I。
en-us	A special new problem is proposed in the constrained longest common subsequence problem. Given sequences Q , C and the specific positions sequence I in Q, the matching path constrained longest common subsequence problem for Q and C with respect to I is to find a Longest Common Subsequence (LCS) of Q and C such that the positions I in Q are in matching path of this LCS.

zh-cn	针对此问题，该文提出一种带匹配路径约束的最长公共子序列算法。
en-us	A matching path constrained longest common subsequence algorithm is proposed for this problem.

zh-cn	首先定义带匹配路径约束的最长公共子序列模型，其次推出该序列的性质，最后求出带匹配路径约束的最长公共子序列长度的基础算法和快速算法。
en-us	Firstly, a new model is defined for matching path constrained longest common subsequence. Secondly, the property of the subsequence is given.

zh-cn	基础算法和快速算法时间复杂度分别为 O(mnt)和 O(mn), m, n, t 分别为序列 Q, C, I 的长度。
en-us	Lastly, a common method with O(mnt) time and a fast method with O(mn) time are respectively analyzed, where n, m and t are lengths of Q, C, and I respectively.

zh-cn	双基星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)利用双平台接收以及联合处理回波信号，在测绘、干涉测量、目标识别、自然灾害监测等领域有重要的应用价值。
en-us	Benefiting from the combined processing of echo signals received on spatially separated platforms, bistatic spaceborne SAR has many valuable applications such as survey, interferometry, target recognition and classification, disaster monitoring, etc.

zh-cn	为了进一步提升该体制的成像性能，该文提出一种采用空时编码和短偏移正交波形的双基星载多发多收合成孔径雷达系统(MIMO  SAR)。
en-us	In order to improve the imaging performance further, this paper presents a bistatic spaceborne Multiple-Input Multiple-Output SAR (MIMO SAR) system combined with Space-Time Coding (STC) and Short-Term Shift-Orthogonal (STSO) chirp waveforms.

zh-cn	基于接收端的数字波束形成技术，该系统能够有效分离提取不同波形回波数据，获取更多空间自由度，从而同时具备双基体制和 MIMO 体制的优势。
en-us	With the help of digital beamforming techniques on receive, different transmitting waveforms can be separated and extracted from mixed echoes, so that such enhanced architecture can achieve the advantages of both bistatic and MIMO configuration from more spatial degrees of freedom.

zh-cn	此外，通过对获取的不同波形图像数据做波束形成处理，该系统能够减轻 2 次散射干扰回波对 SAR 图像的影响。
en-us	Furthermore, it offers an opportunity for mitigating the influences of double-bounce scattering by using beamforming on multiple SAR images.

zh-cn	仿真实验验证了该系统方案的有效性。
en-us	The theoretical analysis is derived in detail, then validated by simulation experiments.

zh-cn	利用非授权频段频谱资源提升网络容量需要有效地解决 LTE(Long Term Evaluation)与 WiFi 的共存问题。
en-us	In order to efficiently utilize the unlicensed band to improve the network capacity, it is necessary to solve the problem of the coexistence between Long Term Evaluation (LTE) and WiFi.

zh-cn	最近，学术界和工业界相继提出了授权频段辅助接入机制和双模微基站技术提升蜂窝通信系统容量。
en-us	Licensed-Assisted Access (LAA) and the Dual-Band Femtocell (DBF) which can access both the licensed and unlicensed bands are proposed recently.

zh-cn	考虑双模微基站与 WiFi 接入点覆盖范围存在部分重叠场景，该文提出一种新的双模微基站非授权信道接入机制及联合授权非授权的优化频谱资源分配方案。
en-us	In this paper, considering the case that a DBF partly overlaps with just one WiFi Access Point (AP), a novel DBF unlicensed channel access mechanism is proposed. Then, the optimal traffic balancing scheme over licensed and unlicensed bands considering the effect of coverage overlap is developed.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，双模微基站和 WiFi 接入点互不可见时，新方案相比于现有方案由于考虑了空间复用具有更好的系统性能；
en-us	Numerical results show that if DBF and WiFi AP are invisible mutually, the proposed scheme outperforms the existing scheme in terms of sum utility and throughput because of extra fraction of unlicensed channel time for DBF using spatial reuse.

zh-cn	双模微基站和 WiFi 接入点互相可见时，新方案与现有方案性能一致，即两者分时独立占用非授权频段频谱资源。
en-us	Otherwise the performance is the same as the existing scheme, that is, DBF and WiFi AP use the unlicensed band alternately.

zh-cn	该文提出了结合目标特性与图像多视数对 SAR 分辨特性进行分析和评定的方法。
en-us	A method is proposed to analyze and assess the SAR resolution, which considers the statistical characteristics of the distributed targets and the number of multi-look.

zh-cn	基于对 SAR 目标可分辨概率的研究，以及对 SAR 复散射回波信号特性的分析，得到了目标之间关于信号幅度比、相位差和多视数的联合概率密度函数，建立了 SAR 分布目标可分辨特性与目标统计特性以及图像多视数之间的数学关系模型。
en-us	The joint probability density function of two points on the amplitude radio, phase difference, correlation coefficient, and the number of multi-look is deduced from the SAR complex scattering echo signal. Based on the study of the SAR separable probability and the PDF, a mathematical model is built that reflects the mathematical relationship between the SAR resolution and the statistical properties of the targets and the number of multi-look.

zh-cn	结合目标可区分条件，探讨分析了目标统计特性和多视处理对 SAR 系统分辨特性的影响。
en-us	Considering the condition that the points can be separated, the influence that the statistical properties of SAR distributed targets and multi-look processing have on SAR resolution is discussed.

zh-cn	从该文的研究分析可以看出，由于分布目标信号具有的随机特性，在目标间距离小于传统的分辨率时也存在可分辨性，目标间距离大于系统分辨率时也存在不可分辨性。
en-us	Considering the condition that the points can be separated, the influence that the statistical properties of SAR distributed targets and multi-look processing have on SAR resolution is discussed. From the numerical results, when the distance between targets is less than the traditional resolution, the targets also can be distinguished; and when the distance is larger than the traditional resolution, the targets may not be distinguished.

zh-cn	多视处理相当于增加了目标间的相关性，同样对 SAR 的分辨特性有较大的影响。
en-us	The effect of multi-look processing is equivalent to increasing the relevance between the targets, and it also has great influence on SAR resolution.

zh-cn	该文提出的分辨特性评价指标将 SAR 系统特性与目标特性相结合，更能真实反映 SAR 的分辨性能，对 SAR 系统参数设计和评定有重要意义。
en-us	The separable probability can reflect the resolution performance correctly and is important for designing and evaluating the SAR system.

zh-cn	基于自适应-自适应方法在大规模被动声呐阵列降维处理上的应用需求，该文提出一种基于盲分离的自适应-自适应波束形成降维算法。
en-us	Due to the application requirement of adaptive-adaptive dimension reduction method in large-scale passive sonar array, a blind separation adaptive-adaptive beamforming algorithm is presented, which combines the Independent Component Analysis (ICA) with the traditional adaptive-adaptive approach.

zh-cn	该算法将独立成分分析方法与自适应-自适应降维方法有机结合，通过独立成分分析在不预知干扰来向的条件下自适应地估计干扰源的导向矢量，并进一步采用自适应-自适应方法对阵列信号进行波束空间降维，最后采用稳健自适应方法进行波束形成处理。
en-us	The ICA approach is firstly used to obtain the steering vectors of signal sources without prior information of signal direction. Then, the adaptive-adaptive approach is utilized to reduce signal dimension in beam space and robust adaptive approach is finally  used  for  beamforming.

zh-cn	仿真实验验证了该算法能够有效降低大规模阵列自适应处理的计算量，其波束形成效果以及对误差的稳健性与全阵自适应方法相近。
en-us	The simulation studies verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for computation burden reduction of large-scale array adaptive processing. Furthermore, the beamforming results and robustness of the proposed algorithm is similar to that of full-array adaptive method.

zh-cn	对于典型的数字信道化接收机之后级联相位差分法测频的处理架构，现有的测频精度表达式未考虑波形复包络对测量精度的影响。
en-us	For a classical architecture consisting of a digital channelized receiver followed by frequency measurement using phase difference, the existing precision equation of frequency measurement does not consider the impact of waveform complex envelop on measurement performance.

zh-cn	该文针对这一问题，推导了考虑波形复包络影响的新的测频精度表达式，并进行了仿真。
en-us	A new precision equation of frequency measurement considering the impact mentioned above is derived in this paper.

zh-cn	仿真分析的结果与推导的精度表达式一致，表明改进的测频精度表达式能够有效反映信号波形对测频性能的影响。
en-us	The consistency of analytical results by the proposed precision equation with simulation results is verified. The simulation results indicate that the proposed equation can exhibit the impact of waveform on frequency measurement performance.

zh-cn	外辐射源雷达利用非合作照射源信号探测目标，参考信号提纯和监测信号杂波抑制是实现目标信号检测的关键。
en-us	Passive radar makes full use of non-cooperative illumination source to detect targets. Reference signal purification and clutter suppression of the surveillance signal are two key steps to achieve target signal detection.

zh-cn	该文针对数字电视外辐射源雷达接收系统中存在的采样速率偏差问题，首先建立信号模型，从理论上分析了采样速率偏差对参考信号重构性能的影响，然后探讨了采样速率偏差对时域杂波抑制和相关匹配接收的影响。
en-us	To solve the problem of the sampling frequency offset in digital TV based passive radar, the signal model is first established, and the impact of the sampling frequency offset on the performance of the reference signal reconstruction is analyzed. Then how the sampling frequency offset affects the clutter suppression and the target correlation matching is mainly investigated.

zh-cn	仿真结果说明存在采样速率偏差时，提高接收端采样速率可以降低参考信号的重构误码率；
en-us	The simulation results show that improving the sampling frequency can reduce the symbol error rate of the reconstructed signal.

zh-cn	不同的时域杂波抑制算法对采样速率偏差的表现不同；
en-us	Different temporal clutter suppression algorithms perform differently under the existence of sampling frequency offset.

zh-cn	采样速率偏差对时域杂波抑制的影响较大，对相关匹配接收的影响较小。
en-us	The sampling frequency offset has a greater impact on the temporal clutter rejection performance and less effect on correlation matching.

zh-cn	实测数据处理验证了上述结论的正确性，为提高数字电视外辐射源雷达的目标探测性能提供了理论依据。
en-us	Finally, the analysis results are verified by the measurement data, which also provide theoretical basis on improving the target detection performance of digital TV based passive radar.

zh-cn	随着合成孔径雷达(SAR)的发展，对目标细节的观测越来越受到重视。
en-us	The past decades have witnessed an increasing attention for detailed observation with developing of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR).

zh-cn	SAR 图像的分辨率越高，获取的细节信息就越多。
en-us	The higher the resolutions of SAR images are, the more detailed information can be obtained from the images.

zh-cn	目前，一种实用性较高的技术是，利用步进频率线性调频信号波形获取超高分辨率 SAR 图像。
en-us	At the present stage, the stepped frequency chirp signal waveform is a technology with high practicality to achieve the high range resolution imaging.

zh-cn	这种技术基于不同子带信号的步进载频关系，通过子带拼接来合成大带宽信号。
en-us	The system can use the stepped frequency relationships between sub-band signals and then the sub-band synthesizing technique is applied to synthesize a large bandwidth signal.

zh-cn	然而，子带拼接对于基带信号误差非常敏感，该文首先提出一种基于回归和统计学的信号预失真方案。
en-us	However, the sub-band synthesizing technique is very sensitive to the baseband signal error. A signal pre-distortion scheme is firstly proposed based on regression and statistics in this manuscript.

zh-cn	在补偿完子带内的误差后，将子带间的误差转化为一个多变量的优化问题。
en-us	After compensating the error in sub-band, the problems of errors between sub-bands are transformed into a multi-variable optimization problem.

zh-cn	最后，通过 X 波段机载 SAR 系统飞行实测数据验证了所提方法的有效性。
en-us	Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the X band airborne SAR system.

zh-cn	精细化的回波微动调制分析是提取弹道目标运动几何特性的重要技术手段。
en-us	Accurate micro-motion characteristics analysis is an important technique to extract the geometrical characteristics of ballistic targets.

zh-cn	该文提出一种多频点-调频傅里叶稀疏分解的微动估计方法来分析目标的时频特性。
en-us	In this paper, a multi-frequency Chirp sparse decomposition method for time-frequency analysis of micro-motion targets is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，该文介绍弹道目标进动回波微多普勒的一般表达；
en-us	First, the echo micro-Doppler expression of the equivalent scattering center model with the procession motion is deduced.

zh-cn	平动补偿后对回波局部分段并采用调频率傅里叶稀疏分解来估计局部微多普勒调频参数，有效利用了多频点回波的结构稀疏性，联合多频点稀疏分解提高算法稳健性；
en-us	After the translation compensation process, the multi-frequency echo are segmented and used to estimate the micro-motion characteristics with the Chirp sparse decomposition algorithm. While the sparseness of multi-frequency echo are effectively utilized, and the joint multi-frequency estimation improves the robustness of the algorithm.

zh-cn	最后，拼接主频段信号各分段估计结果得到目标的微动曲线。
en-us	Finally, target's micro-motion curve are obtained by stitching the segments' estimation results.

zh-cn	电磁仿真数据验证了算法的有效性和稳健性，可用于弹道目标的微动分析、多目标识别等任务。
en-us	The validity and robustness of the algorithm are verified by electromagnetic simulation data and can be applied to time-frequency analysis and recognition of ballistic target.

zh-cn	密集异构蜂窝网络节点布置的随机性、动态性、复杂性等特点，导致实际场景中该系统的安全性能受非理想信道估计的影响更严重，然而目前对该系统安全性能的研究主要集中于理想场景，缺乏在非理想场景中的研究。
en-us	Due to the characteristics of random, dynamic, and complex arrangement of dense heterogeneous cellular network nodes, the secrecy performance of the system is more seriously affected by the non-ideal channel estimation in the actual communication scenario. However, the research on the secrecy performance analysis of the dense heterogeneous cellular network mainly focuses on the ideal scene, but never involves non-ideal scene.

zh-cn	针对这一问题，该文从密集异构蜂窝网自身结构及实际部署的特点出发，分析了信道估计存在误差时系统的安全性能。
en-us	To solve this problem, this paper considers the characteristics and actual deployment of the system，and analyzes the secrecy performance of the system when there exist channel estimation errors.

zh-cn	首先基于随机几何对系统建模，推导了非理想情况下 K 层密集异构蜂窝网的安全中断概率；
en-us	First, based on stochastic geometry, the security outage probability of K-tier dense heterogeneous cellular networks is deduced.

zh-cn	然后分析了部分参数对系统安全性能的影响；
en-us	Then the influence of partial parameters on system security performance is analyzed.

zh-cn	最后，通过仿真验证了理论推导的有效性。
en-us	Finally, the validity of theoretical derivation is verified by simulation.

zh-cn	针对导弹防御系统中的目标识别问题，该文研究弹道中段目标的 2 维几何特征反演方法。
en-us	This paper focuses on Two-Dimensional (2D) geometric feature inversion method of midcourse targets, serving for the target recognition problem of ballistic missile defense system.

zh-cn	基于中段目标的特殊物理结构，分析了进动锥体目标在雷达径向投影尺寸的变化规律，建立了中段目标 2 维几何特征与其径向尺寸序列的映射关系，进而提出一种基于 HRRPs 的 2 维几何特征反演方法，能够稳定反演出中段进动目标在不同姿态下的 2 维几何特征。
en-us	Based on the figuration characteristic of midcourse targets, the regular pattern of radial dimension is analyzed with respect to different intervals, the mapping relationships between HRRP under various target attitudes and the 2D geometric feature of target are established, then an 2D geometric feature inversion method for midcourse targets based on HRRPs is proposed accordingly.

zh-cn	通过电磁计算数据和暗室测量数据验证了所提方法的有效性和稳定性。
en-us	The method can estimate stably the 2D geometric feature of midcourse targets during the midcourse flight, which is verified by the simulation experiments with electromagnetic computed data and measured data in anechoic chamber.

zh-cn	在雷达等高速移动的通信系统中，由于传输过程中的时延和多普勒频移，在分析跳频序列的性能时，需要对其时频 2 维汉明相关性进行分析。
en-us	In the high-speed mobile communication system such as the radar, due to time delay and Doppler shift in the transmission process, it is needed to analyze Time-Frequency (TF) two-dimensional (2-D) Hamming correlation of the Frequency Hopping Sequence (FHS).

zh-cn	线性移位寄存器序列(m-序列)具有良好的随机、平衡等性质，因此 m-序列已被广泛应用到跳频序列的构造中。
en-us	Linear feedback shift register sequence (m-sequence) has good random and balance properties, so it is widely used to the construction of FHSs.

zh-cn	该文对基于 m-序列的跳频序列集的时频 2 维汉明相关性进行分析，计算了其时频 2 维汉明相关值的分布；构造了具有新参数的跳频序列集。
en-us	In this paper, the TF 2-D Hamming correlation of FHS set constructed by m-sequence is analyzed, the distribution of its TF 2-D Hamming correlation is calculated, and an FHS set with new parameters is constructed.

zh-cn	在相同多普勒频移下，新序列集的 2 维相关性与已有基于 m-序列的跳频序列集的 2 维相关性相比较更稳定。
en-us	Under the same Doppler shift, the 2-D correlation of the new sequence set is more stable than the 2-D correlation of the existing ones.

zh-cn	该文将 TL1范数应用于子空间聚类的研究中，提出基于 TL1范数约束的子空间聚类优化模型。
en-us	The TL1 norm is applied to propose a new optimization model for the study of subspace clustering.

zh-cn	尽管该优化模型是非凸的，在无噪音的情形下，证明了它的最优解为具有块对角结构的系数矩阵，这对随后进行的谱聚类提供了理论保证；
en-us	Although the optimization is nonconvex, in the case of non-noise, it proves that the optimal solution of the proposed model is the coefficient matrix with block-diagonal structure, which provides the theoretical guarantee for the latter spectral clustering.

zh-cn	在有噪声的情形下，它的约束条件等价于以干净数据为字典的优化模型，因而求解出的系数矩阵提高了聚类的精确度。
en-us	In the case of dealing with noise, the constraint condition of this model is presented to be equivalent with the optimal model using the corrected data as the dictionary, which contributes to improving the clustering accuracy.

zh-cn	进一步，利用增广拉格朗日-交替方向乘子方法给出该优化模型的求解方法。
en-us	Then, the alternating direction method of Lagrangian multipliers is applied to solving the unknown matrices.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，基于 TL1范数的子空间聚类方法不仅增强了系数矩阵的稀疏性，而且在聚类精确度，对噪音的鲁棒性方面要优于低秩子空间聚类方法和稀疏子空间聚类方法。
en-us	Experimental results show that subspace clustering method based on TL1 norm not only enhances the sparsity of coefficient matrix, but also is superior to low-rank subspace clustering and sparse subspace clustering method in terms of clustering accuracy and robustness to noise.

zh-cn	目前基于压缩感知的跳频信号参数估计方法大多是在高斯背景噪声下进行的研究，而在非高斯 α 稳定分布脉冲噪声环境下，已有基于高斯噪声数学模型设计的算法性能下降。
en-us	Currently, FH signal parameter estimation methods based on compressed sensing are mostly under the assumption of Gaussian noise background. In non-Gaussian α  stable distribution noise conditions, the algorithms based on Gaussian noise model suffer undesirable performance degradation.

zh-cn	针对上述问题，该文分析了 α 稳定分布噪声的大幅值脉冲满足近似稀疏性条件，利用跳频信号与噪声之间的时域特征差异将信噪分离，实现噪声抑制。
en-us	In this paper, it is analyzed and concluded that the spike pulses of the α  stable noise approximately meet sparse conditions. By using the differences of the characteristics in the time domain, the FH signal and the noise can be easily separated, and the goal of suppressing noise can be achieved.

zh-cn	并在压缩感知框架下，建立与跳频信号特点相匹配的 3 参数字典，采用最优匹配(Optimal Match, OM)方法对跳频信号自适应分解，获取匹配原子，基于这些时频原子包含的信息估计跳频信号的参数。
en-us	Under the framework of compressed sensing, the three-parameter dictionary is constructed based on the characteristics of FH signals, then the Optimal Match (OM) for adaptive FH signal decomposition is used to obtain the matching atoms and the FH signal parameters are estimated based on the information contained by these time frequency atoms.

zh-cn	仿真验证表明，在 α 稳定分布噪声中，与常规的跳频信号估计方法相比，该文提出的先利用噪声稀疏性去噪，再采用最优匹配提取跳频信号参数的方法(Sparsity-OM, SOM)，能够较好地抑制脉冲噪声，获得准确的参数信息，具有良好的鲁棒特性。
en-us	Simulation results show that compared with the conventional FH signal parameter estimation methods, the proposed Sparsity-OM (SOM), which uses noise sparsity to suppress the noise and then adopts the OM algorithm, improves the estimation accuracy of FH signal parameters and it is more robust to the α stable distribution noise.

zh-cn	针对基于压缩感知(Compressed Sensing, CS)理论的传统遥感图像融合算法未能考虑源图像信息相关性的特点，该文提出一种基于分布式压缩感知(Distributed Compressed Sensing, DCS)的遥感图像融合改进算法。
en-us	The  conventional  Compressed  Sensing  (CS)  based  remote  sensing  image  fusion  algorithm  does  not consider the correlation between the source images. In this paper, a novel Distributed CS (DCS) based remote sensing image fusion algorithm is proposed to address the correlation between the source images.

zh-cn	通过DCS 的第 1 联合稀疏模型(Joint Sparsity Model-1, JSM-1)提取源图像低频信息的公共部分和独有部分，再利用独有特征添加(UFA)的融合规则进行融合，从而提高融合精度。
en-us	The proposed algorithm extracts the common part and the unique part of the low frequency information of the source images, in the framework of Joint Sparsity Model-1 (JSM-1). The Unique Feature Addition (UFA) rule is then used to improve the fusion performance.

zh-cn	选取 QuickBird 卫星实测图像数据对该文方法和多个传统融合方法进行仿真实验并进行评价指标的对比，结果表明该文方法融合性能相对传统遥感图像融合方法都有不同程度的提高。
en-us	In the experiments, the QuickBird images are utilized to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that the fusion performance is significantly improved using the proposed algorithm, compared with several classical fusion algorithms.

zh-cn	针对非共线多 CCD 遥感图像匹配点的分布特点，该文提出一种基于聚类的误匹配点去除方法。
en-us	Considering the distribution characteristic of the matching points of non-collinear multiple Charge- Coupled Device (CCD) remote sensing images, a new method based on clustering to eliminate the mismatching points is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，根据匹配点的沿轨方向偏移量曲线，获取匹配点的多维特征向量。
en-us	First, the multi-dimensionality feature vector of matching points is obtained on the basis of the disparity curve in along-track direction.

zh-cn	然后，对匹配点集进行聚类处理，将所有点聚为一个类簇，最后根据簇半径序列曲线的变化趋势区分正确点和误匹配点。
en-us	Second, all points are clustered to one cluster. Finally, the points are marked off according to the variation trend of the semi-diameter of the cluster.

zh-cn	通过天绘 1 号 02 星全色遥感图像的实验和处理，结果表明在误匹配点去除和正确匹配点保留方面所提算法与其它方法相比具有更好性能。
en-us	The experiment results running on the panchromatic image of mapping satellite 1-02 show that the method has better performance on eliminating the mismatched points and keeping the matched points.

zh-cn	针对机载外辐射源雷达多普勒展宽的杂波对消问题，该文提出频域分块距离-多普勒-空间 LMS(RDS-LMS)算法。
en-us	A frequency-domain block Range-Doppler-Space Least-Mean-Square (RDS-LMS) algorithm is proposed for the cancellation of the Doppler spread of clutter for airborne passive radar.

zh-cn	该算法利用杂波的空时依赖性，沿杂波脊进行对消，避免对杂波多普勒带内目标的对消。
en-us	To avoid the cancellation of targets in the clutter Doppler band with the cancellation of clutter, this algorithm uses the spatial dependence of the clutter Doppler frequency and cancels clutter along the clutter ridge.

zh-cn	通过频域分块处理，减小了迭代次数并可以利用 FFT 快速实现，降低了算法的计算量。
en-us	With the frequency-domain block implementation, the iteration of adaptive processing is reduced and FFT can be employed. Hence, the computational load is reduced.

zh-cn	基于实测数据的仿真结果表明：该算法能够有效对消杂波，且对杂波带内的目标影响很小，对径向速度大于 10  m/s 的目标，信噪比损失在 1  d B 以内。
en-us	Simulation results based on experimental data show that the proposed algorithm is able to cancel clutter effectively and more importantly it has slight influence on targets in clutter Doppler band. For example, for targets with radial velocity greater than 10 m/s, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) loss is within 1 dB.

zh-cn	计算复杂度分析表明：频域分块实现使算法计算量降低了 42 倍，根据在地基外辐射源雷达中已实时实现的 FBLMS 算法估算，结合 GPU 并行处理，该文算法处理 1 s 数据用时为 771 ms，能够满足实时性需求。
en-us	Computational complexity analyses show that the frequency-domain block implementation reduces the computational load 42 times and according to the real-time implemented Frequency-Domain Block LMS (FBLMS) algorithm in ground based passive radar, the proposed algorithm needs 771 ms to process 1 s data with the help of parallel processing of Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) and can satisfy the need for the real-time implementation of airborne passive radar clutter cancellation.

zh-cn	求根多重信号分类(Root-MUSIC)算法以多项式求根代替谱峰搜索，降低了波达方向(DOA)估计的计算量，但当阵元数较大时，其计算量依然很大。
en-us	The Root  MUltiple SIgnal Classification (Root-MUSIC) algorithm uses polynomial rooting instead of spectral search to reduce the computational complexity of Direction-Of-Arrival (DOA) estimation. However, when large numbers of sensors are exploited, this algorithm is still time-consuming.

zh-cn	为进一步降低计算量，该文提出一种降阶 Root-MUSIC(RD-Root-MUSIC)算法。该算法基于谱分解将 Root-MUSIC 多项式的阶次降低一半，再根据矩阵特征多项式与求根多项式的关系构造友阵，采用Arnoldi迭代计算得到友阵的L个大特征值(L为信号数)并估计DOA。
en-us	To further reduce the complexity, a novel Reduced-Dimension Root-MUSIC (RD-Root-MUSIC) algorithm based on spectral factorization is proposed, in which the dimension of polynomial involved in the rooting step is efficiently reduced to half. A companion matrix whose eigenvalues correspond to the roots of the reduced-dimension polynomial is further constructed, and the Arnoldi iteration is finally used to calculate only the L largest eigenvalues containing DOA information, where L is the number of signals.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，RD-Root-MUSIC估计精度与 Root-MUSIC 相近，但其在大阵元下具有比 Root-MUSIC 更低的计算量。
en-us	Simulation results show that RD-Root-MUSIC has a similar performance with much lower complexity as compared to Root-MUSIC.

zh-cn	多进制频移键控(MFSK)信号被广泛应用于各种军用、民用通信系统中。
en-us	MFSK signal is widely used in military and civil communication systems.

zh-cn	针对其调制参数估计，现有的方法大多基于小波变换，但其存在抗噪性能差，参数不易选取等问题。
en-us	For the issues of its modulation parameters' estimation, wavelet transform theory is mostly adopted in current algorithms. However, the anti-noise performance is poor and parameters are difficult to choose.

zh-cn	通过对语图不确定原理的研究，该文提出一种语图逻辑“与”运算方法，并引入波形变换理论改善时频变换波形占空比，提高了估计算法的信噪比门限，完成低信噪比下 MFSK 信号调制参数的自适应盲估计。
en-us	On the research of indeterminacy theory of spectrogram, a strategy for spectrograms modifying is proposed and the waveform transforming theory is drawn into to upgrade the duty cycle. As the result, the anti-noise performance is improved and the self adaption blind parameter estimation is achieved.

zh-cn	仿真表明，所提算法在抗噪声、频偏性能及参数选取鲁棒性上均优于现有常用算法，适合工程实践。
en-us	The simulation results indicate a better performance of proposed algorithm than current algorithms in anti-noise and frequency offset performance and robustness of parameters which makes it a better choice for engineering practice.

zh-cn	该文针对太阳同步轨道卫星由于通讯误码导致卫星时钟不正常翻转造成的错误，提出了纠错策略。
en-us	Under the condition of working in sun-synchronous orbit, the error correction strategy is put forward due to the error caused by the communication error.

zh-cn	基于卫星时钟和本地时钟授时误差互补的特点，设计了一种应用于低频输入信号和大倍频系数条件下的数字锁相环(DPLL)，利用数字锁相环使本地时钟跟踪卫星时钟秒脉冲的相位波动，实时消除本地时钟的累积误差。
en-us	According to the complementary error characteristics between satellite clock and local clock, a Digital Phase Locked Loop (DPLL) is designed, which is applied to the low frequency input signal and the large frequency multiplication factor. The local clock tracks the satellite clock pulse phase fluctuations and eliminates the accumulate error constantly.

zh-cn	对该时钟源进行了理论分析和实验验证，用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)予以实现。
en-us	The complete design is developed with Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices and the detailed theoretical analysis and experimental results are presented.

zh-cn	实验表明，该设计实现的时钟源可以实时纠正卫星时钟出现的秒脉冲不正常翻转、秒脉冲丢失、时间包跳变、时间包丢失等错误，最短可以在 5 个输入时钟周期内进入锁定状态，稳定工作时每秒累积误差小于 100 μs，可作为星载光谱仪本地时钟源使用。
en-us	Experiments show that the design of the clock source can correct the abnormal flip or lose of second pulse and jump or lose of broadcast time package constantly. It can enter the lock state in 5 input clock cycles, and the cumulative error is less than 100 μs. It can be used as the local clock source of satellite borne equipment.

zh-cn	电离层在地球同步轨道 SAR 长合成孔径时间内具有明显的时变特性，这使得传统的基于电离层总电子含量(TEC)固定值的校正方法不再适用。
en-us	The conventional correction method based on invariable TEC is no longer applicable to GEOSAR, because the temporal variability of ionosphere exits in synthetic aperture time of GEOSAR.

zh-cn	为此，该文提出基于 4 维电子密度的地球同步轨道 SAR 成像补偿方法。
en-us	In this paper, a correction method based on 4-D electronic density is put forward.

zh-cn	通过基于电离层实测数据的半物理仿真，对校正方法进行实验验证，结果表明该方法可以有效地校正电离层时变特性对地球同步轨道 SAR 成像质量的影响。
en-us	This method is validated using actual data of ionosphere and the results indicate that this method can correct the ionospheric effects induced by temporal variability on GEOSAR effectively.

zh-cn	为了解决 FDK 重建算法在锥束 CT 重建中运算量大，耗时较多，以及针对不同的应用环境提供不同分辨率的 3 维医学图像问题，该文提出一种基于小波变换的多分辨率锥束 CT 图像快速 3 维重建算法。
en-us	To solve the large amount of computation, time-consuming problems of the FDK reconstruction algorithm for cone beam CT reconstruction, and different resolutions for different application environments of 3D medical image, this paper proposes a fast reconstruction algorithm of multi-resolution cone beam CT image based on wavelet transform.

zh-cn	首先对采集到的投影图像进行相应尺度的小波变换，得到各尺度小波分解系数，选择相应尺度的小波系数进行 FDK 重建，可以得到相应低分辨率的 3 维图像数据，还可根据需要由得到的低分辨率重建数据分别沿着径向取断层图像，进行相应的小波逆变换，进而得到高分辨率的 3 维图像数据。
en-us	Firstly, the corresponding wavelet transform for projection images are obtained, and the corresponding scale wavelet coefficients are selected for FDK reconstruction. Thus, 3D image data of the low resolution are obtained. According to need, the high resolution 3D image data can also be obtained by the inverse wavelet transform of the radial images obtained from low resolution.

zh-cn	实验数据表明，该方法不仅能够得到不同分辨率的 3 维图像数据，而且相较于传统的 FDK 算法生成分辨率相同、精度相近的高分辨率 3 维图像数据，重建速度可以提高 1 倍以上。
en-us	The experimental data shows that this method can not only provide a different resolution of the 3D image data, but also increase the reconstruction speed more than one times when the same resolution and similar precision high resolution 3D image data is obtained compared with the traditional FDK algorithm.

zh-cn	该文针对待拼接图像间的亮度差异而导致拼接图像存在拼接缝的问题，提出一种基于 JND(Just Noticeable Difference)模型的新的亮度拼接缝去除方法。
en-us	An efficient approach based on Just Noticeable Difference (JND) model is proposed to solve the seamline problem caused by illuminate difference.

zh-cn	该图像拼接缝优化算法分为 3 个步骤。
en-us	The seamline optimization method operates via a three-stage approach.

zh-cn	将待优化图像变换到 HSV 空间，并提取 V 分量；
en-us	In the first stage, the image is transformed into Hue, Saturation, Value (HSV) color space, the V weight is selected for the follow-up stage, and the width of correct region is conformed self-adaptively.

zh-cn	在 V 分量图中自适应确定过渡区域宽度，根据 JND 模型计算区域内各点的优化阈值确定优化量大小并进行优化；
en-us	The second stage is using JND model to calculate the optimize V weight.

zh-cn	将优化后的 V 分量与分离的 H, S 分量结合进行逆变换即可得到最终优化的拼接图像。
en-us	Last stage is transforming HSV into RGB to get final optimized image.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该算法能够实现图像亮度的平滑过渡，在亮度差较大的情况下也能得到较好结果。
en-us	Extensive experimental results using natural images indicate that the proposed method can remove the seamline efficiently.

zh-cn	同时，该算法能够有效地避免常用基于 RGB 空间的拼接缝去除方法所带来的偏色问题，具有更大的适用范围。
en-us	The effect of seamline removal is better even the brightness difference is great. Meanwhile, the proposed method can avoid the color cast problem caused by RGB color space.

zh-cn	粒子群优化算法(PSO)是合成天线阵列预期方向图的有效手段。
en-us	Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is an efficient technology to synthesize desired pattern of antenna arrays.

zh-cn	但对于某些大型平面阵列方向图复杂的非线性优化问题，该算法收敛速度慢且最优粒子易陷入局部最优解，因而使得算法失效。
en-us	But in some complicated cases, the optimizer will fail because the optimum particles fall into local best solutions and the convergence is so bad, especially for nonlinear optimization of large planar arrays pattern.

zh-cn	针对这一问题，该文提出一种改进 PSO 算法来提高传统 PSO 算法的收敛特性。该算法在初始化最优粒子时采用解析初值而不是随机初值。
en-us	To solve this problem, a modified optimizer is presented to improve the convergence of traditional PSO by means of initializing the particles with analytical values rather than random values.

zh-cn	对于给定的预期方向图，通过矩阵运算解析对应该方向图的阵元权系数。之后将这些权系数指定为任意一个粒子的解析初值，而种群的其他粒子仍然赋随机初值，之后再衔接标准 PSO 算法的寻优迭代过程。
en-us	For any given desired pattern, the corresponding aperture weights can be derived by matrix operations and these weights are then used as a particle's initial values while other particles are still initialized randomly.

zh-cn	这种初始化方法使得种群粒子在寻优搜索过程开始之前，即可得到最优粒子初值的有效估计。
en-us	By this initialization, an efficient estimation of the optimum particle's initial values can be achieved before the beginning of all particles searching process.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，相对于全部粒子赋随机初值的标准算法而言，这种改进算法收敛速度更快，适应度值收敛得更深，因而有效提高了算法的收敛特性，从而能够得到满足预期方向图指标要求的优化结果。
en-us	The simulation results prove that this modified optimizer converges more rapidly and deeply than the traditional PSO and more satisfying global solutions and desired pattern could be obtained.

zh-cn	双基星载高分辨率宽测绘带 SAR 系统(HRWS-SAR)利用数字波束形成技术(DBF)将俯仰向多通道的回波信号进行快时间域的相干合成，DBF 处理性能必然受到双基构型的影响。
en-us	In bistatic spaceborne High Resolution Wide Swath SAR (HRWS-SAR) system, the Digital Beam Forming (DBF) technique is employed to achieve the coherent combination of multi-channel signals in the fast time domain, and its performance is affected by the bistatic configuration.

zh-cn	该文针对一般双基构型的星载 HRWS- SAR 系统，推导了点目标接收方向角与收发距离和之间的线性近似表达式，建立了俯仰向通道的回波信号模型，进而构建了一种时变加权与 FIR 滤波相结合的 DBF 处理方法，并给出了系统实现框图。
en-us	For a point target, the relationship between receiver aspect angle and the sum of transmitter distance and receiver distance is approximated by a linear function, and the echo signal model in elevation channel is built. Further, a DBF processing scheme is proposed, which combines the time-variant weighting and Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filtering, and the implementation block diagram is presented.

zh-cn	该文对几种典型双基构型的星载 HRWS-SAR 系统 DBF 处理进行了仿真，结果表明合理的双基构型能有效提升星载 HRWS-SAR 系统的 DBF处理性能。
en-us	The DBF processing is simulated in several typical bistatic configuration spaceborne HRWS-SAR systems. Simulation results show that the higher DBF performance can be achieved in the spaceborne HRWS-SAR system with rational bistatic configuration.

zh-cn	该文给出一类相互正交的二元零相关区序列集构造法。
en-us	A class of mutually orthogonal binary Zero Correlation Zone (ZCZ) sequence sets are constructed.

zh-cn	基于二元正交矩阵，首先构造得到了一类相互正交的非周期互补序列集，进而构造了相互正交的二元零相关区序列集，每个序列集参数都是最佳的。
en-us	Based on binary orthogonal matrices, numbers of mutually orthogonal aperiodic complementary sequence sets are constructed at first, then mutually orthogonal ZCZ sequence sets are obtained from these aperiodic complementary sequence sets. Each ZCZ sequence set is an optimal binary ZCZ sequence set.

zh-cn	同已有方法相比，该文方法能生成更多的相互正交的二元零相关区序列集，解决了集合数目大于 2 且相互正交的最佳二元零相关区序列集构造问题，可以为准同步码分多址系统提供更多的序列。
en-us	Compared with existing methods, the presented construction produces more mutually orthogonal ZCZ sequence sets. As a result, the problem of constructing more than two optimal mutually orthogonal sets of binary ZCZ sequences is sloved by the presented approach and more sequences are produced for Quasi-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (QS-CDMA) systems.

zh-cn	极化定标是目标检测、分类识别和定量反演等实际应用的重要前提。
en-us	Polarization calibration is an important prerequisite for practical application such as target detection, classification recognition and quantitative inversion.

zh-cn	载机平台的姿态变化会引起极化指向角的变化，从而降低极化定标精度。
en-us	The attitude variance of carrier platform can cause variance of polarization orientation angle, thus reducing the polarization calibration precision.

zh-cn	针对这一问题前人已提出了基于Whitt算法的改进算法。
en-us	Improved algorithms based on Whitt algorithm is proposed for this problem.

zh-cn	该文详细分析了这些改进算法存在的问题，并在此基础上提出了一种考虑通道不平衡的逐脉冲补偿时变姿态的极化定标算法，能够有效地抑制姿态变化对极化定标的影响。
en-us	In this paper, the problem of these improved algorithms is analyzed in detail, and on this basis, a polarimatric calibration algorithm, which takes channel unbalance into consider and compensates the time-varying attitude pulse by pulse, is proposed, and it can effectively suppress the influence of attitude change on polarization calibration.

zh-cn	仿真实验和实测数据处理验证了该算法的有效性。
en-us	Simulation results and experimental data processing verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

zh-cn	弹载合成孔径雷达在子孔径信号处理时，由于运动的复杂性和距离方位的强耦合，增加了成像处理的难度。
en-us	In the missile borne subaperture SAR mode, the complicate motion of the platform and the strong coupling between range and azimuth present substantial difficulty for echo data processing.

zh-cn	针对这一问题，该文分析了该成像体制下的距离徙动特性并引入二次调频函数进行统一距离徙动校正；
en-us	To solve this problem, the range migration characteristics of the echo are analyzed and a secondary frequency function is introduced for uniform migration correction.

zh-cn	在方位向处理上则通过频域投影补偿调频率空变。
en-us	During the azimuth processing, the azimuth frequency domain projection is applied to compensating the Doppler frequency modulation variation.

zh-cn	与传统算法相比，新算法可对子孔径回波进行更有效的成像与聚焦，仿真结果证明了算法的正确性和有效性。
en-us	Compared with the traditional algorithm, this proposed algorithm can focus on the echo more effectively. Simulation results show the correctness and validity of the proposed algorithm.

zh-cn	等效视数(ENL)是极化 SAR 多视数据统计模型的重要参数。
en-us	Equivalent Number of Looks (ENL) is an important parameter in statistical modelling of multi-look Polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) data.

zh-cn	而一些极化 SAR 图像的自动化应用中，需要在没有人工干预下实现 ENL 非监督估计。
en-us	In some automated applications of PolSAR images, it is necessary to estimate the ENL in an unsupervised way without any manual intervention.

zh-cn	现有的等效视数非监督估计方法在异质程度较高的图像中就难以得到准确估计结果。
en-us	The existing unsupervised estimation of ENL can not obtain accurate estimates for the images with high heterogeneity.

zh-cn	针对这一问题，该文提出一种将混合区域剔除与纹理信息聚类相结合的等效视数非监督估计方法，有效地减弱了地物混合及纹理两类主要异质因素对估计结果的影响。
en-us	To address this issue, a novel unsupervised estimation method is proposed here. It combines the mixture elimination and clustering based on texture, which reduces the effect of two main heterogeneity factors, mixture and texture.

zh-cn	通过仿真数据和不同复杂度的实际图像验证了该方法的有效性。
en-us	The validity of this method is evaluated with simulated and real data of different complexity.

zh-cn	针对联合综合概率数据关联算法(JIPDA)存在的航迹合并问题，将目标建模为随机有限集(RFS)提出改进的 JIPDA 算法。
en-us	To avoid the track coalescence of the Joint Integrated Probabilistic Data Association (JIPDA), a modified version of JIPDA is proposed by modelling targets as Random Finite Set (RFS).

zh-cn	传统 JIPDA 首先产生初始概率密度函数(PDF)，之后对该 PDF 进行近似来估计目标状态。
en-us	The JIPDA first generates the original Probability Density Function (PDF) and then makes an approximation of the PDF to estimate target states.

zh-cn	为了使目标状态估计 PDF 与初始 PDF 之间的相似性最大化，当目标标签无意义时，提出对 JIPDA 的初始 PDF 进行优化。
en-us	To maximize the similarity between the state estimate PDF and the original PDF, the original PDF is optimized when target label is irrelevant.

zh-cn	将 KL 散度作为相似性的衡量标准，建立起优化过程的代价函数。
en-us	Using the KL divergence as a measure of the similarity, the cost function is developed.

zh-cn	仿真实验表明，所提方法可有效地抑制传统 JIPDA 引起的航迹合并。
en-us	The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively avoid the track coalescence.

zh-cn	基于超级计算机的大规模并行电磁计算对于解决实际工程中的复杂电磁难题具有重要意义，但超级计算机中由节点故障导致的进程崩溃事件的概率远远高于普通计算机。
en-us	The large scale parallel electromagnetic computation based on the supercomputer is of great significance for solving complicate electromagnetic problems in practical engineering. However, the probability of the process crash event caused by node failure in the supercomputer is much higher than that in the regular computer.

zh-cn	该文针对传统电磁计算难以有效应对进程崩溃的现状，提出一种高效的、适用于大规模并行高阶矩量法的容错算法。
en-us	Considering the incapable action for traditional electromagnetic computation to overcome the process crash event, an efficient fault-tolerance algorithm for large scale parallel high order Method of Moments (MoM) is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	在现有并行高阶矩量法的基础上，基于“硬盘缓存”和“直接内存读取”设计高效率、高可靠性的现场保护算法，同时设计了高效的断点恢复算法。
en-us	According to the parallel higher order method of moments algorithm available, a scene protection algorithm and a scene recovery algorithm with high efficiency and reliability are designed, based on the "disk cache" and "direct memory access" technique.

zh-cn	算法的有效性主要在于“固定的现场保护点”这一特点，它使得算法在有故障的情况下仍然可以正常有序地进行；而原算法每次碰到故障，则只能从头计算。
en-us	The efficiency of this algorithm lies on the feature of the "fixed site protection", which makes it possible for the algorithm to work normal and ordered even encountering crash failure, while the original algorithm can only restart from the beginning.

zh-cn	数值仿真实验验证了容错算法在应对进程崩溃事件时的有效性，大幅提高了大规模并行高阶矩量法的可靠性。
en-us	The numerical simulations demonstrate the efficiency of the fault-tolerant algorithm in dealing with the process crash, which improves greatly the reliability of the large scale parallel high order MoM.

zh-cn	圆迹 SAR(CSAR)作为一种新的对地高分辨率成像方法，兼具长时间观测以及获得目标360°全向信息的优势。
en-us	As a new high resolution ground imaging technique, Circular Synthetic Aperture Radar (CSAR) is capable of long time observation and retrieving the 360° information of the targets.

zh-cn	该文利用其长时间观测的特性，针对单通道圆迹 SAR 提出一种新的图像域动目标检测算法。
en-us	By taking the long time observation advantage, a new moving target detecting method is developed based on the single channel CSAR.

zh-cn	首先从等多普勒等距离角度分析了动目标信号模型，后给出动目标检测算法。
en-us	Moving target signal model is analyzed with equal range equal Doppler equations, then the method is described.

zh-cn	该方法将原始图像分为无动目标的背景以及含有动目标的前景图像，由于静止背景较动目标变化缓慢，故利用中值滤波器对重叠子孔径图像序列沿时间维进行滤波以获得背景图像，再利用每帧原始图像与背景图像的差来获得相应的含有动目标的前景图像。
en-us	This method regards the original SAR image as combination of two images. One is background without moving target, and the other one is foreground with moving target. Because the stationary background changes slower than the moving target signal. Thus median filter can be applied to a sequence of overlapping subaperture SAR images along the time to generate the background image. Next, each original frame is used to subtract the background image. Then the moving targets can be obtained.

zh-cn	机载圆迹 SAR 数据处理结果说明了该方法的有效性。
en-us	The proposed method is demonstrated on airborne CSAR moving targets dataset.

zh-cn	该文针对直觉模糊聚类算法不考虑空间邻域信息的缺点，提出一种基于核空间和加权邻域约束的直觉模糊C 均值聚类算法。
en-us	To overcome the shortcoming of Intuitionistic Fuzzy C-Means (IFCM) that it does not take into account the spatial information, a new Kernel-based algorithm with Weighted Spatial Information (KWSI_IFCM) is proposed.

zh-cn	该算法首先在直觉模糊 C 均值(Intuitionistic Fuzzy C-Means, IFCM)算法的基础上加入空间邻域约束关系，且赋予邻域内每个点不同的权重；
en-us	Firstly, the constraint of weighted spatial neighborhood information is added.

zh-cn	接着采用核诱导函数代替欧氏距离计算各点到聚类中心的距离；
en-us	Secondly, instead of Euclidean distance, kernel-induced function is used to measure the distance between pixels and cluster centers.

zh-cn	然后创建包含邻域信息的新的目标函数，最优化该目标函数得到新的隶属度及聚类中心的迭代表达式。
en-us	Thirdly, a new clustering objective function is created and then the iterative expressions of new membership and clustering centers are obtained by optimizing the new function.

zh-cn	利用所提出的新算法与同类聚类算法及基于显著过渡区域的二值化算法进行图像分割，并对结果进行定量分析后可知，所提出的算法最高能够得到 0.9776 的 F 度量值。
en-us	The quantitative analysis of image segmentation results using the new algorithm, other similar methods and a binarization method based on salient transition region shows that the new algorithm can get the F-measure value with 0.9776.

zh-cn	实验结果表明新算法性能稳定并且具有较高的分割精度。
en-us	The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can obtain higher stability and segmentation accuracy than similar fuzzy C-mean algorithm.

zh-cn	针对方位依赖阵列误差的校正问题，通过引入少量精确校正的辅助阵元，该文给出一种基于空域稀疏性的方位依赖阵列误差校正算法。
en-us	For calibration of direction-dependent gain-phase errors, with a few precisely calibrated instrumental sensors, a method that jointly estimates the direction-dependent gain-phase errors and the target azimuth by spatial sparsity of the signal is proposed.

zh-cn	将受方位依赖阵列误差扰动的阵列流型表示为理想情况下的阵列流型与幅相误差系数矩阵的乘积形式。
en-us	The array manifold that perturbed by direction-dependent gain-phase errors is denoted by the multiplication form of ideally array manifold and a gain-phase errors coefficient matrix, then the received signal is represented by sparse form.

zh-cn	同时利用接收信号的空域稀疏性，对接收信号进行稀疏表示，将阵列误差自校正问题转化为一个二元最优化问题，再通过交替迭代的优化方式求得两个优化变量的最优解，从而实现了信号方位与方位依赖阵列误差的联合估计。
en-us	The calibration for gain-phase error problem is formulated as a dual optimization problem, through alternating iterative optimization method to acquire the optimal solution of the two optimization variables, so as to realize the signal incident angle and azimuth dependent amplitude and phase errors of the optimized calculation.

zh-cn	该文所提算法相比于已有算法性能提升明显，参数估计性能优于传统算法且接近参数估计的Cramer-Rao 下界，仿真实验也验证了算法的有效性和优越性。
en-us	In this paper, the proposed algorithm has better performance than the existing algorithm, performance of the proposed algorithm is approximate to the Cramer-Rao low bound. The simulation experiments verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm.

zh-cn	该文提出一种基于两维相位编码的距离模糊抑制方法，该方法通过在发射端发射一种两维相位编码的波形，接收端在进行匹配滤波时，距离模糊信号相对于目标信号而言在两维频谱上都会产生偏移。
en-us	Based on a two-dimensional phase coding, a novel range ambiguity suppression method is proposed. By transmitting two-dimensional phase coded signals and demodulating the received signals, the two-dimensional spectrum of the range ambiguity is shifted along both range and azimuth directions.

zh-cn	在信号处理阶段，可以针对此频谱差异构造滤波器，实现对距离模糊能量的有效抑制，降低整个测绘带内的距离模糊比，提高合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像质量。
en-us	Considering the range frequency and Doppler oversampling, the spectrum of the range ambiguity located outside the data region of spectral support can be filtered out, which suppresses the range ambiguity. It allows for decreasing of the Range Ambiguity to Signal Ratio (RASR) and upgrading of the SAR image quality.

zh-cn	点仿真和面仿真结果都验证了该方法的有效性。
en-us	Simulation results for point targets and distributed targets validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

zh-cn	在加性高斯白噪声环境的单频复指数信号频率估计中，针对现有频率估计算法估计误差分布不均且估计精度较低的问题，该文提出一种细化频谱迭代插值估计算法。
en-us	In order to solve the problem of unhomogeneities of estimation error and expensive computing of existing algorithms, an iterative frequency estimation algorithm based on interpolated zoom spectrum is proposed.

zh-cn	该算法首先根据半长信号的快速傅里叶变换峰值位置计算细化频谱，再利用细化频谱幅值进行频率的无偏插值估计，最后利用估计结果和全长信号更新细化频谱并进行迭代插值重估。
en-us	Firstly, fast Fourier transform algorithm is applied to get the frequency corresponding to the peak spectral amplitude of the half-length signal. The unbiased estimation of frequency of the signal is then given based on the zoom spectra, which are calculated with the half-length signal. The zoom spectra are updated with the complete signal and the frequency is estimated with the updated zoom spectra, lastly.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，与现有算法相比，所提算法估计误差分布均匀，且在高信噪比的所有频率范围和低信噪比的大部分频率范围内估计精度更高。
en-us	Computing cost analysis proves the superiority of the algorithms when length of signal is long compared with the algorithms in the references.

zh-cn	同时仿真表明，所提算法在加性均匀噪声环境中也有较好的估计性能。
en-us	Simulation result verifies good performance of distribution of estimation error and estimation error of the proposed algorithm is closer to the Cramer-Rao lower bound at the circumstance of high signal to noise ratio.

zh-cn	由于具有灵活的频率划分能力，非均匀滤波器组在语音、图像等信号的处理中有着广泛的应用。
en-us	Owing to its flexible frequency decomposition ability, nonuniform filter banks are widely applied to speech and image signal processing.

zh-cn	该文针对非均匀 DFT 调制滤波器组无法直接合并构造的缺点，提出一种基于相位调制的构造方法。
en-us	However, the nonuniform Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) modulated filter bank can not be constructed by directly merging certain subbands of the uniform one.

zh-cn	在该方法中，非均匀DFT 调制滤波器组的子带滤波器由均匀 DFT 调制滤波器组经子带合并和相位调制获得。
en-us	In order to overcome this deficiency, a novel construction approach is proposed, in which the subband filters of the nonuniform filter bank are obtained by jointly employing the subband merging and phase modulation of the uniform one.

zh-cn	构造所得的非均匀滤波器组与原均匀滤波器组的重构特性近似相等。
en-us	The resultant nonuniform filter bank exhibits the very approximate overall performance as the uniform one.

zh-cn	同时推导出非均匀子带滤波器具备良好频率特性的条件。
en-us	Moreover, the conditions are derived for the nonuniform DFT modulated filter banks to possess satisfactory frequency characteristics.

zh-cn	理论分析和仿真结果均表明了所提的构造方法的有效性。
en-us	Both the theoretical analysis and simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

zh-cn	针对目前 Turbo 码分量编码器参数识别算法容错性不好、计算量大的缺点，该文提出一种基于校验方程符合度的新算法。
en-us	In order to solve the defects of poor error tolerance and large calculation amount in current Turbo-code encoder recognition algorithms, a new algorithm based on conformity of parity-check equation is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，根据码元约束长度较小的特点，构建出编码器生成多项式数据库，然后通过遍历多项式数据库，计算出每种多项式所对应的平均校验方程符合度值，其最大值所对应的索引号即为多项式库中的正确多项式索引号，从而完成编码多项式的识别。
en-us	Firstly, according to small code constraint length, the coding polynomial database is built, then each polynomial of average conformity of parity-check equation is calculated by traversing the database, as a result, the Turbo-code encoder can be realized, because the correct polynomial can make the conformity maximum.

zh-cn	该算法仅仅遍历有限的多项式数据库，其计算量较小，只与截获的数据量有关；算法采用的数据为软判决信息，故其容错性能较好。
en-us	The algorithm has small amount of calculation because of finite traversal, which is only related to amount of intercepted data, besides, this algorithm has good error tolerance by soft decisions.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明：在信噪比为 0 dB 条件下，仅需要截获 10码块，交织长度为 100 的码元数据量，参数的识别率就能达到 90%以上。
en-us	The simulation results show that the correct ratio of recognition can reach 90% at SNR of 0 dB by the 10 intercepted code blocks, and the length of each block is 100.

zh-cn	真值表约简是数字逻辑电路分析与设计的关键问题之一，形式概念分析(Formal Concept Analysis, FCA)是一种从形式背景进行数据分析和规则提取的工具。
en-us	Truth table reduction is one of the key problems in the analysis and design of digital logic circuits, and FCA (Formal Concept Analysis) is a tool for data analysis and rule extraction from formal contexts.

zh-cn	该文将多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO)真值表转化为决策形式背景，将真值表的约简问题转化为决策形式背景的最简规则提取过程，提出一种基于 FCA的 MIMO 真值表并行约简算法。
en-us	In this paper, MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) truth table is transformed into formal decision context, thus the reduction problem of truth table is transformed into the simplest rule extraction process of formal decision context. Then, a parallel reduction algorithm for MIMO truth table based on FCA is proposed.

zh-cn	通过理论证明、实例演示和算法的复杂性分析，说明了新算法的正确性、有效性和快速性。
en-us	The correctness, efficiency and rapidity of the new algorithm are illustrated by the theoretical proof, example demonstration and complexity analysis of the proposed algorithm.

zh-cn	该文研究基于频分正交信号的机载交轨稀疏阵列 SAR 下视 3 维成像问题。
en-us	The three-dimensional (3D) imaging of airborne sparse array SAR is studied.

zh-cn	为解决孔径综合方法带来的重复频率高、数据冗余量大和运动补偿等问题，提出一种基于修正均匀冗余阵列(Modified Uniformly Redundant Arrays, MURA)编码和干涉处理频域稀疏的 3 维成像方法，直接在距离频域稀疏采样条件下对目标场景进行下视 3维成像。
en-us	In order to avoid data redundancy, high Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) and motion compensation caused by aperture synthesis, the Modified Uniformly Redundant Arrays (MURA) is introduced for random modulation on echo data along the array antenna sampling plane.

zh-cn	引入 MURA 编码对回波数据在阵列采样平面进行正反编码调制，分别获得两幅 3 维复图像，并通过干涉处理使信号 3 维频谱集中在低频段，利用频域低通滤波或压缩感知(Compressed Sensing，CS)实现目标场景 3 维成像。
en-us	The MURA positive and negative coded echo signals are processed to form 3D complex images, respectively, and by interferometry of two images the 3D frequency spectrum of the signal is concentrated in low frequency band. Therefore, using low-pass filter or Compressed Sensing (CS) processing in frequency domain, 3D image with sufficient performance is obtained under the condition of sparse sampling in the frequency domain.

zh-cn	该方法具有回波数据利用率高和工作重复频率低的特点。
en-us	The method has the characteristics of high utilization rate of echo data and low repetition frequency of the system.

zh-cn	仿真分析和试验数据验证了方法的有效性。
en-us	Simulation results and experimental data of the anechoic chamber verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

zh-cn	3 维电场分量对传感器输出信号的耦合干扰是影响 3 维电场探测准确性的关键问题。
en-us	The accuracy of three dimensional electric field measurement is greatly influenced by the coupling interference between components of Three Dimension (3D) electric field applied to the electric field sensor.

zh-cn	为了减小耦合干扰，实现 3 维电场的准确测量，该文提出一种基于遗传算法的 3 维电场传感器解耦标定方法。
en-us	In order to reduce the coupling interference and to realize accurate measurements, a decoupling calibration method based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) of 3D electric field sensor is proposed.

zh-cn	区别于求逆矩阵运算的传统标定方法，该方法利用遗传算法并行全局搜索的特点，通过设置适应度函数和遗传算子获得最优化解耦标定矩阵，避免了复杂的矩阵求逆计算，减小了计算误差。
en-us	Different from the traditional calibration method based on the matrix inversion technology, GA is utilized to obtain the optimal decoupling calibration matrix by setting the objective function and evolution operators, which avoids the calculation errors in the complex matrix inversion.

zh-cn	该文设计了一种可实现传感器与电场矢量成任意夹角的测试标定装置，建立了电场理论值计算模型。
en-us	A calibration apparatus, which can make an arbitrary angle between the sensor and the electric field, is designed, and a calculation model of theoretical electric field values is built.

zh-cn	对基于矩阵求逆计算和基于遗传算法的两种解耦标定方法进行了对比实验，实验结果表明，基于遗传算法的 3 维电场传感器解耦标定方法与传统标定方法相比，有效地消除了电场分量对传感器的耦合干扰，提高了标定精度，实现了 3 维电场的准确测量。
en-us	Experiments are conducted to verify the decoupling calibration methods based on the matrix inversion technology and GA. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively eliminate coupling interferences, improve the calibration precision and realize accurate measurements.

zh-cn	为了保证异构网络中消息的机密性和认证性，该文定义了身份公钥密码 IDPKC 到无证书公钥密码 CLPKC异构签密模型，并提出具体的 IDPKC-to-CLPKC 异构签密方案。方案中双方密码系统参数相互独立，能够满足实际应用需求。
en-us	In order to ensure the confidentiality and authentication in different network environments, the security model of IDPKC-to-CLPKC heterogeneous signcryption is defined from IDentity-based Public Key Cryptography (IDPKC) to CertificateLess Public Key Cryptography (CLPKC), and a concrete IDPKC-to-CLPKC heterogeneous signcryption scheme is presented. The system parameters in IDPKC and CLPKC are independent on each other in the scheme, which can meet the practical requirements.

zh-cn	在随机预言模型下，基于 GBDH, CDH 和 q-SDH 困难假设，证明方案满足 IDPKC-to-CLPKC 异构签密的机密性和不可伪造性。
en-us	Based on the assumptions of Gap Bilinear Diffie-Hellman (GBDH), Computational Diffie-Hellman (CDH) and q-Strong Diffie-Hellman (q-SDH), the scheme is proved to satisfy the confidentiality and unforgeability in the random oracle model.

zh-cn	同时，该方案满足匿名性，通过密文无法判断发送方和接收方的身份，可以有效保护双方的身份隐私。
en-us	Moreover, the scheme is also proved to satisfy the properties of ciphertext anonymity, which means the attacker can not judge the identities of the sender and the receiver. Therefore, the scheme can effectively protect the privacy of both identities.

zh-cn	针对面向字级优化的通用处理器，在应对密码算法中大位宽比特置换操作时效率较低的问题，该文提出2N-2N 和 kN-kN(2k >)的大位宽比特置换操作高速实现方案。并针对方案中涉及的比特提取和比特提取-移位两种操作，分别提出专用扩展指令 BEX, BEX-ROT。
en-us	Wide-width bit permutation is a very commonly used operation in symmetric cryptographic algorithms. However, current word-oriented general microprocessors are inefficient to cope with the complex bit-level permutation operations. To solve this problem, two schemes for 2N-2N and kN-kN permutations are proposed respectively, including two extended instructions BEX and BEX-ROT.

zh-cn	在此基础上，对专用指令硬件架构的高效设计进行研究，提出一种基于 Inverse Butterfly 网络统一硬件架构-RERS(Reconfigurable Extract and Rotation Shifter)及相应可重构路由算法，以最大限度地共享硬件资源，减小电路面积。
en-us	Furthermore, the efficient hardware implementation of the instructions are studied, and then a unified hardware circuit named RERS (Reconfigurable Extract and Rotation Shifter) is proposed with a corresponding reconfigurable routing algorithm. The RERS can share hardware resources to achieve the purpose of reducing area.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，所提方案能够将处理器架构执行大位宽比特置换操作的指令条数缩减约 10 倍，大幅提升其处理效率。
en-us	The experimental results show that the proposed schemes can truly decrease the number of instructions for accomplishing an arbitrary wide-width bit permutation (instructions reduced by 10 times), which greatly accelerate the performance of microprocessors.

zh-cn	同时，由专用指令所带来的硬件资源开销和延迟开销均较低，不会影响到原架构正常工作频率。
en-us	At the same time, the overhead of hardware resources and delay caused by the two extended instructions is very low, which will not affect the normal operating frequency of the original microprocessors.

zh-cn	多径效应或多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达发射波形不完全正交的情况下会引入干扰，此种干扰通常被称为目标引入干扰。
en-us	In radar system, the target-induced interference often arises due to multipath effect or non-ideal transmit waveform of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar.

zh-cn	针对存在目标引入干扰的目标检测问题，该文基于 Wald 准则提出适用于均匀环境和非均匀环境下的自适应检测器，所提出的检测器可有效抑制目标引入的干扰，且具有恒虚警率(CFAR)特性。
en-us	For the issue of detecting a target with target-induced interference, the detectors are proposed based on the design criterion of Wald test both in the homogeneous environment and partially homogeneous environment. The proposed detectors are proved to be effective for suppressing the target-induced interference and they can ensure the desirable Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) property with respect to the unknown parameters of the noise.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，当干扰子空间已知时，该文所提出的检测器可完全抑制干扰，当干扰子空间未知时，所提检测器可有效抑制位于信号子空间的正交补空间内的干扰。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed detectors can suppress the interference effectively when the interference subspace is known, and can suppress the interference lying in the orthogonal complement space of the nominal signal subspace when the interference is completely unknown.

zh-cn	深度信息被证明是人类视觉的重要组成部分，然而大部分显著性检测工作侧重于 2 维图像上的方法，并不能很好地利用深度进行 RGB-D 图像显著性检测。该文提出一种融合显著深度特征的 RGB-D 图像显著目标检测方法，提取基于颜色和深度显著图的综合特征，根据构图先验和背景先验的方法进行显著目标检测。
en-us	Depth information is proved to be an important part of human vision. However, most saliency detection methods based on 2D images do not make good use of depth information, thus an effective saliency detection method for RGB-D image is presented. It extracts color feature combined with depth saliency feature and detects salient objects based on photographic composition prior and background prior.

zh-cn	首先，对原始深度图进行预处理：使用背景顶点区域、构图交点和紧密度处理深度图，多角度融合形成深度显著图，并作为显著深度特征，结合颜色特征形成综合特征；
en-us	First, original depth map is preprocessed to form depth saliency feature by background vertex area, photographic composition intersections, and compactness method. Then the association matrix is constructed by the adjacency weight of comprehensive feature.

zh-cn	其次，从前景角度，将综合特征通过边连接权重构造关联矩阵，根据构图先验，假设多层中心矩形为前景种子，通过流形排序方法计算出 RGB-D 图像的前景显著图；
en-us	Manifold ranking is running from foreground view to form foreground saliency map based on photographic composition prior and fusion of depth saliency feature and color feature.

zh-cn	从背景角度，根据背景先验以及边界连通性计算出背景显著图；
en-us	In order to correct the error caused by assumption, the boundary connectivity is used to suppress background from background view.

zh-cn	最后，将前景显著图和背景显著图进行融合并优化得到最终显著图。
en-us	Final saliency map builds on fusion of foreground and background saliency map.

zh-cn	实验采用 RGB-D1000 数据集进行显著性检测，并与 4 种不同的方法进行对比，所提方法的显著性检测结果更接近人工标定结果，PR(查准率-查全率)曲线显示在相同召回率下准确率高于其他方法。
en-us	Experiments compared with 4 different methods on RGB-D1000 database show that the proposed method has better precision-recall curve and outperforms the state- of-the-art methods.

zh-cn	为解决传统均匀 FFT 波束形成算法引起的 3 维声呐成像分辨率降低的问题，该文提出分区域 FFT 波束形成算法。
en-us	In order to solve the problem that traditional uniform FFT beamforming algorithm reduces the resolution of 3-D sonar imaging, this paper presents a sub-region FFT beamforming algorithm.

zh-cn	远场条件下，以保证成像分辨率为约束条件，以划分数量最少为目标，采用遗传算法作为优化手段将成像区域划分为多个区域。
en-us	In the far field, the imaging area is partitioned into multiple regions using genetic algorithm as the optimization method. The objective of the optimization process is to minimize the number of partitions, with the constraints being the imaging resolution.

zh-cn	在每个区域内选取一个波束方向，获得每一个接收阵元收到该方向回波时的解调输出，以此为原始数据在该区域内进行传统均匀 FFT 波束形成。
en-us	In each region, a beam direction is selected to obtain the demodulated output when each receiving element receives the directional echo as the original data, and the traditional uniform FFT beamforming is performed in the region.

zh-cn	对 FFT 计算过程进行优化，降低新算法的计算量，使其满足 3 维成像声呐实时性的要求。
en-us	The FFT computation process is optimized to reduce the computational complexity of the new algorithm to meet the real-time requirements of 3D imaging sonar.

zh-cn	仿真与实验结果表明，采用分区域 FFT 波束形成算法的成像分辨率较传统均匀FFT 波束形成算法有显著提高，且满足实时性要求。
en-us	Simulation and experimental results show that the imaging resolution of the sub-region FFT beamforming algorithm is significantly higher than that of the traditional uniform FFT beamforming algorithm, and satisfies the real-time requirement.

zh-cn	角闪烁是末制导阶段角跟踪误差的主要来源，如果对角闪烁处理不当会增大雷达跟踪目标的误差, 甚至丢失目标。
en-us	Angular glints are the main error sources for radar angular measurement in the terminal guidance, which may result larger tracking error or even lead to losses of the tracking if mishandled.

zh-cn	通过脉冲压缩获得高分辨距离像是抑制角闪烁的一种有效方法，但仍不能完全消除测角误差。
en-us	Although the angle glint can be suppressed to some extent through Higher Range Resolution Profile (HRRP) processing, the tracking errors due to multiple scattering centers can not be thoroughly eliminated.

zh-cn	研究发现高分辨成像对角闪烁的抑制效果与散射中心类型以及其方位特性相关。
en-us	It is found in this paper that the tracking errors are closely related with the attributes of scattering centers.

zh-cn	该文从理论上分析了局部型、分布型、滑动型等不同的散射中心类型对角跟踪产生的影响，然后通过全波法电磁计算结果验证理论分析结论。
en-us	The influence on angular measurements induced by scattering centers with various attributes is investigated theoretically and numerically in this paper. For high reliability of numerical results, the scattering responses of extended targets are simulated by the scattered fields computed by the full-wave numerical method in this paper.

zh-cn	该文研究结论对于抑制角闪烁、改善和提高雷达跟踪目标的性能具有参考价值。
en-us	The reached conclusion of this paper can provide a theoretical reference for the techniques in order to improve the tracing accuracy of extended targets with multiple scattering centers.

zh-cn	在高帧率的视频合成孔径雷达(VideoSAR)成像模式获得的图像序列中，多普勒频移使运动目标在实际位置留下阴影，且相邻帧图像具有很强相关性。
en-us	In the image sequence obtained by the high frame rate Video Synthetic Aperture Radar (VideoSAR) mode, the Doppler shift results in some shadows of the moving targets in their actual position, and a strong correlation exists between adjacent frames.

zh-cn	该文针对上述现象提出一种VideoSAR图像中动目标阴影检测的方法。
en-us	Based on the above rationale, this paper proposes an approach to detecting moving targets' shadow in VideoSAR imagery.

zh-cn	首先，对每帧图像通过结合尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)和随机抽样一致性(RANSAC)算法实现配准并进行背景补偿，再采用CattePM模型抑制相干斑噪声。
en-us	First, the Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) with RANdom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC) registration algorithm is used to compensate for the change of background of each frame, and the CattePM model is employed to suppress the speckle noise effectively.

zh-cn	然后通过Tsallis灰度熵的最大化阈值分割方法自动分离目标和背景，获得二值图像。
en-us	Then, in order to separate the targets and the background and generate binary images automatically, a threshold segmentation algorithm, called maximizing the Tsallis entropy, is applied.

zh-cn	最后，对相邻多帧图像背景建模并差分，再结合三帧间差分法提取动目标阴影，结果标记至原帧图像相应位置。
en-us	Finally, shadow detection is accomplished by the background difference with three frame difference method, and the detection results are marked on the corresponding position in the original frame.

zh-cn	基于美国Sandia实验室公布的VideoSAR成像片段，实现了多个移动车辆的检测，验证了所提算法的有效性。
en-us	Experimental results utilizing the VideoSAR imaging fragment published by Sandia National Laboratories show that multiple moving vehicles are detected effectively, hence the validity of the approach is demonstrated.

zh-cn	该文提出了一种基于内建自测试(BIST)的 Test-Per-Clock 混合模式向量产生方法。
en-us	A mixed-mode Test-Per-Clock Built In Self Test (BIST) scheme is proposed.

zh-cn	测试由两个部分组成：自由线性反馈移位寄存器(LFSR)伪随机测试模式和受控 LFSR 确定型测试模式。
en-us	The test consists of two parts: the free Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) pseudo-random test mode and the deterministic test pattern based on controlled LFSR.

zh-cn	伪随机测试模式用于快速地检测伪随机易测故障，减少确定型数据存储。
en-us	Pseudo random test mode is used to quickly detect pseudo-random susceptible faults and reduce the deterministic data storage.

zh-cn	受控 LFSR 测试模式采用直接存储在 ROM 中的控制位流对剩余故障产生确定型测试。
en-us	Controlled LFSR test mode uses the control bits directly stored in the ROM to generate a deterministic test of the remaining faults.

zh-cn	通过对提出的 BIST 混合模式测试结构理论分析，提出了伪随机向量的选取方法以及基于受控线性移位确定型测试生成方法。
en-us	Based on the theoretical analysis of the proposed mixed-mode BIST test structure, a pseudo-random test sequence selection method and a deterministic test generation method based on controlled linear shifter are proposed.

zh-cn	基准电路的仿真结果表明，该方法可以获得完全单固定型故障覆盖率，其测试产生器设计简单且具有良好的稳定性，与其他方法相比，具有较低的测试开销和较短的测试应用时间。
en-us	Simulation results on benchmark circuits show that the proposed method can obtain the complete single stuck-at fault coverage and has good stability in test generation. Compared with other methods, it has simpler Test Pattern Generator (TPG) design and lower test cost as well as shorter test application time.

zh-cn	合成孔径雷达高度计的关键技术特点是沿轨向的多普勒锐化和延迟距离校正技术。
en-us	The key invoation technology of Synthetic Aperture Radar ALtimeter (SARAL) are Doppler-beam sharppen and delay/doppler range compensation.

zh-cn	两者的结合使得其相对于传统雷达高度计具有沿轨向高分辨率和显著提高测高精度的优势。
en-us	The combination of these two technologies makes it has high along-track resolution and high precision in height measurement.

zh-cn	在 2 m 波高海况和 2 km 的地面网格下，其测高精度可以达到 2 cm。
en-us	On the basis of 2 m sea wave height and 2 km ground grid, the accuracy of sea surface height measured by SARAL will reach 2 cm.

zh-cn	为了验证合成孔径雷达高度计的测高精度，在充分研究合成孔径雷达高度计测高原理和传统雷达高度计定标方法的基础上，该文提出一种基于全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)浮标的合成孔径雷达高度计定标方法，采用时空一致性匹配和多基线联合解算方法提高海面高度测量精度，并将该方法应用于合成孔径雷达高度计首次机载试验中，通过对试验数据结果的处理分析，在验证合成孔径雷达高度计测高精度的同时，初步验证了该定标方法的可行性。
en-us	In order to verify the accuracy of SARAL, based on a thorough study of the SARAL height measurement principle and traditional radar altimeter calibration method, a calibration method for SARAL based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) buoy calibration is developed. The method uses temporal and spatial consistency matching and multi- baseline joint solution to improve the accuracy of sea surface height measurement, then it is applied to the first airborne test of SARAL and the first airborne flight experiment data processing. By analyzing the results of airborne flight experiment data, at the same time of validation SARAL measurement precision, the feasibility of the SARAL calibration method is preliminarily verified.

zh-cn	针对低信噪比情况下窄带雷达目标分类问题，该文提出基于时频分析的窄带雷达飞机目标分类特征提取方法。
en-us	A new feature extraction method based on time-frequency analysis is proposed for aircraft targets classification under low signal-to-noise ratio.

zh-cn	该方法利用喷气式飞机、螺旋桨飞机和直升机 3 类目标调制周期的差异，提取时频谱域的熵值变化特性，并给出时频分析中窗函数长度的优化选择方法。
en-us	This method uses the variances of time-domain modulation periods of jet aircraft, propeller aircraft and helicopter to extract the variation of entropy in the time-frequency domain and gives a way to select optimal window lengths.

zh-cn	基于仿真和实测数据的实验结果表明，该文方法可以在低信噪比情况下显著提升飞机目标正确分类概率。
en-us	Experimental result based on simulated data and measured data demonstrates that the proposed method can significantly improve the classification probability of aircraft targets under low signal-to-noise ratio.

zh-cn	针对异构密集网络场景中业务不确定性而引起的网络负载不均衡，该文提出一种基于部分可测马尔科夫决策过程(POMDP)负载感知的负载均衡方法。
en-us	In order to solve the load imbalance problem caused by uncertainty of traffic in heterogeneous dense cellular networks, this paper proposes a load balance algorithm through small cell range expansion. The proposed algorithm is based on Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP).

zh-cn	该方法首先通过对系统用户在感知周期内数据包传输数量进行观察，预测出下一周期系统可能出现的负载状态。
en-us	By observing the packets of system user during the perceptual cycle, the next cycle system possible load state can be dopted.

zh-cn	其次根据负载感知结果动态调整小区范围扩展偏置值(DCRE)，以达到优化系统整体负载均衡性的目的。
en-us	Then, the Dynamic Cell Range Expansion (DCRE) offset value is dynamically adjusted to take action in advance, reaching the purpose of optimizing the system load balance.

zh-cn	最后采用启发式算法近似求解，能够快速得到次优解。
en-us	To solve the problem efficiently, a heuristic algorithm is used to approximate and quickly get the suboptimal solution.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该方案能在异构密集网络下提高系统负载均衡性,同时提升了系统吞吐量与系统资源利用率。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed method can achieve load balance optimization in dense hetrogeneous network, and improve the system user throughput and resource utilization rate.

zh-cn	基于微多普勒效应理论的弹道目标 3 维成像与 3 维微动特征提取技术可为目标识别，导弹防御提供重要特征信息。
en-us	The Three-Dimensional (3-D) imaging and 3-D micro-motion feature extraction techniques for ballistic targets based on the micro-Doppler (m-D) effect theory can provide significant information for target recognition and ballistic missile defense.

zh-cn	该文将干涉式逆合成孔径雷达(InISAR)中多天线干涉处理的思想引入到弹道目标 3 维成像与 3 维微动特征提取研究中，将微多普勒效应理论与多天线干涉处理技术相结合，重构出散射点在各时刻的 3 维坐标，实现弹道目标的真实 3 维成像，并在此基础上解算出弹道目标的微动参数与结构参数。
en-us	The idea of multi-antenna interferometry processing from Interferometric Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (InISAR) is introduced into the 3-D imaging and 3-D micro-motion feature extraction of ballistic targets in the paper. Based on the integration of m-D effect theory and multi-antenna interferometry processing technology, the true 3-D image of target is obtained. The parameters of micro-motion and target structure are extracted by utilizing the reconstructed 3-D coordinates of target.

zh-cn	仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性与鲁棒性。
en-us	Simulations are given to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm.

zh-cn	该文针对应用非正交多址接入(NOMA)技术的多输入多输出(MIMO)下行通信系统，在考虑误差传播进行理论分析的基础上，提出一种基于距离和空间相关度的用户匹配准则，并对基站的发射功率分配进行优化。
en-us	A Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) downlink communication system employing Non- Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) technique is studied. Based on the theoretical analysis taking error propagation into account, a distance and spatial correlation based user matching criteria is proposed. In addition, the allocation of the base station's transmit power is optimized.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提方法能够在提高系统可容纳用户数的同时保证好的系统的和速率性能。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed method can increase the number of subscribers that the system can accommodate, while guaranteeing good system's sum-rate performance.

zh-cn	风电场作为一种运动的大型障碍物可能对航管二次监视雷达的性能产生影响。
en-us	Wind farms, which are motorial large obstacles, may degrade the performance of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) in Air Traffic Control (ATC).

zh-cn	目前航管二次监视雷达正在经历逐步由 A/C 模式到 S 模式的转变升级，研究风电场对航管二次监视雷达 S 模式的影响，对保障民航飞行安全具有重要意义。
en-us	The SSR is undergoing the upgrade from Mode A/C to Mode S. Thus, it is important and meaningful to study the impact of wind farms on SSR for protecting the safety of civil aviation.

zh-cn	该文在 S 模式和 A/C 模式信号特征对比分析的基础上，分析了 S 模式询问信号和应答信号可能受到风电场影响的条件，并由此给出了 S 模式二次雷达附近可能受风电场影响的飞行范围的计算方法，同时给出了其与A/C模式影响范围的定量化比较。
en-us	The conditions of determining the impacted flight region of the interrogation and response signals are analyzed based on the contrastive analysis of signal characteristics of Mode S and A/C. Also, the calculation method of impacted flight region caused by wind farms as well as the quantitative comparison are given.

zh-cn	该文所提方法及相关结论可以为风电场附近的雷达选址(或新建风电场选址)和飞行程序的设计提供依据。
en-us	The method and the conclusion can be used to provide a basis for selecting proper location for the radar near the wind farms (or address for new wind farms near the radar), and for designing a flight program.

zh-cn	同步压缩变换建立在小波变换的基础上，通过在较小频域范围内压缩小波系数，可有效改善信号的能量分布，提高时频聚集性。
en-us	SynchroSqueezing Transform (SST), based on the wavelet transform, can effectively improve the energy distribution and time-frequency aggregation of a signal by compressing the wavelet coefficients in a short frequency domain.

zh-cn	该文针对线性调频(LFM)信号的参数估计问题，根据适用于 LFM 信号的 Chirplet 变换，在同步压缩理论的框架下，提出一种同步压缩 Chirplet 变换方法(SSCT)。
en-us	To solve the parameter estimation problem of Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) signals, a new SynchroSqueezing Chirplet Transform (SSCT) is proposed within the framework of synchrosqueezing.

zh-cn	由于充分利用了 LFM 信号时间与频率的线性关系，SSCT 方法在提高 Chirplet 变换时频平面能量聚集性的同时，可实现信号参数的精确估计，且保留了Chirplet 变换窗函数选取灵活，无交叉项干扰等优点。
en-us	Taking full use of the linear relationship between the time and the frequency of an LFM signal, the SSCT method can improve the energy density on the time-frequency plane and estimate the signal parameters accurately, which at the same time keeps the advantages of the chirplet transform, such as flexible window function selecting and no cross-term interfering.

zh-cn	针对复杂噪声环境下的参数估计问题，进一步提出分数低阶SSCT 方法(FLOSSCT)。
en-us	Then a Fractional Lower Order SSCT (FLOSSCT) method is proposed in order to estimate the parameters of an LFM signal in the complex noise environment.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，在高斯噪声以及脉冲性更强的α稳定分布噪声背景下，该方法可有效实现 LFM 信号的参数提取，具有较好的鲁棒性。
en-us	The simulation results show that the SSCT and the FLOSSCT have good performance under the background of Gaussian and impulsive noise, respectively.

zh-cn	该文以含励磁环节的分数阶四阶电力系统模型为对象，研究其动力学行为并加以同步控制。
en-us	Based on the four-order power system model, a fractional-order power system model with excitation model is presented in this paper and the dynamic properties of the fractional-order system are investigated and controlled.

zh-cn	首先，固定系统参数，利用分岔图和最大 Lyapunov 指数谱计算系统产生混沌振荡的最低阶次。
en-us	Firstly, the fractional-order power system of 4D is given and then the minimum order for existence of chaotic oscillation in power system with fixed parameters is achieved through bifurcation diagram and maximum Lyapunov exponent.

zh-cn	其次，以单变量法分别研究机械功率、阻尼系数和励磁增益的改变对系统动力学行为的影响，通过数值仿真绘制系统随参数变化下的分岔图、Lyapunov 指数谱等，选取不同的系统初值，研究同一系统在不同初值的情况下存在的多吸引子共存现象。
en-us	Secondly, the influence of mechanical power, damping coefficient and excitation gain on system dynamics behavior is studied respectively. The bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponent spectrum of the system are plotted through numerical simulations, respectively. In addition, the coexistence of attractors with different initial conditions in the same system is investigated.

zh-cn	最后，基于分数阶系统稳定性理论和非线性反馈控制理论，设计同步控制器实现系统混沌控制，数值仿真验证了所设计控制器的有效性。
en-us	Finally, from the stability theory of fractional-order system and nonlinear feedback control theory, a synchronous controller of two power systems with different initials is designed, and numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the controller.

zh-cn	该文给出了一种对 13 类常用雷达信号波形的抗截获性能进行评价的新方法，可为雷达波形的设计者提供评价波形抗截获性能的一般性准则。
en-us	This paper presents a new method for evaluating the anti-interception performance of thirteen kinds of radar signals, which can be used to guide radar waveform designing.

zh-cn	该准则假定白噪声信号具有最好的抗截获性能，通过将不同雷达信号波形和白噪声信号进行比较，得出雷达信号和白噪声的相似程度。
en-us	The method assumes that white noise signal has the best anti-interception performance, by comparing different radar signals with it, the similarity degree of radar signal and white noise signal can be obtained.

zh-cn	首先，利用 Wigner 半圆法推出白噪声和雷达信号的特征分布函数，然后用 KL 散度来表示雷达信号和白噪声之间的相似性，较小的 KL 散度值，意味着较强的抗截获性能，反之亦然。
en-us	First, the characteristics distribution function of white noise and radar signal distribution function are introduced using Wigner semicircle law. Second, KL divergence is used to represent the similarity between radar signal and white noise. Small value of KL divergence means better anti interception performance, and vice versa.

zh-cn	理论推导和仿真验证表明这种评价准则可对不同雷达信号波形的抗截获性能进行有效评价。
en-us	Theoretical derivation and simulation results show that this method can evaluate the anti interception performance of different radar signals effectively.

zh-cn	为解决传统非接触式静电仪工作时振动或旋转部件裸露在外，无法在静电高危区域使用，难以测量运动人体带电情况等难题，该文研制出基于 MEMS 电场传感器的非接触式静电测量装置。
en-us	The vibrating or rotating parts of the traditional non-contact voltmeters are exposed, thus they can not be used in high-risk areas, and can hardly measure moving bodies. To solve the above problems, this paper develops new non-contact voltmeters based on MEMS electric field sensors.

zh-cn	提出一种新型检测电极与敏感芯片相连结构，显著增大了电场感应面积，增强了灵敏度。
en-us	A new detecting electrode, which connects to the sensor chip, is brought out and effectively enhances the sensitivity.

zh-cn	设计 11 个检测电极分布式布置形成门体结构，成功实现人体头、肩、臂、手、腿、脚部位在运动过程中带电情况的同时测量。
en-us	Eleven electrodes are placed on a door frame, and measure the charge distribution of head, shoulder, arm, hand, leg and foot at the same time.

zh-cn	基于金属仿真带电人体，提出模拟应用现场的标定方法，准确实现了静电安检门的标定。
en-us	By means of a metal human body model, a new calibration method for application is proposed. The voltmeter built in this paper is accurately calibrated.

zh-cn	该静电测量装置具有无裸露可动部件、安全性高、环境适应性强等突出优点，满足粉尘浓度高、易燃油气浓度高等恶劣环境下的使用需求。
en-us	The voltmeters have significant advantages, such as no exposed moving components, safety, high environmental adaptability, and therefore can be used under high dust concentration, high concentration of flammable gas and other harsh environments.

zh-cn	试验结果表明，该装置测量范围为-30~30 kV，分辨力优于 50 V，总不确定度优于 3%。
en-us	Test results show that the measurement range is -30~30 kV, the volt resolution is better than 50 V, and the uncertainty is better than 3%.

zh-cn	该文针对协作认知无线电网络场景，提出一种基于索引调制正交频分复用(OFDM-IM)的新型协作中继设计方法。
en-us	A novel two time slots Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing-Index Modulation (OFDM-IM)- aided cooperative relaying protocol is proposed for Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networks (CCRN).

zh-cn	该方法将 OFDM-IM 技术应用于从用户发送端，将从用户的传输空间划分为信号空间和索引空间。
en-us	In the proposed scheme, OFDM-IM technique is used at the Secondary User (SU) to split the transmission space into the signal constellation domain and the index domain.

zh-cn	从用户在其信号空间上转发主用户的信息，同时在索引空间传输从用户信息。
en-us	Specifically, the Secondary Transmitter (ST) of SU acts as a Decode-and-Forward (DF) relay to transmit the information of the Primary User (PU) in the signal constellation domain, while the information bits of SU are carried by the index domain.

zh-cn	通过这种方式，主、从用户之间不存在相互干扰。
en-us	Through this design concept, the mutual interference between the PU and SU can be avoided.

zh-cn	针对此模型，该文分析了主、从用户的误码率，理论推导了相关表达式，并讨论了从用户的位置对主、从用户性能的影响。
en-us	Upper bounds on the Bit Error Probabilities (BEPs) of the PU and SU are analytically derived. The influence of ST's location to the BER performance of PU and SU is also analysed.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该文所提设计方法能够同时提升主、从用户的误码率性能，且均优于传统的基于OFDM 的协作中继方式。
en-us	Several numerical results and discussions are provided to substantiate the theoretical analysis, and it is shown that the proposed protocol is a viable candidate for OFDM-based CR networks since it can enhance the BER performances of both PU and SU.

zh-cn	该文针对概率主成分分析(PPCA)模型用于 1 维高分辨距离像(HRRP)识别对噪声敏感的问题，对经典PPCA 模型进行修正。
en-us	In order to improve the sensitivity problem of using Probabilistic Principal Component Analysis (PPCA) model for HRRP recognition, a modified method is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法将基于高斯分布的 PPCA 模型扩展为基于 t 分布的 PPCA 模型，能够综合利用 t 分布对噪声稳健和 PPCA 模型自由参数少的特性。
en-us	T-distribution is adopted as the basis of PPCA model rather than Gaussian distribution in this method, which utilizes not only the t-distribution's robustness, but also less free parameters of PPCA characteristic.

zh-cn	同时为了减少目标方位敏感性对 HRRP 统计建模的影响，进一步将 t 分布模型扩展为混合概率 t 分布模型，能够以分布趋同的原则将不同方位帧内具有相同统计特性的 HRRP 数据进行聚类，减少模型的失配，改善识别性能。
en-us	Further, to eliminate the targets' azimuth sensitivity, the mixture t-distribution is substituted for single t-distribution. This modification offers a potential to model the similar density of HRRP in different azimuth range adequately for clustering and reduces the mismatch between models, thus improves the recognition performance.

zh-cn	模型参数通过期望最大值(EM)算法估计，可提高计算效率。
en-us	Estimation of parameters is achieved by EM algorithm to avoid the drawbacks of maximum-likelihood estimation and improve the estimation efficiency.

zh-cn	最后，通过贝叶斯规则，以获取的统计特征识别测试数据，仿真结果表明该方法能够提高低信噪比条件下 PPCA 模型的稳健性。
en-us	Finally, in the simulation experiment Bayesian rule and the estimation statistical features are adopted together to test new HRRPs, the results show this method can improve the robustness of PPCA model in low SNR conditions.

zh-cn	该文基于 Laplace 相似度量的构造方法，针对两阶段显著目标检测中显著种子的不同类型(稀疏或稠密)，提出了相应的显著性扩散模型，从而实现了基于扩散的两阶段互补的显著目标检测。
en-us	Based on Laplace similarity metrics, corresponding diffusion-based saliency models are proposed according to different clusters (sparse or dense) of salient seeds in the two-stage detection, a diffusion-based two-stage complementary method for salient object detection is therefore investigated.

zh-cn	尤其是第 2 阶段扩散模型中汇点的融入，一方面更好地抑制了显著性图中的背景，同时对于控制因子α的取值更加稳健。
en-us	Especially for the introduction of sink points in the second stage, saliency maps obtained by this proposed method can well restrain background parts, as well as become more robust with the change of control factorα.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，当显著种子确定时，不同的扩散模型会导致显著性扩散程度的差异。
en-us	Experiments show that different diffusion models will cause diversities of saliency diffusion degree when salient seeds are determined.

zh-cn	基于带汇点 Laplace 的两阶段互补的扩散模型较其他扩散模型更有效、更稳健。
en-us	In addition, the two-stage Laplace-based diffusion model with sink points is more effective and robust than other two-stage diffusion models.

zh-cn	同时，从多项评价指标分析，该算法与目前流行的 5 种显著目标检测算法相比，具有较大优势。
en-us	Meanwhile, the proposed algorithm is superior over the existing five state-of-the-art methods in terms of different metrics.

zh-cn	这表明此种用于图像检索或分类的 Laplace 相似度量的构造方法在显著目标检测中也是适用的。
en-us	This exactly shows that the similarity metrics method applied to image retrieval and classification is also available for salient objects detection.

zh-cn	现实世界中的网络结构呈现出重叠社区的特征。
en-us	Overlapping is one of the most important characteristics of real-world networks.

zh-cn	在研究经典的标签算法的基础上，该文提出基于贡献函数的重叠社区发现算法。
en-us	Based on the classic labeling algorithm, the overlapping-community orientated label propagation algorithm based on contribution function is proposed.

zh-cn	算法将每个节点用三元组(阈值、标签、从属系数)集合来表示。
en-us	In this algorithm, each node is indicated by a set of triples (threshold, label, and coefficient).

zh-cn	节点的阈值是每次迭代过程中标签淘汰的依据，该值由多元线性方程自动计算而来。
en-us	The threshold value of every node is used as a metric for labels decision, which is calculated automatically by multiple linear regression equation.

zh-cn	从属系数用于衡量当前节点与标签所标识社区的相关度，从属系数的值越大说明该节点与标签所标识社区的关联性越强。
en-us	The dependent coefficient is used to measure the relevance of the current node with the correspondent community which is marked by the label. A greater value of dependent coefficient means a stronger association between the node and the community.

zh-cn	在每一次迭代的过程中，算法依据贡献函数计算每个节点的从属系数，并生成新的三元组集合。
en-us	During each iteration process, the dependent coefficients are calculated through Contribution Function (CF) of each node, and new triples are produced.

zh-cn	然后依据标签决策规则淘汰标签，进行从属系数规范化。
en-us	Then the labels in terms of decision rules are selected, and the dependent coefficients of the node are normalized.

zh-cn	通过对真实的复杂网络和 LFR(Lancichinetti Fortunato Radicchi)自动生成的网络进行测试可知，该算法的社区划分准确率高，而且划分结果稳定。
en-us	According to the tests with real-world networks and automatic generation of LFR (Lancichinetti Fortunato Radicchi) test network, the algorithm can divide communication with high accuracy and robust result.

zh-cn	该文针对虚拟网络映射过程中节点与链路映射关联性差、虚拟邻接节点映射距离远和相邻节点链路资源消耗不均衡的问题，提出一种两阶段的基于节点邻近感知与路径综合评估的虚拟网络映射算法(NA-PVNM)。
en-us	To solve the problems of poor correlation in node mapping and link mapping, wide apart of adjacent virtual node during mapping and imbalance resource consumption of nodes with their adjacent links, a two-stage Virtual Network Mapping algorithm is proposed based on Node Adjacent-awareness and Path comprehensive evaluation (NA-PVNM).

zh-cn	在节点映射阶段，首先对虚拟节点按照资源请求和广度优先搜索算法排序，然后对每个虚拟节点的候选物理节点考虑资源丰富度和拓扑邻近性，建立了节点适应值函数计算最佳映射节点。
en-us	In the stage of node mapping, firstly, virtual nodes are ranked according to resources request and breadth-first search, secondly, a node fitness function is set to find the best node in candidates of a virtual node, which takes resource richness and topology connection feature into account.

zh-cn	在链路映射阶段，采用 k 最短路径算法，对每条候选路径考虑可用带宽、途经物理节点资源最大值和路径跳数，通过路径适应值函数计算最佳路径。
en-us	In the stage of link mapping, a path fitness function is set to find the best path in candidates, which takes available bandwidth, node resource and hops of path into account.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明算法降低了链路映射长度，提高了虚拟网络请求接受率和收益开销比。
en-us	Simulation results show that the path distances of virtual links are reduced, the acceptance ratio and revenue/cost ratio of virtual networks are improved using the proposed NA-PVNM algorithm.

zh-cn	实验分析了位置约束和物理网络拓扑性质对算法性能的影响以及映射过程中物理网络资源占用情况。
en-us	The influence of location constraint and substrate topology feature on algorithm performance, and the resource occupancy of substrate network during mapping are analyzed by experiments.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，在物理资源分布和虚拟网络请求的条件约束下，提高虚拟网络映射成功率的关键在于减少映射时的资源消耗。
en-us	Experimental results show that, under the constraint of physical resource distribution and virtual network requests, the critical factor of improving success rate is to reduce resource consumption during mapping.

zh-cn	基于变换技术的图像融合是多聚焦图像融合中常采用的方法，其过程是将图像转换到变换域按照一定的融合规则进行融合后再反变换回来，具有较强的抗噪能力，融合效果明显。
en-us	Image fusion based on image transform technologies is always used in multi-focus image fusion. It transforms images into transform domain and fuses the transformed image according to a specific fusion rule. After that, the fused image is achieved by the inverse image transform. The transform based image fusion methods are robust to noise and the fused results are widely accepted.

zh-cn	该文提出一种基于离散 Tchebichef 正交多项式变换的多聚焦图像融合方法，首次将离散正交多项式变换应用到多聚焦图像融合领域。
en-us	This paper proposes a multi-focus image fusion method based on discrete Tchebichef orthogonal polynomial transform. Discrete orthogonal polynomial transform is firstly introduced to the field of multi-focus image fusion.

zh-cn	该方法成功地利用了图像的空间频率与其离散 Tchebichef 正交多项式变换系数之间的关系，通过离散正交多项式变换系数直接得到空间频率值，避免了将离散多项式变换系数变换到空域计算的过程。
en-us	The proposed method combines the spatial frequency with the discrete orthogonal polynomial transform coefficients of image, and it directly achieves the value of spatial frequency by the discrete orthogonal polynomial transform coefficients of the image and avoids the process of recalculation that transforms the discrete orthogonal polynomial transform coefficients to space domain.

zh-cn	所提方法节省了融合时间，并提高了融合效果。
en-us	The proposed method can reduce the fusing  time in multi-focus image fusion and improves the fusion effect.

zh-cn	针对传统无线局域网(WLAN)室内定位系统中因参考点密集分布及逐点信号采集所带来的位置指纹数据库构建工作量繁重的问题，该文提出一种基于混合半监督流形学习和 3 次样条插值的数据库构建方法。
en-us	To deal with the high cost involved in the location fingerprint database construction due to the dense Reference Points (RPs) distribution and point-by-point Received Signal Strength (RSS) collection in the conventional Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) indoor localization systems, a new database construction approach based on the integrated semi-supervised manifold learning and cubic spline interpolation is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法利用少量标记数据和大量未标记数据求解定位目标函数的最优解，同时根据高维信号强度空间与低维物理位置空间的映射关系，实现对未标记数据的位置标定。
en-us	The proposed approach utilizes a small amount of labeled data and a massive amount of unlabeled data to find the optimal solution to localization target function, and meanwhile relies on the mapping relations between the high-dimensional signal strength space and low-dimensional physical location space to calibrate the unlabeled data with location coordinates.

zh-cn	大量实验结果表明，该方法能够在保证较高定位精度的同时，显著降低位置指纹数据库的构建开销。
en-us	The extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach is able to guarantee the high localization accuracy, as well as significantly reduce the cost involved in location fingerprint database construction.

zh-cn	该文针对现有推荐算法在面对托攻击时鲁棒性不高的问题，提出一种基于模糊核聚类和支持向量机的鲁棒推荐算法。
en-us	The existing collaborative recommendation algorithms have low robustness against shilling attacks. To solve this problem, a robust collaborative recommendation algorithm is proposed based on Fuzzy Kernel Clustering (FKC) and Support Vector Machine (SVM).

zh-cn	首先，根据攻击概貌间高度相关的特性，利用模糊核聚类方法在高维特征空间对用户概貌进行聚类，实现攻击概貌的第 1 阶段检测。
en-us	Firstly, according to the high correlation characteristic between attack profiles, the FKC method is used to cluster user profiles in high-dimensional feature space, which is the first stage of the attack profile detection.

zh-cn	然后，利用支持向量机分类器对含有攻击概貌的聚类进行分类，实现攻击概貌的第 2阶段检测。
en-us	Then, the SVM classifier is used to classify the cluster including attack profiles, which is the second stage of the attack profile detection.

zh-cn	最后，基于攻击概貌检测结果，通过构造指示函数排除攻击概貌在推荐过程中产生的影响，并引入矩阵分解技术设计相应的鲁棒协同推荐算法。
en-us	Finally, an indicator function is constructed based on the attack detection results to reduce the influence of attack profiles on the recommendation, and it is combined with the matrix factorization technology to devise the corresponding robust collaborative recommendation algorithm.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，与现有的基于矩阵分解模型的推荐算法相比，所提算法不但具有很好的鲁棒性，而且准确性也有提高。
en-us	Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing methods in terms of both recommendation accuracy and robustness.

zh-cn	在采用偏好 NSGAII 算法求解多子区域重点覆盖的短波网络频率优化指配时，针对算法中非支配排序耗时较多的问题，该文提出一种偏好排序淘汰的 NSGAII 算法。
en-us	This paper proposes a preference ranking elimination NSGAII algorithm to deal with the time-consuming issue of the preference NSGAII algorithm in optimizing HF network frequency assignment in multi-areas outstanding coverage.

zh-cn	在进行非支配排序前，根据解的偏好评价排序结果淘汰一部分偏好评价较差的解，减少参与非支配排序的解的数量从而减少求解时间，同时降低偏好评价结果较差的个体解被选中进行交叉、变异的概率，提高算法的求解效率和求解效果。
en-us	The proposed algorithm sorts and eliminates solutions according to their preference evaluation priori to the non-dominate sorting. By eliminating solutions with low ranking, the number of solutions participates in non-dominate sorting is reduced. The calculation time and the probability of selecting low ranking individuals for crossover or mutation are both decreased.

zh-cn	在进行的 48 组数据测试中，该文算法在其中 38 组决策解偏好评价结果和求解时间同时最优，相同迭代次数时相比偏好 NSGAII 算法节省 27%的求解时间。
en-us	The proposed algorithm simultaneously achieves the best performance and least calculation time in 38 of 48 sets experiments. Constrained with the same iteration number, the proposed algorithm saves 27% of computation time against the preference NSGAII algorithm.

zh-cn	结果表明通过偏好排序淘汰机制的引入，更好利用了偏好信息，使算法用较少的时间求得更好的偏好解。
en-us	Experimental results show that by adopting preference evaluation sorting, the proposed algorithm takes less time and obtains a better solution.

zh-cn	为了实现网络资源的动态分配，提高网络资源利用率，满足用户业务多样性带来的切片网络差异需求，该文提出一种基于网络效用最大化的虚拟资源分配算法。
en-us	To realize the dynamic allocation of network resources, improve the network resources utilization and meet the demand of the diverse networks, this paper proposes a virtual resource allocation algorithm based on network utility maximization.

zh-cn	该算法采用商业化模式将频谱资源作为收益载体，并对不同切片网络进行差异化定价。
en-us	The spectrum resource is used as the revenue and the differentiated price is commercialized according to slicing networks.

zh-cn	同时将计算资源和回程链路作为开销，还考虑了切片网络对计算资源和频谱资源的差异性需求，最后以最大化网络收益建立效用模型。
en-us	It also takes the computing resources and the backhaul as the cost, and also takes into account the different demands of the slicing network on the computing resources and spectrum resources. Finally, the utility model is established to maximize the network revenue.

zh-cn	并通过拉格朗日对偶分解设计了分布式迭代算法对效用模型进行求解。
en-us	A distributed iterative algorithm is designed to solve the utility model by Lagrangian dual decomposition.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该算法提高了服务用户比例，并使得网络资源获得最大收益。
en-us	The simulation results show that the algorithm improves the percentage of service users and maximizes the network revenue.

zh-cn	基于单幅高分辨率遥感图像的建筑物几何参数提取结果的准确性，容易受图像背景、图像噪声以及灰度分布相似性的干扰，形成错误的提取结果。
en-us	Due to algorithms for buildings' geometric parameters extraction from single high remote sensing image usually suffer from disturbances of background, noise and intensity similarity, resulting in wrong extraction results.

zh-cn	针对这一问题，该文提出一种新的基于形状先验的变分水平集提取方法，该方法同时使用图像边缘信息、区域灰度信息以及包含屋顶和侧立面的形状先验信息，实现单幅遥感图像中建筑物的几何参数的提取。
en-us	In this paper, a novel variational level set model is proposed based on shape prior which integrates edge, gray, and shape prior including roof and facade, to extract buildings' geometric parameters from a single high resolution remote sensing image.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该方法能够更加准确地提取建筑物，最后得到的几何参数比较接近真值，并且由于更加充分地使用了全局形状信息该方法能更好地抵制侧立面的干扰，具有很强的鲁棒性。
en-us	Experimental results show that the proposed method can extract buildings' geometric parameters accurately. Moreover, it has strong robustness with respect to the disturbance of facade due to the more sufficient utilization of the whole shape prior.

zh-cn	非凸非光滑优化问题涉及科学与工程应用的诸多领域，是目前国际上的研究热点。
en-us	Nonconvex nonsmooth optimization problems are related to many fields of science and engineering applications, which are research hotspots.

zh-cn	该文针对已有基于早期罚函数神经网络解决非光滑优化问题的不足，借鉴 Lagrange 乘子罚函数的思想提出一种有效解决带等式和不等式约束的非凸非光滑优化问题的递归神经网络模型。
en-us	For the lack of neural network based on early penalty function for nonsmooth optimization problems, a recurrent neural network model is proposed using Lagrange multiplier penalty function to solve the nonconvex nonsmooth optimization problems with equality and inequality constrains.

zh-cn	由于该网络模型的罚因子是变量，无需计算罚因子的初始值仍能保证神经网络收敛到优化问题的最优解，因此更加便于网络计算。
en-us	Since the penalty factor in this network model is variable, without calculating initial penalty factor value, the network can still guarantee convergence to the optimal solution, which is more convenient for network computing.

zh-cn	此外，与传统 Lagrange 方法不同，该网络模型增加了一个等式约束惩罚项，可以提高网络的收敛能力。
en-us	Compared with the traditional Lagrange method, the network model adds an equality constraint penalty term, which can improve the convergence ability of the network.

zh-cn	通过详细的分析证明了该网络模型的轨迹在有限时间内必进入可行域，且最终收敛于关键点集。
en-us	Through the detailed analysis, it is proved that the trajectory of the network model can reach the feasible region in finite time and finally converge to the critical point set.

zh-cn	最后通过数值实验验证了所提出理论的有效性。
en-us	In the end, numerical experiments are given to verify the effectiveness of the theoretic results.

zh-cn	单幅图像盲去卷积的目的是从一幅观测的模糊图像估计出模糊核和清晰图像。
en-us	The purpose of single image blind deconvolution is to estimate the unknown blur kernel from a single observed blurred image and recover the original sharp image.

zh-cn	该问题是严重病态的，尤其是观测图像中噪声不可忽略时更具挑战性。
en-us	Such a task is severely ill-posed and even more challenging especially in the condition that the noise in the input image can not be negligible.

zh-cn	该文主要针对如何有效利用低秩先验约束进行噪声模糊图像盲去卷积问题，提出一种在交替最大后验(MAP)估计框架下利用低秩先验约束的单幅噪声模糊图像盲去卷积方法。
en-us	In this paper, the main problem this study focuses on is how to effectively apply low rank prior to blind deconvolution. A single noisy and blurry image blind deconvolution algorithm is proposed, using alternating Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) estimation combined with low rank prior.

zh-cn	首先，在估计中间复原图像时，利用低秩先验约束对复原图像中的噪声进行抑制。
en-us	First, when estimating the intermediate latent image, low rank prior is used as the constraint that is used for noise suppression of the restored image.

zh-cn	然后，采用降噪后的中间复原图像估计模糊核，得到更好质量的模糊核估计。
en-us	Then the denoised intermediate latent image in turn leads to higher quality blur kernel estimation.

zh-cn	迭代上述两个操作获得最终可靠的模糊核估计。
en-us	These two operations are iterated in this manner to arrive at reliable blur kernel estimation.

zh-cn	最后，根据所估计的模糊核，通过非盲去卷积方法复原出清晰图像。
en-us	Finally, the non-blind deconvolution method is chosen to be used with sparse prior knowledge to achieve the final latent image restoration.

zh-cn	实验结果表明：所提方法在定量和定性评价指标上优于已有的代表性方法。
en-us	Extensive experiments manifest the superiority of the proposed method over state-of-the-art techniques, both qualitatively and quantitatively.

zh-cn	主被动联合微波成像仪(MICAP)是面向全球星载海洋盐度探测应用提出的一种新技术方案，由 L, C, K频段辐射计及 L 波段散射计组成。
en-us	Microwave Imager Combined Active and Passive (MICAP) is a new ocean salinity measure. The imager is composed of L, C, and K band radiometers and an L band scattermeter.

zh-cn	其中 L 波段 1 维综合孔径辐射计是 MICAP 的核心，用以实现海洋盐度高精度观测。
en-us	The L band one dimensional synthetic aperture radiometer is a key part of MICAP, which is used to realize the high precision measurement of the ocean salinity.

zh-cn	为了验证 MICAP 概念和性能，研制了一台地面原理样机并进行了试验研究。
en-us	In order to demonstrate the concept and performance of MICAP, a ground-based prototype is developed and experiments are carried out.

zh-cn	该文介绍了 MICAP 样机的 L波段综合孔径辐射计子系统的研究与试验结果。
en-us	This paper introduces the development and experimental results of the L band synthetic aperture radiometer in the MICAP prototype.

zh-cn	首次推导了一种使用三阶量化均值对数字相关到模拟相关转换中的AD 偏置误差进行校正的计算方法。
en-us	For the first time, a method is proposed to correct the AD offset error of digital to analog correlation conversion by using the three level quantization means.

zh-cn	该文的研究成果将为海洋盐度卫星 MICAP 及全球水循环卫星 WCOM 提供技术参考。
en-us	These experimental studies provide technical preparation for both the future Chinese ocean salinity mission and the global water cycle observation mission.

zh-cn	海洋磁场测量是海洋科学观测、海底资源勘探、国防安全等领域的基本手段之一。
en-us	Marine magnetic survey is one of the basic methods for oceanographic observation, seabed resource prospection and national defense security.

zh-cn	研究海浪等海水运动的磁场噪声机理、预测模型及抑制方法对于提高海洋磁测精度具有重要的意义。
en-us	Learning about the mechanism of the wave induced magnetic field, the prediction model and the methods of noise suppression are of great importance for improving the measurements accuracy.

zh-cn	该文在分析一阶 Stokes 波浪运动方程的基础上，提出一种改进型的海浪磁场模型，并推导出深海和浅海条件下的简化公式。
en-us	On the basis of analysing the first order Stokes wave motion equations, this paper proposes an improved model of the ocean wave induced magnetic field, together with simplified formulas for the deep and shallow water conditions.

zh-cn	为了验证模型的有效性，在 2015 年第 15 号台风“天鹅”过境期间，对我国南海某海域的海洋环境磁场进行了观测，并将该文模型和经典的Weaver 模型分别与测试结果进行了对比。结果表明，该文提出的改进型模型能够更加准确地预测海浪磁场大小，预测精度比 Weaver 模型提高了近一个量级，可为海洋磁场测量的噪声抑制提供一种更加有效的工具。
en-us	In order to verify the validity of the model, an observation was done in the South China Sea in 2015. By comparing the proposed model with the classic Weaver's model and the test results, it is shown that the proposed modified model can make an accurate prediction which is nearly an order of magnitude higher than Weaver's model on the ocean wave induced magnetic field. This makes the proposed model a more effective tool of noise suppression for Marine magnetic field measurement.

zh-cn	近几年来，由于小型无人机的兴起，基于 FMCW 体制的合成孔径雷达(SAR)由于体积小，重量轻，成本低得到了快速发展。
en-us	Because of compact size, light weight, low-cost, FMCW SAR develops rapidly in recent years with the rose of the small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV).

zh-cn	然而，由于传统的脉冲 SAR 中的“停-走”假设不再成立，FMCW SAR 成像处理与传统的脉冲 SAR 有着很大的不同，这样使得在 FMCW SAR 实测数据进行处理和分析时往往缺乏理论支撑。
en-us	However, the signal processing methods are very different from that of pulsed-SAR due to the invalid suppose of "stop and go" and hence it is some confused in the real-data processing.

zh-cn	因此，开展FMCW SAR 的信号处理研究具有重要的现实意义和军事价值。
en-us	Therefore, it is significant to make a deep research of FMCW SAR.

zh-cn	目前，国内外关于 FMCW SAR 的研究主要集中在其成像处理方法上，在回波模拟方向研究甚少，特别是对于既包含分布式运动目标又有静止目标下的真实场景下的 FMCW SAR 回波快速模拟方法更是鲜有涉及。
en-us	However, much attention is paid on the aspect of data focusing while little research concentrates on the raw data simulation, especially for moving targets.

zh-cn	基于此，该文在 FMCW SAR 平台脉内连续运动的基础上推导了一种适用于动静目标的精确的 FMCW SAR 2 维频域模型，并基于该模型提出一种高效精确的 FMCW SAR 动静目标混合场景回波模拟的方法。
en-us	In view of these, this paper firstly derived an accurate 2-D spectrum model in the consideration of the in-pulses motion of FMCW SAR, and then a highly-efficient raw data simulation method for FMCW SAR with moving targets is proposed.

zh-cn	点目标和场景目标的仿真试验验证了该模拟方法的有效性，效率分析发现该种模拟方法的效率远高于传统的仿真方法。
en-us	Point targets and real scene raw data simulation experiments are carried out to validate it and the its efficiencyis analyzed. Results show its high efficiency comparing with the conventional methods.

zh-cn	将机器学习运用到视网膜血管分割当中已成为一种趋势，然而选取什么特征作为血管与非血管的特征仍为众所思考的问题。
en-us	How to apply machine learning to retinal vessel segmentation effectively has become a trend, however, choosing what kind of features for the blood vessels is still a problem.

zh-cn	该文利用将血管像素与非血管像素看作二分类的原理，提出一种混合的 5D 特征作为血管像素与非血管像素的表达，从而能够简单快速地将视网膜血管从背景中分割开来。
en-us	In this paper, the blood vessels of pixels are regarded as a theory of binary classification, and a hybrid 5D features for each pixel is put forward to extract retinal blood vessels from the background simplely and quickly.

zh-cn	其中 5D 特征向量包括 CLAHE (Contrast Limited Adaptive Histgram Equalization)，高斯匹配滤波，Hesse 矩阵变换，形态学底帽变换，B-COSFIRE(Bar-selective Combination Of Shifted FIlter REsponses)，通过将融合特征输入 SVM(支持向量机)分类器训练得到所需的模型。
en-us	The 5D eigenvector includes Contrast Limited Adaptive Histgram Equalization (CLAHE), Gaussian matched filter, Hessian matrix transform, morphological bottom hat transform and Bar-selective Combination Of Shifted Filter Responses (B-COSFIRE). Then the fusion features are input into the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier to train a model that is needed. The proposed method is evaluated on two publicly available datasets of DRIVE and STARE, respectively.

zh-cn	通过在 DRIVE 和 STARE 数据库进行实验分析，利用 Se, Sp, Acc, Ppv, Npv, F1-measure 等常规评价指标来检测分割效果，其中平均准确率分别达到 0.9573 和 0.9575，结果显示该融合方法比单独使用 B-COSFIRE 或者其他目前所提出的融合特征方法更准确有效。
en-us	Se, Sp, Acc, Ppv, Npv, F1-measure are used to test the proposed method, and average classification accuracies are 0.9573 and 0.9575 on the DRIVE and STARE datasets, respectively. Performance results show that the fusion method also outperform the state-of-the-art method including B-COSFIRE and other currently proposed fusion features method.

zh-cn	该文针对稀疏重构解相干问题，利用接收数据厅奇导值分解(SVD)后的大特征值对应的特征矢量，提出一种改进解相干方法。
en-us	To solve the problem of coherent sources using sparse reconstruction method, this paper proposes an improved method for solving coherent sources using the eigenvectors corresponding to the largest eigenvalues after Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) decomposition of received data.

zh-cn	该方法通过迭代这一特征矢量来重构角度，无需知道信号源的数目，即可准确重构角度信息，实现解相干。
en-us	The method reconstructs the angle by iterating the feature vector, and reconstructs the angle information accurately without knowing the number of the signal source.

zh-cn	相对于经典 SVD 算法，所提算法运算速度更快，稀疏重构效果更优。
en-us	Compared with the classical SVD algorithm, the operation speed is faster, and the sparse reconstruction effect is better.

zh-cn	理论分析和仿真结果都验证了算法的良好性能。
en-us	Theoretical analysis and simulation results verify the good performance of the algorithm.

zh-cn	校正源信号方向角不容易精确测量，限制了阵列有源校正方法的精度。
en-us	It is not easy to accurately measure the direction angles of calibration-source signals, which limits the precision of array active-calibration methods.

zh-cn	另一方面，无源校正方法难以应用于存在大阵列误差的场合，其实际应用也受到严重限制。
en-us	On the other hand, passive-calibration methods are difficult to apply to the presence of large array errors, which severely limits their practical applications.

zh-cn	该文提出一种基于旋转测量的阵列幅相误差校正新方法，无需测量校正源信号方向角就能获得较高的校正精度。
en-us	This paper proposes a rotation measurement-based method to calibrate array gain-phase errors, which can achieve high calibration precision without measuring the direction angles of calibration-source signals.

zh-cn	该方法利用已知的阵列旋转角度，基于最大似然准则获得阵列幅相误差、校正源信号方向角及其复振幅的无模糊估计。
en-us	Using the known array-rotation angles, the maximum likelihood-based method is able to simultaneously estimate the array gain-phase errors, direction angles and complex amplitudes of calibration-source signals without ambiguity.

zh-cn	相对于校正源信号方向角，阵列旋转角度通过专用测试转台更容易精确测量，因此该方法能以较小的代价获得很高的校正精度。
en-us	Compared with accurately measuring the direction angles of calibration-source signals, accurately measuring the array-rotation angles is much easier to be accomplished with a special test turntable, thus the proposed method can achieve quite high calibration precision at a low cost.

zh-cn	仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性和通用性。
en-us	Some simulation tests demonstrate the effectiveness and generality of the proposed method.

zh-cn	在软件定义网络(SDN)中，若控制节点发生不可恢复的故障，则相关交换机需向其他控制节点迁移，这将导致网络性能下降。
en-us	In Software-Defined Networking (SDN), if a controller has unrecoverable failure, the related switches immigrate to other controllers, which degrades network performance.

zh-cn	针对这一问题，该文提出一种考虑 SDN 控制节点故障的控制器部署和交换机迁移方法。
en-us	Concerning the above problem, a strategy of controller placement and switch immigration is proposed for controller failure.

zh-cn	与现有算法仅优化交换机迁移方法不同，该方法同时考虑控制器部署位置的影响。
en-us	Different from the present algorithms which only optimize switch immigration method, the proposed strategy also considers the influence of controller placement.

zh-cn	首先利用标号传播算法构造备选子集并划分双层子集，然后在每个子集中选取合适位置部署控制器，最后为子集内节点分配相应的 master 和 slave 控制器。
en-us	Firstly, Label Propagation Algorithm (LPA) is used to construct alternate domains set and partition bilayer domains. Then, one controller is placed in each domain on properly selected situation. Finally, the switches are assigned to corresponding master and slave controllers.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，与现有算法相比，所提方法可有效解决交换机迁移后控制器超载的问题；
en-us	The experimental results show that controller overloading problem is well solved compared with the present algorithms.

zh-cn	通过调整参数，权衡控制器故障前后网络性能，可明显改善交换机迁移后的控制链路平均时延。
en-us	Network performance before and after failure can be traded off by adjusting parameters, which decreases average control path latency after switch immigration.

zh-cn	脉冲超宽带测控系统作为一种航天测控新体制，可有效提高系统的隐蔽性和抗干扰性。
en-us	The impulse radio Ultra-WideBand (UWB) Tracking, Telemetry, and Command (TT&C) system is a new kind of TT&C system that can greatly improve the concealment and anti-interference performance.

zh-cn	该文针对脉冲超宽带测控信号的捕获问题，提出利用基于部分匹配滤波与快速傅里叶变换(Partial Matched Filtering and Fast Fourier Transform, PMF-FFT)的捕获方法完成对脉冲相位、伪码相位和多普勒频率的 3 维捕获。
en-us	To solve the acquisition problem of the impulse radio UWB TT&C signal, an acquisition scheme based on Partial Matched Filtering and Fast Fourier Transform (PMF-FFT) is proposed to accomplish the three-dimensional acquisition of pulse phase, pseudorandom code phase and Doppler frequency simultaneously.

zh-cn	又针对搜索空间大、捕获时间长和多普勒频率估计精度低的问题，提出了一种改进的捕获方法。
en-us	Then, according to the problem of excessive search space, long acquisition time and low estimation accuracy of Doppler frequency, a new improved acquisition scheme is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法采用两步捕获法对时延相位进行捕获，同时利用修正的 Rife 算法对多普勒频率进行进一步精细估计。
en-us	It adopts the two-step scheme to accomplish time delay phase acquisition, and uses the modified Rife algorithm to further estimate the Doppler frequency.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该方法可有效提高捕获速度，减小捕获时间，且能显著提高多普勒频率估计精度。
en-us	Simulation results show that this scheme can effectively improve the acquisition speed, reduce the acquisition time, and greatly improve the estimation accuracy of Doppler frequency.

zh-cn	数字模拟混合预编码可以用较少的射频逼近全数字预编码的性能，可以用来解决毫米波大规模 MIMO 系统中由于射频链路过多造成的硬件损耗和校准问题。
en-us	The digital and analogue Hybrid Precoding (HP) is able to keep the performance close to that of the fully digital precoding with reduced Radio Frequency (RF) chains. In a millimeter wave massive MIMO system, the HP can be used to overcome the undesired hardware cost and calibration workload caused by the excessive RFs.

zh-cn	为解决传统混合预编码结构难以实现的缺点，该文的混合预编码研究基于一种简单的固定子连接结构。
en-us	Considering that the conventional HP structure is not practical, the research is based on a simple fixed sub-connection structure.

zh-cn	推导了系统可达速率最大，模拟预编码矩阵应满足的条件，从而将混合预编码矩阵设计问题转化为优化问题。
en-us	The condition that the analogue precoding matrix should meet to maximize the sum achievable rate is deduced, so that the design of the analogue precoding matrix is transformed into an optimization problem.

zh-cn	采用鸟群算法(BSA)解决此优化问题，求得最优的预编码矩阵。
en-us	The optimal analogue precoding matrix is obtained by using Bird Swarm Algorithm (BSA).

zh-cn	针对模拟移相器分辨率有限的情况，提出一种直接量化的解决方案和一种基于改进的离散 BSA 的解决方案。
en-us	Considering that finite resolution phase shifters are used, a straightforward quantization solution and an improved discrete BSA based solution are proposed.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提算法能够基于简单结构实现较好的性能；
en-us	The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve good performance based on simple structure.

zh-cn	移相器分辨率有限情况下，所提的两种解决方案都是有效的，且基于离散 BSA 的方案在分辨率较低时性能更优。
en-us	While using finite resolution phase shifter, both of the proposed solutions are effective, furthermore, the solution based on the discrete BSA can get better performance while the resolution is low.

zh-cn	现有 MIMO 雷达发射波形和接收滤波器联合优化方法均未考虑阵元功率放大器非线性以及算法的稳健性。
en-us	The existing joint design methods of transmit waveform and receive filter for MIMO radar do not take into account the non-linear characteristics of radio frequency amplifier and the imprecise information about the target in practical applications.

zh-cn	针对上述问题，该文以 MIMO 雷达各阵元发射功率和每个阵元发射波形的峰均比(PAR)为约束条件，提出一种杂波条件下稳健的 MIMO 雷达发射波形和接收滤波器联合优化设计方法。
en-us	For these problems, a robust joint design of transmit waveform and receive filter for MIMO radar in presence of clutter with the power constraint of each element and the Peak-to-Average-power Ratio (PAR) constraint of transmit waveform from each element is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法利用 Max-Min 构造目标导向矢量不确定集范围内关于雷达输出信干噪比(SINR)的优化模型，通过半正定松弛(SDR)、Charnes-Cooper 转换、序列优化和 Lagrange 对偶方法，将非凸的联合优化模型转化为两个分别关于发射波形和接收滤波器空时序列协方差矩阵的凸的半正定规划问题(SDP)进行求解，最后利用随机向量合成方法得到具体的发射波形和接收滤波器。
en-us	The novel scheme sets an optimization model of MIMO radar's output Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) within the uncertainty of target's steering vector via Max-Min method. As for the resulting non-convex joint optimization problem, Semi-Definite Relaxation (SDR), Charnes-Cooper transformation, sequential optimization, and Lagrange dual theorem are adopted to converse the non-convex original problem into two convex Semi-Definite Programming (SDP) sub-problems, which are concerned about the covariance matrix of transmit space-time code and receive space-time filter, respectively. The final transmit waveform and receive filter can be obtained by randomization method.

zh-cn	实验仿真验证了所提方法的有效性和稳健性。
en-us	The efficiency and robustness of the proposed algorithm are verified by the simulation results.

zh-cn	该文针对移动 P2P 网络中节点表现出来的自私性，并结合移动 P2P 网络的资源受限、自组织以及开放性等特点，提出一种基于不完全信息的双方叫价拍卖模型的节点激励策略—DAIP。
en-us	In view of the selfishness of nodes in mobile Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network, combined with its features of the resource-constrained, self-organization and opening, this paper proposes a novel Incentive Protocol DAIP of mobile P2P network based on Double Auction model of incomplete information on both sides. The incentive mechanism adopts virtual currency payment method.

zh-cn	该激励策略采用虚拟货币的支付方式，节点根据其拥有的虚拟货币量、自身资源状态和消息属性对每次消息转发进行估价，然后根据估价与博弈策略给出相应报价。
en-us	The node calculates the evaluation of a message forwarding based on the virtual currency, resource state of it and the property of message, then gives the corresponding price according to the evaluation and game strategy.

zh-cn	通过博弈分析给出了 DAIP 策略的线性策略贝叶斯纳什均衡解，使各节点为最大化其自身利益而积极参与消息转发合作，从而促进网络系统中消息转发合作的成功。
en-us	Through the game analysis, the linear strategy Bayes Nash equilibrium solution of DAIP strategy is given, which makes each node to maximize its own benefits, encourages them to cooperate with the message forwarding, and then improves the success rate of message forwarding in the network system.

zh-cn	分析与实验结果表明该激励策略能够降低系统的能量消耗，提高整个网络系统的消息转发成功率，提高系统的整体效用。
en-us	Analysis and simulation show that this incentive mechanism is able to effectively reduce the system's energy consumption, improve the success rate of message forwarding in the whole network system, and improve the overall effectiveness of the system.

zh-cn	针对弹性光网络中多链路故障 100%保护的资源消耗冗余度较高的问题，该文提出一种最小故障风险损失的概率保护(MFRL-PP)策略，在多链路故障时为业务提供高效率的概率保护。
en-us	Due to the high resource redundancy of full protection for request's multi-link failure in elastic optical networks, the strategy of Minimum Fault Risk Loss Probability Protection (MFRL-PP) is proposed to protect the request with high spectrum-efficiency.

zh-cn	在 MFRL-PP 策略中，该文设计了一个综合考虑链路负载和故障风险的代价函数，为业务选择故障风险小且频谱资源消耗少的概率保护光路。
en-us	In the MFRL-PP, a link cost function integrated considering the link payload and fault risk is designed to choose the protection lightpath, which has minimum fault risk and consumes a small amount of spectrum resource.

zh-cn	当最小故障风险路径无法传输时，为进一步降低概率保护光路的故障风险损失，该文还设计了一种非对称业务流分流的最小故障风险损失概率保护机制，以便选择故障风险损失最小的分流路径组作为传输光路。
en-us	When the minimum fault risk lightpath is unavailable for shortage of idle spectrum resource, for further reducing the failure risk of the probability protection lightpath, a minimum fault risk loss probability protection mechanism for the non-symmetrical flow is designed to split the flow into two sub-flows for easily selecting the protection branch lightpath with the minimum fault risk loss.

zh-cn	同时，在传输光路的频谱分配阶段，提出了基于最大频谱重合度的可用频谱块选择策略，以减少频谱碎片的产生。
en-us	Moreover, in the phase of spectrum allocation for the lightpath, for reducing the number of spectrum fragmentations, a spectrum allocation strategy based on the maximum spectrum coincidence degree is put forward to allocate spectrum resource.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明所提策略不仅有效地提升了频谱利用率，还较好地实现了带宽阻塞率与故障风险的平衡。
en-us	The simulation results indicate that the proposed MFRL-PP algorithm can improve the spectrum utilization, and provide a better tradeoff between the bandwidth blocking probability and fault risk degree.

zh-cn	MORUS 算法是 CAESAR 竞赛第 3 轮的候选认证加密算法之一，该文评估了 MORUS-640-128 算法对碰撞攻击的安全性。
en-us	MORUS is an authenticated stream cipher, which is selected is third-round candidate of the ongoing CAESAR competition. In this work, the security of MORUS-640-128 against collision attack is evaluated.

zh-cn	由碰撞关系确定一系列非线性方程，采用分块分析的方法，从非线性方程中找到消息字差分间的信息泄漏规律，首次给出了算法在两步后发生碰撞的必要条件集，确定了输入差分的字分布情况。
en-us	The partition method is utilized to find the information leakage between the word differences of message in the nonlinear function determined by the collision. The necessary conditions of collision after two steps are proposed for the first time. The distribution of input difference is determined.

zh-cn	在此基础上，将碰撞的必要条件转化成伪布尔函数最优化问题，利用混合整数规划模型进行求解。实验结果显示算法发生碰撞时，输入差的汉明重量至少为 28，其碰撞概率小于1402−，得到了比文献[7]更紧致的概率上界(原为1302−)。
en-us	Furthermore, necessary conditions are turned into Pseudo-Boolean optimization problems. With the usage of mixed integer programming, it is found that the weight of message difference must be higher than 28 with the collision probability less than 1402−, which is a better upper bound than ref. [7] 1302−.

zh-cn	结果表明MORUS-640-128 算法具备良好的抗碰撞攻击能力。
en-us	The result shows that MORUS-640-128 has a good performance on resistance against collision attack.

zh-cn	在带有噪声干扰的车辆异构网络中，针对当前基于决策树的垂直切换算法存在切换精准性不高的问题，该文详细分析并给出当前算法决策过程中存在的错误判决概率，提出一种基于决策树的稳健垂直切换算法。
en-us	In the vehicle heterogeneous network with noise and interference, the current vertical handoff algorithms based on decision tree have the problem of low handoff accuracy. In this paper, the decision processes of current algorithms are analyzed in detail and the formulation of false decision probability is given.

zh-cn	首先，采用卡尔曼滤波算法，根据网络属性的预测值和当前测量值，并结合它们各自的噪声偏差，做出更准确的网络属性估计。
en-us	Firstly, the Kalman filtering algorithm is employed to obtain the more accurate network attribute values according to the predicted values, the current values, and their noise deviations.

zh-cn	其次，针对少量网络属性值出现在判决门限附近的情况，提出概率阈值区间法，通过二次检测提高算法判决的准确性。
en-us	Secondly, a probability threshold interval method is proposed to do a twice detection to the situation of the attribute value which is near the threshold.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提算法提高了切换判决精准性和网络总吞吐量，降低了乒乓效应和切换失败率，并得到了与传统算法同阶的时间复杂度性能结果。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the accuracy of handoff decision and the total network throughput, and can also reduce the ping-pong effect and the failed handoff. Meanwhile, it still keeps the same-ordered time complexity with the traditional algorithms.

zh-cn	L1 跟踪表示模型的稀疏性约束，使其对局部遮挡具有良好的鲁棒性，但同时也造成了跟踪速度慢的问题。
en-us	The sparsity constraint of the L1 tracker's representation model makes it have good robustness towards partial occlusion. However, the tracking speed of the L1 tracker is slow.

zh-cn	针对此问题，该文提出使用编码迁移方法进行视觉跟踪。
en-us	To solve this study, this paper proposes a coding transfer method for visual tracking.

zh-cn	该方法利用低分辨率字典计算候选目标表示系数，并使用高分辨率字典构造观测似然，有效地减小了跟踪过程中的计算量。
en-us	By making use of the low-resolution dictionary to calculate coefficients of the candidate targets and the high-resolution dictionary to construct the observation likelihood model, the method reduces calculation amount effectively in the process of tracking.

zh-cn	为了提高编码迁移的精度和字典适应背景干扰的能力，提出一种在线鲁棒判别式联合字典学习模型用于字典更新。
en-us	In order to improve the precision of coding transfer and the ability of the dictionary to overcome the background clutters, this study proposes an online robust discrimination joint dictionary learning model to update the dictionaries.

zh-cn	实验结果表明所提方法具有良好的鲁棒性和较快的跟踪速度。
en-us	The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has good robustness and superior tracking speed.

zh-cn	针对机载气象雷达下视探测微下击暴流时，有用气象信号会淹没在强杂波背景中的问题，该文提出一种基于多通道联合自适应处理的、能够用于分布式气象目标中心风速估计的降维处理器结构。
en-us	When the airborne weather radar detects microburst field, the echoes of wind field are usually submerged by strong background clutter. In this paper, a novel method of wind speed estimation of microburst based on pre-filtering based reduced rank STAP approach is proposed.

zh-cn	该处理器通过前置的窄带多普勒滤波将全空时杂波局域化为特定多普勒通道下的定向有源干扰，然后在空域逐多普勒通道进行自适应处理，最后利用频率质心法求取中心风速估计。
en-us	The method constructs reduced-rank adaptive processors for distributed meteorologic target to achieve clutter suppression and signal matching, and to obtain the wind speed of the microburst field.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，在强杂波背景下，所提方法可以获得较为精确风场速度估计结果，由于采用了降维结构，较最优处理器在运算量上有了明显减少。
en-us	The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve clutter suppression and get accurate wind speed estimation with low computational burden.

zh-cn	该文针对协议类型未知条件下非等帧长同步字的盲识别问题，提出一种基于多重分形谱的同步字盲识别算法。
en-us	To solve the problem of recognition for frame synchronization word whose frame length is not the same, a novel frame synchronization word identification algorithm based on multi-fractal spectrum is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，在定义有偏性的基础上，通过分析比较协议帧、同步字和信息段中 0, 1 的概率分布，得出协议帧的有偏性小于同步字的结论。
en-us	Firstly, through the analysis of frame structure and bias of synchronization words and information bits, the conclusion that bias of protocol frame is less than synchronization words is got.

zh-cn	然后，利用上述结论并结合多重分形谱具有描述有偏性分布的特点，通过比较删减前后待识别序列多重分形谱宽度的变化实现信息段的有效删减，达到提高同步字浓度的目的。
en-us	Then, due to the feature of bias distribution that can be described by multi-fractal spectrum, information bits can be deleted effectively through multi-fractal spectrum calculation.

zh-cn	最后，在计算完成删减的序列中固定长度比特串浓度值分布的基础上，实现了同步字的准确识别。
en-us	Finally, the synchronization word can be identified by concentration calculation of fixed length bit string of deleted sequence.

zh-cn	仿真试验验证了所提算法的有效性，表明其具有一定的工程应用价值。
en-us	The new method, which has higher accurate recognition than existing al-gorithms suggested by simulation results, has significant potential in engineering application.

zh-cn	反馈环路是模拟电路中有效容错的电路结构。反馈电路也因其存储性能而被广泛使用于数字电路的时序电路中，但是反馈电路在数字电路的组合电路的稳定特性鲜少被人研究，尤其是低功耗应用。
en-us	Feedback structure is an efficient topology for noise-reducing in analog circuit while the cyclic circuit is widely used in digital circuit only for sequential circuit design due to its data-keeping property. However, few works study the reliability of the feedback structure for combinational circuits especially for the low power application.

zh-cn	以马氏随机场为理论的MRF 电路以其低功耗下的高稳定性得到研究和关注，但其电路的反馈结构缺乏理论支持和依据，因此马氏随机场电路的容错特性未被清晰得以解释。
en-us	Many researchers pay their attentions to Markov Random Field (MRF) theory based circuits, which can operate in ultra-low supply voltage with high noise-immune. However, the MRF based circuit design methodology has a lack of the proof of the final feedback structures. Thus the reliability of MRF based feedback structures is not explained clearly.

zh-cn	该文以利用概率 CMOS 建模概率门来分析 MRF 核心反馈环 NAND-NAND，从理论上证明了反馈电路输出的计算正确概率具有递增且上有界的特点，并数学证明了 MRF 的核心反馈环电路具有优于传统 CMOS 电路的容错性能。
en-us	This paper uses the probabilistic CMOS model to analysis the NAND-NAND based feedback structure. The probability boundedness and increasing monotonicity properties of feedback structure are proved. Besides, it is proved that the feedback structure of MRF can achieve higher probability than the traditional design.

zh-cn	其理论推导结果与测试结果呈现一致性。
en-us	In measurement, the result can support of proof and analysis.

zh-cn	为了提高脉冲噪声下盲均衡器的性能，该文提出一种基于概率密度函数匹配与分数低阶矩的并行盲均衡算法。
en-us	In order to improve the performance of the blind equalizer under impulsive noise environments, a novel concurrent blind equalization algorithm based on probability density function matching and fractional lower order moments is presented.

zh-cn	首先采用概率密度函数匹配的思想进行盲均衡，充分利用其收敛速度快的优势。
en-us	This algorithm uses the idea of probability density function matching at the beginning, and makes full use of the advantage of its fast convergence speed.

zh-cn	为了解决此均衡过程中引起的相位信息损失以及抑制脉冲噪声能力差的问题，又以并行的方式结合判决信号的分数低阶矩，并以此作为代价函数来共同更新盲均衡器的权向量，进一步提高了算法在脉冲噪声下的收敛速度与收敛精度。
en-us	In order to solve the problems of the phase information loss and incapability of suppressing impulse noise, this paper combines the fractional lower order moments of the decision signal in parallel as the cost function to update the weight coefficients of the blind equalizer. The convergence speed and convergence precision is further improved.

zh-cn	仿真实验表明，所提算法在有效解决相位旋转问题的同时较好地抑制了脉冲噪声，此外还具有较快的收敛速度和较小的稳态误差，稳健性较强。
en-us	The simulation experiments results show that the algorithm can effectively solve the problem of phase rotation and better suppress the impulse noise. Moreover, the algorithm has fast convergence speed, small steady-state error and strong robustness.

zh-cn	在利用相对属性学习实现零样本图像分类中，现有的方法并没有考虑属性与类别之间的关系，为此该文提出一种基于共享特征相对属性的零样本图像分类方法。
en-us	Most algorithms of the zero-shot image classification with relative attributes do not consider the relationship between attributes and classes, therefore a new relative attributes method based on shared features is proposed for zero-shot image classification.

zh-cn	该方法采用多任务学习的思想来共同学习类别分类器和属性分类器，获得一个低维的共享特征子空间，挖掘属性与类别之间的关系。
en-us	In analogy to the multi-task learning, the object classifier and attribute classifier are simultaneously learned in this method, from which a shared sub-space of lower dimensional features is obtained to mine the relationship between attributes and classes.

zh-cn	同时，利用共享特征来学习属性排序函数，得到基于共享特征的相对属性模型，解决了相对属性学习过程中丢失属性与类别关系的问题。
en-us	Inspired by the success of shared features, a novel relative attributes model based on shared features is proposed to promote the performance of the relationship between attributes and classes, in which the ranking function per attribute is learned by using shared features.

zh-cn	另外，将基于共享特征的相对属性模型用于零样本图像分类中，有效提高了零样本图像分类的识别率。
en-us	In addition, the novel relative attributes model based on shared features is applied to zero-shot image classification, which yields high accuracy due to the shared features included.

zh-cn	实验数据集上的结果表明，该方法具有较高的相对属性学习性能和零样本图像分类精度。
en-us	Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve high relative attributes learning efficiency and zero-shot image classification accuracy.

zh-cn	相位成像的关键是相位恢复。
en-us	The key issue in phase imaging is phase retrieval.

zh-cn	由于相位信息的丢失，相位恢复通常是不适定的，如何利用合适的先验信息进行相位恢复是一个重要问题。
en-us	Due to the loss of the phase information, the phase retrieval problem is usually ill-posed. How to realize the phase retrieval by using appropriate prior information is an important problem.

zh-cn	该文在 SPICA 成像系统下提出了基于结构稀疏性的单次曝光相位成像算法。
en-us	In this work, based on single-shot phase imaging with a coded aperture, a single-shot phase imaging algorithm, which uses the structural sparsity, is proposed.

zh-cn	该算法利用图像全变差的重叠组结构稀疏性，将重叠的结构稀疏正则项以卷积形式表示，使求解过程更简单，并利用最速下降法求解相应的优化问题。
en-us	The proposed algorithm exploits the overlapping structural sparsity of the total variation, and represents the structural sparsity in the form of convolution, making the problem easy to solve. Moreover, the steepest descent method is utilized to solve the corresponding optimization problem.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该算法在有噪声的情况下能够有效地实现对复图像的重构。
en-us	The experiment results show that the complex amplitude can be reconstructed from noisy diffraction pattern using the proposed algorithm.

zh-cn	斜视 TOPSAR(Terrain Observation by Progressive scans SAR)成像模式中，场景内各点目标多普勒中心频率的差异导致方位向信号欠采样并加剧频谱的耦合。
en-us	In the squint Terrain Observation by Progressive scabs (TOPSAR) mode, the different azimuth scatters have different Doppler center frequencies, which causes azimuth under-sampling problem and increase the coupling between range and azimuth.

zh-cn	针对 TOPSAR 的回波特点，该文提出一种新的 TOPSAR全孔径成像算法：首先引入高阶视向速度补偿消除回波信号的频域模糊；
en-us	Considering at the characteristics of squint TOPSAR echo, this article proposes a new full aperture imaging algorithm: first, the azimuth signal aliasing is removed by introducing the nonlinear walk correction;

zh-cn	接着用非线性变标法对方位空变性进行补偿；
en-us	second, the nonlinear chirp scaling algorithm for azimuth focusing is applied to compensating the Doppler modulation rate;

zh-cn	最后用 2 维线性变标算法校正高阶视向速度补偿产生的几何形变问题。
en-us	finally, the image geometric distortion is eliminated by 2-D chirp scaling operation.

zh-cn	与传统算法相比，该文算法可在扩展较少数据量的情况下避免插值运算，提高成像效率。
en-us	Compared with the traditional algorithm, the proposed algorithm avoids the interpolation under the case of extending a small amount of data, hence the calculation needed is less.

zh-cn	仿真结果证明了算法的正确性和有效性。
en-us	The simulation results prove the effectiveness of the algorithm.

zh-cn	为解决在站开式距离的人体隐藏危险品检测问题，利用目标对雷达回波的退极化现象实现对枪支等金属物的远距离检测。
en-us	In order to detect concealed body-worn weapon at standoff range, the depolarization effect of radar targets is utilized.

zh-cn	通过测量待测对象的雷达的不同极化方向的回波并计算出检测参量，就可以据此判断待测对象是否携带有隐藏危险品。
en-us	By measuring radar echoes of the object at different polarization directions, detection parameters can be obtained and whether the human is carrying concealed weapon or not can be decided.

zh-cn	为验证该方法有效性，设计并研制了一套 140 GHz 宽带极化雷达，并进行了实验测量。
en-us	In order to verify the effectiveness of the method, a 140 GHz broadband polarized radar is designed and used to carry out experimental measurements.

zh-cn	实验结果表明：一方面，对于枪支，或者简易爆炸物等退极化效应显著的目标，系统具有较好的检测效果；
en-us	The experimental results show that, on the one hand, for the firearms, or Improvised Explosive Devices (IED) and other targets that have significant depolarization effect, the system has a better detection effect;

zh-cn	另一方面，对于退极化效应不明显的目标的检测以及检测距离的增加会导致系统的虚警和漏警概率增大， 从而降低检测性能。通过增大发射天线尺寸可以改善检测效果，并且通过检测参量的优化可以提高同等距离下检测性能。
en-us	on the other hand, the detection of targets with less depolarization effect and the increase of detection distance will result in the increase of the probability of false alarm and probability of leakage alarm and deterioration of the system performance. The system performance can be improved by increasing the size of the transmitting antenna, and the detection performance at the same distance can also be improved by optimizating the detection parameters.

zh-cn	随着社会信息化水平的提高及不稳定因素的增加，人们迫切需要更加可靠的识别技术对身份进行认证。
en-us	With the development of information technology and the increasing demanding of information security, people are urgently in need of more reliable identification techniques for identity authentication.

zh-cn	因此，利用生物特征进行鉴定已成为时下热潮。
en-us	Therefore, the biometric recognition methods have become a compelling issue.

zh-cn	其中的指纹识别更是因其方便性和可靠性受到普遍认同。
en-us	Among the methods, the fingerprint identification technique attracts much interest due to its excellent feasibility and reliability performance.

zh-cn	传统的指纹识别方法基于特征点比对寻求相似性，此种方法特征点寻找容易出错，且随着指纹的模糊、破坏、污损或是其他问题，均会使识别率明显降低。
en-us	The traditional fingerprint recognition method is based on matching feature points. However, this method needs a long time to find the feature points, and suffering the blur, scaling, damage, and other problems, the recognition rate is decreased seriously.

zh-cn	针对这些问题，该文提出基于深度卷积神经网络(CNN)的 CBF-FFPF(Central Block Fingerprint and Fuzzy Feature Points Fingerprint)算法对污损指纹图像进行分类识别。
en-us	To solve these problems, a fouling and damaged fingerprint recognition algorithm named CBF-FFPF (Central Block Fingerprint and Fuzzy Feature Points Fingerprint) is proposed, it is based on Convolution Neural Network (CNN) of deep learning.

zh-cn	CBF-FFPF 算法提取指纹中心点分块图像及特征点模糊化图，合并后输入 CNN 网络，进行指纹深层特征识别。
en-us	Combining small sub block fingerprint, which takes the fingerprint core point as the center from the thinned image and fuzzy graph of fingerprint feature points, as original image input to obtain the recognition rate.

zh-cn	将该算法与基于主成分分析(KPCA)，超限学习机(ELM)和 k 近邻分类器(KNN)的指纹识别算法进行比较，实验结果表明，所提出的 CBF-FFPF算法对污损指纹识别有更高的识别率和更好的鲁棒性。
en-us	The recognition rate based on CBF-FFPF is compared with the fingerprint identification algorithm based on Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA), Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). Experimental results show that fingerprint recognition algorithm CBF- FFPF has higher recognition rate and better robustness.

zh-cn	为了对空间目标进行精确定位与跟踪，建立目标运动轨迹，该文对基于运动信息的星图暗弱空间运动点目标检测算法进行研究。
en-us	To accurately locate, track space targets, and establish targets trajectory, a study on moving target detection based on motion information for star maps is practiced.

zh-cn	首先建立一种新的空间运动点目标描述模型，然后提出基于相关系数矩阵的运动点目标检测算法，最后提取目标运动轨迹，并给出了点目标运动速度的估计模型。
en-us	Firstly, a new model to characterize the space moving target is constructed, then an algorithm for moving point target detection is proposed based on correlation coefficient matrix statistical information. Based on the detection method, target motion trajectory is finally extracted and the velocity estimation model of the moving target is built.

zh-cn	根据实测数据和硬件平台，提出了检测概率和虚警率相结合的评价方法对算法进行验证。
en-us	This paper also proposes an evaluation method, which combines detection probability and false alarm probability, to verify this method.

zh-cn	试验结果表明，所提方法能够在保持较低的虚警概率下获得较高的检测概率，优于参与比较的其它目标检测方法。
en-us	The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the compared methods and can achieve high detection probability while keeping low false alarm probability.

zh-cn	与单纯扩大望远镜口径相比，该方法为提高空间暗弱目标识别能力提供了具有更高性价比的有效途径。
en-us	Compared with simply expanding telescope diameter, this method provides a higher performance-price ratio way to improve the ability of space target detection.

zh-cn	为了提高 MLC NAND Flash 的抗误码性能，该文提出一种基于优化缩短极化码的 MLC NAND Flash 差错控制方法。
en-us	In order to improve the BER performance of MLC NAND Flash, this paper presents a shortened polarization-based optimized codes for MLC NAND Flash.

zh-cn	优化缩短极化码通过优化删减图样得到，首先通过比特翻转重排序的方式得到基本删减图样，进而选择具有更低信道容量的冻结比特组成优化删减图样，使得到的删减比特全为冻结比特，可以显著提高删减算法的纠错性能。
en-us	Optimized shortened codes are obtained by optimizing shortened pattern. Firstly, basic shortened pattern is obtained by bit reversal reordering, and then the freeze bits are selected with a lower channel capacity to constitute optimized shortened pattern, the resulting punctered bits are all frozen bits, this method can significantly improve the error correction performance.

zh-cn	同时，根据 MLC 单元错误的不对称性，采用码率自适应的码字对 FLASH 中 MSB 和 LSB 进行不等错误保护。
en-us	Meanwhile, according to the error asymmetry of MLC unit, unequal error protection is used for the LSB and MSB.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明：当误帧率为310−时，优化缩短极化码较相同码长的 LDPC 码和基本缩短极化码分别约有  3.72 ~5.89 dB 和 1.47~3.49 dB 增益；
en-us	Simulation results show that the performance of the optimized shortened codes is better than LDPC and basic shortened polar code about 3.72~5.89 dB and 1.47~3.49 dB gain at the frame error rate of 3 10−;

zh-cn	相比基于同一码率的优化缩短极化码方案，不等错误保护的差错控制方案获得约 0.25 dB 增益。
en-us	compared to the same rate based optimized shortened codes, the new ECC program obtains gain about 0.25 dB .

zh-cn	针对大量出现的未知猝发类幅相调制信号，包括 PSK, APSK, QAM 等，该文提出一种通用的前向载波相位恢复方法。
en-us	For the emergence of massive burst amplitude and phase-modulated signals with uncertain modulation type including PSK, APSK, QAM and so on, a universal algorithm is proposed to accomplish the forward carrier phase recovery.

zh-cn	该方法基于星座对称性，从星座点的相位信息出发，构造折叠相位(WP)统计量，实现了此类信号无区分调制类型，无需训练序列的载波相位盲估计。
en-us	Based on the symmetry of constellation, a statistic of wrapped phase is established from the phase information of the constellation points. As a result, the carrier phase blind estimation for unknown burst signals is accomplished regardless of the modulation type and training sequence.

zh-cn	仿真表明，此方法相比现有算法，相同数据量，相同信噪比下优势明显，灵活性，鲁棒性均优于现有算法，适合非合作接收条件下猝发信号处理工程实践。
en-us	Simulations indicate that compared with the current algorithms, the proposed method has better anti-noise ability, flexibility, robustness, making it a good choice for engineering practice of burst signals under non-cooperative condition.

zh-cn	纳米工艺下，老化效应与软差错共同引发的集成电路可靠性问题至关重要。
en-us	Under nano-scaled technology, the Integrated Circuit (IC) reliability issues caused by both aging mechanism and soft error become very critical.

zh-cn	该文分析偏置温度不稳定性(BTI)，包括负偏置温度不稳定性(NBTI)和正偏置温度不稳定性(PBTI)对软差错率的影响，提出从关键电荷值和延迟两个因素综合考虑。
en-us	In this paper, from critical charge and delay points of view, the effects of Bias Temperature Instability (BTI), including Negative BTI (NBTI) and Positive BTI (PBTI), on Soft Error Rate (SER) are analyzed.

zh-cn	首先分析 BTI 效应下两个因素如何变化，推导了延迟受 BTI 影响的变化模型，介绍关键电荷的变化机理。
en-us	Firstly, how BTI affects critical charge and delay is focused on. The delay increasing model is derived, and the critical charge changing procedure is introduced.

zh-cn	然后探讨将两个因素结合到软差错率(SER)评估中，推导了融入关键电荷值的 SER 计算模型，提出将延迟的变化导入到电气屏蔽中的方法。
en-us	Further, using the derived SER computational model considering critical charge, and mapping the changed delay into electrical mask procedure, the SER is accurately calculated.

zh-cn	基于 ISCAS89 基准电路上的实验验证了综合两种因素考虑 BTI 效应评估 SER 的有效性和准确性。
en-us	Experimental results on ISCAS89 benchmark circuits show that, considering two factors of BTI, SER estimation has high accuracy.

zh-cn	经典 MDS-MAP 算法在无线传感器网络定位中存在误差较大及计算量随网络规模增大而急剧增加的缺点。
en-us	The classical MDS-MAP algorithm has the disadvantage of large error and the computational complexity increases sharply with the increase of network size in the localization of wireless sensor networks.

zh-cn	该文设计了基于自身和邻居节点剩余能量大小的成簇方法，形成的簇具有适当节点连接度和簇大小，降低了下一步定位算法的计算量和误差。
en-us	The clustering method based on the residual energy of the neighbor nodes is designed. The cluster has the proper node degree and cluster size, which reduces the calculation amount and error of the next-step localization algorithm.

zh-cn	然后对于仅有连通信息的簇内节点，利用时间差测距方法获得簇首与其他单跳节点间距离。
en-us	Then, for the intra-cluster nodes with only connectivity information, the distance between the sink and other single-hop nodes is obtained using the time difference ranging method.

zh-cn	提出多跳节点间距离误差校正算法，利用相邻节点的几何关系及节点连接度信息，获得簇内多跳间隔节点距离。
en-us	A multi-hop distance error correction algorithm is proposed. The distance between nodes in a cluster is obtained using the geometrical relationship of neighboring nodes and the node connectivity.

zh-cn	采用多维标度技术计算各簇内节点相对坐标，融合簇间坐标并通过锚节点转换为绝对坐标，最终实现节点的定位。
en-us	Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) is used to calculate the relative coordinates of nodes in each cluster, and the inter-cluster coordinates are merged and converted into absolute coordinates by the anchor nodes. Finally, the localization of the nodes is realized.

zh-cn	所提方法通过能量分簇及多跳间隔节点加权几何距离校正算法，相对于经典多维标度算法定位提供更准确的节点间距离信息，能够在进一步提高定位精度的基础上降低无线传感器网络定位功耗。
en-us	The proposed method provides more accurate information of inter-node distance based on energy clustering and multi-hop interval weighted geometric distance correction algorithm. Compared with classical MDS algorithm, this method can further improve the positioning accuracy and reduce the power consumption of wireless sensor network localization.

zh-cn	针对混合供电的数据中心互联弹性光网络中，为了降低任播业务传输的阻塞率和能耗，论文提出一种基于频谱效率优先的冲突感知(CSEFR)任播路由资源分配策略。
en-us	In the data-center interconnected Elastic Optical Network (EON), for reducing blocking probability and energy consumption of anycast request, a Collision-aware based on Spectrum Efficiency First Reconfiguration (CSEFR) strategy is proposed.

zh-cn	该策略首先计算任播阻塞率优化光路，按频谱效率优先准则对光路重配置排序，用首次命中(FF)方式分配频谱。
en-us	The light-paths optimized by blocking probability are firstly calculated and allocated spectrum with the First-Fit (FF) mode. And the light-paths are sorted ascend by the light-paths' spectrum efficiency.

zh-cn	如果任播的阻塞率优化的光路目的节点是不可再生能源供电数据中心，则预留此阻塞率优化光路，并为任播建立一条连接可再生能源供电数据中心频谱效率次优的能耗优化光路，使用末端命中(LF)频谱分配方式；
en-us	If the destination of light-path is a non-renewable energy supply data-center, the light-path is reserved. Then, an energy-saving light-path with suboptimal spectrum efficiency is established to connect a renewable energy supply data-center and allocated spectrum with the Last-Fit (LF) mode.

zh-cn	若该阻塞率优化光路连接的目的节点是可再生能源数据中心，且与其他任播的能耗优化光路频谱分配冲突，将冲突的任播能耗优化光路重配置到其预留的阻塞率优化光路传输以解决光路的频谱冲突问题。
en-us	But if the destination of light-path optimized by blocking probability is a renewable energy supply data-center which conflicts with other anycasts' energy-saving light-paths, those conflicted energy-saving light-paths are reconfigured to their reserved light-paths optimized by blocking probability.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，论文提出的 CSEFR 策略能在大幅降低网络不可再生能耗的同时，实现阻塞率和能耗折中的路由策略，而且对不同数据中心配置的网络环境具有普适性。
en-us	The simulations results show that the proposed CSFER strategy can achieve a better tradeoff routing strategy between the blocking probability and energy consumption, and the CSFER strategy is universal for optical networks configured with different data centers.

zh-cn	间接免疫荧光(IIF)HEp-2 细胞图像分析是自身免疫疾病诊断的重要依据，然而由于类内的变化与类间的相似性，HEp-2 细胞染色模式分类具有很大难度。
en-us	Indirect Immuno Fluorescence (IIF) HEp-2 cell image analysis is an important basis for the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. However, due to the great changes in the class and the similarity between the categories, HEp-2 cell staining pattern classification is a difficult problem.

zh-cn	该文提出一种结合纹理和形状信息的有效分类方法，借鉴 CLBP原理，提出具有完整信息描述能力的局部三值模式 CLTP(Completed Local Triple Pattern)描述子来提取纹理信息，同时采用 IFV(Improved Fisher Vector)模型和 Rootsift 特征来描绘形状信息，通过纹理和形状信息的结合，最终训练得到 SVM 分类器在 ICPR 2012 与 ICIP 2013 数据集上进行了对比试验。
en-us	This paper presents an effective classification method based on the texture and shape information, and learning from the principle of CLBP, a descriptor extracting texture information is proposed to describe the Complete information of the Local Triple Pattern (CLTP). Moreover, using Improved Fisher Vector (IFV) model and Rootsift feature, the shape information can be described. Through the combination of the texture and shape information, an SVM classifier is finally trained and an  experiment is conducted in ICPR 2012 and ICIP 2013 data sets.

zh-cn	结果表明，所提方法在细胞级测试中优于其它方法，拥有竞争性的分类性能。
en-us	Experiment results show that this method is superior over other methods in the cell level test and present competitive performance.

zh-cn	控制时延、控制平面的生存性和控制平面的控制冗余程度是软件定义光网络中网络性能是否良好的重要判断依据。
en-us	Control delay, survivability of control plane and control redundancy of control plane are important criteria to judge whether the network performance is good in Software Defined Optical Network (SDON).

zh-cn	该文提出时延约束下的控制器生存性部署方法，该方法充分考虑时延、生存性和控制器冗余等网络性能因素，在用户指定时延的前提下，确保每个网络节点至少有两条控制链路，以提高控制平面的生存性。
en-us	A method that the survivability deployment for controller with time-delay constraint is put forward. This method takes full account of the network performance factors, such as time delay, survivability and controller redundancy. In the premise of a user specified delay, in order to improve the control plane survivability, it is insured that each network node has at least two control links.

zh-cn	同时，保证使用尽可能少的部署节点完成整个网络的覆盖，以减少控制平面的控制冗余。
en-us	At the same time, the node deployments are kept to the minimum when complete of the entire network coverage, to reduce the redundancy of control plane.

zh-cn	仿真表明，该方法能够有效地减少控制时延，提高控制平面的生存性，并减少控制器的部署个数，降低控制冗余，有效地提高了软件定义光网络的整体网络性能。
en-us	Simulation results show that the method can effectively reduce the control delay, improve the existence of control plane, reduce the number of controller, decline the control redundancy, and effectively improve the overall network performance of software defined optical network.

zh-cn	该方法保证至少两条控制链路与 C-MPC 算法起到了相同的保护作用，与 MCC 算法相比，使 SDON 网络控制平面可靠性提高了 20%。
en-us	The method ensures at least two control links have the same protection as C-MPC algorithm. Compared with the MCC algorithm, the reliability of SDON control plane is improved by 20%.

zh-cn	同时，在指定时延 10 ms 的约束条件下，在 NSF 和 COST239 网络中，与 C-MPC算法相比所提算法分别减少了 88%和 75%的控制器部署。
en-us	Meanwhile, under the constraint conditions of 10 ms time delay, compared with C-MPC algorithm, the proposed algorithm can reduce the number of controller deployment by 88% and 75% in NSF and COST239 network.

zh-cn	该文基于双圈均匀圆形阵列，提出一种互耦自校正算法，对圆阵内部和圆阵之间的互耦进行了同时校正。
en-us	Based on the dual uniform circular array, a self-calibration algorithm is proposed in the presence of mutual coupling, which can calibrate the mutual coupling in circular array and between two circular arrays at the same time.

zh-cn	算法利用双圈均匀圆阵特殊的互耦矩阵特性，对角度信息和互耦系数进行“解耦合”，用较少的计算量依次估计出信号角度和互耦系数，完成级联估计。
en-us	The algorithm utilizes the special mutual coupling matrix characteristic of dual uniform circular array to decouple angle information and mutual coupling coefficients. With less amount of calculation, the signal angle and the mutual coupling coefficients are estimated in turn. Finally, the cascade estimation is completed.

zh-cn	算法减少了搜索维数且无需互耦系数矩阵的任何先验信息，也不需要额外的辅助校正源，简单易实现。
en-us	The algorithm reduces the dimension of searching without any prior information about mutual coupling coefficient matrix and need not extra auxiliary source. So it can be easily implemented.

zh-cn	理论分析和仿真结果均表明所提算法精度高、分辨力强，可以有效地解决双圈均匀圆阵的互耦问题。
en-us	Theory analysis and simulation results illustrate that the new algorithm has high precision and resolution, hence, it can effectively solve the problem of mutual coupling for the dual circular array.

zh-cn	该文提出一种基于 4 元数的宽线性自适应波束形成方法，该方法在利用 4 元数构建单个阵元输出的基础上，通过充分挖掘 4 元数的 3 种对合信息，联合信号的非圆特性，建立 4 元数域对合增广信号模型，进而实现 4 元数域宽线性自适应波束形成。
en-us	An adaptive beamformer based on quaternion-valued widely linear processing is proposed, in which the output is expressed in quaternions for each array element. Taking into account the array output vector and its three involutions simultaneously, a quaternion-valued augmented signal model is established to exploit the noncircular information of the desired signal. The involution augmented adaptive beamforming is finally fulfilled based on the quaternion-valued widely linear processing.

zh-cn	同传统 4 元数波束形成技术相比，该方法对非圆信号的接收性能显著提升，同时可以实现阵列虚拟孔径扩展，增大自适应波束形成干扰抑制自由度。
en-us	Compared with the conventional quaternion beamformers, the proposed beamformer has an improved reception capability for noncircular signals. The aperture of the array is extended and hence the degree-of-freedom of interference suppression is increased via widely linear processing.

zh-cn	仿真实验验证了所提波束形成方法的性能。
en-us	Simulations results illustrate the performance of the proposed beamformer.

zh-cn	已有研究指出，在异步 DS-CDMA 系统中，每个用户 chip 码元使用常规 7 种波形中的双波形(DW)可以有效地降低多址干扰。
en-us	It is shown that the Multi-Address Interference (MAI) can be effectively reduced when Double Waveforms (DW) are used with chip code in the asynchronous DS-CDMA system.

zh-cn	该文提出一种基于波形集(WS)设计降低多址干扰的新方法。
en-us	A novel method to reduce the MAI based on Waveform Sets (WS) is proposed.

zh-cn	对于任意多的用户，均可以设计出由常规 7 种波形中 2 种或者 3 种波形构成的 WS。相对于 DW 方法，每个用户只需要使用 WS 中的单一波形就可以进一步提升其输出端的信干噪比(SINR)和误码率(BER)性能。
en-us	For any number of users, each user can choose single waveform from the WS that can be designed with only two or three kinds of seven conventional waveforms, and can obtain better Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) and Bit Error Rate (BER) performance than DW method.

zh-cn	该文不仅给出了新方法中使用不同波形用户接收端的 SINR 计算公式，同时给出了不同波形用户改进高斯近似 (IGA)下的 BER。
en-us	The analytical expression of SINR at the output of each correlation receiver for the proposed method is given. Besides, the BER by Improved Gaussian Approximation (IGA) over an additive white Gaussian noise channel is derived.

zh-cn	理论推导和实验仿真证实了：IGA 与高斯近似 (GA)的 BER 相比，具有与实际仿真曲线更好的重合度；新方法 IGA 下 BER 推导的准确性；基于 WS 的新方法相对于已有的 DW 方法可以进一步降低 MAI 以及提升多用户的 SINR 和 BER 性能。
en-us	Relative to the existing DW method, it is shown that the proposed method can further improve the SINR and BER performance through theoretical analysis and simulation results. The overlap between simulation curves and theoretical BER curves with IGA proves that the accuracy of BER with IGA outweighs BER with Gaussian approximation (GA).

zh-cn	该文结合概率理论和可能性理论，提出一种具有最优保证特性的贝叶斯可能性聚类新方法。
en-us	A novel Bayesian possibilistic clustering method with optimality guarantees based on probability theory and possibilistic theory is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，将未知隶属度和聚类中心作为随机变量，为每个随机变量选择一个合适的概率分布，提出贝叶斯可能性聚类模型；
en-us	First, the unknown membership degree and cluster center are represented as random variables. Given the specific constraints and uncertainty associated with each random variable, an appropriate probability distribution for each random variable is selected and the Bayesian possibilistic clustering model is proposed.

zh-cn	在此基础上，基于贝叶斯推理和和蒙特卡洛采样方法，通过最大后验概率框架求解贝叶斯可能性聚类模型中的未知参数，从而提出一种具有最优保证特性的贝叶斯可能性聚类新方法。
en-us	On this basis, a novel Bayesian possibilistic clustering method with the optimal guarantee properties is propsed based on Bayesian theory and Monte Carlo sampling method using a Maximum-A-Posteriori (MAP) framework.

zh-cn	并对算法收敛性、算法复杂度等方面作了理论探讨。
en-us	Then, the convergence of the algorithm and the complexity of the algorithm are discussed.

zh-cn	在合成数据集和真实数据集上的实验表明，所提算法扩展了传统可能性聚类性能，改进了聚类结果。
en-us	Experimental results on synthetic and real data sets show that the proposed method extends the traditional possibilistic clustering performance, and improves the clustering results.

zh-cn	为了有效地保证智能电网中业务的隔离性和解决智能电网无线资源高效分配问题，该文借助网络虚拟化技术，提出一种面向电力无线虚拟专网的资源优化分配机制。
en-us	To guarantee the isolation of the smart grid business and optimize the allocation of wireless resources, an optimal resource allocation mechanism for electric power wireless virtual networks is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，根据电力无线专网的特点，提出电力无线专网虚拟化系统模型，并通过建立网络模型抽象物理无线资源，实现资源共享；
en-us	First, a virtualization system model according to the characteristics of electric power wireless network is proposed, and abstract physical wireless resource is built to realize resource sharing.

zh-cn	然后，综合网络成本、利润、业务隔离性约束、回程容量约束、QoS 约束等因素，提出配用电接入网无线资源分配模型，且设计一种禁忌搜索的算法，在满足业务隔离和业务 QoS 要求的情况下，解决了配用电无线专网最优化虚拟资源分配。
en-us	Then, a wireless resource allocation model with several factors is designed, which are network cost, profit, service isolation constraint, backhaul bandwidth constraint, and QoS constraints. Finally, a tabu search algorithm based on these models is designed to allocate virtual resource to realize business isolation and QoS requirements.

zh-cn	仿真实验表明，该文提出的基于禁忌搜索的电力无线虚拟专网资源优化分配机制，在满足业务 QoS 要求的情况下，降低了基站能耗，并提高了网络运行的经济效益。
en-us	The simulation results show that, the proposed network model and optimal resources allocation mechanism can support QoS requirements, reduce the energy consumption of base stations, as well as improve the economic benefits of the network.

zh-cn	视频压缩感知在采集端资源受限的视频采集应用场景有重要研究意义。
en-us	Compressed Video Sensing (CVS) has great significance to the scenarios with a resource-deprived video acquisition side.

zh-cn	重构算法是视频压缩感知的关键技术，基于多假设预测的“预测-残差重构”框架具有良好的重构性能。
en-us	Reconstruction algorithm is the key technique in compressed video sensing. The Multi-Hypothesis (MH) prediction-based "prediction-residual reconstruction" framework has good reconstruction performance.

zh-cn	但现有的多假设预测算法大多在观测域提出，这种预测方法由于受到不重叠分块的限制，造成了预测帧的块效应，降低了重构质量。
en-us	However, most of the existing multi-hypothesis prediction algorithms are proposed in measurement domain, which cause block artifacts in the predicted frames and decrease reconstruction accuracy due to the restriction of non-overlapping block partitioning.

zh-cn	针对此问题，该文将像素域多假设预测与观测域多假设预测相结合，提出两级多假设重构思想(2sMHR)，并设计了基于图像组(Gw_2sMHR)和基于帧(Fw_2sMHR)的两种实现方法。
en-us	To address this issue, this paper proposes a two-stage Multi-Hypothesis Reconstruction (2sMHR) idea by incorporating the measurement-domain MH prediction with pixel-domain MH prediction. Two implementation schemes, GOP-wise (Gw) and Frame-wise (Fw) scheme, are designed for the 2sMHR.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提 2sMHR 重构算法能有效减小块效应，相比于现有最好的多假设预测算法具有更低的时间复杂度和更高的视频重构质量。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed 2sMHR algorithm can effectively reduce block artifacts and obtain higher video reconstruction accuracy while requiring lower computational complexity than the state-of- the-art CVS prediction methods.

zh-cn	该文基于忆阻器、忆容器和忆感器的物理模型与记忆机理，提出一种统一形式的记忆器件模型。
en-us	Based on the physical models and memory mechanisms of memristor, memcapacitor and meminductor, this study proposes a unified form of mem-elements model.

zh-cn	在此基础上结合线性电压控制浮地阻抗(VCFI)电路与电流积分器，构建一种通用的记忆器件模拟器。
en-us	Then a universal emulator of mem-elements is implemented with linear Voltage Control Floating Impedance (VCFI) circuit and a current integrator.

zh-cn	该电路在拓扑结构保持不变的情况下，通过接入不同性质的元件能分别模拟忆阻器、忆容器和忆感器的电学行为。
en-us	By the choice (resistor/capacitor/inductor) of different type components, the emulator can simulate the electrical behavior of memristor, memcapacitor, and meminductor, respectively.

zh-cn	最后将提出的忆阻器、忆容器和忆感器分别替换 RLC 串联谐振电路中的电阻、电容和电感元件，并从时域和频域两方面研究了记忆器件对电路的影响。
en-us	Finally, the proposed emulator is applied to RLC series resonant circuit, and the circuit influences of mem-elements from both the time domain and frequency domain are studied.

zh-cn	PSPICE 仿真结果验证了该模拟器的可行性和有效性。
en-us	PSPICE simulations verify that the correctness and effectiveness of the universal emulator.

zh-cn	为保证异构密集网中多个窃听者联合窃听时宏基站用户的下行通信安全，该文提出一种抗多窃听者的协作安全波束成形方案。
en-us	To guarantee the secrecy of downlink confidential information sent to marcocell user when there were multiple colluding eavesdroppers in dense heterogenous networks, a cooperative secrecy beamforming scheme re-sistant to multi-eavesdroppers is proposed in the paper.

zh-cn	该方案通过联合设计宏基站和微基站的最优协作波束成形矢量，使保密信息传输速率提升的同时，其他用户的下行信号进一步干扰窃听者，从而最大化系统安全速率。
en-us	The transmission rate of confidential information is improved and eavesdroppers are jammed by jointly optimizing the beamforming vectors at macrocell base station and femtocell base stations.

zh-cn	为获得最优的协作波束成形矢量，在考虑其他合法用户的服务质量及基站功率限制时，对该安全速率最大化问题进行建模。
en-us	To obtain the optimal beamforming vectors, the problem of maximizing the secrecy rate is modeled under the limitations of quality of service and base station power. The secrecy rate maximization problem is non-convex.

zh-cn	采用半定松弛技术及 Lagrange 对偶理论将原始的非凸优化问题转化为一系列的半定规划问题进行求解。
en-us	Due to the intractability, this problem is recast into a series of SemiDefinite Programs (SDP) using the SemiDefinite Relaxation (SDR) technique and the Lagrange duality.

zh-cn	仿真结果验证了所提方案的有效性和安全性。
en-us	Simulation results validate the efficacy and the secrecy of the proposed scheme.

zh-cn	针对当前可查询加密方案大多不支持模糊查询的不足，并且无法应对恶意服务器的威胁，云计算亟需为用户提供一种允许拼写错误并且可以验证查询结果正确性的加密方案。
en-us	Most of the existing searchable encryption schemes can not support fuzzy keyword search, and can not resist threats from malicious server, that the cloud computing needs to provide an encryption scheme, which can support typos and verification of the search result.

zh-cn	同时考虑到云存储中数据经常更新，提出一种动态云存储中支持可验证的模糊查询加密方案。
en-us	Considering the data is updated frequently in cloud computing, a verifiable fuzzy searchable encryption scheme in dynamic cloud storage is presented.

zh-cn	该方案通过编辑距离生成模糊关键词集，并基于伪随机函数、随机排列函数等技术构建安全索引，从而保护用户的数据隐私。
en-us	The proposed scheme constructs the fuzzy keyword set based on edit distance technique, and builds secure index based on pseudorandom function and random permutation, so as to protect the users' data privacy.

zh-cn	通过 RSA 累加器和哈希函数验证查询结果的正确性，用于检测恶意攻击者的非法行为。
en-us	The RSA accumulator and Hash function are used to verify the correctness of the search result, in order to detect the cheating behavior of the malicious attacker.

zh-cn	安全分析证明该方案能够保护用户的隐私安全，并具有可验证性。
en-us	The security analysis proves that the proposed scheme is privacy preserving and verifiable.

zh-cn	实验结果表明该方案具有可行性与有效性。
en-us	The experiment results show that the proposed scheme is efficient.

zh-cn	该文提出一种基于传递函数的有效方法，可以预测自偏置 PLL 电源噪声引起的抖动性能。
en-us	This paper presents an effective method based on transfer function to predict the jitter performance of self-biased PLL due to power supply noise.

zh-cn	PLL 的复制偏置调整器的电源噪声敏感度由小信号分析提取，分析表明需要在闭环带宽和电源噪声敏感度之间做权衡。
en-us	The supply noise sensitivity of replica biased regulator of PLL is derived from small signal analysis. The analysis shows that there exist tradeoffs between the closed-loop bandwidth and supply noise sensitivity of regulator.

zh-cn	作为例子，该文分析了一款具体的自偏置 PLL 电路的电源噪声性能，该 PLL 为一款相位插值 CDR 提供时钟。
en-us	As an example, the supply noise performance of one specific self-biased PLL which is used as a clock generator in PI based CDR is analyzed.

zh-cn	所提方法与瞬态仿真的结果进行了对比，结果表明该方法可以预测周期抖动数值，具有相当精度。
en-us	The comparison between transient simulation method and the proposed method is made. The results show that the proposed method can predict the value of period jitter with considerable accuracy.

zh-cn	同样，该方法也对提高自偏置PLL 噪声性能有指导意义。
en-us	It can also give guidelines on how to further improve the noise performance of SBPLL.

zh-cn	为了提高显著性算法对不同类图像的适用性以及结果的完整性，该文提出一种基于自适应阈值合并的分割过程与新的背景选择方法相结合的显著性检测算法。
en-us	In order to improve the applicability for different types of image and integrity of the results, a saliency detection algorithm is proposed. It combines the adaptive threshold merging with a new background selection strategy.

zh-cn	在分割过程中，生成相邻区块的 RGB 以及 LAB 共六通道融合的颜色差值序列，采用区块面积参数的反比例模型生成自适应阈值与颜色差值序列进行对比合并。
en-us	In the segmentation process, the color difference sequence is obtained by the selective fusion of RGB and LAB of adjacent blocks. Adaptive threshold is generated by inverse proportion model of block area parameter. Merging progress is done after the adaptive threshold comparison with the color difference sequence.

zh-cn	在背景选择过程中，根据局部区域背景-主体-背景的相对位置关系线索，得到背景区域，再对结果进行边缘优化。
en-us	In the background selection process, background regions are obtained by the local relative position of background-subject-background in the local area. The experimental results are optimized for edge.

zh-cn	该算法与其它算法相比得到的显著图不需要外接其他阈值算法即生成二值图，自适应阈值合并能排除复杂环境中的物体细节，专注于同等级大小物体的显著性对比。
en-us	Compared with other algorithms, the saliency map of two values obtained does not need external threshold algorithm in this paper. Adaptive threshold merging can eliminate the details of objects in complex environments and can focus on the saliency comparison of the same level size objects.

zh-cn	为了降低集成电路的软错误率，该文基于时间冗余的方法提出一种低功耗容忍软错误锁存器。
en-us	To reduce the soft error rate of the circuit, this paper proposes a low power soft error tolerant latch based on time redundancy technology.

zh-cn	该锁存器不但可以过滤上游组合逻辑传播过来的 SET 脉冲，而且对 SEU 完全免疫。
en-us	The proposed latch can fully tolerate the Single Event Upset (SEU) when particles strike on internal nodes. Furthermore, it can efficiently mask the input Single Event Transient (SET).

zh-cn	其输出节点不会因为高能粒子轰击而进入高阻态，所以该锁存器能够适用于门控时钟电路。
en-us	Its output node will not enter a high impedance state when a particle strikes on internal nodes, so the proposed latch can be applied to clock-gating circuits.

zh-cn	SPICE 仿真结果表明，与同类的加固锁存器相比，该文结构仅仅增加 13.4%的平均延时，使得可以过滤的 SET 脉冲宽度平均增加了 44.3%，并且功耗平均降低了 48.5%，功耗延时积(PDP)平均降低了 46.0%，晶体管数目平均减少了 9.1%。
en-us	Detailed SPICE simulations are done to evaluate the proposed latch circuit and previous latch circuits designed in the literatures. Compared with other soft error tolerant latches, the proposed latch introduces 13.4% delay overhead on average. While it can achieve 44.3% increase in filterable SET pulse width, 48.5% reduction in power, 46.0% reduction in Power Delay Product (PDP), and 9.1% reduction in transistor numbers on average.

zh-cn	光纤网络和无线接入技术结合的 FiWi 网络可提供高容量、灵活以及低基础设施成本的无线接入能力。由于 FiWi 网络中客户端业务量一般具有不稳定性，很难提前有效预测，高效公平的动态带宽分配(DBA)机制具有重要作用。
en-us	The integration of optical and wireless technologies, denoted as Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) networks, can provide not only high capacity but also flexible wireless access ability with less infrastructure deployment. Since data traffic generated in FiWi networks usually experiences unstable and unpredictable, it is difficult to perform traffic prediction in advance. An effective and fair Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) scheme plays an important role.

zh-cn	该文针对 EPON 和 WLAN 构成的 FiWi 网络提出一种分级 DBA 机制。
en-us	This paper proposes an upstream fair hierarchical DBA scheme for EPON-WLAN networks.

zh-cn	引入剩余带宽比例因子解决多个轮询周期内各用户分配的带宽资源与其权值不匹配而产生的不公平问题；
en-us	Excess bandwidth proportion factor is introduced to address the unfair issue due to the unmatched problem between the allocated bandwidth resource and the assigned user weight among multiple granting cycles.

zh-cn	联合考虑业务优先级、带宽请求比例和网络负载解决带宽分配中的业务 QoS 保证和信道带宽浪费问题。
en-us	On the other hand, in order to deal with the QoS guarantee and bandwidth waste issue in bandwidth allocation, we jointly taken into account of different traffic QoS priorities, bandwidth requirement proportion, and actual traffic load.

zh-cn	仿真实验表明，与现有文献的 DBA 机制相比，系统公平性、吞吐量和信道利用率有明显提升。
en-us	Extensive simulation results show that compared with the existing DBA schemes, the proposed hierarchical DBA scheme can improve proportional fairness, throughput and channel utilization.

zh-cn	且所提 DBA 算法不限定具体带宽资源类型，具有良好通用性。
en-us	Moreover, the proposed FiWi DBA scheme does not refer to a specific bandwidth resource types, thus obtains good generality.

zh-cn	由于 LCLC 谐振变换器能够同时实现开关管的零电压、零电流开通和关断，因此广泛应用于行波管电源中。
en-us	As the advantages of zero-current-switching and zero-voltage-switching, the LCLC resonant converters are widely used in power supplies of Travelling-Wave Tubes (TWT).

zh-cn	然而，在实际电路测试中出现的“反向谐振电流”以及“开关管关断时谐振电流不为零”的问题，造成 LCLC谐振变换器的效率下降。
en-us	However, the problems such as the reverse resonant current and the non-zero resonant current in the converter drop the efficiency.

zh-cn	该文从 LCLC 谐振变换器的工作原理出发，推导了上述两个问题出现的原因，并给出了解决方案。
en-us	In this paper, the above problems are explained by the working principle of the converter and the solutions to the problems are also given.

zh-cn	通过软件仿真的方法，给出了用于 LCLC 谐振变换器的经验数值。
en-us	Based on the simulations, empirical data is given to guide the design of the LCLC resonant converters.

zh-cn	最后，通过软件仿真以及实际测试两种方法验证了上述分析。
en-us	Finally, the analysis is validated by the simulations and experiments.

zh-cn	光无线融合网络中光域和无线域存在速率不匹配以及业务分类不同的问题。
en-us	There are mismatches of transmission rates and different service classifications between optical domain and wireless domain in Wireless-Optical Broadband Access Network (WOBAN).

zh-cn	为提高融合网络的 QoS 及充分利用网络资源，该文提出一种基于令牌桶算法的流量整形策略。
en-us	To improve the QoS of the integration network and make full use of network resources, a new algorithm based on token bucket traffic shaping policy is proposed.

zh-cn	根据 EPON 与 WiMAX 业务的 QoS 映射以及调度策略，以业务在整个网络中的相对优先级来决定令牌桶参数的选择，并结合更符合实际的自相似网络流量推导出最佳令牌桶参数计算公式，并在此基础上，提出基于优先级的共享缓存策略，进而，得到通过 QoS 指标的变化而自适应动态调整的流量整形策略。仿真结果表明，所提流量整形策略能够有效降低网络设备压力，同时提高整个融合网络的 QoS。
en-us	According to the service mapping rules and scheduling of EPON and WiMAX, the selection of token bucket parameters B determined based on the relative service priority of the entire network. This paper also combines with more realistic self-similar network traffic to derive the best formula for token bucket parameters and then proposes a shared buffer strategy on the basis of the service priority. Furthermore, an adaptively dynamically adjust traffic shaping policy is obtained through the change of QoS metrics. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy can effectively reduce traffic shaping network equipment pressure while improving the QoS of whole converged networks.

zh-cn	针对超短基线水声定位系统面临的相位差模糊问题，该文提出一种基于多分类器融合的定位解模糊算法。
en-us	To solve the phase-difference ambiguity problem in Ultra-Short BaseLine (USBL) underwater acoustic positioning systems, an ambiguity resolution and localization method based on Multiple Classifier Fusion (MCF) is proposed.

zh-cn	首先构建多分类器系统，将解模糊问题转化为对模糊数进行分类识别的问题，并采用 Choquet 积分对各分类器结果进行融合，得到模糊数所属类别，进而对目标进行定位。
en-us	Firstly, the multiple classifier system is built. Then, ambiguity resolution problem is formulated as classifying and recognizing the ambiguity integer, and Choquet integral is utilized for fusing the results of multiple classifiers. Finally, the category of ambiguity integer is obtained and the target is located.

zh-cn	给出了目标位置的无模糊观测条件。
en-us	The unambiguous observation condition of the target position is derived.

zh-cn	该算法优点是无需构造小于半波长间距的阵列，有效扩大了无模糊阵列孔径，而且由于充分利用了相位差观测数据的统计特性，定位精度可接近克拉美-罗界。
en-us	Without constructing an inter-sensor spacing less than half the wavelength, unambiguous aperture of the array is effectively enlarged. Moreover, as statistical characteristics of the observation data are fully utilized, the positioning accuracy approaches the Cramer-Rao bound.

zh-cn	仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。
en-us	Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

zh-cn	为提高低信噪比条件下宽带欠定信号 DOA 估计精度，该文提出基于网格失配迭代最小化稀疏学习的宽带DOA 估计方法。
en-us	In order to improve underdetermined wideband signals DOA estimation accuracy under low Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) condition, an off-grid sparse learning via iterative minimization algorithm is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法首先对频域协方差矩阵进行矢量化处理实现虚拟阵列扩展，将欠定信号转换为超定信号。
en-us	Firstly, the novel algorithm vectorizes the covariance matrix in frequency domain to realize visual array extension, as a result, underdetermined wideband signals are transformed into overdetermined signals.

zh-cn	其次利用线性变换滤除含有噪声项的虚拟阵元，并对协方差估计误差进行了白化处理，抑制了信号中的干扰项。
en-us	Then linear transform is used to eliminate the noise contained virtual array elements, whitening process is utilized to the estimation error of covariance matrix, as a result, the interference in signals is suppressed.

zh-cn	最后建立了包含不同频点联合稀疏参数和网格失配参数的贝叶斯层次架构，推导了联合稀疏参数、网格失配参数的最小稀疏表达式并进行了迭代学习。
en-us	Finally, a Bayesian structure containing the joint sparsity parameter of different frequencies and off-grid parameter is built, the minimization sparse expressions of joint sparsity parameter and off-grid parameter are deduced and corresponding parameters are learned iteratively.

zh-cn	较传统方法，该方法不依赖任何先验信息，更好地抑制了虚拟阵元中的噪声和干扰，降低了网格失配对 DOA 估计的影响，在低信噪比条件下具有更高的 DOA 估计精度和分辨率。
en-us	Compared with other methods, the proposed method does not rely on any prior information, suppresses the inference in virtual array elements more efficiently, reduces the effects of off-grid problem, and gets higher DOA estimation accuracy and resolution under low SNR condition.

zh-cn	仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性。
en-us	Simulation experiments verify the validity of the novel algorithm.

zh-cn	针对缺乏气象数据情况下低仰角对流层散射斜延迟的实时估计问题，该文提出一种基于射线描迹的对流层斜延迟估计方法。
en-us	Based on ray tracing, a real-time method of tropospheric scatter slant delay estimation is proposed to estimate the low-elevation tropospheric delay in the absence of meteorological data.

zh-cn	该算法利用 UNB3m 模型获取大气气象参数，建立了对流层大气折射率剖面模型，克服了气象数据对射线描迹法中折射率计算的限制。
en-us	The model uses the UNB3m model to obtain atmospheric meteorological parameters, establishes the tropospheric atmospheric refractive index profile model, and overcomes the limitation of meteorological data on the refractive index calculation in the ray tracing method.

zh-cn	选取亚洲地区 8 个国际 GNSS 服务(International GNSS Service, IGS)测站 2012 年的实测气象数据，计算对流层大气折射率剖面，验证了对流层延迟模型的精度小于 25 mm；
en-us	The atmospheric refractive index profile of the troposphere is calculated by using the meteorological data of the International GNSS Service (IGS) stations in Asia in 2012, and the accuracy of the tropospheric delay model is verified to be less than 25 mm.

zh-cn	选取基线距离适宜的 3 个测站分成 3 组散射通信比对站，利用射线描迹法计算了其在05°°∼入射角下全年的斜延迟。
en-us	The three stations with the baseline distance are selected and divided into three sets of scatter correspondence comparison stations. The oblique delay at 05°°∼ incident angle is calculated by ray tracing method.

zh-cn	计算结果表明：3 组比对站最大单向传输斜延迟为 22.38∼48.37 m；在进行双向时间比对相互抵消 95%的情况下，时间延迟为 3.73∼8.07 ns。
en-us	The results show that the maximum one-way propagation delay is 22.38∼48.37 m for the three groups, and 3.73∼8.07 ns for the two-way time offset 95%.

zh-cn	现有的自适应解调方案中采用的调制星座阶数最高仅限于 16，且方案分析和设计中没有考虑信道编码的译码环节。
en-us	The order of the modulation used in existing adaptive demodulation schemes is no higher than 16, and the decoding of channel codes is not taken into consideration in the analysis and design.

zh-cn	该文研究适用于高阶 QAM 调制的自适应解调算法，并结合无率纠错码提出一种收端速率自适应方案。
en-us	In this paper, an adaptive demodulation algorithm used for higher order Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is studied. A rate adaptive scheme at receiver is proposed which combines this algorithm and rateless error correcting codes.

zh-cn	收端将符号中每个比特的对数似然比绝对值与设定的解调门限值比较，大于该解调门限值的比特解调，否则删除。
en-us	The bits in received symbols with absolute log-likelihood ratio value higher than demodulation threshold are demodulated, otherwise, deleted.

zh-cn	无率码译码码字长度固定，通过调整解调门限达到误码性能要求。
en-us	In the scheme, the length of the codeword for the rateless codes decoding is fixed, and error performance is achieved by adjusting the demodulation threshold.

zh-cn	在解调比特的平均互信息分析的基础上，给出不同信噪比下达到期望的译码误码性能要求的解调门限值及解调比例的计算方法。
en-us	Based on the analysis of the average mutual information of the demodulation bits, the calculation method is given of the log-likelihood ratio demodulation threshold and demodulation bits ratio under different signal-to-noise ratio.

zh-cn	以 256-QAM 星座和 Raptor 码为例给出方案设计实例并进行仿真，仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性和方案的有效性。
en-us	A sample design scheme employing 256-QAM constellations and Raptor codes is provided, and the simulation results of this sample are consistent well with those of the theoretical analysis, which confirms the effectiveness of the scheme.

zh-cn	在分析电荷泵结构、工作原理和产生杂散机理的基础上，该文提出了一种低静态电流失配、低时序失配的高性能电荷泵。
en-us	On the basis of the analysis of the structure, operation principle and mechanism of generating spurs of the charge pump, a charge pump with a low static current mismatch and a low timing mismatch is proposed.

zh-cn	此电荷泵通过减小电荷泵开关过程中时序失配和电流失配，减小了高频锁相环中的抖动和杂散。
en-us	This charge pump suppresses the jitter and spurs in high-speed Phase-Looked Loops (PLL) by improving the timing mismatch and the current mismatch during switching in the charge pump.

zh-cn	基于中芯国际 0.18 μm CMOS 射频工艺技术和 1.8 V 电源电压，对采用此高性能电荷泵的锁相环进行了相位噪声仿真。
en-us	Based on the SMIC 0.18 μm CMOS radio frequency technology with 1.8 V power supply, the phase noise simulation of the PLLs adopting the proposed charge pump is performed.

zh-cn	仿真结果验证了这些锁相环具有低噪声特性：在 480 MHz 的输出频率下，二阶锁相环的周期抖动为 1.05 ps，最大参考杂散为-121 dBc。
en-us	The simulation results demonstrate that those PLLs achieve a low noise performance: the second-order PLL shows a period jitter of 1.05 ps and the largest reference spur of -121 dBc with the PLL output frequency of 480 MHz.

zh-cn	该文设计了一种基于 SRAM 物理不可克隆函数(PUFs)的高效真随机种子发生器。
en-us	An efficient design of truly random seed generator based on SRAM Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	通过将不提供熵值的稳定节点和提供低熵值的噪声节点筛除，只选用能够提供较高熵值的噪声节点来生成满熵种子，大幅降低需要处理的数据量，提高节点数据的处理效率。
en-us	Only the noisy cells of high min-entropy are selected to generate full entropy seeds in this design. Therefore, it can reduce the amount of data to be processed significantly and improve the efficiency of seed generation.

zh-cn	通过测试 SRAM PUFs 内部噪声节点的振荡特性，提出筛选出 SRAM PUFs内部高熵值的噪声节点的最佳策略，最终基于此策略设计出真随机种子发生器。
en-us	The oscillating characteristics of the noisy cells inside SRAM are measured, and screening strategies for filtering out the selected noisy cells inside the SRAM are put forward.

zh-cn	该设计可以产生 128~256 bit 长度的满熵的种子且处理的节点数据量只有当前方法的 0.5%~4%。生成的种子满足 NIST 架构的随机数生成器要求，产生的伪随机数全部通过了随机数检测。
en-us	Finally, based on the strategies, a truly random seed generator is designed, which can generate full entropy seeds. The length of seeds generated by this design is from 128 bit to 256 bit. The number of the selected cells which are used to generate seeds is from 0.5% to 4% of all SRAM cells.

zh-cn	与现有设计相比，该文提出的真随机种子发生器是一种高效的、适用范围较广的设计。
en-us	Compared to the current design, it is shown that the proposed design in this paper is efficient and widely applicable.

zh-cn	针对多运动站无源定位过程中存在系统误差的问题，该文提出一种基于到达时差(TDOA)与到达增益比(GROA)最小二乘配准算法。
en-us	This paper proposes a least-squares registration algorithm using Time Differences Of Arrival (TDOA) and Gain Ratios Of Arrival (GROA) measurements to solve the problem of multiple moving observers passive localization under the influence of system error.

zh-cn	该算法利用泰勒展开把非线性的量测方程线性化，利用最小二乘算法得到对目标状态和系统误差的联合估计，并考虑了量测噪声和站址误差的影响。
en-us	The proposed algorithm linearizes the nonlinear measurement equation by Taylor expansion, executes least squares algorithm for the joint estimation of target state and system biases, and considers the influence of measurement noise and location errors of observers.

zh-cn	同时推导了存在量测噪声、站址误差和系统误差时的克拉美罗下界(CRLB)，并分析了系统误差对 CRLB 的影响。
en-us	Meanwhile Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) under the influence of measurement noise, location errors of observers and system biases is derived, and the influence of system error on CRLB is analyzed.

zh-cn	多种条件下的仿真表明，该算法对系统误差和目标状态的估计精度较高，说明了算法的有效性。
en-us	Simulations under several different conditions indicate the proposed algorithm is valid, which can effectively estimate the system biases and target state.

zh-cn	针对多分量多项式相位信号(mc-PPS)的 Wigner-Ville 分布存在的时频干扰问题，该文提出一种基于多尺度 Chirplet 稀疏分解和 Wigner-Ville 变换的时频分析方法。
en-us	To solve the problem of time-frequency interference existing in the multicomponent Polynomial Phase Signal (mc-PPS) Wigner-Ville distribution, a new time-frequency analysis method based on the multi-scale Chirplet sparse decomposition and Wigner-Ville transform is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法采用多尺度的 Chirplet 基函数对信号进行投影分解，通过延时相关解调的分数阶傅里叶变换(FRFT)搜索投影系数最大的基函数，将搜索得到的基函数通过Wigner-Ville 变换和最佳路径连接方法，逐次获得使分解信号能量最大的信号分量及其时频分布。
en-us	This method projects mc-PPS onto the multi-scale Chirplet base functions, searching best base functions by the improved FRactional Fourier Transform (FRFT). Through the Wigner-Ville transform and best path pursuit algorithm, the base functions constitute largest energy signals component and power distribution in turns.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该方法能在低信噪比条件下有效抑制等振幅 mc-PPS 的自交叉项和互交叉项的干扰，具有最佳的时频聚集性，克服了全局搜索基函数计算量大的问题，适用于非平稳信号的分析和处理。
en-us	Simulation results verify that the proposed method can restrain effectively the cross-interference of constant mc-PPS in low Signal-to-Noise Ratio condition, maintain a high time-frequency aggregation, and overcome the large computation of global searching algorithm. Furthermore, this method is suitable for non-stationary signals analysis and processing.

zh-cn	为实现运行体空间认知和自主导航，借鉴生物导航机理，该文提出基于多尺度空间表征的生物启发目标指引导航模型。
en-us	In order to achieve spatial cognition and autonomous navigation, enlightened by the mechanism for biological navigation, a bio-inspired goal-directed navigation model based on a multi-scale spatial representation is proposed.

zh-cn	首先构建不同尺度位置细胞图编码空间环境，采用高斯模型模拟位置细胞放电率，并将其作为 Q 学习的状态输入，然后采用模拟退火方法完成行为选择，通过多次探索学习使运行体能够正确规划出一条从起始点到目标点的最短路径。
en-us	First, a place cell map with different scales is constructed for encoding the space environment. Second, the firing rate of place cells in each layer is calculated by the Gaussian function as the input of Q-learning process. Third, the annealing strategy is used to choose a reasonable action. After training and learning, the robot can succeed to plan an optimal route from the starting point to the goal point.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该方法用于目标指引导航是可行的，相对于单尺度位置细胞空间认知模型，该方法不但符合多尺度空间表征的生物学依据，而且学习速度更快。
en-us	Simulation results show that, the proposed method is feasible for goal-directed navigation. Compared with the spatial cognitive model of single scale place cells, the proposed method not only meets the multi-scale spatial representation nature of place cells in hippocampus, but also has a faster learning speed.

zh-cn	在存在障碍物的环境中，能够顺利完成目标指引导航任务，并且当障碍物发生变化时具有较好的适应性。
en-us	Additionally, it has good performance on completing the goal-oriented navigation in the presence of obstacles, and can adapt to the change of obstacles in the environment.

zh-cn	针对传统 ROM(Read-Only Memory)存储密度低、功耗高的问题，该文提出一种采用二极管单元并通过接触孔编程来存储数据的掩模 ROM。
en-us	Since the traditional Read-Only Memory (ROM) has the problems of low density and high power consumption, a mask ROM based on diode cells and contact-programming process is proposed.

zh-cn	二极管阵列采用双沟槽隔离工艺和无间隙接触孔连接方式实现了极高的存储密度。
en-us	With dual-trench isolation process and borderless contact scheme, the diode array can realize ultrahigh density.

zh-cn	基于此设计了一款容量为 2 Mb 的掩模 ROM，包含 8 个 256 kb 的子阵列。
en-us	Based on the proposed novel diode array, a mask ROM macro with 2 Mb capacity is designed, which contains 8 256 kb sub-arrays.

zh-cn	二极管阵列采用 40 nm 设计规则，外围逻辑电路采用 2.5 V CMOS 工艺完成设计。
en-us	The diode arrays are fabricated with 40 nm design rule and the peripheral logic circuits are achieved in 2.5 V CMOS process.

zh-cn	二极管单元的有效面积仅为 0.0172mμ，存储密度高达 0.0268 mm2/Mb。
en-us	The effective area of the diode cell is only 0.017 2mμ and the density of the diode array is 0.0268 mm2/Mb.

zh-cn	测试结果显示二极管单元具备良好的单元特性，在 2.5 V 电压下 2 Mb ROM 的比特良率达到了 99.8%。
en-us	Test results show that the cell feature of diodes is good and the bit yield of the 2 Mb ROM achieves 99.8% under 2.5 V supply voltage.

zh-cn	考虑一个存在多窃听者的多小区下行链路蜂窝网络，协作小区通过在选定的子载波上执行协作波束赋形，利用小区间干扰抑制窃听者，实现安全传输。
en-us	This paper studies physical layer security of the multi-cell cellular networks, where the base stations need to perform cooperation beamforming in selected subcarriers to secure the downlink communication, and eavesdroppers with random location are interfered by inter-cell interference.

zh-cn	在窃听者位置未知的情况下，推导了下行链路保密连接概率的闭式表达式。
en-us	Firstly, the approximation for the secrecy connection probability with uncertained locations of eavesdroppers is obtained.

zh-cn	在此基础上，将下行链路建模为博弈参与者，该文提出一种基于联盟博弈的多小区下行链路保密协作算法，以保密连接概率为效用函数，通过设计联盟加入和退出规则，实现了下行链路对子载波的高效选择和保密协作联盟的自组织生成。
en-us	Then a distributed coalition game based cooperation algorithm is proposed to maximize the secrecy connection probability of downlinks. Specifically, the downlink is modeled as game player, whose payoff is the secrecy connection probability in the selected coalition, the join and quit rules of coalitions are designed to make downlinks self-organizing form cooperative coalition and achieve the effective subcarrier allocation.

zh-cn	理论和仿真分析表明所提算法能够形成稳定的联盟结构，并且所提算法的保密性能优于传统的联盟协作算法。
en-us	Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can form a stable coalitional structure and results in a notable secure performance advantage relative to the traditional cooperation algorithms.

zh-cn	利用地基观测相机拍摄的以深空为背景的星图受星空复杂背景的影响，往往具有较高的噪声水平。
en-us	The star maps acquired by the ground-based cameras are susceptible to the complex background of the starry sky and thus have high noise levels.

zh-cn	同时由于星图目标和噪声呈现较大的相似性，传统的图像去噪算法并不适用于星图。
en-us	In addition, the targets in star maps are similar to the noises due to their punctate shapes. As a result, the traditional image denoising method is not applicable to star maps.

zh-cn	为此，该文提出一种基于能量函数的极值中值滤波去噪算法，该算法在去除星图椒盐噪声的同时能够较好地保持图像目标信息。
en-us	A new adaptive extremum median filtering denoising algorithm is put forward based on energy function, which can effectively remove the salt and pepper noise of the star maps and keep the small target information at the same time.

zh-cn	该方法针对疑似噪声点采用二次检测的方式，并且结合改进的自适应中值滤波和能量函数模型进行灰度值恢复。
en-us	This method employs a twice-check strategy to reduce the false detection ratio of noisy pixels and uses the improved adaptive median filter and the energy function model to recovery noise imagery.

zh-cn	该文分别使用仿真试验和真实星图处理试验对该方法进行验证，在客观评价中，图像峰值信噪比 PSNR(Peak Signal to Noise Ratio)最高可提高 3 倍多，均方误差 MSE(Mean Squared Error)减小为加噪图像的53.1610−×。
en-us	The simulated and real star map experiments show that, the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) is improved about 3 times and the Mean Squared Error (MSE) is reduced by 53.1610−× in the terms of objective evaluations.

zh-cn	试验结果表明，该方法可有效地降低传统方法的噪声误检问题，同时提高噪声图像的恢复精度，非常适合星图噪声的去除。
en-us	The proposed method can effectively improve the denoising result and thus is applicable to star maps.

zh-cn	对地下管道电缆等目标的几何特征估计在城市建设和市政基础设施维护中尤为重要，针对此类埋地细长良导体目标，该文提出一种基于瞬态电磁响应的管道目标长度与方位角估计方法。
en-us	It is particularly important to estimate the geometric features of buried pipe cables in urban construction and municipal infrastructure maintenance. For this kind of subsurface thin-wire structure targets, a method for estimation of the length and orientation of a target based on transient electromagnetic responses is proposed.

zh-cn	建立了介电媒质中水平极化电磁波在布鲁斯特角入射下细长良导体目标后向散射回波时延差模型，通过分析瞬态响应时频分布，建立了其谐振态与目标长度的关系，并由此估计目标的长度。
en-us	In this method, a time delay difference model of the backscattering responses from such thin-wire structures illuminated by electromagnetic wave at Brewster's angle with horizontal polarization is established. By analyzing the time-frequency distribution of the transient responses, the relationship between the resonant state and the target length is established and the length of the target is estimated.

zh-cn	利用瞬态响应早时部分首达回波与晚时部分谐振回波的能量变化趋势，判断电磁波到达目标两端点的时间顺序，再根据首达时间延迟差估计目标的方位角。
en-us	The energy change between the early time responses and late time resonances is applied to determining the time sequence of the arrival of the electromagnetic wave to the target. Then the target orientation is estimated by the time delay difference of early time responses.

zh-cn	数值仿真结果表明在电场方向与目标轴线方向偏离不大的情况下，提出方法有效并且对噪声具有鲁棒性，适用于信噪比SNR5 dB≥的长度估计以及SNR>10 dB的方位角估计。
en-us	Numerical simulation results show that the proposed method is effective in the case of the direction of electric field close to the target axial direction. Meanwhile, the proposed method is robust to noise, and can be applied to length estimation for SNR5 dB ≥ and orientation estimation for SNR>10 dB .

zh-cn	目前，用于室内定位的雷达技术为了达到高精度而使用高带宽的调频连续波，这样不仅对设备要求高且杂波干扰大。
en-us	The radar technology used in indoor localization prefers wide bandwidth frequency modulated continuous wave for high accuracy, yet this way needs specific device and suffers from clutters.

zh-cn	为降低带宽开销，该文使用双频连续波比相测距机制来实现室内人体定位。
en-us	In order to reduce the bandwidth overhead, the indoor human localization is implemented based on dual frequency continuous wave phase ratio.

zh-cn	在该方法中复杂的室内环境和人体变化的移动速度会造成频谱扩展，导致有效信号信噪比降低，能量发散甚至出现峰值误判，直接降低测速和定位的精度。
en-us	However, the receive signal spectrum spreads due to the complex indoor environment and the changing moving speed. The spectrum spread will leads to SNR reduction, energy divergence and wrong peak value, which decrease velocity measuring and localization accuracy.

zh-cn	由此，提出应用于室内环境中的基于双频连续波比相测距的局部速度差补偿算法，以校准频域信号，获取高精度的速度与距离信息。
en-us	To improve the location accuracy, the frequency domain signal is calibrated with the proposed partial velocity deviation compensation algorithm in the dual frequency phase ratio localization.

zh-cn	实验结果表明在设备功率提供的测距范围内固定位置均方根误差在 9~14 cm 内，与已有调频连续波有同等级的测距精度，最终实现了低带宽下的高精度人体定位。
en-us	The experiment results show that the root mean square error of the distance measuring is as high as 9 ~ 14 cm in low bandwidth, which is parallel to the state of art.

zh-cn	同时该系统的算法复杂度较低，能更好地适用于人体轨迹的实时跟踪。
en-us	Moreover, the indoor localization and tracking can work in real time by using the proposed low complexity algorithm.

zh-cn	匹配场处理通常要求接收基阵能够覆盖整个水层，如此大尺度的布阵方式严重阻碍了该方法的广泛使用。
en-us	The receiver array of matched field processing usually needs to cover the whole water column, such a large arrangement of array hinders its application seriously.

zh-cn	为了缓解匹配场处理对阵形的苛刻要求，该文提出一种基于最小二乘的短垂线阵匹配场处理技术。该方法把接收阵的声场分解为模态函数矩阵和模态系数向量，并在最小范数意义下用最小二乘算法得到了各阶模态系数的估计值，在此基础上重新构造了短垂线阵的测量场向量，使得重构后的测量场包含更多的环境信息，从而提高了短垂线阵匹配场处理的性能。
en-us	To overcome this shortcoming, an approach called matched field processing based on least squares algorithm is proposed, which decomposes the received fields into depth function matrixes and amplitudes of normal mode at the beginning. Then all the mode amplitudes are estimated using the least squares in the sense of minimum norm. Next, the amplitudes estimated are used to reconstruct the received fields of the short vertical linear array, which makes the reconstructed ones contain more environmental information, therefore the performance of matched field processing with short array is improved.

zh-cn	最后，在典型的 Pekeris 波导环境中进行仿真，以 3 种布放在水面附近的短垂线阵为例，分析了匹配场被动定位的性能，并用广义余弦量化分析了不同布阵方式对测量场的影响。
en-us	In the end, lots of simulations with three short vertical arrays which are located near by water surface are processed in the classical Pekeris waveguide, and the performance of matched field passive localization is evaluated. Meanwhile, in order to quantify the influence of different kinds of geometrical arrangements to the received fields, the generalized cosine-squared between two vectors is used.

zh-cn	结果表明：使用最小二乘算法对短阵的测量场进行声场重构后广义余弦变大，此时短垂线阵匹配场处理的定位性能得到改善，验证了该算法的有效性。
en-us	The results show that when the received fields of short array are reconstructed using the least squares, the generalized cosine-squared is larger obviously, finally the performance of matched field passive localization with short array is improved and the proposed algorithm is proved to be effective.

zh-cn	展宽现有卫星通信频段的带宽是增大通信容量的有效途径之一。
en-us	Broadening existing communication bandwidth is a key technology of satellite communication antenna.

zh-cn	为将 C 波段通信接收频段带宽展宽为3.625~4.800 GHz，发射频段展宽为 5.850~7.025 GHz，该文设计了一种宽频带、结构紧凑、双线极化四端口馈源网络系统，通过采用宽带正交模耦合器与 E 面侧壁耦合 T-接头宽带频率双工器，拓宽了馈源网络的工作带宽，由于该工作频带超过了标准波导的工作带宽，网络各部件的设计采取了非标波导，该文设计了八边形过渡波导解决了系统各部件在整个频带内的匹配问题。
en-us	In order to extend the C band satellite communication, covering the receiving band 3.625~4.800 GHz and the transmitting band 5.850~7.025 GHz, a compact broadband four-port dual linear polarization feed network is designed. The broadband characteristics are achieved by employing a broadband orthomode transducer and two identical E-plane side coupling T-junction duplexers. The extended C band exceeds the bandwidth of a standard rectangular waveguide, so an octave bandwidth concept for compact waveguide transitions based on the use of octagonal-shaped sections is presented. A prototype of the feed network is developed.

zh-cn	研发和测试了该馈源网络系统，测试与仿真结果吻合良好。
en-us	Simulated and measured results show good agreements.

zh-cn	实测结果表明，所有端口电压驻波比小于 1.35，插入损耗小于 0.5 dB，收发隔离度大于 95 dB。
en-us	Measurements show that, this compact 4-port network provides Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) better than 1.35 in all ports, insertion losses less than 0.5 dB, isolation Tx/Rx greater than 95 dB.

zh-cn	在异构无线网络中，针对终端不同类型的应用在服务质量(QoS)需求上的差异，该文提出一种面向终端个性化服务的模糊垂直切换算法。
en-us	Considering the differences in Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of different application classes in heterogeneous wireless networks, this paper proposes an individualization service oriented fuzzy vertical handover algorithm.

zh-cn	该算法从以下两个方面提高切换性能：首先在网络发现阶段，通过预测候选网络在切换时刻的负载状态，对候选网络进行筛选；
en-us	The handover performance is improved from the following two aspects. Firstly, in the network discovery phase, the candidate networks are sifted by predicting the network loads in handover execution.

zh-cn	然后在切换判决阶段，根据每类应用对 QoS 参数的不同需求范围设计不同的隶属度函数。
en-us	Secondly, in the handover decision phase, different membership functions are designed according to the different QoS requirements of each application class.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该算法能有效降低切换阻塞率，提高系统吞吐量，并能根据终端的应用类型合理地选择切换网络，满足了终端的个性化服务需求。
en-us	The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the blocking probability, improve the system throughput, select the target network reasonably, and meet the QoS requirements of terminal individualization service.

zh-cn	网内缓存作为内容中心网络(CCN)的核心技术，越来越受到关注。
en-us	As the most important core technology in Content Centric Networking (CCN), caching is widely concerned .

zh-cn	为了提高网络的缓存性能以及用户对数据请求的满意度，该文提出一种基于内容等级及流行度的缓存策略(CLPC)。
en-us	In order to improve the network performance and enhance the user satisfaction of data request, a Content-based Level and the Popularity of Caching (CLPC) strategies is proposed .

zh-cn	CLPC 策略通过设置不同用户对内容的访问等级以及统计内容的访问频率，决定数据的缓存位置，并且设计了数据替换方法，在一定程度上保证了不同用户对不同数据的最优请求，同时提高了网络的性能。
en-us	The strategy decides the cache position of data and design method of data replacement by setting the request content level of different users and counting the request frequency, to ensure the optimum request of different users for different data and improve the performance of the network.

zh-cn	实验证明该策略与 CEE+LRU, Prob(0.7)+LRU, Betw+LRU相比，能更好地提高缓存命中率、平均时延及源端命中率等网络缓存性能指标。
en-us	Experimental results show that compared with the CEE + LRU, Prob (0.7) + LRU and Betw+LRU, the CLPC can increase cache hit ratio, reduce the average delay and the content source hit ratio.

zh-cn	平面变压器具有小体积、高功率密度以及热特性好的特点，在低压领域得到了广泛应用。
en-us	Planar transformers are widely used in low-voltage applications because of the advantages of low profile, high power density and excellent thermal characteristics.

zh-cn	该文研究了将平面变压器应用于行波管电源中。
en-us	This paper applies the planar transformer for power supplies to Travelling-Wave Tube Amplifiers (TWTAs).

zh-cn	结合行波管电源常用的 LCLC谐振拓扑，采用部分交错绕组结构设计了一种平面变压器，并进行了电路仿真和实际测试，仿真结果与实测结果一致。
en-us	Based on the LCLC topology, which is always used in TWTAs, a planar transformer with an interleaved structure is designed. In addition, the experimental results are in accordance with the simulation results.

zh-cn	采用该平面变压器的 LCLC 谐振变换器，输入电压为 40 V，输出电压为 4800 V，输出功率为 295 W，开关频率为 500 kHz。
en-us	The input voltage of the converter is 40 V, the output voltage is 4800 V, the output power is 295 W and the switching frequency is 500 kHz.

zh-cn	仿真结果与实验结果均表明，采用平面变压器，可以提高开关频率，缩小电源体积，提高功率密度，从而降低整个行波管放大器的体积和重量。
en-us	Conclusions can be drawn that with the planar transformers, the switching frequency can be increased and the volume of the power supplies can be reduced.

zh-cn	同时同频全双工通信的射频域自干扰抑制量增加，导致数字域自干扰信号的信噪比下降，使得数字域自干扰抑制量减少。
en-us	The self-interference signal to noise ratio in digital domain decreases as the amount of RF self-interference cancellation increases in Co-time Co-frequency Full Duplex (CCFD) communications. The amount of digital self-interference cancellation decreases as the digital self-interference power decreases.

zh-cn	针对这一现实问题，该文分析了数字域自干扰抑制能力与射频域自干扰抑制量之间的量化关系，在典型数字域估计算法下，给出了具体关系的闭合解。
en-us	The impact of the amount of RF self-interference cancellation on digital self-interference cancellation is analyzed.

zh-cn	分析与仿真结果表明，全双工通信在执行射频域联合数字域自干扰抑制时，射频域自干扰抑制的增大量总是大于数字域自干扰抑制能力的减小量，当射频域自干扰抑制较小时，数字域自干扰抑制将更有效；
en-us	The digital self-interference cancellation is analyzed in this paper based on LS and MMSE channel estimation. It is shown that the decrease in the amount of digital self-interference cancellation is always less than the increase in RF self- interference cancellation when applying digital cancellation after RF cancellation in full duplex communications. Applying digital cancellation after RF cancellation is more useful when RF cancellation delivers poor suppression.

zh-cn	过大的射频域自干扰抑制量将造成数字域自干扰抑制性能的损失。
en-us	The performance of digital self-interference cancellation will degrade when RF cancellation achieves large suppression.

zh-cn	该文设计了一种风车形双频带阻型频率选择表面(FSS) ，并将其加载到双频微带天线地板，实现宽带雷达散射截面(RCS)减缩。
en-us	A dual stop band Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) in windmill-liked shape is proposed, which achieves wide Rader Cross Section (RCS) reduction by applying FSS on the ground of the dualband microstrip antenna.

zh-cn	风车形 FSS 每一角都由两个相差 90°的半方环组成，通过电偶极子谐振和风车 FSS 高次模谐振实现双频阻带。
en-us	Each corner of the FSS is formed by combining two semi-suqares which have 90° of rotation between each semi-square. The dual stop bands are the results of the resonance of the electric dipole and the higher order mode effect.

zh-cn	仿真和实测结果表明，将该 FSS 单元加载到双频微带天线地板后，在 5.20 GHz 处，天线 E面、H 面前向增益基本保持不变；在 10.41 GHz 处，天线 E 面、H 面前向增益提高了 1.8 dBi；
en-us	The simulation and measurement results show that the gain of E plane and H plane at 5.20 GHz is maintained, while the gain of E plane and H plane at 10.41 GHz are increased by 1.8 dBi, simultaneously.

zh-cn	同时，天线单站RCS 在 1.0~16.8 GHz 宽带内减缩效果明显，其中 x 极化波下最大缩减量达到 28.3 dB, y 极化波下最大减缩量达到36.2 dB。
en-us	The antenna's monostatic RCS reduction is obviously observed in a wide frequency band ranging from 1.0 GHz to 16.8 GHz. What's more, the maximum value is 28.3 dB under x polarization and 36.2 dB under y polarization, respectively.

zh-cn	该文引入 Wigner-Ville 分布中的交叉项，通过建立交叉项时频分布特性与椭圆球面波函数(Prolate Spheroidal Wave Function, PSWF)信号及其 Hilbert 变换信号性质之间的关系，重点研究了 PSWF 信号间交叉项时频分布特性与信号自身奇偶性、最佳时频能量聚集性等性质的关系，交叉项在时域、频域、时频域的能量密度分布规律。
en-us	This paper introduces the cross-terms in Wigner-Ville distribution to explore the time-frequency mechanism and regular of interaction between Prolate Spheroidal Wave Function (PSWF). By establishing the relationship between time-frequency characteristics of cross-terms and the excellent characteristics of PSWF and its Hilbert signal, the relationship between the cross-terms of PSWF signal and the characteristics of PSWF signal is mainly studied, such as parity feature and the best energy clustering, and the regular of the energy density of cross-terms in time domain, frequency domain, and time-frequency domain is studied.

zh-cn	理论和仿真分析表明，PSWF 信号间交叉项具有良好的对称性、时频能量聚集性。
en-us	Both the mathematical deduction and simulation result show that the time-frequency characteristics of cross-terms have good symmetry and energy clustering.

zh-cn	且交叉项时频分布的局部特征参量，与相互作用的 PSWF 信号阶数、功率谱局部能量密度峰值点个数以及位置密切相关，能够反映信号在时频域的相干程度，为下一步探索研究高效 PSWF 信号时频域检测方法提供参考依据。
en-us	Meanwhile, the time-frequency localization characteristics of Wigner-Ville distribution have close relationship with the order and power spectrum density of PSWF signal, reflecting the degree of coherence between PSWF signals. Furthermore, those characteristics of cross-terms which are found can provide reference basis for the research on efficient time-frequency detection method for PSWF signal.

zh-cn	现有的视频流分类方法体现出内容依赖及特征依赖的局限性，该文引入流量分形理论，并在小波域内，提出一种基于 Hurst 指数的 Fractals 分类模型以改进不足。
en-us	The existing methods about fine classification of video traffic suffer from a couple of serious limitations: content dependency and feature dependency. Then, theory of fractals is introduced in this paper, and in wavelet domain, a classification model named Fractals is presented based on Hurst exponent.

zh-cn	为此，该文首先描述流的分形性质，定义流的 Hurst 指数，推导小波域内 Hurst 指数的估计过程。
en-us	For this purpose, fractal properties of video flows are described, the corresponding Hurst exponent is defined, and the estimated value of Hurst exponent in wavelet domain is derived.

zh-cn	然后，基于代价函数优化分段目标，用聚类差异度方法计算分段 Hurst 指数的总体差异量，再基于最大类间方差阈值进行分析，从而实现视频流的细粒度分类。
en-us	Then, the optimum segments based on cost function is analyzed, the statistical differential level is calculated with the method of clustering, and the classification results are deduced with maximum between-cluster variance threshold.

zh-cn	研究结果表明，该文提出的分类方法，以随机数据的变化特性为内容，突破了内容依赖的局限性，解决了特征制约的瓶颈，提高了视频流的分类效果。
en-us	The result shows that the classification method with Fractals, which takes data variability as the content, makes up for the defect of content dependency and feature dependency, and demonstrates wonderful performance when classifying video flows.

zh-cn	为了解决现有中继激励机制中长期回报存在不确定性，以及即时回报导致资源利用效率降低的问题，该文针对协作下行通信系统提出一种复合中继激励机制(CCRI)。
en-us	In order to overcome the uncertainty of the reward with long-term relay incentive strategy and the degradation of resource utilization efficiency incurred by the short-term incentive scheme, a Cooperative Compound Relay Incentive (CCRI) mechanism is proposed for cooperative downlink communication system.

zh-cn	首先利用链路不平衡产生的瓶颈，将第 1 跳链路超过第 2 跳的数据速率部分作为即时回报，用于中继节点自身数据的传输；
en-us	By exploiting the bottleneck resulted from the imbalance of links' capability, the rate difference that the first hop exceeds the second is provided as an instant reward for the relay node's own data transmission.

zh-cn	同时针对即时回报量不足，过量或瓶颈存在于第 1 跳导致即时回报失效的情况，采用基于比例公平的长期回报作为补充，进一步调整中继节点的调度权重。
en-us	In addition, by taking into account the situations where the short-term reward is insufficient, excessive or the bottleneck exists in the first hop in such a case that the short-term incentive scheme becomes unavailable, a proportional fair based long-term incentive is employed as supplementary, with which the relay node's scheduling weight is further adjusted.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提机制能够给予中继节点合理的回报，并实现系统频谱效率和生存时间，以及中继能量效率的改善。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can provide rational reward to the relay and achieve improvements of system's spectral efficiency and lifetime, as well as relay's energy efficiency.

zh-cn	该文旨在为拓扑动态变化的无线自组织网络设计一种稳定性路由机制。
en-us	A high stability routing mechanism for the dynamic wireless Ad-hoc network is designed.

zh-cn	首先建模分析了动态变化网络中节点间通信路径存在的条件，以及数据包在该路径上可靠传输的条件，基于以上分析提出了保证路径有效的关键指标：链路持续时间、拥塞可能性因子。
en-us	Firstly, the condition of link existing between the dynamic nodes and the condition that packets can successfully transport across the link are analyzed. Based on the above analysis, two key indicators of link duration and congestion probability factor, which guarantee the effectiveness of the link are proposed.

zh-cn	接下来提出基于节点当前运动情况计算链路持续时间，以及基于缓冲区队列长度与队列长度变化率计算节点拥塞可能性因子的算法。
en-us	Secondly, the method to calculate the link duration based on the current movement states of those nodes, and the method to calculate the congestion probability factor based on the queue length of the buffer are put forward.

zh-cn	结合链路持续时间与节点拥塞可能性等信息，该文提出了一种面向路径可靠性及稳定性综合指标的按需路由机制(ODRP-DR)，并利用 NS2 仿真平台对该机制性能进行分析，仿真结果表明，在网络拓扑结构动态变化的情况下能有效减小数据包丢包概率，路由重建次数。
en-us	Then, combining the link duration and the congestion probability factor, an On-Demand Routing Protocol based on link Duration and Reliability (ODRP-DR) is proposed. Finally, simulations are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the routing mechanism in NS2. The results show that the proposed routing mechanism can effectively reduce the probability of packet loss and routing reconstruction.

zh-cn	针对模糊 C 均值聚类算法(FCM)分割图像时对噪声敏感和分割边界不封闭问题，该文基于 FCM 的隶属度矩阵定义伪水平集及演化曲线，提出一个融合曲线演化和 FCM 的快速图像分割模型。
en-us	To solve the problems about noise sensitivity and unclosed segmentation object boundaries in Fuzzy C-means Method (FCM), this paper proposes a fast image segmentation model combined with FCM and curve evolution, based on the pseudo level set formulations and object boundary curves, which are defined on the membership matrixes of FCM.

zh-cn	在伪水平集上，通过采用高斯滤波近似曲线演化过程中的弧长正则项，得到封闭光滑的分割边界；
en-us	To get the smooth and closed segmentation object boundaries, the Gaussian filter is performed on the pseudo level sets to approximate the function of the curve length regularization term.

zh-cn	通过设计新的边缘停止函数，依据灰度值与隶属度映射关系对噪声点灰度值进行修正，降低了滤波对聚类的影响。
en-us	To eliminate the influence of Gaussian filter on the results of FCM, the gray values of the noisy points are corrected, according to a new introduced edge-stop function and the mapping relationship between the gray value and membership degree.

zh-cn	聚类和曲线平滑交替进行，提高了模型对图像噪声的鲁棒性。
en-us	The FCM and the smoothing object boundary stage are performed alternately, which improves the robustness of this model.

zh-cn	实验结果表明该模型能够较好地克服图像噪声对分割的影响，得到较为理想的分割结果。
en-us	The experimental results show that the proposed model can overcome the influence of noise and get better segmentation results.

zh-cn	该文针对稀疏表示应用于单通道盲源分离中存在字典间互干扰的问题，通过在常规联合字典中引入一个新的子字典   “共同子字典”，提出一种新的基于稀疏表示的单通道盲源分离算法。
en-us	The main drawback of sparse representation based Single Channel Blind Source Separation (SCBSS) is the interference between sub-dictionaries. To alleviate this drawback, an extra sub-dictionary, named common sub-dictionary, is proposed to add into traditional union dictionary.

zh-cn	新的字典学习目标函数中单个源的保真度由对应子字典和共同子字典构成，共同子字典的存在可以有效避免某一源信号在其他子字典上寻求成份而带来的互干扰问题。
en-us	The single source is reconstructed by linear combining sparsely activity atoms of its corresponding sub-dictionary and common sub-dictionary. The common sub-dictionary can pure discriminative information in each source's specified sub-dictionary since the common information different sources shared together is gathered in common sub-dictionary.

zh-cn	目标函数的求解通过交替执行稀疏表示、字典更新和比例系数优化 3 个步骤来实现。
en-us	The optimization of objective function involves three steps: sparse representation, dictionary updating and weight coefficients optimization, and the three steps are iteratively performed for a specified number of times or until convergence.

zh-cn	在测试阶段，通过收集单个源所对应子字典和共同子字典上的分量可以估计出混合信号中的单个源信号，从而达到盲源分离的目的。
en-us	In test stage, single source separation is achieved by combining atoms in source corresponding sub-dictionary and common sub-dictionary with the sparse coefficients of single mixed signal over union dictionary.

zh-cn	在语音数据库上进行的对比实验发现，所提算法较传统算法和前沿算法在两个通用评价指标上最高有近 1 dB 的提高。
en-us	Experimental results on speech dataset show that, when compared with traditional and state of art algorithms, the proposed algorithm can improve the performance 1 dB at most.

zh-cn	参考信号的稳健重构是数字波形外辐射源雷达的关键技术之一，其中信道估计的精度直接关系到重构参考信号的纯度。
en-us	The steady reference signal reconstruction is one of the key technologies of passive radar with digital waveform, and the accuracy of channel estimation is directly related to the reference signal purity.

zh-cn	针对数字地面多媒体广播(DTMB)外辐射源雷达在接收系统基带采样率是信号符号速率非整数倍时所面临的参考信号重构质量问题，该文在压缩感知的匹配追踪算法基础上，提出一种改进的信道估计新算法。
en-us	To deal with the problem of reference signal reconstruction for Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcasting (DTMB) based passive radar when the receiving system samples at a non-integer multiples of the symbol rate, an improved channel estimation is proposed on the basis of matching pursuit algorithm which is based on the compression perception.

zh-cn	仿真分析表明，相比于广泛采用的时域相关法和最小二乘(LS)算法，改进后的算法有更好的频率适应性，鲁棒性高，在多种信道环境下表现优越。
en-us	Simulation results show that compared to the widely used time domain correlation algorithm and the Least Squares (LS) algorithm, the improved algorithm has better frequency adaptability and robustness, and performs superiorly in various channel environments.

zh-cn	实测数据进一步验证了采用所提出的信道估计算法可较大提升参考信号的重构质量，从而有利于目标探测。
en-us	Real data processing results further demonstrate that it significantly raises the quality of the reconstructed signal using the proposed algorithm and provides a better condition for the target detection.

zh-cn	为了解决近海岸海冰探测的难题，该文针对岸基平台提出一种利用 GNSS 卫星反射信号进行海冰厚度探测的方法。
en-us	To detect the sea ice in small-scale fixed sea area, a shore-based sea ice detecting method is developed using GNSS reflected signal.

zh-cn	该方法首先计算 GNSS 卫星反射信号和直射信号的强度比，即反射信号相关功率和直射信号相关功率的比值；
en-us	Firstly, the method needs to calculate the intensity ratio of GNSS satellite reflected signal and direct signal, which is the ratio of the reflected signal correlation power and the direct signal correlation power.

zh-cn	然后根据海冰厚度的经验模型得到海冰厚度的信息。
en-us	Then the sea ice thickness is obtained based on the empirical model.

zh-cn	为了验证该方法的有效性，在辽宁鲅鱼圈区进行的实验中对 GNSS 卫星反射信号进行了长期观测，结果表明，GNSS 卫星反射信号反演的海冰厚度值为 10~20 cm，与同比观测值之间具有很好的一致性。
en-us	Preliminary analysis of the GNSS reflected signal collected during the sea ice experiment can obtain sea ice thickness which is 10~20 cm and shows good agreement between the GNSS-R sea ice thickness.

zh-cn	森林区域林下地形及树高的反演是极化干涉雷达的一个重要应用。
en-us	The inversion of topography and tree height in forest area is one of the most important applications in the Polarimetric SAR Interferometry (PolInSAR).

zh-cn	该文首先对极化干涉 SAR 数据的相干区域进行建模及运用最优正规矩阵近似干涉互相关矩阵，得到白化正规干涉互相关矩阵。
en-us	In this paper, the coherent region of the PolInSAR data is modeled and the best normal matrix is used to approximate the cross correlation matrix, further, the whitened interferometric cross-correlation matrix is obtained.

zh-cn	白化正规干涉互相关矩阵的相干区域为一条直线，任意求得两个不同极化状态下的相干系数进行直线拟合，完成地表的估计，再结合体散射去相干与树高之间的关系，运用查表方法完成树高的估计。
en-us	The coherence region of the whitened interferometric cross-correlation matrix is a straight line. Two arbitrary coherences obtained under two different polarization states can be applied to fitting a straight line. Based on the fitting line, the topographical phase can be estimated successfully. Referring to the relationship between the volume scattering and the tree height, look-up table method is used to search the correct tree height.

zh-cn	该方法回避了传统方法中求解所有极化状态下的相干系数估计及相干区域边缘提取的步骤，在简化参数反演提升估计效率的同时获得正确地表与树高估计，最后运用仿真数据完成算法有效性与可靠性的验证。
en-us	The proposed method can avoid the complex steps of the traditional method, which needs to solve all the coherences under different polarization states to obtain the edge of the coherent region. The proposed method simplifies the inversion procedure and improves the efficiency of inversion, meanwhile, achieves the correct topography as well as the tree height. Finally, the simulation data are applied to validating the validity and reliability of the proposed method.

zh-cn	为有效提高强杂波及目标复杂运动特性条件下的雷达动目标探测能力，该文结合时频分布(TFD)类动目标检测和稀疏表示方法的优势，建立了短时稀疏 TFD(ST-STFD)原理框架，提出短时稀疏傅里叶变换(ST-SFT)和短时稀疏分数阶傅里叶变换(ST-SFRFT)雷达动目标检测方法，并应用于海上目标微动特征提取及检测中。
en-us	In order to effectively improve radar detection ability of moving target under the conditions of strong clutter and complex motion characteristics, the principle framework of Short-Time sparse Time-Frequency Distribution (ST-TFD) is established combing the advantages of TFD-based moving target detection and sparse representation. Then, Short-Time Sparse Fourier Transform (ST-SFT) and Short-Time Sparse FRactional Fourier transform (ST-SFRFT)-based radar moving target detection methods are proposed and applied to micro-Doppler signature extraction and detection of marine target.

zh-cn	实测雷达数据验证表明，该方法在时间-稀疏域能够实现时变信号的高分辨低复杂度时频表示，具有运算效率高、时频分辨好、抗杂波等优点，为进一步提升雷达杂波抑制和动目标检测能力提供了新的思路和途径。
en-us	It is verified by real radar data that the proposed methods can achieve high-resolution and low complexity TFD of time-varying signal in time-sparse domain, and has the advantages of high efficiency, good time-frequency resolution, anti-clutter, and so on. It can be expected that the proposed methods can provide a novel solution for radar clutter suppression and moving target detection.

zh-cn	分割运动手部时，为了不依赖不合理的假设和解决手脸遮挡问题，该文提出一种基于肤色、灰度、深度和运动线索的分割方法。
en-us	For moving hand segmentation, in order not to use unreasonable assumptions and to solve the hand-face occlusion, a segmentation method based on skin color, grayscale, depth and motion cues is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，利用灰度与深度光流的方差信息来自适应提取运动感兴趣区域(Motion Region of Interest, MRoI)，以定位人体运动部位。
en-us	Firstly, according to the variance information of grayscale and depth optical flow, Motion Region of Interest (MRoI) is adaptively extracted to locate the moving body part.

zh-cn	然后，在 MRoI 中检测满足肤色与自适应运动约束的角点作为皮肤种子点。
en-us	Then, corners which satisfy skin color and adaptive motion constraints are detected as skin seed points in the MRoI.

zh-cn	接着，根据肤色、深度与运动准则将皮肤种子点生长为候选手部区域。
en-us	Next, skin seed points are grown to obtain candidate hand region utilizing skin color, depth and motion criterions.

zh-cn	最后，通过边缘深度梯度、骨架提取和最优路径搜索从候选手部区域中分割出运动手部区域。
en-us	Finally, edge depth gradient, skeleton extraction and optimal path search are employed to segment moving hand region from candidate hand region.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，在不同情形下，特别是手脸遮挡时，该方法可以有效和准确地分割出运动手部区域。
en-us	Experiment results show that the proposed method can effectively and accurately segment moving hand region under different circumstances, especially when the face is occluded by the hand.

zh-cn	该文研究了共形稀疏阵列在艇载外辐射源雷达中的应用问题，并分析了艇载外辐射源雷达目标探测性能。
en-us	The application of conformal sparse array to airship-borne passive radar is studied, and the target detection performance of airship-borne passive radar is analyzed.

zh-cn	鉴于天线在雷达系统中的重要地位，重点分析了稀疏阵列数字波束形成(DBF)天线的布阵方式及天线方向图指标。
en-us	Because of the importance of antenna in radar system, embattle method of sparse array Digital Beam Forming (DBF) antenna and antenna pattern index are selectively analyzed.

zh-cn	基于组合巴克码实现艇身稀疏阵列共形布设，提出一种曲线阵列到直线阵列的补偿方法，以获得理想的 DBF 天线方向图。
en-us	Layout of airship-borne sparse array is implemented based on the combination of Barker code. In order to obtain ideal DBF antenna pattern, a method of compensating the curve array to the linear array is proposed.

zh-cn	针对曲线阵列可能存在的形变问题，采用分布式位置和姿态测量系统(POS)进行形变误差测量，经曲线拟合后实施精确补偿。
en-us	With respect to the possible deformation problem, the distributed Position and Orientation System (POS) is used to measure the deformation error based on which curve fitting is implemented to conduct accurate compensation.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明所提方法的有效性。
en-us	Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

zh-cn	频谱域光学相干层析技术是一种广泛应用于眼科疾病诊断的成像技术，而视网膜层分割对青光眼的诊断有很好的参考价值。
en-us	Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) imaging technique is widely used in the diagnosis of ophthalmology diseases. The segmentation of retinal layers plays a very important role in the diagnosis of glaucoma.

zh-cn	该文利用随机森林分类器寻找视网膜层间单像素宽的边界，随机森林分类器由 12 个特征训练产生，其中相对灰度特征和邻域特征较好地解决灰度不均匀的分割误差大问题。
en-us	In this paper, a random forest classifier is used which is trained by twelve different features to find the boundaries between layers. What's more, the relative gray feature and the neighbor features are used to solve the problem of large errors under the condition of uneven illumination.

zh-cn	对 10 组带有青光眼病变的视网膜图像进行分割，并与传统算法和 Iowa 软件进行比较，平均边界绝对误差为 9.20±2.57 μm, 11.33±2.99 μm 和 10.27±3.01 μm。
en-us	In the last, the segmentation results of the proposed algorithm, a traditional algorithm and Iowa segmentation software on ten sets of retinal images are compared with manual segmentation, and the average absolute boundary errors are 9.20±2.57 μm, 11.33±2.99 μm, 10.27±3.01 μm, respectively.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，改进算法可以较好地分割视网膜神经纤维层。
en-us	The experiments show that the proposed algorithm can segment the Retinal Never Fiber Layer (RNFL) better.

zh-cn	视觉跟踪中，高效鲁棒的特征表达是解决复杂环境下跟踪漂移问题的关键。
en-us	In visual tracking, the efficient and robust feature representation is the key factor to solve the problem of tracking drift in complex environments.

zh-cn	该文针对深层网络预训练复杂费时及单网络跟踪易漂移的问题，在粒子滤波框架下，提出一种基于自适应深度稀疏网络的在线跟踪算法。
en-us	Therefore, to solve the problems of the complex and time-consuming of the pre-training process of deep neural network and the drift of the single network tracking, an online tracking method based on an adaptive deep sparse network is proposed under the tracking structure of particle filter.

zh-cn	该算法利用 ReLU 激活函数，针对不同类型目标构建了一种具有自适应选择性的深度稀疏网络结构，仅通过有限标签样本的在线训练，就可得到鲁棒的跟踪网络。
en-us	A deep sparse neural network architecture, which can be adaptively selected according to different types of targets, is constructed with the implementation of the Rectifier Linear Unit (ReLU) activation function. The robustness of deep tracking network can be easily achieved only through the online training of limited labeled samples.

zh-cn	实验数据表明：与当前主流的跟踪算法相比，该算法的平均跟踪成功率和精度均为最好，且与同样基于深度学习的 DLT 算法相比分别提高了 20.64%和 17.72%。
en-us	The results of experiments show that, compared with the state-of-the-art tracking algorithm, the average success ratio and precision of the proposed algorithm are both the highest, and they are raised by 20.64% and 17.72% respectively contrasted with the Deep Learning Tracker (DLT) algorithm based on deep learning.

zh-cn	在光照变化、相似背景等复杂环境下，该算法表现出了良好的鲁棒性，能够有效地解决跟踪漂移问题。
en-us	The proposed method can solve the problems of tracking drift efficiently, and shows better robustness, especially for the complex environment such as illumination changes, background clutter and so on.

zh-cn	为了解决高分辨率遥感影像中相同地物目标异质性和空间破碎性增大及不同地物目标的相似性增强所带来的分割新问题，该文提出一种融入空间关系的高斯混合模型(GMM)高分辨遥感影像监督分割方法。
en-us	This paper proposes a supervised image segmentation algorithm for high resolution remote sensing images by introducing the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) with spatial relationship in order to solve the problem of the increasing dissimilarity in the same object and the decreasing of dissimilarity between two different objects.

zh-cn	该方法首先按分割区域进行监督采样，并通过最小二乘法进行直方图拟合，对影像中的每个类别区域建立 GMM 用来精确表征高分辨遥感影像每个分割区域复杂的地物光谱特征；
en-us	The proposed algorithm takes samples according to the segmentation areas and uses the least squared method to fit the histogram. GMMs are established to describe the complex spectral characteristic in each area accurately.

zh-cn	然后在 GMM 的概率测度域融入空间关系，使每个像素的区域所属由该像素邻域窗口内所有像素概率测度共同决定，以刻画高分辨率遥感影像中像素间的空间相关性；
en-us	Then spatial relationships are taken consider into the probability measures in GMMs to make the dissimilarities of pixels in a window is determined by all the pixels in the same window. Overall the GMMs can describe the spatial relationships between the pixels in high resolution remote sensing images.

zh-cn	最后按照最大概率测度原则完成对高分辨率遥感影像的分割。
en-us	Finally the segmentation result is obtained by maximum probability principle.

zh-cn	为了验证文中算法的可行性与有效性分别对合成影像及真实高分辨率遥感影像进行分割实验，并和经典的 FCM 方法及 HMRF-FCM 方法进行对比，定量与定性的结果证明了文中方法能够提高分割精度。
en-us	To verify the feasibility and the effectively of the proposed algorithm, the algorithm is performed on real high resolution remote sensing and synthetic images and compared the results with that of FCM and HMRF-FCM based segmentation algorithm. Qualitative and quantitative results prove that the proposed algorithm could improve the accuracy of segmentation.

zh-cn	FMCW InSAR 系统由于载机平台高度低，气流扰动严重，位置和姿态变化大，且微机电系统惯性测量单元(MEMS IMU)测量精度低，导致系统出现较大的时变基线，严重影响数字高程模型(DEM)精度。
en-us	For airborne dual-antenna FMCW InSAR systems, the time-varying baseline can be considerably high due to its low flight height, atmospheric turbulence, location and attitude errors and low accuracy of MEMS IMU, seriously affecting the DEM accuracy.

zh-cn	针对这一问题，该文提出了一种 FMCW InSAR 系统的时变基线估计方法。
en-us	To deal with this problem, a time-varying baseline estimation method for FMCW InSAR system is proposed.

zh-cn	首先利用双通道单视复图像数据，估计出各个距离门内的时变基线导数，然后建立时变基线的距离向空变模型，利用随机抽样一致性检验的方法对模型进行求解，解得水平和垂直向的时变基线导数值，对其积分得到时变基线值。
en-us	Firstly, the time-varying baseline derivative for each range gate using single look complex image data is established, and the space-variant model in range direction is established. Then the horizontal and vertical time-varying baseline derivative obtained using random sample consistent method is integrated.

zh-cn	最后通过 FMCW InSAR 实际数据对时变基线进行估计，并与高精度位置和姿态测量系统(POS)记录的数据进行对比，验证了所提方法的有效性。
en-us	Finally, the proposed method is implemented on real experimental FMCW InSAR data, the effectiveness of proposed method is validated by comparing estimated results with high accuracy POS information.

zh-cn	Sentinel-1 合成孔径雷达(SAR)卫星具有测绘带宽、重访周期短、分辨率高等优点，为长时间的水域监测提供数据基础。
en-us	Sentinel-1 satellite constellation offers enough Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images for long-term water monitoring, due to its relative large swath, great revisit frequency and high resolution.

zh-cn	2016 年长江中下游地区洪涝灾害严重，鄱阳湖是长江干流的重要调蓄性湖泊之一，基于 SAR 图像的鄱阳湖水域提取及其变化检测具有重要意义。
en-us	The middle and upper reaches of Yangtze River suffers serious flood disaster in 2016. It is significant to detect water and its changes of Poyang Lake, since it is one of the important flood storage lakes along the Yangtze River mainstream.

zh-cn	然而受相干斑噪声的影响，尤其是在鄱阳湖分布较广、地物背景较复杂、弱边缘和模糊边缘较多的情况下，传统的水域分割方法边缘保持性较差、提取精度较低。
en-us	However, the traditional segmentation algorithm has shortage in edge preservation and the accuracy of water detection, especially in the case of Poyang Lake, which is widely distributed and has more complex background, weak edges and blurred edges.

zh-cn	针对上述问题，该文提出一种基于局部窄带的 ACM 边缘提取算法，并将其应用于 Sentinel-1A 获取的鄱阳湖水域时序观测图像中。
en-us	A new Active Contour Model (ACM) algorithm based on local narrowband is proposed to solve these problems, and it is applied to Sentinel-1A observations related to Poyang Lake.

zh-cn	该算法首先采用两级 Otsu 方法获取初始轮廓，随后在初始轮廓附近建立局部窄带，最后在窄带内采用基于区域的ACM 方法进行轮廓线演化来解决弱边缘或模糊边缘问题。
en-us	First, a cascade two-level Otsu approach is adopted to obtain the initial contour. Second, the local narrowband is built along the initial contour to reduce the calculating time. Finally, a region-based ACM is introduced into the local narrowband to stop the contours at weak or blurred edges.

zh-cn	实验结果表明该方法在边缘保持和分割精度上具有明显优势，并且降低了计算时间。
en-us	Experiment results show that the new method has advantages in the edge preservation and obtains better segmentation results with respect to other methods.

zh-cn	利用毫米波线性调频连续波(LFMCW)雷达探测水面时，静止目标的回波以及噪声通常会淹没水面本身的回波信号，导致采用传统成像算法得到的结果中难以看到水面波浪纹理。
en-us	In the application of millimeter-wave Linear Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (LFMCW) radar for water surface detection, the echo of water surface itself is always covered by the echo of stationary targets and noises, leading to the result that water surface texture can hardly be seen in the figures obtained by the conventional imaging algorithm.

zh-cn	针对这一问题，该文提出一种面向水面纹理的毫米波 LFMCW 雷达成像算法，该算法在距离向上采用 Dechirp 技术进行距离压缩，在方位向上进行分块处理。
en-us	To solve this problem, an imaging algorithm of millimeter-wave LFMCW radar for water surface texture is proposed, the Dechirp technique is adopted to complete the range compression in range direction, and the data is divided into blocks to be dealt with separately in azimuth direction.

zh-cn	方位向分块处理过程中，首先根据静止目标与运动目标回波多普勒频率不同的特性，在频域去除静止目标回波的干扰；
en-us	During the processing in azimuth direction, interference from static targets is removed in frequency domain according to the fact that stationary targets and moving targets have different Doppler frequencies;

zh-cn	然后基于水面电磁散射特性，采用最大似然估计方法估计方位向频谱参数，计算水面回波能量。
en-us	then, based on the electromagnetic scattering characteristic of water surface, a maximum likelihood estimation method is used to estimate azimuth spectrum parameters to calculate the energy of water surface echo.

zh-cn	采用该算法对实测数据进行处理，结果显示该算法能够获得水面纹理信息，成像结果优于传统成像算法。
en-us	The proposed algorithm is used to process measured data, and the results show that water surface texture can be obtained, which means that the proposed algorithm is superior to the traditional one.

zh-cn	在非均匀环境下，针对传统样本挑选、样本加权等方法由于数据利用率低导致独立同分布训练样本不足的问题。
en-us	The conventional statistical Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) methods, such as sample selection and sample weighting methods, and so forth, have a very low utilization ratio of sample data, which results in that the problem of training samples lack is more prominent in heterogeneous clutter environment.

zh-cn	该文提出一种在空时 2 维谱平面联合距离维逐空-时频点谱估计与滤波的协方差矩阵估计方法。该方法根据杂波和目标在距离-空时 2 维谱平面的分布特性，逐点频估计待检测单元杂波谱，并采用中值滤波方式消除目标污染对地物杂波谱估计的干扰；
en-us	Thus, in this paper, the space-time spectrum of the clutter Cell Under Test (CUT) is estimated according to the distribution characteristics of the clutter and the moving target in the range and space-time two dimensional spectrum plane. In addition, the median filtering is exploited to avoid the disturbance due to the moving target for the estimation of clutter spectrum.

zh-cn	最后重构无空时孔径损失的杂波协方差矩阵。
en-us	Finally, the reconstruction of clutter covariance matrix without sacrificing space-time aperture and clutter suppression is achieved．

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，相比于传统非均匀统计STAP 方法，所提的距离-空时 2 维谱滤波方法能够在样本数不足时有效缓解目标信号污染、离散地形杂波或孤立干扰引起的 STAP 性能下降问题。
en-us	The results of the simulated experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively alleviate the STAP performance degradation due to the interference target, discrete terrain clutter or isolation interference, compared with the traditional statistical STAP methods.

zh-cn	该文基于绝对值型和指数型势函数，构建了更一般的指数型单稳势函数，深入研究了Levy噪声驱动的指数型单稳系统，并总结出不同特征指数a和不同对称参数b下，指数型系统参数l和，b  Levy噪声强度系数D对指数系统共振输出的作用规律。
en-us	Based on the absolute and exponential monostable potential, a generalized exponential type single-well potential function is constructed. The laws for the resonant output of monostable system governed by l and ,bD of  Levy noise are explored under different characteristic index a and symmetry parameter b of  Levy noise.

zh-cn	研究表明：在不同Levy噪声驱动下，通过调节参数l和b均可诱导随机共振(SR)，且当b(或l)的取值越大时，产生较好随机共振效果l(或b)的区间越大，从而改善传统SR系统由于参数选择不当造成随机共振效果不佳的问题。
en-us	The results show that the stochastic resonance phenomenon can be induced by adjusting the exponential type parameters l and b under anyaor b of Levy noise. The larger b (or l) is, the wider parameter interval of l (or b) can induce SR (Stochastic Resonance). The ESR (Exponential SR) system can solve the problem that the traditional system can not achieve SR due to the improper selection of parameters.

zh-cn	此外，通过调节噪声强度系数D也能产生随机共振，且较好随机共振区间不随a或b变化；
en-us	The interval of Dof Levy noise, which induces good stochastic resonance, does not change withaor b.

zh-cn	最后将指数型单稳系统应用于轴承故障检测，效果明显优于传统双稳系统。
en-us	At last, the proposed exponential type monostable is applicated to detect bearing fault signals, which achieves better performance compared with the traditional bisabled system.

zh-cn	异构签密方案能够为不同安全域之间的数据通信提供机密性和认证性。
en-us	Heterogeneous signcryption scheme can ensure the confidentiality and the authentication for data communication between different security domains.

zh-cn	分析现有的异构签密方案，都是在随机预言模型下可证安全的。
en-us	Some existing heterogeneous signcryption schemes are analyzed to be secure in the random oracle model.

zh-cn	基于此，该文提出一个在标准模型下从基于身份的密码到传统公钥设施的签密方案，利用计算 Diffie-Hellman 问题和判定双线性 Diffie-Hellman 问题的困难性，对该方案的机密性和不可伪造性进行了证明。
en-us	Based on this problem, an Identity-Based Cryptography (IBC) to Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) signcryption scheme is proposed. The proposed scheme has the confidentiality and the unforgeability under the Computational Diffie-Hellman (CDH) problem and the Decisional Bilinear Diffie-HellmanB (DBDH) problem.

zh-cn	通过理论和实验分析，该方案在计算成本和通信成本方面具有更高的效率。
en-us	Through the theoretical and experimental analysis, both the computational costs and the communication overheads of the proposed scheme are more efficient.

zh-cn	空气湍流的变化影响微波的传输。
en-us	The change of the atmospheric turbulence affects the transmission of microwave.

zh-cn	为了研究轨道交通隧道环境下空气湍流对微波传输的影响，该文结合活塞风的运动特性以及大气折射率结构常数的计算方法，建模隧道环境温度、隧道长度、阻塞比、活塞风速等参数对折射率结构常数的影响，构建轨道交通单竖井隧道环境下的空气湍流折射率结构常数模型；
en-us	In order to study the impact of turbulence on the microwave transmission in rail transit tunnel environment, this paper combines the motion characteristics of the piston wind with the calculation method of atmospheric refractive index structure parameter. With investigation into the influences of tunnel environmental temperature, length of tunnel, blockage ratio, and piston wind speed on the atmospheric refractive index structure parameter, an atmospheric refractive index structure parameter model is established in the single-shaft rail transit tunnel environment.

zh-cn	基于实际隧道温度场景，分析了轨道交通隧道环境下折射率结构常数的分布规律，比较了列车经过有单竖井和无单竖井的隧道时，空气湍流折射率结构常数的变化。
en-us	In this paper, the distribution of the atmospheric refractive index structure constant in rail transit tunnel environment is analyzed, and the change of atmospheric turbulence refractive index structure parameter in case of the train through the single-shaft tunnel with that of no single-shaft tunnel is compared based on the actual tunnel temperature scene.

zh-cn	该模型为研究轨道交通隧道环境中电波折射率结构常数提供理论参考。
en-us	The model provides a theoretical reference for the study of radio refractive index structure constant in rail transit tunnel environment.

zh-cn	针对采用非理想干扰消除的全双工中继的多载波安全通信系统，借助安全有效容量引入时延服务质量(Quality-of-Service, QoS)限制，该文提出一种满足统计时延 QoS 要求的功率分配策略。
en-us	For a multicarrier full-duplex-relay secure communication system with imperfect loop-interference cancelations, an optimal power allocation strategy with the statistical delay Quality-of-Service (QoS) guarantees is proposed, by using the delay QoS constraint with the concept of the secure effective capacity.

zh-cn	在对中继干扰功率和总功率进行限制的条件下，考虑统计时延 QoS 要求，以最大化系统的安全有效容量为目标，建立优化问题，研究系统的功率分配策略。
en-us	Considering the statistical delay QoS guarantees and aiming to maximize the secure effective capacity, an optimization problem is formulated with the constraints of powers of both the whole system and the loop-interference of full-duplex relay.

zh-cn	进一步，通过泰勒近似方法，简化原凸优化问题，并基于拉格朗日对偶方法和卡罗需-库恩-塔克 (Karush-Kuhn-Tucker, KKT) 条件，采用子梯度迭代法得到最优解并进行仿真验证。
en-us	Then, in order to study the power allocation strategy, the original optimization problem is simplified by Taylor approximation and the problem is solved based on Lagrangian dual method and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions. Therefore, the optimal solution is obtained by the sub-gradient iterative algorithm and simulation results are presented.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，提出的最优功率分配策略可以获得最大的安全有效容量，同时可以满足时延 QoS 要求。
en-us	The results show that the proposed optimal power allocation strategy can not only get the largest secure effective capacity but also satisfy the upper layer delay QoS requirement.