zh-cn	首先，在特征提取阶段，提取了多级幅度特征和多级密集尺度不变特征变换(Dense-SIFT)特征。
en-us	At First, in the feature extraction step, two kinds of features, i.e., the multi-level amplitude feature and the multi-level Dense Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (Dense-SIFT) feature are extracted.

zh-cn	幅度特征反映了目标反射强度，Dense-SIFT特征描述了目标的结构特征。
en-us	The amplitude feature describes intensity information and the Dense-SIFT feature describes structure information.

zh-cn	而多级特征可以从局部到全局表征目标。
en-us	Furthermore, for each feature, its corresponding multi-level features are extracted to represent target information from local to global.

zh-cn	随后，为了更完整、充分地反映SAR目标信息，借鉴深度森林的思想对多级幅度特征和多级Dense-SIFT特征进行联合利用。
en-us	Then, for reflecting target information more comprehensive and sufficient, the multi-level amplitude feature and the multi-level Dense-SIFT feature are jointly utilized profiting from the idea of deep forest.

zh-cn	一方面通过堆叠的方式不断将多级幅度特征和多级Dense-SIFT特征进行融合，另一方面通过逐层的特征变换挖掘深层信息。
en-us	On the one hand, the cascade structure can fusion multi-level amplitude feature and the multi-level Dense-SIFT feature steadily. On the other hand, the deep feature representation can be mined by layer-by-layer feature transformation.

zh-cn	最后利用得到的深层融合特征对目标进行识别任务。
en-us	Finally, the fusion feature is used to recognize targets.

zh-cn	该文在MSTAR数据集上进行对比实验，实验结果表明所提算法在性能方面取得了提升，且其性能对超参数设置具有一定的鲁棒性。
en-us	Experiments on themoving and stationary target acquisition and recognition data show that the proposed method is an effectivetarget recognition method, and the recognition performance is robust to the hyper-parameters.

zh-cn	针对雷达检测无人机这一难题，该文提出了一种时频检测与极化匹配相结合的双极化雷达无人机检测方法。
en-us	Radar detection of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is a big problem. To address this problem, adetection method with dual polarization radar is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，雷达降低检测门限，各极化通道分别采用常规的时频2维单元平均恒虚警率检测方法，检测出无人机与杂波虚警；
en-us	First, radar reduces the detection threshold to make the UAV be detected by using the traditional two dimensional cell averaging constant false alarm probability detector in two polarization channels respectively.However, some false targets caused by clutter are also detected by radar at the same time.

zh-cn	接着，各极化通道分别针对多帧检测结果进行积累，进行2次检测，剔除部分杂波虚警；
en-us	To eliminate these false targets, the detection results are integrated and the second detection is carried out for the integrated results in two polarization channels respectively.

zh-cn	最后，对两个极化通道双门限检测结果进行匹配，进一步剔除杂波虚警。
en-us	Then, the second detection results in two polarization channels are matched to further eliminate the false targets. Outdoor experiment is carried out.

zh-cn	对两型无人机的外场试验数据处理结果表明：该方法能够有效检测出无人机，消除杂波虚警。
en-us	The processing results for the real data demonstrate that the second types of UAV can be effectively detected and the false targets caused by clutter can be eliminated at the same time with the proposed method.

zh-cn	针对遥感图像场景分类面临的类内差异性大、类间相似性高导致的部分场景出现分类混淆的问题，该文提出了一种基于双重注意力机制的强鉴别性特征表示方法。
en-us	Considering the problem of low classification accuracy caused by large intra-class differences and highinter-class similarity in remote sensing image scene classification, a discriminative feature representation methodbased on dual attention mechanism is proposed.

zh-cn	针对不同通道所代表特征的重要性程度以及不同局部区域的显著性程度不同，在卷积神经网络提取的高层特征基础上，分别设计了一个通道维和空间维注意力模块，
en-us	Due to the difference in the importance of the featurescontained in different channels and the significance of different local regions, the channel-wise and spatial-wiseattention module are designed, based on the high-level features extracted by the Convolutional NeuralNetworks.

zh-cn	利用循环神经网络的上下文信息提取能力，依次学习、输出不同通道和不同局部区域的重要性权重，更加关注图像中的显著性特征和显著性区域，而忽略非显著性特征和区域，以提高特征表示的鉴别能力。
en-us	Relying on the ability to extract contextual information, the Recurrent Neural Network is adopted to learn and output the importance weights of different channels and different local regions, paying more attention to the salient features and salient regions, while ignoring non-salience features and regions, to enhance the discriminative ability of feature representation.

zh-cn	所提双重注意力模块可以与任意卷积神经网络相连，整个网络结构可以端到端训练。
en-us	The proposed dual attention module can be connected to thelast convolutional layer of any convolutional neural network, and the network structure can be trained end-to-end.

zh-cn	通过在两个公开数据集AID和NWPU45上进行大量的对比实验，验证了所提方法的有效性，与现有方法对比，分类准确率取得了明显的提升。
en-us	Comparative experiments are conducted on the two public data sets AID and NWPU45. Compared with theexisting methods, the classification accuracy has been significantly improved, and the effectiveness of theproposed method can be verified.

zh-cn	针对低信噪比下，自适应线谱增强(ALE)算法在低信噪比时性能急剧下降的问题，该文提出2级ALE算法，
en-us	In view of the problem that the performance of the Adaptive Line-spectrum Enhancement (ALE)algorithm drops sharply under low signal-to-noise ratio, a two-level ALE algorithm is proposed.

zh-cn	该算法在普通的ALE算法的基础上，将输出信号和误差信号的傅里叶变换作为第2级ALE的输入，对线谱作进一步增强。
en-us	Based on theordinary ALE algorithm, the Fourier transform of the output signal and the error signal is used as the input ofthe second-level ALE to enhance further the line-spectrum.

zh-cn	并利用噪声抑制门对信号进行降噪预处理，然后结合提出的2级ALE算法，提出一种基于噪声抑制门的2级ALE算法，进一步提高信噪比，增强线谱。
en-us	The noise suppression gate is used to perform noisesuppression preprocessing on the signal, and then combining with the proposed two-level ALE algorithm, analgorithm of two-level ALE based on noise suppression gate is proposed to improve further the signal-to-noiseratio and enhance the line-spectrum.

zh-cn	仿真和海试数据表明，算法性能较普通ALE算法有较大提升。
en-us	Simulation and sea trial data show that the performance of the algorithmis greatly improved compared with the ordinary ALE algorithm.

zh-cn	利用水下自主潜航器(AUV)定位是水下大区域静止目标定位主要方法之一。
en-us	Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) localization is one of the main methods to locate underwater targets in large areas.

zh-cn	针对单AUV定位存在的定位周期长，定位覆盖区域低，长时间定位误差累积大的缺陷，该文提出一种基于正交运动的双AUV的静止目标定位方法。
en-us	Considering the defects of single AUV positioning, such as long positioning period, lowpositioning coverage area and large accumulation of positioning errors for a long time, a cooperative targetlocalization method based on double orthogonal moving AUVs is proposed.

zh-cn	每个AUV通过自身携带的惯性导航系统(INS)和多普勒计程仪进行自身定位，并在多次运动过程中通过与静止目标间的通信时延差测量进行定位。
en-us	Each AUV locates itself through its own Inertial Navigation System (INS) and Doppler log. Localization process is achieved through themeasurement of time difference of arrive between the target and AUV in the course of multiple movements.

zh-cn	该方法需要2个相对航向角呈90°的正交移动AUV通过最少2次与静止目标间通信完成次定位。
en-us	This method requires two orthogonal moving AUVs with a relative heading angle of 90°to achieve one positioning process by communicating at least two times.

zh-cn	相比于传统的单移动传感器定位方法，该算法需要的定位周期更短，对同步要求更低。
en-us	Compared with the traditional single mobile sensor positioning method, the proposed method requires shorter positioning period and lower synchronization requirements.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该方法定位精度有显著提高，同时有效定位区域增大，在长时间定位过程中对AUV位置误差影响更低。
en-us	Experimental results show that the positioning accuracy of this method is significantly improved,while the effective positioning area is enlarged, and the influence on AUV position error is lower in the longtime positioning process.

zh-cn	针对复杂水下环境运动小目标检测中存在的目标信号强度弱、信杂比低等问题，该文提出基于子空间投影的检测前跟踪(TBD)算法：
en-us	The small moving target detection in complex underwater environment is complicated due to the weak target signal strength and low signal-to-clutter ratio. A Track-Before-Detect (TBD) algorithm based on subspace projection is proposed to solve these problems.

zh-cn	对原始图像数据截取序列片段，将3维时空片段中的短时运动航迹投影到2维子空间平面；
en-us	A sequence motion track fragment is extracted fromthe original data, and then projected from the 3D space-time onto the 2D subspace.

zh-cn	利用2维投影图中平面航迹的形态特征进行初步筛选，提取目标的有效运动区域；
en-us	The morphological featuresin 2D subspace are applied to preliminary screening to remove most of the clutters and locate the local motionareas of the target.

zh-cn	将2维平面中的目标短时航迹在局部区域重建3维时序，在3维航迹回溯过程中利用目标运动特征再次筛选目标短时航迹。
en-us	The 3D space-time track is reconstructed from 2D subspace in these local motion areas. During the above 3D track backtracking process, the motion continuity characteristics are also extracted tofurther remove the clutters and select the effective target track fragments.

zh-cn	通过上述分级检测机制，可实现快速高精度的目标短时航迹检测。
en-us	Through the above-mentionedhierarchical processing, a fast and high-precision target track fragment detection algorithm is achieved.

zh-cn	结合前景检测以及基于层次凝聚聚类(HAC)的长时航迹检测算法，构建了针对运动小目标的完整检测前跟踪方法。
en-us	By combing this track fragment detection algorithm with the foreground detection and Hierarchical AgglomerativeClustering (HAC) based long-time track detection algorithms, a complete TBD scheme for small moving targets detection is constructed.

zh-cn	最后使用实测声呐图像数据验证了算法的检测精度和检测速度。
en-us	The accuracy and speed of this detection scheme are verified on the real sonar imagedata.

zh-cn	针对海底长线阵在近场辐射声干扰及空间水平非均匀噪声下的远距离估计目标波达方向 (DoA)问题，该文提出一种基于长线阵分子阵近场零陷权的联合目标方位估计方法。
en-us	As for long-range target Direction of Arrival (DoA) estimation with benthonic long linear arraysunder near-field acoustic interference and space non-stationary noise, a novel joint DoA estimation of subarraysalgorithm is proposed, which is based on near-field nulling weight.

zh-cn	该方法将长线阵分解为多个高重叠子阵，对各个子阵利用零陷抑制技术去除近场强干扰对目标探测的影响，
en-us	The long linear array is divided into severalhigh overlap subarrays. The near-field nulling weight is calculated for subarrays to eliminate the effect of thenear-field interference on target detection.

zh-cn	再利用各子阵对远距离目标方位估计结果差异性小、非目标所在频率即噪声对应空间谱最大值随机的特点，空间频率方差加权综合各子阵的目标方位估计结果，从而抑制空间非均匀噪声，实现对远距离目标的探测。
en-us	The spatial frequency variance weighted joint DoA method ispresented based on the little discrepancy of the subarrays’ DoA estimates to repress the space nonuniform noiseand detect the target in a long distance. The maximum value of spatial spectrum is random in the frequencieswithout the target because of the space non-stationary noise.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，与长线阵常规波束形成、长线阵近场零陷常规波束形成、长线阵近场零陷传统多重信号分类方法相比，该文方法能够有效降低空间谱背景级60 dB以上，输出信噪比提高15 dB以上，具有较强的提高信噪比能力及较高的空间分辨力，因此具有较好的工程应用价值。
en-us	The simulation results show that compared withlong-linear-array conventional beamforming, long-linear-array conventional beamforming based on near-fieldnulling weight and long-linear-array multiple signal classification based on near-field nulling weight method,this proposed technique can effectively reduce the background level of spatial spectrum (over 60 dB), improvesignal to noise ratio (above 15 dB) and has high spatial resolution, with better engineering application value.

zh-cn	为提高浅海复杂海洋环境下的目标回波时延估计精度，增强主动声呐系统对目标的探测能力，该文基于稀疏表示理论和解卷积思想，提出一种高分辨目标回波时延估计技术。
en-us	In view of enhancing the time delay estimation resolution for the target echo in a complex shallow-water environment, thus improving the target detection ability of the active sonar system. A high-resolutiontime delay estimation technique is proposed to detect the underwater target based on sparse representationtheory and deconvolution framework.

zh-cn	首先，引入Toeplitz算子，将发射信号的不同时延结果构造成时延字典矩阵，时延估计值存在于所求解的稀疏向量中。
en-us	Firstly, the Toeplitz operator is introduced here to construct a dictionarymatrix using the various time delayed replicing of the transmitting signal. The estimated time-delay value canbe found in the desired sparse vector solution.

zh-cn	其次，利用交替方向乘子算法(ADMM)优化框架，求解全局最优解。
en-us	Secondly, the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers(ADMM) is implemented to calculate the optimal solution globally.

zh-cn	最后，采用一种加权迭代策略设置正则化参数，进一步抑制多途信道的影响，解耦合出回波到达的时刻，获得高精度的目标回波时延估计结果。
en-us	Thirdly, the reweighted iteration approach is explored to control the regularization parameter, thus suppressing the impact of the multipath channel. The arrival time of the echo can be decoupled to obtain a high-resolution time delay result.

zh-cn	数值仿真和实验数据表明，该文提出的解卷积主动声呐目标回波高分辨时延估计技术可以在多途扩展严重的浅海声信道实现目标探测，在信道水池的实验环境下，时延估计分辨率可达0.056 ms。
en-us	The simulated andexperimental data verify that the proposed deconvolution-based time delay estimation technique can be used todetect the underwater target in shallow-water acoustic multipath channels. The resolution of the estimatedtime-delay result can achieve 0.056 ms.

zh-cn	微波光子雷达发射大带宽跨谱段的信号，为目标的精细电磁特性描述和准确识别提供基础的同时，也亟需与之相应的大带宽大转角情况下的电磁模型参数提取方法。
en-us	Microwave photonics radar generates cross-band signals with large bandwidth, providing a basis for precise electromagnetic characteristics description and accurate identification of targets. Meanwhile, a corresponding electromagnetic model parameter extraction method is urgently required in the case of large-bandwidth and wide-angle.

zh-cn	相比窄带条件，跨谱段信号数据量大，所含物理量信息维度高且复杂，大转角情况下距离和方位向耦合。
en-us	For the same scene, the amount of return signals will increase considerably in cross-band condition comparing with narrow-bandwidth condition. Furthermore, the signals under cross-band condition may exhibit complex range-azimuth coupling. Under such a condition, it is of difficulty to estimate high dimensional physical parameters of scattering centers in the scene from return signals.

zh-cn	该文提出跨谱段SAR散射中心多维参数解耦和估计方法，首先结合极坐标格式算法(PFA)和属性散射中心模型构造2维解耦波数域散射中心模型，
en-us	To solve this problem, a multi-parameter estimation of cross-band SAR scattering centers method is proposed. The PolarFormat Algorithm (PFA) and the attributed scattering center model are combined to construct a two-dimensional decoupled wavenumber domain model. With this scattering model, the estimation procedure istransformed into an optimization problem with multiple variables.

zh-cn	再结合坐标下降法(CDA)将复杂的高维耦合参数估计方法简化为循环迭代的1维参数估计方法，有效降低字典维度和估计复杂度，并引入Hooke-Jeeves算法提高估计精度。
en-us	This complex multi-variable optimization problem is divided into a set of single variable optimization problems by using the Coordinate DescentAlgorithm (CDA). The separation effectively reduces dictionary dimensions and estimation complexity.Moreover, the Hooke-Jeeves algorithm is introduced to enhance estimation accuracy in each single variableoptimization problem.

zh-cn	最后根据各个散射中心的参数估计结果对它们的结构和位置进行识别，对仿真数据的处理实验验证了该文方法的有效性。
en-us	Consequently, the proposed estimator for scattering parameters is not only efficient, butalso accurate. The structure and location of each scattering center can be identified according to the parameterestimation results. Simulation results confirm the validity of the proposed method.

zh-cn	在复杂的浅海环境中，水声信道具有强烈的空变和时变特性，致使水声通信系统的鲁棒性很难得到保证。
en-us	Water acoustic channel is severely affected by time-space variation, which destroys the robustness of underwater acoustic communication system.

zh-cn	该文不同于依赖复杂信道编码和信道均衡手段的传统水声通信算法，将流形学习思想应用于高维海洋环境参数空间刻画及信号空间映射中，为水下数据传输提出创新方案。
en-us	By introducing manifold learning in the analysis ofhigh dimensional underwater environment and channel equalization processing, a novel underwater acousticcommunication algorithm is presented.

zh-cn	从声场角度出发，结合浅海实验数据，分析通信信号时空起伏特性，研究环境参数空间和声场信号空间的内在关系，提出了基于非线性流形学习算法增加合理的物理约束，结合信道稀疏特性，对于高维非线性水声信号系统的冗余维度信息进行维数约简，映射到稳定的低维目标空间，降低信道时空起伏对通信系统的影响。
en-us	By establishing the mapping between environment parameter space andsignal space, several physical restrictions can be posed on non-linear manifold learning algorithm. Moreover, the sparse property can reduce the dimension of underwater acoustic channel in order to exclude high dimensional non-linear noise from channel time-space variation.

zh-cn	仿真和实验结果验证了算法的可靠性和有效性。
en-us	Both sound field analysis and shallow water experimentaldata verify the validity and the robustness of the proposed algorithm.

zh-cn	针对组网雷达系统多目标跟踪场景，该文提出一种面向射频(RF)隐身的组网雷达射频辐射资源优化分配算法。
en-us	In the scenario of multi-target tracking by a radar network system, a Radio Frequency (RF) stealth-based optimal RF resource allocation algorithm in radar network is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，采用目标跟踪误差的贝叶斯克拉美-罗下界(BCRLB)作为目标跟踪性能指标。
en-us	Firstly, the Bayesian Cramer-RaoLower Bound (BCRLB) of target tracking error is used as the target tracking performance index.

zh-cn	其次，以各雷达照射目标的驻留时间资源和辐射功率资源加权和为优化目标，以BCRLB不大于给定目标跟踪精度阈值及系统射频辐射资源作为约束条件，建立了包含雷达节点分配方式、驻留时间和辐射功率3个优化变量的优化模型。
en-us	Secondly, theoptimization model is established which includes three optimization variables: radar node selection, dwell timeand radiation power. In this model, the objective function is the weighted sum of the dwell time resources and radiation power resources of each radar, the constraint condition can be conclude that the BCRLB must be less than the given threshold and the system RF radiation resources must be between the upper and lower limits.

zh-cn	然后，采用两步分解法对上述优化模型进行了求解，即先固定雷达节点选择，利用内点法对简化后的非凸非线性优化模型进行求解，之后再通过匈牙利算法确定最佳雷达节点分配方式。
en-us	Then, the two-step decomposition method is used to solve the above optimization model. The radar nodeselection is fixed first, then the interior point method is used to solve the simplified non-convex nonlinearoptimization model, and then the Hungarian algorithm is used to determine the best radar node selection mode.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，相较于辐射资源均匀分配算法，所提算法可以有效降低组网雷达的射频资源消耗，提升系统射频隐身性能。
en-us	The simulation results show that compared with uniform resource allocation algorithm, the proposed algorithmcan effectively reduce the RF resource consumption of the radar network and improve the RF stealthperformance of the system.

zh-cn	该文提出了一种基于运动补偿的前视扫描声呐成像方法：采用后向映射，将扇形成像区域的直角坐标系转换成极坐标系，在极坐标系进行2维插值，提取幅度并转成图像格式。
en-us	Imaging method based on motion compensation for forward-looking scanning sonar is proposed. Byusing backward mapping, sector imaging region in the Cartesian coordinate system is converted into polarcoordinates. Then two-dimension interpolation is employed in polar coordinates, and the amplitude is extractedand converted into image format.

zh-cn	通过建立载体运动模型，分析载体运动，将载体运动影响转换为图像域移动，对前视声呐图像进行实时运动补偿，消除径向误差。
en-us	The vehicle motion model is established and analyzed, and vehicle motion istransformed into image domain motion. Real-time motion compensation for forward-looking sonar image ismade eliminate radial errors.

zh-cn	分析了“深海勇士”号前视声呐数据，其单幅图像最大径向误差近似达到工作距离的19%。
en-us	The forward-looking sonar data of the “Deep Sea Warrior” is analyzed. Themaximum radial error of the single image is approximately 19% of the range.

zh-cn	通过仿真和实验验证所提算法补偿了由载体运动造成的图像的径向误差，能准确表示目标信息。
en-us	The simulation and experimentalresults show that this algorithm compensates the radial error of the image caused by the motion, which canrepresent the target information accurately.

zh-cn	为更好地认识和利用浅海波导中的声场，该文对浅海中声源激发的波场成分及特性进行了研究。
en-us	To better understand and utilize the acoustic field in shallow sea, a theoretical method that can give the full-wave solution is proposed,

zh-cn	提出了能给出浅海中声场全波解的理论研究方法，给出了声场的复积分表达式，并在复平面上利用围道积分对声场复积分式进行求解，得出了浅海中声源激发出的声场组成部分；
en-us	then the complex integral expression of the acoustic field is given. The complex integral fraction is solved in the complex plane, and the components of the acoustic field in shallow sea are obtained.

zh-cn	同时应用高阶交错网格有限差分法对浅海中声场进行数值模拟，呈现出了不同海水深度、声源频率和声源深度下浅海波导中的波场结构和空间能量分布。
en-us	The high-order staggered grid finite difference method is also used to numerically simulate theacoustic field in shallow sea, showing the wave field structure and spatial energy distribution.

zh-cn	研究表明：浅海中声场由离散谱部分和连续谱部分组成；其中离散谱部分包括各阶简正波和Scholte波，连续谱部分包括侧面波；
en-us	Results show that the acoustic field in shallow sea includes discrete spectrum and continuous spectrum; The discrete spectrum includes normal waves and Scholte wave, and the continuous wave includes lateral waves;

zh-cn	简正波和Scholte波的振幅与水平传播距离的开方成反比，而侧面波的振幅与水平传播距离的平方成反比；
en-us	The amplitudes of normal waves and Scholte wave are inversely proportional to the root of horizontal propagation distance, and the amplitude of lateral wave is inversely proportional to the power of horizontal propagation distance;

zh-cn	海水越浅、声源频率越小、声源深度越大，都会导致海水中的能量越少，越有利于Scholte波的激发，此时声源辐射的能量主要以Scholte波的形式传播出去，能量更多地集中在海底界面处。
en-us	The shallower the sea water, the lower the frequency and the greater the depth of the sound source, the less energy in the sea water will be. The energy radiated by the acoustic source is mainly propagated in the form of Scholtewave, and the energy is mostly concentrated at the seabed interface.

zh-cn	水声定位系统是现代深海作业必备的高精度水下定位装备，精确的时延估计是实现高精度水声定位的基础，但由于信号远距离传输以及强干扰的影响，水声定位系统时延估计精度较低。
en-us	The underwater positioning system is the essential and necessary equipment for modern deep-sea operations. Accurate time delay estimation is the basis for achieving high-precision localization. However, the performance of time delay estimation will decrease due to the long-distance transmission and strong clutter.

zh-cn	针对此问题该文提出一种基于子空间理论的宽带强干扰抑制方法，
en-us	To solve this problem, a novel interference suppression method based on the subspace theory is proposed.

zh-cn	首先通过贝叶斯信息量准则估计子空间维度，然后推导了不同信号假设下的概率密度函数，求解未知参数的最大似然估计，构造广义似然比并通过最优匹配广义似然比检测法估计与期望信号最匹配的子空间，
en-us	The dimension of the subspace is estimated using Bayesian information criterion at first, and the probability density function under different assumptions are then derived by estimating the unknown parameters to construct the generalized likelihood ratio. Finally, the most suitable subspace may be estimated using the optimal matchinggeneralized likelihood ratio detection method.

zh-cn	然后以此构造空间投影算子对接收数据进行线性投影，最终抑制干扰和噪声，提高时延估计精度。
en-us	The projection operator is constructed to linearly project the received data, suppressing the interference and noise as a result of improving the accuracy of time delay estimation.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明该方法能够有效抑制干扰和噪声的影响，提高定位系统时延估计精度。
en-us	The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively suppress the influence of theclutter and improve the estimation accuracy of the time-delay.

zh-cn	单载波频域均衡(SC-FDE)是水声通信中实现高数据率传输的重要技术之一，但传输序列中周期性插入的循环前缀或保护间隔等前后缀降低了频带利用率和通信速率。
en-us	Single-Carrier Frequency-Domain Equalization (SC-FDE) is one of the key techniques to achieve highdata-rate transmissions in underwater acoustic communications. However, the periodically inserted prefixes orsuffixes, in forms of cyclic-prefixes or guard intervals in transmission sequence, reduce the bandwidth efficiencyand data rate.

zh-cn	该文在时间反转(TR)处理的基础上提出一种新型无前后缀的水声单载波频域均衡技术，即发射机传输无前后缀的单载波信号，接收机对各个数据块的后缀进行重构并利用频域均衡技术消除符号间干扰。
en-us	A SC-FDE technique without prefix or suffix is proposed based on the Time Reversal (TR) forunderwater acoustic communications. At the transmitter side, the single-carrier signal without prefix or suffix istransmitted. At the receiver side, the suffix is reconstructed in each block before canceling the intersymbolinterference with FDE.

zh-cn	重构数据块后缀作为接收机的核心部分，主要包括3个步骤：TR处理、干扰消除和后缀重构。
en-us	The suffix reconstruction, which is the core of receiver, contains three main procedures:the TR processing, interference cancelation, and suffix reconstruction.

zh-cn	首先，TR处理将来自接收阵元的多通道信号融合为单通道信号，并且其等效信道冲激响应(即q函数)的稳定主峰避免了后缀重构中的噪声放大。
en-us	First, the TR processing convertsreceptions from an array of receiving elements into a single composite signal. The equivalent impulse response(namely the q-function) has a stable peak, which avoids the noise amplification.

zh-cn	然后，通过干扰消除，去除来自前一数据块的块间干扰(IBI)和来自当前数据块的反因果干扰(ACI)。
en-us	Next, the interferencecancelation is conducted to remove the InterBlock Interference (IBI) from the previous block and the ACausalInterference (ACI) from the current block.

zh-cn	最后，根据q函数主峰及其右侧的因果部分计算信号的各个路径分量，实现数据块的后缀重构。
en-us	Afterward, suffix reconstruction is achieved by calculating themultipath arrivals of each symbol, which are obtained from the causal part of the q-function.

zh-cn	实验结果验证了这一技术的有效性，并且性能优于现有无前后缀的单载波频域均衡技术。
en-us	Experimental results validate the effectiveness of this technique and its superiority over the SC-FDE technique without prefixor suffix in the current literature.

zh-cn	针对载体弯曲效应对机载共形阵列雷达方向图和杂波特性的影响，该文在正侧视条件下评估均匀圆环阵方向图性能，分析不同位置阵元对弯曲阵面方向图合成效率的影响，
en-us	To demonstrate the performance of beam-pattern and clutter distribution for airborne conformalradar due to the bending effect of carrier, the half-uniform circular array and fan-shaped array with the sameradius are compared in the array synthesis characteristic, in the case of vertical side-looking.

zh-cn	发现边缘阵子不仅对共形阵列方向图主瓣增益贡献较小，反而更易引起旁瓣抬升等挑战，降低共形阵的孔径利用效率。
en-us	It is found that the edge elements have little contribution on the main-beam gain, alternatively, but enhances the side-lobe level so obvious that the combination property of the radar and aperture efficiency suffers degradation.

zh-cn	另一方面，通过严格的理论推导完成共形阵列雷达方向图特性与杂波扩展效应内在物理联系的分析，发现弯曲阵面引起的方向图非理想畸变是共形阵杂波非均匀扩展的核心影响因素。
en-us	Simultaneously, the inherent relation between the beam-pattern and the clutter spread is proved that the beam distortion resulting from the curved surface is the core factor on the clutter distribution inhomogeneity, through strict theoretical reduction.

zh-cn	在此基础上，进一步分析共形雷达单个贴片微带阵元加工和安装结构组件将增大阵元物理尺寸，使得共形阵列雷达相邻阵元间距大于半波长，当阵元间隔增大到一定程度时，在方向图远区会形成较高的栅瓣，进一步影响机载共形阵列雷达的杂波分布，
en-us	On the basis of the previous discussion, the additional structure of manufacture and installation, which would increase the physical dimension, is considered to enlarge the space between the adjacent radiators. In particular, the grating-lobe has appeared on the far-field pattern and made further efforts on the clutter distribution for Conformal Array Radar (CAR), in the condition of the reasonable element interval.

zh-cn	通过仿真分析发现在特定的脉冲重复频率(PRF)条件下，“栅瓣杂波”折叠进入主瓣杂波，该文提出通过优化雷达PRF设计，避免栅瓣杂波的折叠效应对机载共形阵列雷达信号处理性能的影响，相关仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。
en-us	One to be noted is that the grating-lobe clutter is folded to the main-lobe clutter region under the specific Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF). To avoid the fold over of clutter, the PRF of CAR can be optimized and the related simulation is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

zh-cn	经典的逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)稀疏成像算法一般通过求解范数约束的最小化问题获取稀疏恢复结果，
en-us	The classical sparse recovery of Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) imagery obtains the ISARimage by solving the constrained problem of  norm regularization.

zh-cn	但此类算法在恢复过程中很容易将某些散射强度较低的分辨单元当作背景噪声一并消除，从而导致目标部分弱散射结构特征丢失。
en-us	However, this manner may remove thescattering points in low amplitude, and accordingly, lose the structural features in weak scattering.

zh-cn	针对这一问题，该文提出一种基于稳健型双层叠组LASSO回归模型的交替方向多乘子算法(RTGL-ADMM)。
en-us	To this end,a novel and Robust Two-tier Group LASSO-Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (RTGL-ADMM) isproposed in this paper, which is capable of enhancing block sparsity structures of the targets-of-interests.

zh-cn	该算法在ISAR目标稀疏先验的基础上，进一步引入目标散射体空间连续性结构特征先验知识，并应用混合范数进行定量表征。
en-us	Based on the sparse prior of the target, the proposed algorithm further introduces the prior knowledge of spatial continuity structure of the target’s scatters, and the  mixed norm is accordingly used to formulate the prior.

zh-cn	接下来，在ADMM框架下引入非平滑的混合范数惩罚项，并将距离向和方位向雷达回波复数据分别进行分组处理后再使其双层叠加，
en-us	Next, the non-smooth  mixed norm penalty term is presented under the ADMM framework, wherethe scatters in both range and azimuthal directions are grouped and overlapped to enhance the block sparsityouter the groups.

zh-cn	然后对混合范数对应的邻近算子进行对偶迭代运算，实现“分解-协同”框架下结构与组稀疏特征的有机调和，从而在对ISAR数据稀疏成像的同时实现结构特征增强。
en-us	According to the theory of ADMM, the proximal mapping of the  mixed norm is solvedand dually iterated to achieve a robust and efficient solution. The proposed algorithm proceeds in the"Decomposition-Coordination" manner, which guarantees superior convergence. In this way, the sparse imagingof ISAR data is combined with the enhancement of structural features.

zh-cn	实验验证采用ISAR仿真复数据与Yak-42实测数据，针对RTGL-ADMM成像进行定性分析。
en-us	The experiment verifies the adoption ofISAR simulation complex data and YAK-42 measured data, and conducts qualitative analysis against RTGL-ADMM.

zh-cn	继而采用相变曲线图定量分析RTGL-ADMM在不同参数调节下的成像能力，从而验证了该文所提算法应用于ISAR高分辨成像时的稳健性与优越性。
en-us	Then the phase transition curve is used to analyze quantitatively the imaging capability of RTGL-ADMM under different parameters, thus verifying the robustness and superiority of the proposed algorithm inthe application of ISAR high-resolution imaging.

zh-cn	针对低轨(LEO)双星到达时间差(TDOA)定位系统中雷达信号的定位模糊问题，该文分析了高重频信号的模糊特性，演示了虚假定位点的产生过程，提出一种基于时差序列变化趋势匹配(VTMT)的定位模糊消除算法。
en-us	In order to mitigate the location ambiguity of radar signal in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) dual-satelliteTime Difference Of Arrival (TDOA) location system, the ambiguous characteristics of high PRF signal areanalyzed, the process of ghost location generating by ambiguous TDOA is introduced, and a method forlocation ambiguity mitigation by Variation Trendline Matching of TDOA (VTMT) is proposed.

zh-cn	在测量时差序列与定位结果对应的理论时差序列之间的残差近似服从正态分布的条件下，通过两个序列的欧式距离作为相似程度衡量依据，筛选出测量时差线与理论时差线最为接近的定位点作为目标辐射源真实位置。
en-us	If the conditionthat the residuals between the measured TDOA series and the theoretical TDOA series corresponding to thepositioning results approximately obey normal distribution is satisfied, the location where the measured TDOAline is closest to the theoretical TDOA line can be selected as the real position of radar emitter with theEuclidean distance being used to measure the similarity between the two series.

zh-cn	校验台测试信号验证了该算法的有效性。
en-us	Test signal of calibrationstation validates the effectiveness of the proposed method.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该算法能够显著提高无模糊定位概率，对长基线时差定位系统中雷达信号的定位具有较高的应用价值。
en-us	Numerical simulations demonstrate that theproposed method can increase the probability of unambiguous location significantly, reduce the requirements ofTDOA measurement accuracy and observation time. The proposed method has good prospect for applicationsto TDOA location of radar signal in long base line location systems.

zh-cn	水声正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中，采用传统正交匹配追踪(OMP)方法估计离网格(off-grid)时延时，需要很高的过采样因子和高昂的计算开销。
en-us	Traditional Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) method needs high oversampling factor andcomputational overhead to estimate off-grid path delays in underwater acoustic Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiplexing (OFDM) systems.

zh-cn	针对传统OMP方法估计离网格时延计算复杂度高的问题，该文借鉴多元线性拟合思想引入路径补偿的概念，提出了一种基于路径补偿的改进OMP时延估计算法，用以补偿从离网格路径向其周围网格位置泄漏的能量，并用补偿距离这一参数来解释路径补偿效果。
en-us	In this paper, the idea of path compensation is introduced from multiple linearfitting theory, and an improved OMP path delay estimation method based on path compensation is proposed to reduce the energy leaking from off-grid paths to its surrounding grids. The compensation distance is used toevaluate compensation effect.

zh-cn	该算法无需增加过采样因子，仅利用恰当的补偿距离即可实现较好的估计效果，且能在提高估计性能的同时降低计算复杂度。
en-us	The improved algorithm can improve the estimation performance by appropriate compensation distance without increasing the oversampling factor. Compared with the traditional OMP method, the proposed algorithm has lower computational complexity but better estimation performance.

zh-cn	仿真分析与海试结果验证了该方法的优越性。
en-us	The results of simulations and sea trial data decoding show the superiority of the proposed method.

zh-cn	时延估计(TDE)是水声领域的重要研究课题，基于时延估计的水声目标被动测向、被动定位技术是水声目标无源定位的重要分支。
en-us	Time Delay Estimation(TDE) is an important research subject in underwater acoustic field. Passivedirection-finding and passive location based on TDE are important brunches in passive location of underwateracoustic target.

zh-cn	目前，较为常用的时延估计方法有基本互相关法(NCC)、广义互相关法(GCC)、自适应时延估计(LMS)等。
en-us	At present, the common TDE methods include Normalized Cross Correlation(NCC) method,Generalized Cross Correlation(GCC) method and Least Mean Square(LMS) method.

zh-cn	不同于以上方法的思路，该文利用两路信号的互谱相位(CSP)设计了一种时延估计的新方法，
en-us	Different from the above methods, a new method of TDE is designed by using Cross-power Spectrum Phase(CSP) in this paper.

zh-cn	该方法将互谱相位进行傅里叶变换，利用其变换域估算相位斜率以求取时延，能够实现多目标分辨、消除时延估计模糊与背景起伏。
en-us	This method performs Fourier transform of CSP and uses the transform domain to estimate the CSP slope to get thetime delay. This method can realize multi-target resolution and eliminate the ambiguity and backgroundfluctuation.

zh-cn	仿真实验证明，该方法效果要优于基本互相关，广义互相关等方法。
en-us	Simulation results show that this proposed method is better than NCC and GCC.

zh-cn	针对双极化气象雷达中非气象回波的滤除问题，该文提出一种基于谱极化参数(SPP)的杂波滤波方法。
en-us	For removing non-weather echoes from the data of dual-polarization weather radar, a clutter filteringmethod based on Spectral Polarimetric Parameters (SPP) is presented in this paper.

zh-cn	不同于传统时域或频域的杂波抑制方法，该方法根据气象和杂波在距离-多普勒(RD)域内的特征不同进行前者的保留和后者的抑制。
en-us	Unlike the traditionaltime- or frequency-domain clutter suppression methods, this method retains the weather echoes and mitigatesclutter according to their differences in the Range Doppler (RD) domain.

zh-cn	首先利用频谱极化特征构造SPP，结合形态学方法，在RD域内生成一个2元掩模。
en-us	Firstly, the SPPs are defined byexploiting the polarimetric features in the RD domain. With the help of the morphological method, the binarymasks are generated.

zh-cn	基于面向对象的思想，将2元掩模标记为气象对象掩模和杂波对象掩模。
en-us	Then, with the object-oriented idea, the binary masks are labeled as weather-object masksor clutter-object ones.

zh-cn	然后引入谱宽作为额外的参数，筛选出所有气象对象掩模，将其进行叠加可以获取完整的气象信息，最终生成SPP杂波滤波器。
en-us	The spectral width is introduced as an additional parameter to select weather-objectmasks, all of which are added up to form the clutter suppression filter and hence the complete weatherinformation can be remained.

zh-cn	实测X波段和C波段气象雷达数据验证了所提方法的有效性。
en-us	The X- and C-band polarized weather radar data are used to demonstrate theeffectiveness of the proposed method.

zh-cn	与移动双重谱线性退极化比(MDsLDR)滤波器和基于时域的门限因子杂波抑制方法相比，SPP滤波器在保留弱气象信息方面效果更好。
en-us	As compared with Moving Double spectral Linear DepolarizationRatio(MDsLDR) filter and the time-domain clutter suppression method using threshold factor, the proposedSPP clutter suppression filter is more effective in retaining relatively weak weather information.

zh-cn	此外，该方法计算复杂度低，可以实时应用于同时发射同时接收(STSR)和交替发射同时接收(ATSR)双极化气象雷达。
en-us	Moreover, theSPP filter has low computational complexity and can be applied to real time for dual-polarization weatherradars working in either Simultaneous Transmission and Simultaneous Reception (STSR) mode or AlternateTransmission and Simultaneous Reception(ATSR) mode.

zh-cn	常规宽带能量检测在多目标、强干扰环境下输出信噪比(SNR)降低，检测性能大幅度下降。
en-us	The output Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR) of conventional broadband energy detection is reduced in multi-target and strong interference environment, and the detection performance is great reduced.

zh-cn	针对此问题，该文提出一种将子阵导向最小方差(STMV)宽带空域自适应波束形成与频域Eckart滤波结合的空-频联合最优滤波宽带检测方法。
en-us	In order to solve the problem, a broadband detection method based on space-frequency joint optimal filtering which combines subarray STeered Minimum Variance(STMV) broadband adaptive beam forming with Eckart filtering is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法首先通过子阵导向最小方差波束形成进行空间自适应处理，利用自适应波束形成的干扰抑制能力在空域实现最优滤波；
en-us	Firstly, the spatial adaptive processing is carried out by subarray STMV beamforming, and theoptimal filtering is realized in spatial domain by using the interference suppression ability of adaptivebeamforming.

zh-cn	然后通过最大似然估计实时估计信号和噪声的功率谱，构造Eckart滤波对自适应波束形成的输出分配不同权重进行加权滤波，从而实现频域信噪比最大化。
en-us	Then, the power spectrum of signal and noise is estimated by maximum likelihood estimation,and Eckart filter is constructed to assign different weights to the output of adaptive beamforming to maximizethe output SNR in frequency domain.

zh-cn	所提方法通过空-频联合最优滤波，降低空域旁瓣干扰和频带内噪声的影响，使得输出信噪比最大，从而有效地改善目标宽带检测能力，提高被动声呐的宽带检测性能。
en-us	The influence of spatial sidelobe interference and noise in the frequencyband are reduced to make the output SNR maximum by the proposed method. The broadband detection abilityof the target can be effectively improved and the broadband detection performance of passive sonar isalso improved.

zh-cn	仿真和试验数据处理结果验证了该方法的有效性。
en-us	The simulation and experimental data processing results verifiy the effectiveness of themethod.

zh-cn	监测空间非合作目标的运动状态是空间监视的主要内容之一，也是进一步执行在轨操作的前提。
en-us	One of the main purposes for space surveillance is to supervise the movement status of non-cooperative space targets, which is also the prerequisite for further on-orbit operations.

zh-cn	失效卫星和空间碎片等有自身旋转运动，实施维修和抓捕的关键是准确获知目标转动矢量，包括转速和转轴方向。
en-us	Because of the rotation of disabled satellites and space debris, it is necessary to accurately obtain the rotation vector, including the rotation speed and the direction of the rotation axis.

zh-cn	该文提出了一种空间非合作目标转动矢量估计方法，同时完成目标3维成像。
en-us	This paper proposes a novel estimation method to obtainthe rotation vector of space targets, which can be simultaneously used to form the Three-Dimensional (3D)image.

zh-cn	首先利用干涉逆合成孔径雷达(InISAR)成像技术获得目标散射点的3维位置坐标以及有效转动矢量估计，然后利用微多普勒特征提取估计目标的总转速，继而通过联合有效转动矢量和总转速估计沿雷达视线方向上速度矢量未知的分量，求得目标的总转动矢量。
en-us	Firstly, the three-dimensional position coordinates and the effective rotation vector are obtained by theInterferometric Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (InISAR) technology. Then, the total rotation velocity isestimated by the micro-Doppler feature extraction. Finally, the total rotation vector is acquired by combiningthe effective rotation velocity and the rotation velocity along the radar Line-Of-Sight (LOS).

zh-cn	多组仿真实验充分验证了所提方法的有效性，性能分析表明该方法可提供较准确的转动矢量估计，并可同时提供较好的3维成像结果。
en-us	The effectivenessof the proposed method is demonstrated by simulation experiments. Performance analysis shows that themethod can provide us with accurate results in both rotation vector estimation and three-dimensional imaging.

zh-cn	广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B)技术因明码广播特点，面临较严重的电子欺骗风险。
en-us	Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) technology is faces serious security risk ofspoofing due to the characteristics of broadcasting the clear text.

zh-cn	针对延迟转发电文的检测与相应干扰台定位问题，根据ADS-B地面站接收电文的位置间隔的分布特点，该文提出利用顺序电文间瞬时速度与关注期内平均速度间的差异性检测延迟转发电文的方法。
en-us	In view of the detection of delay-forwardingmessages and the positioning of corresponding jammers, according to the distribution characteristics of theinterval between radiation positions of messages received by ADS-B ground station, a method is proposed fordetecting delay-forwarding messages by using the difference between the instantaneous velocity of sequentialmessages and the average velocity of interest of period.

zh-cn	根据延迟转发电文的原始电文位置与干扰台间的空间关系，利用ADS-B地面站获取的延迟转发电文位置及时间戳，采用多点定位技术实现对干扰台定位。
en-us	According to the spatial relationship between the positions of the original messages of those delay-forwarding messages and the jammer, the positions of thedelay-forwarding messages received by ADS-B ground station and their received time stamps are used to locatethe position of jammer with the multilateration technique.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，利用瞬时速度与平均速度间的差异性可以有效地实现对延迟转发电文存在与否的检测，干扰台的定位精度与ADS-B地面站的定时精度、采用定位的电文数目、干扰台与航线间距离和干扰台方位等因素有关，且采用正视区域的位置电文可以获得对干扰台较好的定位性能。
en-us	The simulation results show that the differencebetween the instantaneous velocity and the average velocity can effectively detect the presence or absence ofdelay-forwarding messages, the positioning accuracy of jammer is related to the timing accuracy of ADS-Bground station, the number of messages used for positioning, the distance between jammer and track and theazimuth of jammer. The better positioning performance of jammer can be obtained by using the messagepositions in side-looking area.

zh-cn	该文方法可以使ADS-B地面站独立地检测延迟转发干扰和定位相应干扰台。
en-us	The proposed method can help the ADS-B ground station independently todetect the delay forwarding interference and to locate the corresponding jammer.

zh-cn	为解决非高斯噪声背景下，基于贝叶斯Fisher信息矩阵和基于互信息的节点选择不一致的问题，该文提出一种基于多目标优化的节点选择方法。推导出节点噪声为混合高斯分布时的贝叶斯Fisher信息矩阵和互信息，将节点个数、选择的节点对应的Fisher信息矩阵和互信息共同作为优化的目标函数。
en-us	To overcome the flaw that the sensor selection methods based on either of Bayesian Fisher information matrix or mutual information could not provide coincident results, the multiple objective optimal technology is developed for sensor selection by minimizing the number of sensors, maximizing corresponding Bayesian Fisher information matrix and mutual information of the selected sensors.

zh-cn	提出利用基于分解的多目标优化方法寻找Pareto最优解，并采用与理想解相似的偏好排序技术(TOPSIS)从所有Pareto最优解中选择最终的节点选择方案。
en-us	Then, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach is proposed to find the candidate that can better trade off the cost and two performance metrics.

zh-cn	仿真实验结果表明，基于多目标优化的节点选择方法选择的节点具有更优更稳健的定位精度。
en-us	Comparison results demonstrate that the proposed method can find a better sensor group, and ultimately, its overall localization performance is more stable and accurate.

zh-cn	无线传感网络(WSN)具有无标度网络的特征，通常工作在无人值守的开放性环境中，极易遭受到各种蓄意攻击。
en-us	Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has the characteristics of scale-free network, usually works in anunattended open environment, and is vulnerable to a variety of deliberate attacks.

zh-cn	攻击使得网络发生故障，甚至会导致整个网络瘫痪。
en-us	The attack causes thenetwork to break down, and even causes the whole network to be paralyzed.

zh-cn	该文基于复杂网络领域的无标度网络，构建具有无标度特性的无线传感网络模型。
en-us	In this paper, the scale-freenetwork in complex network is taken as the research object, and a scale-free wireless sensor network model isconstructed.

zh-cn	利用烟花算法及粒子群算法(PSO)寻优过程中的搜索能力、种群多样性等优点，提出了一种FW-PSO算法，该算法在全局搜索能力和收敛速度上具有较好的性能。
en-us	Using the advantages of Fireworks algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm,such as search ability and population diversity, the FW-PSO (FireWorks and Particle Swarm Optimization)algorithm is proposed, which has good performance in global search ability and convergence speed.

zh-cn	针对具有无标度特性的网络模型，用FW-PSO算法对网络拓扑进行优化，在不同的攻击策略下分别从动态抗毁性和静态抗毁性分析优化前后网络的性能。
en-us	For the scale-free network model, FW-PSO algorithm is used to optimize the network topology. Under different attackstrategies, the performance of the network before and after the optimization is analyzed from dynamic andstatic invulnerability respectively.

zh-cn	仿真实验表明，与其他同类算法相比，经过该文所提算法优化后的无线传感网络的动态和静态抗毁性能都有明显提升。
en-us	Simulation results show that, compared with other similar algorithms, the dynamic and static invulnerability of wireless sensor network optimized by the proposed algorithm has obvious advantages.

zh-cn	脉冲噪声会导致非负算法在迭代过程中存在过大的误差值，进而破坏算法的稳定性使其性能严重下降，对此该文提出一种基于Sigmoid框架的非负最小均方算法(SNNLMS)。
en-us	Impulsive noise causes nonnegative algorithms to yield excessive error during iterations, which willdamage the stability of the algorithm and causes performance degradation. In the paper, a NonNegative LeastMean Square algorithm based on the Sigmoid framework (SNNLMS) is proposed.

zh-cn	该算法将传统的非负代价函数嵌入Sigmoid框架中得到新的代价函数，新的代价函数具有抑制脉冲噪声影响的特性。
en-us	The algorithm embeds the conventional nonnegative cost function into the Sigmoid framework to receive a new cost function. In the paper, a NonNegative LeastMean Square algorithm based on the Sigmoid framework (SNNLMS) is proposed. The newcost function has the characteristics of suppressing the impact of impulse noise.

zh-cn	此外，为了增强SNNLMS算法在稀疏系统识别问题上的鲁棒性，该文还提出基于反比例函数的反比例Sigmoid非负最小均方算法(IP-SNNLMS)。
en-us	In addition, in order to enhancethe robustness of the SNNLMS algorithm under sparse system identification, the Inversely-ProportionalSigmoid NonNegative Least Mean Square (IP-SNNLMS) is proposed based on the inversely-proportionalfunction.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明SNNLMS算法有效地解决了脉冲噪声造成的失调问题；
en-us	Simulation results demonstrate that the SNNLMS algorithm effectively solves the problem ofmisadjustment caused by impulsive noise.

zh-cn	IP-SNNLMS增强了算法鲁棒性，改进了算法在稀疏系统识别问题中收敛速率上的缺陷。
en-us	IP-SNNLMS enhances the robustness of the algorithm and improvesthe defect of the convergence rate of the SNNLMS algorithm under the sparse system identification.

zh-cn	卷积压缩感知是近年来兴起的新型压缩感知技术。
en-us	Convolutional compressed sensing emerging in recent years is a new type of compressed sensingtechnology.

zh-cn	卷积压缩感知选用循环矩阵作为测量矩阵，其采样可以简化为卷积的过程，因此大大降低算法复杂度。
en-us	By using cyclic matrix as measurement matrices, the sampling in convolutional compressed sensingcan be simplified into convolution process, thus the complexity of the algorithm is greatly reduced.

zh-cn	该文基于分圆类构造适用于卷积压缩感知的测量矩阵，测量值通过利用确定性序列循环卷积信号，然后进行随机2次采样获得。
en-us	In this paper, a construction of measurement matrices for convolutional compressed sensing based on cyclotomic classes is proposed. The measurements are obtained by using the circulate convolution signal of the deterministicsequence and then by random subsampling.

zh-cn	该文构造的测量矩阵的相关性小于已有文献构造的测量矩阵的相关性。
en-us	The correlation of the measurement matrix constructed in thispaper is smaller than that of the existing constructions in the literature.

zh-cn	模拟仿真结果表明，该文构造的测量矩阵与同等条件下的随机高斯矩阵相比，可以更好地恢复稀疏信号；
en-us	The simulation results show that themeasurement matrix constructed in this paper can recover the sparse signal better than the random Gaussianmatrix under the same conditions.

zh-cn	所构造的矩阵还可以应用于信道估计以及2维图像的重构。
en-us	The proposed matrix can also be applied to channel estimation andreconstruction of two-dimensional images.

zh-cn	针对脑-机接口(BCI)研究中采用单一特征对运动想象脑电信号(EEG)识别率不高的问题，该文提出一种结合脑功能网络和样本熵的特征提取方法。
en-us	For the low recognition rate of motor imagery ElectroEncephaloGram (EEG) signals using singlefeature in Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) research, a feature extraction method combining brain functionnetwork and sample entropy is proposed.

zh-cn	根据事件相关同步/去同步(ERS/ERD)现象以及皮层与肢体运动想象间的对侧映射机制，选取小波包变换消噪重构后的 节律脑电信号，
en-us	According to the neural mechanism appearing in Event RelatedSynchronization/Event Related Desynchronization (ERS/ERD) phenomenon and the contralateral mappingmechanism between cortex and limb motor imagery, the m rhythm is denoised by wavelet packet transform.

zh-cn	用左侧27个通道、右侧27个通道分别对左半球脑区和右半球脑区构建脑功能网络，计算网络的平均节点度和平均聚集系数作为运动想象的脑功能网络特征，并结合C3, C4通道 节律的样本熵构筑分布性和指向性相结合的特征向量。
en-us	The brain function network is constructed for left hemispherical brain region and right hemispherical brainregion by m rhythm of 27 left channels and 27 right channels respectively. The mean node degree and the meanclustering coefficient are calculated as the brain function network characteristics, and the feature vectorscombining the distribution and directivity are constructed by the sample entropy of C3 and C4 channels withthe m rhythm.

zh-cn	选用支持向量机(SVM)对左右手运动想象脑电信号进行分类，结果表明基于脑功能网络和样本熵的特征提取方法能够实现更优的分类效果，分类准确率最高可达90.27%。
en-us	The Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to classify the left hand and right hand motorimagery EEG signals. The results show that the feature extraction method based on brain function network andsample entropy achieves better classification result, and the highest classification rate reached 90.27%.

zh-cn	针对同步跳频(FH)网台分选问题，该文提出一种基于时频域单源点检测的欠定盲源分离(UBSS)分选算法。
en-us	Considering the problem of synchronous Frequency Hopping(FH) network station sorting, an underdetermined Blind Source Separation(UBSS) algorithm based on time-frequency domain single source point detection is proposed.

zh-cn	该算法首先对观测信号时频变换，利用自适应阈值去噪算法消除时频矩阵背景噪声，增加算法抗噪性能，
en-us	Firstly, the algorithm performs time-frequency transform on the observed signal,and uses adaptive threshold denoising algorithm to eliminate the background noise of the time-frequencymatrix. It can increase the algorithm anti-noise performance.

zh-cn	然后根据信号绝对方位差算法进行单源点检测，有效保证单源点的充分稀疏性，并通过改进的模糊值聚类算法完成混合矩阵和2维波达方向估计，降低噪声和样本集分布差异对聚类结果的影响，提高估计精度。
en-us	Then, single source point detection is performedaccording to the absolute azimuth difference of the signal. It can effectively ensure the sufficient sparsity of asingle source point. The hybrid matrix estimation is completed by the improved fuzzy C value clusteringalgorithm. It can reduce the influence of noise and sample set distribution differences and improve theestimation accuracy.

zh-cn	最后采用变步长的稀疏自适应子空间追踪(SASP)算法对源信号进行重构恢复。
en-us	Finally, the source signal is reconstructed and restored by a variable step size SparsityAdaptive Subspace Pursuit(SASP) algorithm.

zh-cn	仿真实验表明，该算法在低信噪比(SNR)条件下，跳频信号波达方向估计和恢复精度较高，能够有效完成同步跳频信号的盲分离。
en-us	The simulation experiments show that the proposed algorithmhas higher recovery accuracy of the frequency hopping signal under the condition of low Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR), and can effectively complete the blind separation of the synchronous frequency hopping signal.

zh-cn	针对NFV/SDN架构下，服务功能链(SFC)的资源需求动态变化引起的虚拟网络功能(VNF)迁移优化问题，该文提出一种基于深度强化学习的VNF迁移优化算法。
en-us	To solve the problem of Virtual Network Function (VNF) migration optimization, which is caused by the dynamic change of resource requirements of Service Function Chain (SFC) under Network FunctionVirtualization/ Software Defined Network (NFV/SDN) architecture, a VNF migration optimization algorithm is proposed based on deep reinforcement learning.

zh-cn	首先，在底层CPU、带宽资源和SFC端到端时延约束下，建立基于马尔可夫决策过程(MDP)的随机优化模型，该模型通过迁移VNF来联合优化网络能耗和SFC端到端时延。
en-us	Firstly, based on the underlying CPU, bandwidth resourcesand SFC end-to-end delay constraints, a Markov Decision Process (MDP) based stochastic optimization modelis established. This model is used to optimize jointly network energy consumption and SFC end-to-end delay bymigrating VNF.

zh-cn	其次，由于状态空间和动作空间是连续值集合，提出一种基于深度确定性策略梯度(DDPG)的VNF智能迁移算法，从而得到近似最优的VNF迁移策略。
en-us	Secondly, since the state space and action space of this paper are continuous value sets, a VNFintelligent migration algorithm based on Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) is proposed to obtain anapproximate optimal VNF migration strategy. This model is used to optimize jointly network energy consumption and SFC end-to-end delay bymigrating VNF.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该算法可以实现网络能耗和SFC端到端时延的折中，并提高物理网络的资源利用率。
en-us	The simulation results show that the algorithm can achieve thecompromise between network energy consumption and SFC end-to-end delay, and improve the resourceutilization of the physical network.

zh-cn	传输时延和数据包丢失率是电力通信业务可靠传输重点关注的问题，该文提出一种面向软件定义电力通信网络的最小路径选择度路由控制策略。
en-us	Transmission delay and packet loss rate are critical issues in reliable transmission of powercommunication services. A minimum path selection routing control strategy for software-defined powercommunication networks is proposed.

zh-cn	结合电力通信网络软件定义网络(SDN)集中控制架构的特点，利用图卷积神经网络构建的链路带宽占用率预测模型(LBOP-GCN)分析下一时刻路径带宽占用率。
en-us	Combining the characteristics of the centralized control structure of thesoftware-defined power communication network, a Link Bandwidth Occupancy Predictive model based onGraph Convolutional Network (LBOP-GCN) is built to analyze the route paths bandwidth occupancy in thenext period.

zh-cn	通过三角模算子(TMO)融合路径的传输时延、当前时刻的路径带宽占用率和下一时刻的路径带宽占用率，计算出从源节点到目的节点间不同传输路径的选择度(Q)，然后将Q值最小的路径作为SDN控制器下发的流表项。
en-us	The selectivity (Q) of different transmission paths from the source node is calculated to thedestination node is calculated by using Triangle Modular Operator (TMO) to fuse the transmission delay of thepath, the path bandwidth occupancy at the current moment and the path bandwidth occupancy at the nextmoment. Then the path with the lowest Q value is used as the flow table of the OpenFlow switch delivered bythe Software Defined Network (SDN) controller.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该文所提出的路由控制策略能有效减小业务传输时延和数据包丢失率。
en-us	Experiments show that the proposed routing control strategycan effectively reduce service transmission delay and packet loss rate.

zh-cn	针对双基地EMVS-MIMO雷达角度参数估计问题，该文通过设计新的发射阵列和接收阵列来实现对双基地EMVS-MIMO雷达角度参数估计精度的提升。
en-us	A new transmit and receive array in bistatic ElectroMagnetic Vector Sensor Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (EMVS-MIMO) radar system is designed to improve the angle parameter estimation accuracy.

zh-cn	相比于半波长的均匀线性发射阵列和接收阵列，所设计的新型阵列能够实现发射端和接收端阵列孔径的扩展。
en-us	Compared with the bistatic EMVS-MIMO radar equipped with half -wavelength spaced uniform linear arraysboth in the transmitter and receiver, the new designed transmit and receive array can further enhance the arrayaperture.

zh-cn	并且，为了避免发射角和接收角的角度参数额外配对过程，该文利用平行因子算法来实现发射角和接收角的角度参数自动配对。
en-us	And, automatically paired angle parameter matching process for 2D DOD and 2D DOA can beobtained with the aid of the parallel factor trilinear alternating least square algorithm.

zh-cn	同时，相应的发射方位角、发射俯仰角、发射极化角、发射极化相位差和接收方位角、接收俯仰角、接收极化角以及接收极化相位差也是自动配对的。
en-us	Meanwhile, the corresponding elevation angle, azimuth angle, polarization angle and polarization phase difference both for transmitter and receiver are also automatically paired.

zh-cn	通过利用平行因子算法多次迭代之后得到的方向加载矩阵，对应于发射角和接收角的精粗估计的旋转不变关系可以从方向加载矩阵中进行相应的提取。
en-us	Then, the loading matrices corresponding to transmitand receive array can be obtained by using the parallel factor trilinear alternating least square algorithm. And,high-accuracy and low-accuracy direction sine estimation can be determined by extracting the rotationinvariance relationship from the obtained loading matrices.

zh-cn	因此，高分辨的发射角和接收角可以通过精粗估计的结合来实现。
en-us	Thus, high resolution angle parameter estimationcan be located by combining the high-accuracy estimated results and low-accuracy estimated results.

zh-cn	相比于当前算法，所提算法具有自动参数配对特性以及较低的计算复杂度。
en-us	Furthermore, the proposed method can provide automatically paired angle parameter matching process and lower computation complexity than state-of-the-art methods.

zh-cn	仿真实验表明所提算法具有较高的估计精度。
en-us	Simulation results are carried out to verify theexcellent angle parameter estimation performance of the proposed method.

zh-cn	为了实现脉冲噪声环境下不受相关法分辨极限限制的高分辨率多径到达时差(TDOA)估计，该文利用相关熵理论中的最大相关熵准则(MCC)，结合将多维优化问题转化为多个1维优化问题的期望最大化方法，提出一种相关熵期望最大化(CEM)高分辨率多径TDOA估计算法。
en-us	In order to realize the high-resolution multipath Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA) estimation which is not limited by the resolution limit of correlation method under impulsive noise environment, a Correntropy Expectation-Maximum (CEM) high resolution multipath TDOA estimation algorithm is proposed based on theMaximum Correntropy Criterion (MCC). The multipath TDOA is estimated by transforming multi-dimensionaloptimization problems into multiple one-dimensional optimization problems.

zh-cn	仿真实验结果表明该文所提出的算法在强脉冲噪声和低信噪比的环境下都具有很好的估计性能，并且算法中参数的选取不依赖于脉冲噪声的先验信息。
en-us	The simulation results show that the CEM algorithm has good estimation performance under strong impulsive noise and low SNR environment, and the selection of kernel size in CEM algorithm is not depend on the prior information of the impulsive noise.

zh-cn	针对现有线性调频(LFM)信号参数估计方法在脉冲噪声下性能退化甚至完全失效的问题，该文提出一种脉冲噪声下估计LFM信号参数的新方法。
en-us	In order to solve the problem that existing parameter estimation algorithms of Linear FrequencyModulation (LFM) signals undergo performance degradation or even become invalid in impulsive noiseenvironment, a new method for estimating LFM signal parameters in impulsive noise is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	该文构造了一种新的压缩变换(CT)函数，分析了该函数在零点附近的近线性，推导了任意随机变量经该函数变换后的2阶矩有界，证明了函数变换前后LFM信号的初始频率和调频斜率信息不变。
en-us	The paper constructs a new Compress Transform (CT) function, analyzes the approximate linearity of thefunction near the zero point, derives that the second-order moments are bounded after the proposedtransformation for any random variable, and proves that the initial frequency and frequency modulation slopeinformation of an LFM signal are unchanged after the transformation.

zh-cn	将经过函数变换后的信号进行分数阶傅里叶变换(FrFT)，根据FrFT域中峰值坐标和信号参数的关系，寻找变换域中的峰值点，实现信号参数的估计。
en-us	According to the relationship betweenthe peak coordinates and the signal parameters in the FrFT domain, the peak point in the transform domain islocated and the signal parameters estimates can be obtained.

zh-cn	仿真实验表明，该方法可有效抑制脉冲噪声且能准确估计出信号的参数信息，实现简单，不需要噪声的先验信息，具有良好的稳健性。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively suppress the impulse noise and accurately estimate the parameter information of the signal. This method is simple and robust. Moreover, it does not require the prior information of the impulsive noise.

zh-cn	针对循环相关熵谱估计循环周期图检测(CPD)算法存在计算效率低、频谱分辨率低和易产生“频谱泄漏”的问题，该文提出一种循环相关熵谱估计的Correntrogram算法。
en-us	A high computationally efficient algorithm for cyclic correntropy spectral analysis is presented whichis named as Correntrogram algorithm. Correntrogram algorithm overcomes the problems of Cyclic Periodogram Detection (CPD) method, such as high computational cost, low resolution and spectrum leakage.

zh-cn	Correntrogram算法借鉴Wigner-Ville 分布(WVD)时频分辨率高的优势，将WVD算法中瞬时自相关函数替换为时变自相关熵函数，即可得到一种循环相关熵谱密度估计算法，称为Correntrogram。
en-us	Correntrogram utilizes the advantages of Wigner-Ville Distribution (WVD) which has high time frequencyresolution. By replacing the time-varying autocorrelation function with the time-varying auto-correntropyfunction in the WVD algorithm, the cyclic auto-correntropy spectral density estimation algorithm can berealized.

zh-cn	首先计算信号的时变自相关熵函数矩阵，再计算时变自相关熵函数矩阵各行的FFT，得到循环自相关熵函数矩阵，最后计算循环自相关熵函数矩阵各列的FFT，得到循环相关熵谱密度。
en-us	First, the time-varying auto-correntropy function matrix of the signal is calculated, and then the FastFourier Transform (FFT) of each row of the time-varying auto-correntropy function matrix is computed to getthe cyclic auto-correntropy function matrix. Finally, the FFT of each column of the cyclic auto-correntropyfunction matrix is calculated to get the cyclic auto-correntropy spectral density function.

zh-cn	通过仿真调幅信号的处理结果证明：Correntrogram算法有效提高了循环相关熵谱估计效率，避免了“频谱泄漏”，提高了频谱分辨率，该算法程序运行可靠。
en-us	The validity of theproposed estimator is demonstrated on a simulative amplitude modulation signal. The simulative result showsthat not only the proposed estimator is computationally efficient, but also has high frequency resolution andovercomes the spectrum leakage. The performance of Correntrogram is better than that of CPD method.

zh-cn	该文给出了一般3次多项式映射与分段线性混沌映射拓扑共轭的充分条件，从而间接地给出了一般3次多项式成为混沌系统的充分条件。
en-us	This paper provides the sufficient conditions for topological conjugation between the general cubic polynomial maps and a piecewise linear chaotic map, then provides indirectly the sufficient conditions that make the cubic polynomial maps be chaotic.

zh-cn	进一步对拓扑共轭的分段线性映射和多项式映射的均匀性、结构复杂性和随机性进行了分析，
en-us	This paper analyzes further the uniformity, structural complexityand randomness of the piecewise linear map and cubic polynomial maps of topological conjugation.

zh-cn	结果显示分段线性映射的均匀性优于多项式映射，多项式映射的随机性优于分段线性映射，
en-us	The results show that the uniformity of the piecewise linear map is better than the polynomial maps while the randomness of the polynomial maps is superior to the piecewise linear map.

zh-cn	在结构复杂性方面，二者没有显著差异，但量化方法对二者的结构复杂性影响显著。
en-us	As for the structural complexity, there is nosignificant difference between the two kinds of systems, but it should be noted that the quantitative method makes a significant impact on the structure complexity of the systems.

zh-cn	该文基于正交序列集，研究了一类新的零相关区(ZCZ)非周期互补序列(ZACS)集构造方法，所得到的序列集参数达到最优，且在满足Z|N的条件下零相关区长度可以灵活选择。
en-us	The construction of ZCZ Aperiodic Complementary Sequence (ZACS) sets are researched based onorthogonal matrices. The proposed approach can provide optimal ZACS sets and the length of ZCZ can bechosen flexibly under the condition of Z|N.

zh-cn	该方法所构造的序列具有理想的自相关性能和组内互补特性。
en-us	The resultant sequence sets have ideal auto correlation properties and intra-group complementary properties.

zh-cn	通过调整参数q，可得到多个不同的序列集。
en-us	By adjusting the parameter q, different ZACS sets can be obtained.

zh-cn	同时，基于多电平完备序列，给出了一类高斯整数正交序列集的构造方法，得到的高斯整数正交序列集可以用于非周期互补序列集的构造。
en-us	Moreover, based on the multilevel perfect sequence over integer, Gaussian integer orthogonal matrix isconstructed which can be used as the initial sequence in the construction of ZACS.

zh-cn	所提方法构造的零相关区非周期互补序列集用于多载波码分多址系统中可以降低多径干扰、多址干扰，也可以作为训练序列用于多输入多输出信道估计中。
en-us	The sequence sets can be applied to Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) system to remove multipath interference and multiple access interference. Furthermore, it can be used as training sequence in Multiple Input MultipleOutput (MIMO) channel estimation.

zh-cn	针对同频带干扰及脉冲噪声并存的复杂电磁环境下现有时延估计算法性能退化的问题，该文引入双曲正切函数，提出一种改进的广义循环相关熵时延估计(HTGCCE)算法。
en-us	In complex electromagnetic environment, due to the impact of co-channel interference and impulsivenoise, the performance of existing time delay estimation algorithms degrade severely. In this paper, an improvedGeneralized Cyclic Correntropy time delay Estimation (HTGCCE) algorithm is proposed by using theHyperbolic Tangent function to address this degradation problem.

zh-cn	首先指出脉冲噪声存在时广义循环相关熵算法的优势及性能退化的原因。
en-us	Firstly, the performance degradation of generalized cyclic correntropy method is thoroughly analyzed and explained in impulsive noise.

zh-cn	然后利用双曲正切函数对其进行改进，以提高算法在脉冲噪声下的时延估计性能。
en-us	Then, based onthe hyperbolic tangent function, an improved generalized cyclic correntropy method is proposed to improve thedelay estimation performance under impulsive noise.

zh-cn	仿真实验表明，提出的算法在脉冲噪声的特征指数较小、信噪比较低及信干比较低时仍保持很好的时延估计性能。
en-us	Finally, the simulation results show that the proposedtime delay estimation algorithm has an outstanding performance in impulsive noise, even with smallcharacteristic component and low generalized signal-to-noise ratio.

zh-cn	在未知系统输入信号和输出信号均含有噪声的环境中，传统的自适应滤波算法，如最小均方(LMS)算法，会产生有偏估计。
en-us	In environments where both the input and output signals of the unknown system contain noise,classical adaptive filtering algorithms, such as the Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm, will produce biasedestimates.

zh-cn	总体最小二乘(TLS)算法能够同时最小化输入信号与输出信号的噪声干扰，是解决此类问题的重要方法。
en-us	The Total Least Squares (TLS) method is devised to minimize the perturbation of errors in the inputand output signals, which is an important method to solve such problems.

zh-cn	然而，在许多实际应用中，干扰噪声可能具有冲击特性，这使得传统基于2阶统计量的自适应滤波算法，包括总体最小二乘算法性能严重恶化，以至于不能正常工作。
en-us	However, when the signals aredisturbed by impulsive noises, which exist in many practical applications, the performance of traditionaladaptive filtering algorithms that only relies on the second-order statistics of the errors, including the TLSalgorithm, will deteriorate seriously, so that it can not work properly.

zh-cn	为了解决这个问题，该文在总体最小二乘法的基础上，利用对数函数对其改进，提出了一种能够抗冲击干扰的对数总体最小二乘(L-TLS)算法。
en-us	In order to solve this problem, based onthe TLS method, this paper uses logarithmic function to improve the TLS algorithm, and proposes aLogarithmic Total Least Square (L-TLS) algorithm which can efficiently reduce the effects of impulsive noises.

zh-cn	最后，通过计算机仿真实验验证了该新算法的有效性。
en-us	Finally, computer simulation experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

zh-cn	在综合考虑自适应滤波算法设计中收敛速度、稳态误差、计算复杂度和跟踪性能等指标的基础上，该文提出一种类箕舌线函数的变步长归一化自适应滤波算法，用类箕舌线函数代替Sigmoid函数作为步长迭代公式，引入基于相关误差的变步长调整原则，在大大增强算法稳定性的同时大幅度提升了算法的收敛速度、跟踪性能，减小了算法的计算复杂度。
en-us	On the basis of the comprehensive consideration in the design of the indexs of the adaptive filteralgorithm convergence speed, steady-state error, computational complexity and tracking performance, a kind ofVersoria function normalized adaptive filtering algorithm is proposed in this paper. The class Versoria functionis used instead of Sigmoid function as step iterative formula, introducing variable step size based on therelevant error adjustment principle, the stability of the algorithm is enhanced greatly.

zh-cn	在Matlab平台上分析了改进的步长函数中参数 , 以及 的不同取值对算法的影响，并将该文算法与已有的基于Sigmoid函数和基于箕舌线函数的变步长LMS算法进行了比较。
en-us	At the same time, the convergence speed and tracking performance of the algorithm is promoted and the computational complexity of the algorithm is reduced. The influence of the parameter ,  and  different value of the step function ofalgorithm is analyzed on Matlab platform. Compared with the Sigmoid function variable step size LMSalgorithm and variable step size LMS algorithm based on Versoria function,

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该文算法有更快的收敛速度、更好的跟踪能力以及较小的稳态误差和较强的鲁棒性。
en-us	The simulation results showthat this algorithm has faster convergence speed, better tracking ability, smaller steady-state error and strongrobustness.

zh-cn	基于最大互相关熵准则(MCC)的自适应滤波算法在非高斯噪声环境下具有强鲁棒性，得到了广泛应用。
en-us	The adaptive filtering algorithms under the Maximum Correntropy Criterion (MCC) show strongrobustness against impulsive noises.

zh-cn	然而，传统MCC滤波算法在选择参数时依然受到收敛速度与稳态精度之间固有矛盾的困扰。
en-us	The original MCC adaptive filter, however, still suffers from a compromisebetween convergence rate and misadjustment when choosing parameters.

zh-cn	为解决这一问题，该文提出一类多凸组合MCC算法，能够充分发挥不同参数组合下滤波算法的性能优势，从而获得更好的信道跟踪能力。
en-us	To address this issue, a convex combination approach is proposed in this paper, where multiple MCC adaptive filters with different step-sizes and kernel widths are combined together to yield fast convergence speed and lower misadjustment.

zh-cn	理论分析得出了所提算法的均值收敛条件和稳态均方误差，同时，仿真实验表明所提算法在对抗高斯和非高斯噪声时均具有收敛快、稳态精度高的特点。
en-us	Theoretical analysis on convergence of the new approach demonstrates that it can achieve more desirable performance than the original MCC adaptive filter as well as convex combination of two MCC adaptive filers with different step-sizes or kernel widths. Simulation results confirm the excellent performance of the new method.

zh-cn	该文基于时域有限差分(FDTD)方法和传输线方程，结合Ngspice软件，提出一种高效的时域混合算法，能够快速模拟空间电磁场作用传输线端接复杂电路的电磁耦合问题。
en-us	An efficient time domain hybrid method is presented consisting of Finite-Difference Time-Domain(FDTD) method, Transmission Line (TL) equations, and Ngspice software to be well applied to the couplinganalysis of transmission lines terminated with complex circuits excited by space electromagnetic fields.

zh-cn	该算法的优势在于实现了空间电磁场辐射与端接复杂电路瞬态响应的协同计算，且避免了对传输线和复杂电路结构的直接建模。
en-us	The significant features of this presented method are that it can realize the co-calculation of electromagnetic field radiation and transient responses on the lines and complex circuits, and avoid modeling the structures of transmission lines and circuits directly.

zh-cn	首先，将复杂电路通过传输线的特性阻抗进行等效，采用FDTD方法结合传输线方程，求解得到特性阻抗上的入射电流响应。
en-us	Firstly, the complex circuits are replaced by the characteristicimpedances of corresponding transmission lines, and then the FDTD method combined with TL equations isadopted to solve the incident currents on these impedances.

zh-cn	然后，在每个时间步上，将该电流引入复杂电路作为激励源，联合电路模型建立网表文件。
en-us	Secondly, the incident currents are introduced intothe complex circuits as excitation sources at each time step of FDTD simulation, which are combined with thecircuits to form the netlist files.

zh-cn	最后，使用Ngspice软件读取网表文件，并仿真得到电路各元件上的瞬态响应。
en-us	Finally, transient responses on the elements of circuits are obtained by usingthe Ngspice software.

zh-cn	通过相应计算实例的数值模拟，与电磁场仿真软件CST的计算结果以及耗用内存和时间进行对比，验证了算法的正确性和高效性。
en-us	Numerical simulations are utilized to verify the correctness and efficiency of this hybrid method by comparing with the electromagnetic software CST in simulation results and consumptions of memories and computation time.

zh-cn	在图像处理中，低秩矩阵的冗余信息可用于图像恢复和图像特征提取，而在迭代译码中，校验矩阵的冗余行可以加快译码收敛速度。
en-us	In image processing, the redundant information of low-rank matrices can be used for image recoveryand image feature extraction, and redundant rows of the parity-check matrices can accelerate the convergencerate in iterative decoding.

zh-cn	该文研究一类易于硬件实现的低秩循环矩阵。
en-us	A class of low-rank circulant matrices with easy hardware implementation is studied.

zh-cn	首先将循环矩阵转换为位置集合，并基于同构理论简化了位置集合的搜索空间，从而基于比特移位方法提出了循环矩阵的构造方法。
en-us	Circulant matrices are first converted into position sets, the search space of position sets is pruned based onisomorphism theory, and then construction of circulant matrices is proposed based on the bit shift method.

zh-cn	考虑非零域元素的列赋值与矩阵秩之间的关系，选取Tanner图中没有长度为4的环的循环矩阵，基于非零域元素的列赋值思想提出了不同阶数、不同码率的多元LDPC码构造方法。
en-us	Considering the relationship between the column assignment of non-zero field elements and the matrix rank,circulant matrices whose Tanner graphs have no cycles of length 4 are chosen, and according to the columnassignment of non-zero field elements, construction of nonbinary LDPC codes over various finite fields and withdifferent code rates is presented.

zh-cn	数值仿真结果表明，与基于PEG算法构造的二元LDPC码比较，所构造的多元LDPC码在BPSK调制方式下在误码字率10–5附近有0.9 dB的增益；在与高阶调制相结合时，有更大的性能提升。
en-us	Numerical simulation results show that, compared with binary LDPC codes constructed based on the PEG algorithm, the proposed nonbinary LDPC codes have 0.9 dB gain at Word ErrorRate (WER) of 10-5 when the modulation is BPSK, and the performance gap becomes large by combining with high order modulations.

zh-cn	此外，所构造的多元LDPC码在迭代5次与50次下的性能几乎一致，这为低时延高可靠通信提供了一种有效的候选编码方案。
en-us	Furthermore, the performance gap of the proposed codes between 5 iterations and 50iterations is negligible, and it provides a promising coding scheme for low-latency and high-reliability communications.

zh-cn	随着移动通信应用场景的持续增多，非平稳信道成为越来越常见的传输环境，而非平稳信道下的可靠传输依赖于准确的信道估计。
en-us	With the continuous increase of possible usage scenarios of mobile networks, non-stationary channels become more and more common transmission environments, and reliable transmission over non-stationary channels relies on accurate channel estimation.

zh-cn	基于信源编码中用于信源参数估计和信源相关性估计的滑窗置信传播(SWBP)算法，该文提出一种非平稳信道下LDPC码的联合信道估计与译码(JCED)算法；
en-us	Based on the Sliding-Window Belief-Propagation (SWBP)algorithm used to cope with source parameter estimation and source correlation estimation, a Joint Channel Estimation and Decoding (JCED) algorithm for LDPC codes over non-stationary channels is proposed.

zh-cn	同时，分别基于交叉熵和离散傅里叶变换提出两种在每轮JCED迭代中自适应设置滑窗长度的快速算法。
en-us	Two fast algorithms to set adaptively the window size in each JCED iteration are also proposed based on cross entropy and Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), respectively.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，在无导频辅助的前提下，所提算法具有接近理想信道估计下置信传播译码的性能以及高效率、低复杂度、强鲁棒性和不导致错误平层等优点。
en-us	Simulation results reveal that, without the aid ofpilots, the performance of the proposed algorithm approaches that of Belief-Propagation (BP) decoding underideal channel estimation, and has the advantages of high efficiency, low complexity, strong robustness and notincurring error-floor.

zh-cn	近年来，以物联网(IoT)为基础的6G的相关技术研究引起了研究单位、高校和工业界的广泛关注，其中还有一些重要的问题亟待解决。
en-us	Recently 6G based on Internet of Things (IoT) is attracted much attention from research units,universities and industries. There are some important problems leaved for us to resolve.

zh-cn	如何以较低的成本保证带限非平稳环境下数据传输的鲁棒性是一个非常重要的问题。
en-us	One of the most important problems is how to keep robust transmitting through band-limited non-stationary channels with low cost.

zh-cn	该文介绍了一种低复杂度、低功耗的调制解调传输技术，即差分混沌键控(DCSK)调制。
en-us	In this overview, one low complexity, low power consumption modulation and demodulation transmittingtechnique, namely, Differential Chaos Shift Keying (DCSK) with its modified ways, is introduced in wirelessand wired transmission environment.

zh-cn	该文将分别描述和分析该系统在标准和非标准传输环境下的特性、优势及其改进方法。
en-us	Their properties and advantages of the models under traditional and non-standard transmission environments are described and analyzed.

zh-cn	同时将提供一些基于多元DCSK(MDCSK)的新型编码调制方案来提高系统在带限环境下的传输质量，这将有助于在低功耗、低成本的网络上，特别是在非平稳信道上提升系统的鲁棒性。
en-us	Meanwhile some new coded M-ary DifferentialChaos Shift Keying (MDCSK) schemes to enhance their quality of the system transmitting over band-limitedtransmission environments are provided, which are beneficial to improve the robust transmitting over networkswith low power consumption and low cost, particularly, over non-stationary channels.

zh-cn	结果表明这些优化工作显著地改善了系统性能。
en-us	The results show that theoptimization work improves the system performance significantly.

zh-cn	之后针对非平稳信道特性系统参数的优化与自适应传输机制将成为未来研究的热点。
en-us	After that, the optimization and adaptivemechanics of the system parameters for the non-stationary channel characteristics will become a future researchhotspot.

zh-cn	针对航班延误衍生的航班延误波及问题，该文提出一种基于CBAM-CondenseNet的航班延误波及预测模型。
en-us	For the problem of flight delay propagation caused by flight delay, a flight delay wave predictionmodel based on CBAM-CondenseNet is presented.

zh-cn	首先，通过分析航班延误在航空网络内产生的延误波及现象，确定会受前序延误航班影响的航班链；
en-us	Firstly, by analyzing the delays propagation in the aviationnetwork caused by flight delays, the flight chain affected by the pre-order delays is determined;

zh-cn	其次，对选定的航班链数据进行清洗，将航班信息与机场信息进行数据融合；
en-us	Secondly, the selected flight chain data is cleaned and the flight information and airport information are fused;

zh-cn	最后，提出改进的CBAM-CondenseNet算法对融合后的数据进行特征提取，构建Softmax分类器对首班离港航班延误波及的后续离港航班延误等级进行预测。
en-us	Finally, animproved CBAM-CondenseNet algorithm is proposed to extract the number of fused flights. According tofeature extraction, a Softmax classifier is constructed to predict the delays of the first departure flights and thesubsequent flights.

zh-cn	该文提出的CBAM-CondenseNet算法融合了CondenseNet和CBAM的优势，采用通道和空间注意力机制来加强网络结构深层信息的传递。
en-us	The CBAM-CondenseNet algorithm proposed in this paper combines the advantages of CondenseNet and CBAM, and uses channel and spatial attention mechanism to enhance the transmission of deep information in network structure.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，算法改进后有效提升网络性能，预测准确率可达97.55%。
en-us	The experimental results show that the improved algorithm caneffectively improve the network performance, and the prediction accuracy can reach 97.55%.

zh-cn	针对室内可见光通信中3维定位精度不高和定位时间较长的问题，该文提出基于改进免疫粒子群(IIMPSO)算法的室内可见光通信(VLC) 3维定位方法。
en-us	For the problem that the three-dimensional positioning accuracy is not high and the positioning timeis too long in indoor Visible Light Communication(VLC). An indoor visible light three-dimensional positioningsystem based on Improved IMmune Particle Swarm Optimization(IIMPSO) algorithm is proposed.

zh-cn	通过分析室内多径效应，选取合适的视场角(FOV)以减少反射影响，
en-us	By analyzing the indoor multipath effects, the fitter Field Of View (FOV) is selected to reduce the influence of the reflection.

zh-cn	同时完善了倾斜状态下的定位模型，并采用卡尔曼滤波算法以降低环境干扰对接收功率的影响，在此基础上与改进的免疫粒子群算法相融合。
en-us	Meanwhile, the positioning model under the tilt state is improved. The Kalman filter algorithm isused to reduce the impact of environmental interference on the received power. On the basis, it is integratedwith the improved immune particle swarm algorithm.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，在5 m×5 m×3 m的室内环境中，该文所提出的3维定位系统平均定位误差为0.031 m，定位时长为2.3 s。
en-us	Simulation results show the average positioning error ofthe indoor three-dimensional positioning system is 0.031 m, and the positioning time is 2.3 s in the indoor of5 m × 5 m × 3 m.

zh-cn	与现有的3维定位系统进行比较，其定位精度与收敛速度均得到明显改善。
en-us	Compared with the existing three-dimensional positioning system, the positioning accuracyand convergence speed are significantly improved.

zh-cn	圆迹SAR(CSAR)因其特殊曲线运动轨迹而具备3维成像能力。
en-us	Circular SAR (CSAR) has the ability of 3-D imaging due to its special curve trajectory.

zh-cn	单圈CSAR理论上可以获得距离方位平面亚波长级的分辨率，但是高程向分辨率却很低。
en-us	Single-passCSAR can theoretically obtain the resolution of the sub-wavelength level on the distance-azimuth plane, but its resolution at the elevation direction is very low.

zh-cn	同时，利用后向投影(BP)算法进行CSAR 3维成像的算法复杂度高，成像效率低。
en-us	At the same time, CSAR 3-D imaging with BackProjection(BP) has high algorithm complexity and low imaging efficiency.

zh-cn	该文提出一种基于改进3维后向投影的多圈CSAR相干3维成像方法，针对现有成像算法时间复杂度高的问题，提出一种构造几何插值核的CSAR改进3维后向投影算法，
en-us	A coherent 3-D imaging method formulti-circular SAR based on an improved 3-D back projection algorithm is proposed. For the problem of hightime complexity of the imaging algorithm, an improved 3-D BP algorithm for CSAR based on constructinggeometric interpolation kernel is proposed.

zh-cn	可将3维插值操作转化为1维插值操作和距离向量搜索操作，通过多圈CSAR改进3维后向投影成像结果相干积累的方式得到最终3维图像。
en-us	3-D interpolation operations are transformed into 1-D interpolationoperations and distance vector searching operations. The final imaging result is obtained by coherently accumulating the improved 3-D BP results of multi-circular SAR.

zh-cn	该文所提方法可有效解决单圈CSAR 3维成像高程向分辨率低的问题，改善3维成像细节，同时能够大幅降低CSAR 3维成像时间。
en-us	The proposed method solves effectively the problem of low elevation resolution of single-pass CSAR, improves 3-D imaging details, and reduces greatly thetime of CSAR 3-D imaging simultaneously.

zh-cn	仿真圆锥目标和美国空军实验室GOTCHA数据3维成像结果验证了该文所提方法的有效性。
en-us	The simulated 3-D imaging results of the conical target and GOTCHA data set from the US Air Force Laboratory verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

zh-cn	该文以通信系统中常用的典型微波部件——同轴连接器为研究对象，基于混沌理论对获得的同轴连接器的无源互调(PIM)功率时间序列进行分析，验证了使用混沌理论预测无源互调的有效性。
en-us	Passive InterModulation (PIM) products are spurious frequency signals which occur in microwaveand radio frequency communication system. And it is noticed that PIM levels have the characteristic ofchanging with time. In order to find out the relationship between PIM level and time, as the typical microwavecomponent which more often causes PIM in communication system, coaxial connector is chosen and analyzedusing chaotic method.

zh-cn	首先通过实验系统获得同轴连接器的3阶无源互调功率时间序列，并对得到的实验数据进行相空间重构，确定该时间序列的最佳嵌入维数m和延迟时间τ。
en-us	Firstly, the third order PIM level time series of coaxial connector is obtained by PIMmeasurement system. Based on the experimental data, the phase space is reconstructed and the optimalembedding dimension m and delay time τ are confirmed.

zh-cn	然后，结合最佳嵌入维数和延迟时间，分别构建相图和使用小数据量法计算该时间序列的最大Lyapunov指数，从而从定性和定量角度验证了该无源互调功率时间序列具有混沌特性。
en-us	Secondly, the largest Lyapunov exponent is calculated by the method named the small data sets with embedding dimension m and delay time τ. And from the qualitative and quantitative perspective, it is verified that the passive intermodulation level time series have the characteristic of chaos.

zh-cn	在此基础上，基于获得的最大Lyapunov指数对该无源互调功率时间序列进行混沌预测，在最大可预测尺度范围内，理论预测值与实验值最大误差为2.61%，表明采用混沌方法预测无源互调功率效果较好。
en-us	Lastly, the prediction of PIM level with chaotic method is performed on the basis of the largest Lyapunov exponent.And the maximum error between the theoretical prediction value and the experimental value is 2.61% within the maximum predictable scale, indicating that the chaotic prediction is an effective way.

zh-cn	该文提出的使用混沌理论预测通信系统中微波部件无源互调功率的方法，为开展无源互调抑制技术研究，提高通信系统的性能提供了新思路。
en-us	The method that predicts the PIM level of microwave components in the communication system discussed in this paper provides a new way of studying the PIM mitigation technique for communication system and provides a new idea for improving the performance of the communication system.

zh-cn	近年来，基于机器学习(ML)的频谱感知技术为认知无线电系统提供了新型的频谱状态监测解决方案。
en-us	In recent years, Machine Learning (ML) based spectrum sensing technology has provided a newsolution in spectrum status identification for cognitive radio systems.

zh-cn	利用蜂窝认知无线电网络(CCRN)中的次级用户设备(SUE)所能提供的大量频谱观测数据，该文提出了一种基于主用户(PU)传输模式分类的频谱感知方案。
en-us	Based on the large amount of spectrumobservations captured by the Secondary User Equipment (SUE) in the Cellular Cognitive Radio Network(CCRN), this paper proposes a spectrum sensing scheme based on the Primary User (PU) transmission modeclassification.

zh-cn	首先，基于多种典型的ML算法，对于网络中的多个主用户发射机(PUT)的传输模式进行分类辨识，在网络整体层面上确定所有PUT的联合工作状态。
en-us	Firstly, based on a variety of typical ML classification algorithms, the proposed scheme classifiesthe transmission mode of multiple Primary User Transmitters (PUTs) in the CCRN, and determines the jointoperating state of all the PUTs in the CCRN.

zh-cn	然后，网络中的SUE根据其所处地理位置或者频谱观测数据，判断其在当前已判定的PUT发射模式下接入授权频谱的可能性。
en-us	Subsequently, the SUE evaluates the possibility of accessing thelicensed spectrum in the currently determined PUT transmission mode according to its geographical location orspectrum observation data.

zh-cn	由于PUT在网络中的实际位置可能事先已知或者无法提前确定，该文给出了3种不同的处理方法。
en-us	Since the actual locations of the PUTs in the network may be readily known inadvance or unaware of at all, the proposed scheme solves the problem in three different methods.

zh-cn	理论推导与实验结果表明，所提方案与传统的能量检测方案相比，不仅改善了频谱感知性能，还增加了蜂窝认知网络对于授权频谱的动态访问机会。
en-us	Theoreticalderivation and experimental results show that compared with the traditional energy detection scheme, theproposed scheme not only remarkably improves the spectrum sensing performance, but also significantlyincreases the opportunities of dynamic accessing to the licensed spectrum for the SUEs.

zh-cn	该方案可以作为蜂窝认知无线电网络中的一种高效实用的频谱感知解决方案。
en-us	The proposed schemecan be used as an efficient and practical spectrum sensing solution in the CCRN.

zh-cn	在多载波差分混沌键控(MC-DCSK)系统中，经由无线信道传输在接收端进行检测时，参考混沌信号的传输差错将降低承载信息的检测性能，降低传输可靠性。
en-us	In Multi-Carrier Differential Chaos Shift Keying (MC-DCSK) systems, after transmitted over wirelesschannels, the transmission errors in the reference chaotic signal will degrade the detection performances of theinformation-bearing signals at the receiver.

zh-cn	为了提高可靠性，该文基于承载信息的调制信号因共享参考混沌信号的低秩特性，提出了一种基于矩阵低秩估计(LRAM)的MC-DCSK接收机，增强系统可靠性。
en-us	In order to address this issue, in this paper, a Low RankApproximation of Matrices (LRAM) aided MC-DCSK receiver is proposed based on the low rank characteristicsof the information-bearing chaotic modulated signals sharing the same reference chaotic signal, with the aim toenhance the reliability performances.

zh-cn	该接收机将接收信号矩阵表示为秩1矩阵和噪声矩阵之和，然后对接收信号矩阵进行低秩估计，以得到参考信号的最优估计，并进而将其用于承载信息的调制信号的检测和解调，从而提升系统传输可靠性。
en-us	In the design, the received signal matrix is evaluated by the sum of a rankone matrix and a Gaussian noise matrix, and then the LRAM method is applied to derive the estimates ofreceived signals to attain the optimal estimate of the reference chaotic sequence, which is subsequently used torecover the user data, thereby improving the reliability performances of MC-DCSK systems.

zh-cn	继而，该文证明了LRAM检测可等效于最大似然估计检测，并对信息泄露率理论安全性能进行了分析，分析结果表明所提方案安全性与基准MC-DCSK系统一致。
en-us	Subsequently, the proposed LRAM detection is proved that is equivalent to the maximum likelihood estimation detection, then the theoretical security performances in terms of the information leakage is analyzed. The analysis shows that the security performances of the proposed system keep the same as those of the benchmark MC-DCSK systems.

zh-cn	仿真结果验证了该接收机在加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)和多径衰落信道下可有效提升MC-DCSK系统的可靠性。
en-us	Simulation results demonstrate the superior Bit Error Rate (BER) performances of the proposed LRAM aidedMC-DCSK systems over Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and multipath fading channels.

zh-cn	该文针对量子秘密共享协议难以抵抗内部成员欺骗攻击的问题，采用秘密认证的方法提出可验证量子秘密共享协议的一般性模型，基于Bell态双粒子变换提出一种新验证算法，并以此给出一个新的可验证量子秘密共享协议。
en-us	To solve the problem that Quantum Secret Sharing (QSS) protocol is difficult to resist inner-cheating attack, by utilizing the method of secret message authentication to present a general model of verifiable quantum secret sharing protocols, a new verification algorithm is proposed based on the two-particle transform of Bell states, and then a new verifiable quantum secret sharing protocol is proposed.

zh-cn	与现有的量子秘密共享协议的验证算法相比，新验证算法既能有效抵抗内部成员欺骗攻击等典型的攻击策略，又可大幅提升协议效率，而且可以与现有量子秘密共享协议相结合，具备很好的可扩展性。
en-us	Compared with theverification algorithms of the existing verifiable quantum secret sharing protocol, the new verification algorithmcan not only resist effectively the typical attack strategies such as the inner-cheating attack, but also improvesgreatly the efficiency of the protocol, and has good scalability which can be combined with the existingquantum secret sharing protocols.

zh-cn	近年来卷积神经网络广泛应用于单幅图像去模糊问题，卷积神经网络的感受野大小、网络深度等会影响图像去模糊算法性能。
en-us	In recent years, convolutional neural networks are widely used in single image deblurring problems.The receptive field size and network depth of convolutional neural networks can affect the performance ofimage deblurring algorithms.

zh-cn	为了增大感受野以提高图像去模糊算法的性能，该文提出一种基于深度多级小波变换的图像盲去模糊算法。
en-us	In order to improve the performance of image deblurring algorithm by increasingthe receptive field, an image blind deblurring algorithm based on deep multi-level wavelet transform is proposed.

zh-cn	将小波变换嵌入编-解码结构中，在增大感受野的同时加强图像特征的稀疏性。
en-us	Embedding the wavelet transform into the encoder-decoder architecture enhances the sparsity of the imagefeatures while increasing the receptive field.

zh-cn	为在小波域重构高质量图像，该文利用多尺度扩张稠密块提取图像的多尺度信息，同时引入特征融合块以自适应地融合编-解码之间的特征。
en-us	In order to reconstruct high-quality images in the wavelet domain, the paper leverges to multi-scale dilated dense block to extract multi-scale information of images, and introduces feature fusion blocks to fuse adaptively features between encoder and decoder.

zh-cn	此外，由于小波域和空间域对图像信息的表示存在差异，为融合这些不同的特征表示，该文利用空间域重建模块在空间域进一步提高重构图像的质量。
en-us	In addition, due to the difference in representation of image information between the wavelet domain and the spatial domain, in order to fuse these different feature representations, the spatial domain reconstruction module is used to improve further the quality of the reconstructed image in the spatial domain.

zh-cn	实验结果表明该文方法在结构相似度(SSIM)和峰值信噪比(PSNR)上具有更好的性能，而且在真实模糊图像上具有更好的视觉效果。
en-us	The experimental results show that theproposed method has better performance on Structural SIMilarity index (SSIM) and Peak Signal-to-NoiseRatio, and has better visual effects on real blurred images.

zh-cn	脑电(EEG)是一种在临床上广泛应用的脑信息记录形式，其反映了脑活动中神经细胞放电产生的电场变化情况。脑电广泛应用于脑-机接口(BCI)系统。
en-us	Regarding as the measure of the electrical fields produced by the active brain, ElectroEncephalo-Graphy (EEG) is a brain mapping and neuroimaging technique widely used inside and outside of the clinicaldomain, which is also widely used in Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCI).

zh-cn	然而，研究表明脑电信息空间分辨率较低，这种缺陷可以综合分析多通道电极的脑电数据来弥补。
en-us	However, low spatial resolution isregarded as the deficiency of EEG signified from researches, which can fortunately be made up by syntheticanalysis of data from different channels.

zh-cn	为了从多通道数据中高效地获取到与运动想象任务相关的辨识特征，该文提出一种针对多通道脑电信息的卷积神经网络(MC-CNN)解码方法，
en-us	In order to efficiently obtain subspace features with discriminantcharacteristics from EEG channel information, a Multi-Channel Convolutional Neural Networks (MC-CNN)model is proposed for MI-EEG decoding.

zh-cn	先对预先选取好的多通道数据预处理后送入2维卷积神经网络(CNN)进行时间-空间特征提取，然后利用自动编码(AE)器把这些特征映射为具有辨识度的特征子空间，最后指导识别网络进行分类识别。
en-us	Firstly input data is pre-processed form selected multi-channel signals,then the time-spatial features are extracted using a novel 2D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Finally,these features are transformed to discriminant sub-space of information with Auto-Encoder (AE) to guide theidentification network.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该文所提多通道空间特征提取和构建方法在运动想象脑电任务识别性能和效率上都具有较大优势。
en-us	The experimental results show that the proposed multi-channel spatial featureextraction method has certain advantages in recognition performance and efficiency.

zh-cn	随着深度学习技术的快速发展，利用深度神经网络模型伪造出的深度假脸(deepfake)视频越来越逼真，假脸视频造成的威胁也越来越大。
en-us	With the rapid development of deep learning technology, videos with changed faces generated bydeep neural networks (i.e., Deepfake videos) become more and more indistinguishable. As a result, the threatraised by Deepfake videos becomes greater and greater.

zh-cn	文献中已出现一些基于卷积神经网络的换脸视频检测算法，他们在库内获得较好的检测效果，但跨库检测性能急剧下降，存在泛化能力不足的问题。
en-us	In literature, there are some convolutional neuralnetworks-based detection algorithms for fake face videos. Although those algorithms perform well when thetraining set and the testing set are from the same dataset, their performance could deteriorate dramatically incross-dataset scenario where the training and the testing sets are from different sources.

zh-cn	该文从假脸篡改的机制出发，将视频换脸视为特殊的拼接篡改问题，利用流行的神经分割网络首先预测篡改区域，得到预测掩膜概率图，去噪并二值化，
en-us	Motivated by the fabrication course of fake face videos, this article attempts to solve the problem of fake faces detection with the way of image splicing detection. A neural network borrowed from image segmentation is adopted for predicting the tampered face area from which a tampering mask is obtained through denoising and thresholding theprobability map.

zh-cn	然后根据换脸主要发生在人脸区域的前提，提出一种计算人脸交并比的新方法，并进一步根据换脸处理的先验知识改进人脸交并比的计算，将其作为篡改检测的分类准则。
en-us	Using the prior knowledge of face tampering that the changing of face mainly happens in faceregion, a new way is proposed to determine the Face-Intersection over Union (Face-IoU) and to further improvethe ratio calculation method.

zh-cn	所提出方法分别在3个不同的基础分割网络上实现，并在TIMIT, FaceForensics++, FFW数据库上进行了实验，
en-us	The Face-Intersection over Union with Penalty (Face-IoUP) is used as theclassification criterion for deepfake video detection. The proposed method is impletmented using threebasic image segmentation neural networks separately and is tested them on datasets of TIMIT,FaceForensics++, Fake Face in the Wild(FFW).

zh-cn	与文献中流行的同类方法相比，在保持库内检测的高准确率同时，跨库检测的平均错误率显著下降。
en-us	Compared with current methods in literature, the HTER(Half Total Error Rate) in cross-dataset test decreases significantly while the detection accuracy in intra-dataset test keeps high.

zh-cn	在近期发布的合成质量较高的DFD数据库上也获得了很好的检测性能，充分证明了所提出方法的有效性和通用性。
en-us	For the Deep Fake Detection(DFD) dataset with higher synthesis quality, the proposedmethod still performs very well. Experimental results validate the proposed method and demonstrate its goodgenerality.

zh-cn	针对分层匹配博弈不能跟踪信道变化以及循环迭代收敛慢等问题，该文提出一种基于信道定价的无线虚拟网络资源分配策略：匹配/Stackelberg分层博弈。
en-us	For the low iteration convergence rate and the disability to track the change of channels inhierarchical matching game, a new resource allocation strategy for wireless virtual networks, i.e., the channel’sprice-based hierarchical matching/Stackelberg game is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	分别以基于流带宽的用户满意度、系统带宽及切片功率作为报酬函数建立3级联合优化模型，并采用匹配/Stackelberg分层博弈求解。
en-us	A three-level joint optimization model is established on each layer reward function based on stream’s bandwidth-based user’s satisfaction, the system’s bandwidth and the slice’s power. The hierarchical matching/Stackelberg game is adopted to solve theoptimizing problem.

zh-cn	在博弈下层，定义移动虚拟网络操作者(MVNOs)m—切片n对mn及其与用户(UEs)的1对1匹配博弈以代替UEs与MVNOs的多对1匹配，对定义基于信道平均信息的切片功率价格，加速上、下一致收敛并使UEs适应信道选择最优，证明均衡点存在并给出了低复杂度的分布式拒绝-接收算法；
en-us	In the lower layer of the hierarchical game, the  is defined to present Mobile VirtualNetwork Operator(MVNO) m-InPn and one-to-one matching game between it and UEs is constructed to displace the many-to-one matching game between UEs and MVNOs, where a price based on the global information of channels is given to speed up the identical convergence between the upper and the lower layer and make UEs select the optimal  adapting the channel. After proving the existing of equilibrium, the rejecting-receiving algorithm for one-to-one matching game is proposed.

zh-cn	在博弈上层，基于UEs与已匹配关系，形成基础资源提供者(InPs)与的Stackelberg博弈，给出了基于局部信道信息的功率定价和分配策略，使系统效用及频谱效率基于信道最优。
en-us	In the upper layer of the hierarchicalgame, a Stackelberg game between the InPs and many  is formed based on the connection between thoseusers and , and an optimized power pricing and allocation strategy based on local information of channel aregiven, which makes the optimal system utility and resource utilization based on channels.

zh-cn	最后定义了双层循环稳定条件及过程。
en-us	Finally, the processfor the two-tier cycling is given and the stability of the hierarchical game is characterized.

zh-cn	仿真表明，该策略在信道跟踪、频谱效率、效用方面均优于随机定价的匹配/Stackelberg分层博弈以及传统分层匹配博弈。
en-us	Simulation resultsshow that the channel’s price-based hierarchical matching/Stackelberg game strategy outperforms the random pricing hierarchical matching/Stackelberg game and the conventional hierarchical matching gamein the aspect of tracking channel’s changing and spectrum efficiency and system’s utility.

zh-cn	截断式原模图低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)卷积码(P-LDPC-CCs)结合了原模图LDPC (P-LDPC)码和卷积码的特点，具有多变的编码构造方式和优异的纠错性能，实现了编译码低时延特性。
en-us	Terminated Protograph-based Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) Convolutional Codes (TerminatedP-LDPC-CCs), which combine the characteristics of Protograph-based LDPC (P-LDPC) codes and convolutional codes, have variable encoding constructed schemes, excellent error-correcting performance, and high-speed coding characteristics.

zh-cn	边扩展作为构造截断式原模图LDPC卷积码基础矩阵关键步骤，是影响其性能的重要因素。
en-us	As the key step of constructing Terminated P-LDPC-CCs, edge spreading is an important factor to determine the performance.

zh-cn	该文提出了一种边扩展优化方法。
en-us	In this paper, an edge spreading optimization method isproposed.

zh-cn	该方法利用原模图外信息转移(P-EXIT)算法理论分析基础矩阵的译码门限，引入差分进化思想搜索一定条件下最优的边扩展方式。
en-us	In the proposed method, the differential evolution algorithm is introduced to search the best edgespreading mode based on the decoding threshold calculated by Protograph-based EXtrinsic InformationTransfer (P-EXIT) analysis.

zh-cn	理论分析与系统仿真结果均表明所提边扩展优化方法比现有的方法具有更好的性能。
en-us	Both P-EXIT analysis and simulation results indicate that the proposed edgespreading optimization method can achieve better performance.

zh-cn	针对传统基于属性关键字搜索(ABKS)方案存在访问结构泄密、用户侧计算量高及缺乏完整性验证问题，该文提出具有隐私保护和完整性可验证的基于属性的关键字搜索方案。
en-us	To address the problems of the leakage of access structure, high computation of user side and lack of integrity verification in current Attribute-Based Keyword Search (ABKS) scheme, a verifiable attribute-based keyword search scheme with privacy preservation is proposed.

zh-cn	该方案提出了有序多值属性访问结构和有序多值属性集，固定每个属性的位置，减少参数及相关计算，提高了方案的效率，而在密钥生成时计算具体属性取值的哈希值，从而达到区别多值属性取值的不同。
en-us	The scheme adopts the ordered multi-valuedattribute access structure and ordered multi-valued attribute set, and fixes the position of each attribute toreduce the parameters and related computation cost and to improve the efficiency of the scheme, while in keygeneration, the Hash values of specific attributes are calculated to distinguish the different values of multi-valued attributes.

zh-cn	同时，采用Hash和对运算实现对访问结构的隐藏，防止访问结构泄密；
en-us	At the same time, Hash and pair operation are used to hide the access structure and preventthe disclosure of the access structure.

zh-cn	采用倒序索引结构和Merkle树建立数据认证树，可验证云服务器返回文档和外包解密结果的正确性。
en-us	The inverted index structure and Merkle tree are used to establish thedata authentication tree, which can verify the correctness of the document returned by the cloud serverprovider and the result of outsourced decryption.

zh-cn	此外，支持外包解密以降低用户侧的计算量。
en-us	In addition, outsourced decryption is used to reduce thecomputation cost on the user side.

zh-cn	安全分析和实验表明所提方案实现云中共享数据的可验证性、关键字不可区分性和关键字不可链接性，且是高效的。
en-us	Finally, formal proofs and experimental results show that the scheme achieveverifiability of shared data in the cloud, keyword undistinguishable and keyword unlinkable, and is efficient.

zh-cn	针对传统模糊C-均值聚类(FCM)算法难以对噪声图像进行分割的问题，该文提出一种快速自适应非局部空间加权与隶属度连接的模糊FCM抗噪图像分割算法。
en-us	Considering the problem of the low anti-noise performance when Fuzzy C-Means clustering (FCM)algorithm is applied to image segmentation, a FCM clustering algorithm with fast and adaptive non-local spatialconstraint and membership linking is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	首先，利用一种非局部空间信息快速计算方法，将以图像所有像素为循环的原始非局部信息计算方法，改为以搜索窗口尺寸为循环，利用空间位移图像与递归高斯滤波的计算方法，克服非局部空间信息计算复杂的问题；
en-us	Firstly, in order to increase the computing speedof non-local spatial term, a fast method is proposed by modifying the loop based on all pixels in an image into a loopbased on search window and by utilising spatial shift image and recursive Gaussian filter.

zh-cn	其次，计算原始图像与非局部信息项的差值的平方，将其作为非局部信息项的自适应权重，并将差值的平方作倒数变换，作为原始图像的自适应权重；
en-us	Next, the squared difference between original image and non-local spatial term is calculated as adaptive weight of non-local information term. The squared difference is reciprocally transformed as adaptive weight of the original image.

zh-cn	最后，将每个聚类簇中所有像素隶属度之和的对数平方加入目标函数的分母，形成隶属度连接，减少目标函数迭代次数。
en-us	Finally, the membership linking is established to reduce the iteration steps before convergence by adding thesquare of the sum of all the membership degrees in every cluster in logarithmic form as the denominator of theobjectvie function.

zh-cn	含噪人工与自然图像分割实验表明，该算法在分割准确度、平均交并比、归一化互信息、运行时间与迭代次数等性能方面优于其他几种FCM算法。
en-us	Experiments on noisy artificial and natural images prove that this proposed algorithm hassuperior performance in terms of Segmentation accuracy, mean intersection over union, normalized mutualinformation, running time and iteration steps.

zh-cn	针对传统物理不可克隆函数(PUF)产生信息熵少、易受环境因素干扰等问题，该文设计一种产生多位稳定信息熵的PUF方案。
en-us	Considering the problem of information entropy being low and easily disturbed by environmentalfactors in the traditional Physical Unclonable Function (PUF), a PUF scheme is designed to generate multiplestable information entropy.

zh-cn	该方案通过对FPGA上环形震荡器所产生频率数据的分析，从每个震荡环中提取能够代表震荡环特性的特征位作为信息熵。
en-us	By analyzing the frequency data generated by the ring oscillator on the FPGA, thefeature bits representing the characteristics of the ring are extracted from each ring as information entropy.

zh-cn	通过对逆变器温度特性的研究，利用电流饥饿逆变器和常规逆变器组成新的震荡环来降低温度对产生的信息熵的可靠性的影响。
en-us	By studying the temperature characteristics of the inverter, a new oscillating ring is formed by the current hungry inverter and the conventional inverter to reduce the influence of temperature on the reliability of the generated information entropy.

zh-cn	通过Cadence IC仿真和进行赛灵思zynq 7000系列FPGA开发平台上的实验，结果表明改进的PUF结构使用相同数量的震荡环产生更多的信息熵，并且其可靠性、唯一性均得到提升。
en-us	Through Cadence IC simulation and experiments on zynq7000 series FPGA developmentplatform, the results show that the improved PUF structure can generate more information entropy with thesame number of oscillatory rings, and its reliability and uniqueness are improved.

zh-cn	该文提出两种低复杂度的基于符号翻转的多元低密度奇偶校验码(LDPC)译码算法：改进型多元加权译码算法(Iwtd-AlgB)和基于截断型预测机制的符号翻转(TD-SFDP)算法。
en-us	Two low-complexity symbol flipping decoding algorithms, the Improved weighted-Algorithm Balgorithm (Iwtd-AlgB) and the Truncation-based Distance-Symbol-Flipping-Decoding with Prediction (TD-SFDP) algorithm, are presented for non-binary Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes.

zh-cn	Iwtd-AlgB算法利用外信息频率和距离系数的简单求和取代了迭代过程中的乘性运算操作；
en-us	For the Iwtd-AlgBalgorithm, the scaling factor of the flipping metric can be replaced by the simple sums of the extrinsicinformation and the distance-based parameter, which can avoid the multiplication operations in the iterationsand thus can reduce the decoding complexity.

zh-cn	TD-SFDP算法结合外信息频率和翻转函数特性，对译码节点和有限域符号进行截断与划分，使得只有满足条件的节点和符号参与运算与翻转预测。
en-us	For the presented TD-SFDP algorithm, the variable nodes andthe finite field symbols are truncated and classified based on the extrinsic information frequency and theflipping function. Only those nodes/symbols that satisfy the designed conditions can be involved in the messageupdating process.

zh-cn	仿真和数值结果显示，该文提出的两种算法在性能损失可控的前提下，可减少每次迭代的运算操作数，实现性能和复杂度之间的折中。
en-us	Simulations and numeric results show that, the presented two decoding algorithms can reduce the computational complexity at each iteration with a controllable performance degradation, thus can make efficient trade-offs between performance and complexity.

zh-cn	为了应对6G无线信道中的小数时延和同步误差给定位系统带来的挑战，该文提出基于频域等效的高分辨率信道方法仿真以及基于到达角(AOA)信息的高分辨率定位技术。
en-us	In order to cope with the challenges brought by the fractional delay and synchronization error in 6Gwireless channel of positioning systems, this paper proposes a high resolution channel simulation method basedon frequency domain equivalent and a high resolution positioning technology exploiting Angle Of Arrival(AOA) information.

zh-cn	前者通过将信道抽头时延转换到频域处理，在降低时域方法带来的高复杂度的同时实现了高分辨率仿真，为时延定位信息的实现提供基础；
en-us	The former achieves high resolution while reducing the high complexity brought by timedomain method due to converting channel tap delays to frequency domain to process, providing solidfoundation for accurate simulation of delay information in localization;

zh-cn	后者则通过将迭代信道估计、基于首到达径检测的AOA估计算法与基于AOA信息的位置估计算法结合起来，在同步误差下实现高精度定位。
en-us	the later achieves high positioningresolution under synchronization error by combining iterative channel estimation, AOA estimation algorithmbased on first arrival path detection and position estimation algorithm with AOA information input.

zh-cn	数值仿真结果表明，二者均在相应的实际场景下实现了高分辨率特性。
en-us	The numerical simulation results show that they both achieve optimized performance in corresponding practical scenarios.

zh-cn	随着5G移动通信网络走向商业化，围绕新一代移动通信系统(6G)的发展愿景、能力需求与关键技术开展研究正在成为新的热点。
en-us	With the commercialization of 5G mobile communication networks, researches on the developmentvision, capability requirements and key technologies of the new generation mobile communication systems (6G)are becoming new hotspots.

zh-cn	首先，该文概括了未来6G可能涉及的星地深度融合、新谱段通信、分布式协作MIMO和智能通信等关键技术方向，重点探讨了基于星地深度融合的天地一体化网络(SGIN)；
en-us	Firstly, the key technical fields are summarized that may be involved in the future6G communication, including the deep satellite-terrestrial integration, the new spectrum communication, thedistributed cooperative MIMO and intelligent communication. The Space-Ground Integration Network (SGIN)based on the deep satellite-terrestrial integration is discussed further.

zh-cn	然后，针对可能存在的两种典型网络拓扑架构，分析了星间高速链路、星地馈电链路和星地用户链路的特点和技术要求，综述了3种不同类型传输链路的高速通信进展情况。
en-us	Secondly, for the two possible networktopologies, the characteristics and technical requirements of the interstellar high-speed link, the satellite-terrestrial feeder links and the user links are analyzed. The progress of high-speed communication applied tothree different types of transmission links is summarized.

zh-cn	最后，对未来6G天地互联网络亟需突破的光学相控阵多用户接入、高效能星地激光通信和光电一体化组网等关键技术进行分析与展望，以期为后续相关研究指明方向。
en-us	In the end, the key technologies which are urgentlyneeded to break through in the SGIN are analyzed and prospected, such as the multiple-access based on opticalphased array, the high-efficiency satellite-terrestrial laser communication and the optoelectronic hybridnetworking, and the directions are pointed out for the subsequent related researches.

zh-cn	随着5G商业化和标准化的逐步推进，对6G技术的研究也提上了日程。由于其在6G无线通信系统中的巨大应用前景，物联网(IoT)技术引起了人们广泛的兴趣。
en-us	With the standardization and the commercialization of 5G, the research on 6G technology is started.The Internet-of-Things (IoT) draws substantial interests in recent years due to its great potential for severalapplications in 6G wireless communication systems.

zh-cn	面向6G的物联网网络需要允许大量设备接入并支持海量数据传输，其鲁棒性和可扩展性至关重要。
en-us	As massive access and explosive data transmission are expected, the robustness and scalability are two key aspects for 6G IoT networks.

zh-cn	在物联网中，所述“事物”(用户)可以通过采用各种多功能无线传感器实时收集环境数据。
en-us	In IoT networks, the said“things” (users) can collect environmental data in real time by adopting various multi-functional wirelesssensors.

zh-cn	通常来说，收集的数据将反馈到中央单元以进行进一步处理。
en-us	Conventionally, the collected data are feedback to a central unit for further processing.

zh-cn	但是这一机制依赖于中央单元的正常工作，鲁棒性较差。
en-us	However, the performance of this scheme relies on the normal operation of the central unit, which is not robust to the malfunction of central unit.

zh-cn	该文提出一种分布式译码算法，该算法通过让各用户之间互相协作，交换信息来实现在各个用户处完成译码。
en-us	This paper proposes a distributed decoding algorithm that the decoding is done atlocal users by enabling the cooperation and information exchange between users.

zh-cn	利用分布式译码算法，每个用户可以得到与中心化处理相似的译码性能，从而提高了网络的鲁棒性和可扩展性。
en-us	As a result, each user achievesa decoding performance similar to that of the centralized approach which improves the robustness and thescalability of the network.

zh-cn	同时，相比传统分布式译码算法，该算法不需要每个用户了解网络的拓扑结构，因此为面向6G的高动态物联网提供了技术支撑。
en-us	Meanwhile, compared to the conventional distributed decoding approach, theproposed algorithm does not require that each user has the perfect knowledge of the network topology.Therefore, the proposed algorithm lays the foundation of 6G IoT networks.

zh-cn	随着网络安全技术的发展，越来越多网络安全协议出现，因此需要网络转发设备对网络安全协议提供支持。
en-us	With the development of network security technology, network security protocol emerges one by one,which requires functional support from network forwarding devices.

zh-cn	可编程数据平面由于其协议的无关性，能够实现安全协议的快速部署。
en-us	Due to the independence of protocols, theprogrammable data plane enables rapid deployment of security protocols.

zh-cn	但当前可编程数据平面存在包头多次解析、独占数据平面和密码算法实现难的问题。
en-us	However, the current programmabledata plane has the problem that the header is parsed multiple times, the exclusive data plane and thecryptographic algorithm are difficult to implement.

zh-cn	针对上述问题，该文提出一种面向安全协议的虚拟化可编程数据平面(VCP4)，其通过引入描述头降低包头解析次数，提高包头解析效率。
en-us	In view of the above problems, VCP4(VirtualizationCryptogram P4) as a virtualized programmable data plane for security protocols is proposed, which reduces thenumber of parsing times and improves the header parsing efficiency by introducing a description header.

zh-cn	使用控制流队列生成器和动态映射表实现可编程数据平面的虚拟化，实现多租户下数据平面的隔离，解决独占数据平面问题。
en-us	The control flow queue generator and the dynamic mapping table are used to achieve the virtualization of the programmable data plane, thereby realizing the isolation of the data plane under the multi-tenant and solving the problem of the exclusive data plane.

zh-cn	在VCP4的语言编译器中添加密码算法原语，实现密码算法可重用。
en-us	A cryptographic algorithm primitive is added to the VCP4 languagecompiler to implement a cryptographic algorithm that can be reused.

zh-cn	最后针对VCP4资源利用率，虚拟化性能和安全协议性能进行实验评估，结果显示在实现功能的基础上带来较小的性能损失，且能降低50%的代码量。
en-us	Finally, the VCP4 resource utilization,virtualization performance and security protocol performance are evaluated. The results show that theimplementation of VCP4 brings less performance loss, and the code amount can be reduced by 50%.

zh-cn	该文从频率域电磁法满足的控制方程出发，采用有限单元法实现了频率域2.5维探地雷达(GPR)正演模拟。
en-us	Based on the governing equations satisfied by the electromagnetic method of the frequency domain, the finite element method is used to realize the forward simulation of 2.5-Dimensional a (2.5D) Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) in the frequency domain.

zh-cn	重点分析了波数域电磁场谱随相对介电常数和收发距变化的规律，探讨了2.5维GPR正演模拟的波数选取问题；
en-us	The law of the electromagnetic field spectrum in thewavenumber domain with the relative permittivity and the transmission and reception distance is analyzed indetail. The selection of the wave number in the 2.5D GPR forward modeling simulation is discussed.

zh-cn	基于Open MP并行算法与串行算法的计算效率对比，表明频率域2.5维GPR数值模拟方法具有高效率、高精度和高度并行性的特点，为雷达正演提供重要理论参考依据和技术支撑，是GPR全波形反演的重要基础。
en-us	Based on the comparison of the computational efficiency of the Open MP parallel algorithm and the serial algorithm, the results show that the 2.5D GPR numerical simulation method in the frequency domain has the characteristics of high efficiency, high precision, and high parallelism. It provides important theoretical reference and technicalsupport for radar forward modeling, and provides an important foundation for GPR full waveform inversion.

zh-cn	针对高频场景(>52.6 GHz)面临的主要问题：路径损耗比较大、功率放大器的效率比较低和相位噪声比较高等，该文设计了一种高频场景候选波形方案。
en-us	A candidate waveform scheme is designed to deal with the main problems in the high-frequencyscenarios (>52.6 GHz) such as relatively large path loss, low efficiency of power amplifier and high phase noise.

zh-cn	该候选波形方案包括基本符号结构的增强设计、发射端和接收端结构的增强设计，以及尾部序列长度可变方案设计等。
en-us	This candidate waveform scheme designs the enhanced fundamental symbol structure, the enhanced transmitterand the receiver structure, and tail sequence length variable schemes.

zh-cn	相比于5G现有波形DFT-s-OFDM，该文提出的高频场景候选波形方案具有更高的频谱效率。
en-us	Compared with the 5G waveform DFT-s-OFDM, the proposed candidate waveform scheme improves the spectrum efficiency.

zh-cn	仿真结果显示该候选波形方案具有峰均比低、相位噪声估计效果好和带外泄漏小等优点。
en-us	The simulation resultsshow that the candidate waveform scheme has lower peak-to-average power ratio, better phase noise estimationand compensation effect, and lower out-of-band leakage.

zh-cn	中值滤波是经典图像处理中的基本滤波方法，然而在量子图像处理中相关模型尚不多见。
en-us	Median filtering is the basic filtering method in classical image processing. However, thecorresponding models are still rare in quantum image processing.

zh-cn	为解决量子图像的中值滤波问题，该文提出了基于量子中值计算的新方法。
en-us	To address the median filtering of quantumimages, a new method based on quantum median calculation is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法采用迭代比较的方法将目标像素排序，进而得到中值。
en-us	The method uses an iterativecomparison method to sort the target pixels to obtain a median value.

zh-cn	文中首先介绍了实现中值滤波所需的各种基本模块的量子线路，然后重点介绍了中值计算的量子实现方法，最后给出了量子图像中值滤波的总体线路框架。
en-us	Firstly, the quantum circuits of variousbasic modules needed to implement median filtering are introduced. Then the quantum implementation methodof median calculation is presented in detail. Finally, the overall circuit frame of quantum image median filteringis given.

zh-cn	复杂度分析表明该方法具有对经典算法的指数加速。
en-us	The complexity analysis shows that the method has exponential acceleration for its classicalcounterpart.

zh-cn	经典计算机上的仿真结果验证了提出方法的有效性及可行性。
en-us	The simulation results on the classical computer verify the validity and feasibility of the proposedmethod.

zh-cn	在非均匀杂波和密集目标环境下，由于没有足够的独立同分布(IID)训练样本，传统空时自适应处理(STAP)方法的杂波抑制性能严重下降。
en-us	Due to lack of enough Independent Identically Distributed (IID) training samples, it seriouslydegrades the clutter suppression performance of the traditional Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP)algorithms in heterogeneous clutter and target rich environment.

zh-cn	针对以上问题，该文提出一种对阵元误差稳健的机载面阵雷达非均匀杂波抑制方法。
en-us	To solve the problem, a heterogeneous cluttersuppression method for the airborne plane array radar is proposed, which is robust to the array error.

zh-cn	该方法首先根据雷达系统参数先验知识构造杂波表示基矩阵。
en-us	Firstly,the clutter representation basis matrix is constructed by the radar system parameters priori knowledge.

zh-cn	然后在考虑阵元误差的情况下，基于最小二乘准则迭代地估计杂波表示系数和阵元误差，
en-us	Next,with the consideration of array error, it estimates iteratively the clutter representation coefficient and arrayerror by the least square criterion.

zh-cn	最后利用估计得到的最优杂波表示系数和阵元误差直接在阵元脉冲域进行杂波对消。
en-us	Finally, the clutter cancellation is conducted by the obtained optimal clutterrepresentation coefficient and array error in element-pulse domain.

zh-cn	该方法无须估计待检测单元统计特性；没有孔径损失；
en-us	The proposed method does not need to estimate the statistical properties of cell under test and has no aperture loss.

zh-cn	不需要训练样本；即使在距离模糊情况下也能有效地抑制密集目标环境下机载面阵雷达回波数据中的非均匀杂波。
en-us	In addition, it does not need anytraining sample and can suppress effectively the heterogeneous clutter of airborne planar array radar echo datain rich target environment even if range ambiguity exists.

zh-cn	仿真结果验证了该文方法的有效性。
en-us	Simulation results verify the validity of the proposed method.

zh-cn	近年来，采用孪生网络提取深度特征的方法由于其较好的跟踪精度和速度，成为目标跟踪领域的研究热点之一，
en-us	In recent years, the method of extracting depth features from siamese networks has become one of thehotspots in visual tracking because of its balanced in accuracy and speed.

zh-cn	但传统的孪生网络并未提取目标较深层特征来保持泛化性能，并且大多数孪生网络只提取局部领域特征，这使得模型对于外观变化是非鲁棒和局部的。
en-us	However, the traditional siamesenetwork does not extract the deeper features of the target to maintain generalization performance, and mostsiamese architecture networks usually process one local neighborhood at a time, which makes the appearancemodel local and non-robust to appearance changes.

zh-cn	针对此，该文提出一种引入全局上下文特征模块的DenseNet孪生网络目标跟踪算法。
en-us	In view of this problem, a densenet-siamese network withglobal context feature module for object tracking algorithm is proposed.

zh-cn	该文创新性地将DenseNet网络作为孪生网络骨干，采用一种新的密集型特征重用连接网络设计方案，在构建更深层网络的同时减少了层之间的参数量，提高了算法的性能，
en-us	This paper innovatively takes densenetnetwork as the backbone of siamese network, adopts a new design scheme of dense feature reuse connectionnetwork, which reduces the parameters between layers while constructing deeper network, and enhances thegeneralization performance of the algorithm.

zh-cn	此外，为应对目标跟踪过程中的外观变化，该文将全局上下文特征模块(GC-Model)嵌入孪生网络分支，提升算法跟踪精度。
en-us	In addition, in order to cope with the appearance changes in theprocess of object tracking, the Global Context feature Module (GC-Model) is embedded in the siamese networkbranches to improve the tracking accuracy.

zh-cn	在VOT2017和OTB50数据集上的实验结果表明，与当前较为主流的算法相比，该文算法在跟踪精度和鲁棒性上有明显优势，在尺度变化、低分辨率、遮挡等情况下具有良好的跟踪效果，且达到实时跟踪要求。
en-us	The experimental results on the VOT2017 and OTB50 datasetsshow that comparing with the current mainstream tracking algorithms, the Tracker has obvious advantages intracking accuracy and robustness, and has good tracking effect in scale change, low resolution, occlusion and soon.

zh-cn	针对极化码译码延迟较高的问题, 该文提出了一种针对置信度传播算法的早期停止准则，通过监测码字估值 的收敛性来终止译码。
en-us	Considering the high decoding latency of polar code, an early stopping criterion for belief propagationis presented, which terminates the decoding by monitoring the convergence of codeword estimate .

zh-cn	该准则利用高斯近似分析选取码字中Q个出错概率较小的比特构成比较空间，由于比较的位数较少，且仅采用异或和或运算，其计算复杂度较低。
en-us	In thispaper, Gaussian approximation is used to analyze and select Q bit with low error probability to construct thecomparison space. Because the number of bit to be compared is small and only XOR and OR operation is used,the computational complexity is low.

zh-cn	与基于信息序列估值 的方案不同，提出的准则在计算 之前已完成检测，不会导致额外的译码延迟。
en-us	Different from other criteria based on , the proposed criterion does notlead to additional latency for it has been completed before calculating .

zh-cn	仿真和FPGA综合结果表明:该准则相对于G-Matrix, 最坏信息位(WIB)和冻结位误码率(FBER)可有效节省硬件资源；
en-us	Simulation and FPGA Synthesisresults show that compared with G-matrix, Worst Information Bit (WIB) and Frozen Bit Error Rate (FBER),this criterion can effectively save hardware resource.

zh-cn	当最大迭代次数设置为40次时，相比于G-Matrix准则，复杂度下降的代价是平均迭代次数在3.5 dB处上升了29.98%，相比于WIB和FBER方案，平均迭代次数分别减少39.44%和27.67%。
en-us	When the maximum iteration number is set to 40,compared with the G-matrix criterion, the average iteration time is increased by 29.98% at 3.5 dB, and theaverage iteration times are reduced by 39.44% and 27.67% respectively compared with the WIB and FBERschemes.

zh-cn	在进行扩频系统设计时，有时需要分析系统的抗干扰能力，但现有的文献中关于直接序列扩频系统的抗宽带干扰能力、抗部分频带干扰能力说法不一致，提供的误比特率(BER)公式也互相不一致。
en-us	When designing a spread spectrum system, it is sometimes necessary to analyze the anti-interferenceability of the system. However, the existing literature on the anti-wideband interference capability and the ability to resist partial frequency band interference of the Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) system are different, and the Bit Error Rate (BER) formulas provided are different,

zh-cn	该文通过理论推导给出了直接序列扩频系统在宽带干扰、部分频带干扰下更具一般意义的误比特率公式，并通过计算机仿真验证了该公式的正确性。
en-us	the general BER formula of direct sequence spread spectrum system under wideband interference and partial frequency band interference is given by theoretical derivation. The correctness of the formula is verified by computer simulation.

zh-cn	最后利用该文给出的公式对直扩系统的性能随干扰频点、干扰带宽的变化趋势做了分析。
en-us	Finally, theperformance of the DSSS system with the interference frequency and the interference bandwidth is analyzedusing the formula given in this paper.

zh-cn	在设备到设备(D2D)通信辅助的窄带物联网(NB-IoT)中，为了尽可能提高传输成功率，D2D接收端需要预留较多的通信时隙(可以允许多次重传)。
en-us	In the Device-to-Device (D2D) communication assisted Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT), inorder to maximize the transmission success probability, the D2D relay device needs to reserve morecommunication time slots (multiple retransmissions can be allowed to increase the transmission successprobability).

zh-cn	然而，这显著地增加了用户设备(UE)的能耗，特别是在信道条件较差或者相邻D2D链路干扰较严重的情况下。
en-us	However, this increases significantly the power consumption of the User Equipment (UE),especially in the case of poor channel conditions or severe interference.

zh-cn	该文基于中继和能耗模型构造了一个传输成功率和能耗折中的优化问题，进而提出一个基于二分法的通信时隙最优配置算法。
en-us	An optimization problem based on therelay and energy consumption models is constructed to seek a compromise between transmission successprobability and energy consumption, and a communication slot optimal configuration algorithm based ondichotomy is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	数值结果表明较多的预留时隙数量极大地增加了UE的能耗，但是不会显著提高传输成功率，
en-us	The numerical results show that the larger number of reserved time slotscan lead to an excessive increase in energy consumption without significantly increasing the transmissionsuccess probability.

zh-cn	与多中继传输、随机中继传输和100%成功传输等其他算法相比，该文提出的预留时隙最优配置算法获得了最小的能耗和几乎最大的传输成功率(只比100%成功传输方案低)。
en-us	Compared with other algorithms such as multi-relay transmission, random relaytransmission and 100% successful transmission, the proposed reserved time slot optimal configuration algorithmcan obtain the least energy consumption and almost the highest transmission success probability (it is onlylower than that under 100% successful transmission scheme).

zh-cn	该文利用色集合事先分配法、构造染色法、反证法讨论了完全三部图K2,4,p的点可区别IE-全染色问题，确定了K2,4,p的点可区别IE-全色数。
en-us	Vertex-distinguishing IE-total colorings of complete tripartite graphs K2,4,p are discussed by using themethods of distributing the color sets in advance, constructing the colorings and contradiction. The vertex-distinguishing IE-total chromatic numbers of K2,4,p are determined.

zh-cn	该文利用色集事先分配法、构造染色法、反证法探讨了完全三部图K4,4,p (p≥1008)的点可区别IE-全染色问题，确定了K4,4,p (p≥1008)的点可区别IE-全染色数。
en-us	The vertex-distinguishing IE-total coloring of complete tripartite graphs K4,4,p (p≥1008) is discussed,by using of the methods of distributing the color sets in advance, constructing the colorings and contradiction.The vertex-distinguishing IE-total chromatic number of K4,4,p (p≥1008) is determined.

zh-cn	在密集异构蜂窝网络和无线局域网络构成的超密集异构无线网络中, 变速移动的车辆终端会面临更加频繁的切换，导致用户服务质量(QoS)变差。
en-us	In the ultra-dense heterogeneous wireless network composed of heterogeneous cellular networks and wireless local area networks, vehicle terminals with variable speeds will face more frequent handovers, resulting in the deterioration of user’s Quality of Service (QoS).

zh-cn	该文针对上述问题，首先，利用高斯马尔可夫移动模型，预测车辆下一时刻的位置，筛选出满足终端服务质量的候选网络集，与当前的候选网络集做交运算，
en-us	For the above problems, firstly, the Gauss Markovmobility model is used to predict the position of the vehicle terminal at the next moment, and the candidatenetwork set that meets the terminal service quality is selected to make the intersection with the currentcandidate network set.

zh-cn	其次，当前接入网络不在交集中，则使用变步长的萤火虫算法寻找最佳网络；
en-us	Secondly, if the current access network is not in the intersection, the variable-step fireflyalgorithm is used to find the best network.

zh-cn	再次，对因预测误差导致的切换失效，则把终端用户迁移到宏蜂窝，以保证通信的持续性。
en-us	Thirdly, the terminal that fails to switch due to the prediction erroris migrated to the macro cellular to ensure the continuity of communication.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，在超密集异构无线网络中，使用该文所提算法能够减少乒乓切换等频繁切换现象，同时，提升了用户的服务质量和网络吞吐量。
en-us	Simulation results show that theproposed algorithm can reduce the frequent handoff phenomenon, such as ping pong handoff in the ultra-denseheterogeneous wireless network. Meanwhile, it can improve the user service quality and network throughput.

zh-cn	认证协议的设计是目前车载自组网(VANET)安全领域的研究热点。
en-us	The design of authentication protocol is a hot topic in the field of the security of Vehicular Ad hocNETwork (VANET).

zh-cn	现有的认证方案中普遍存在密钥托管带来的安全问题，以及使用计算量大的双线性对导致认证效率很低。针对以上问题，该文提出可证明安全的无证书批认证方案，方案中车辆的密钥由车辆自身和一个密钥生成中心共同生成，解决密钥需要托管给第三方维护的问题；
en-us	There are security problems caused by key escrow in the existing authentication schemes.In order to solve this problem and achieve secure and efficient verification, an efficient pairing-freecertificateless authentication scheme with batch verification is proposed, in which the key of the vehicle isgenerated by the vehicle itself and a key generation center, which solves the problem that the key needs to bemanaged to the third party for maintenance.

zh-cn	方案的签名构造不使用计算量大的对运算，减少了计算开销；引入批认证来减少路边设施的认证负担，提高认证效率。
en-us	The bilinear pairing operation, one of the most complexoperations in modern cryptography, is not used in the generation of vehicle’s signatures to reduce thecomputation cost of message verification.

zh-cn	基于求解椭圆曲线上的离散对数问题的困难性假设，在随机预言机模型中证明了该方案可以抵抗自适应选择消息和身份攻击，从而抵抗更改攻击和假冒攻击，并具有匿名性、可追踪性等特点。
en-us	Unforgebility of the schemes against adaptively chosen-message and identity attack is proved under the difficulty of computing the discrete logarithm problem in the random oracle model to guarantee resistancy against modification and impersonation attacks, and has the characteristics of anonymity and traceability.

zh-cn	与现有方案相比，该方案实现了更高效的认证。
en-us	Compared to the existing schemes, the proposed scheme is more efficient.

zh-cn	针对当前分支混淆方法仅对整数比较分支有效的缺陷，该文分析浮点数二进制表示与大小比较的关系，证明了浮点数二进制区间的前缀集合与浮点数区间内数据之间具有前缀匹配关系。
en-us	For the faultiness that the recent branch obfuscation method is only efficient on branch conditionformed by integer comparison. The relations between the binary representation and big or small comparison offloats are analyzed.

zh-cn	使用哈希函数对前缀集合进行保护，利用哈希函数的单向性实现对抗符号执行，通过哈希值比对替换浮点数比较，提出一种基于前缀哈希值比较的分支条件混淆技术，实现了一种在符号执行对抗和混淆还原对抗上具有较强对抗性的混淆方法。
en-us	The idea that the floats in float interval has prefix matching relation with the prefix setwhich comes from the binary representation interval of the floats is proved. By protecting the prefix set withHash function, and based on the comparison of prefix-Hash, a new branch obfuscation method which works well on the branch formed by float number comparison is proposed.The new obfuscation method is powerful on symbolic execution combating and obfuscation recovery combating.

zh-cn	最后，通过实验证和分析，证实了该文提出的混淆方法有消耗小、能够有效对抗符号执行和混淆还原的优点，具备较好的实用性。
en-us	At last, the obfuscation proposed in this paper is confirmed to be practical, and is useful to be against symbolic execution and obfuscation recovery.

zh-cn	为了提高在高密度信号环境下对二次监视雷达(SSR)应答信号的接收性能，该文提出一种将信源数估计和信号到达方向(DOA)估计相结合构建分离矩阵实现交叠信号分离的算法。
en-us	In order to improve the reception performance of Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) replies in high-density signal environment, a separation algorithm is proposed, which constructs the separating matrix withestimating the source number and the Direction Of Arrival (DOA) of signal.

zh-cn	首先根据交叠信号量测的特征值分布来确定交叠信号的个数；
en-us	Firstly, the number of overlappingsignals is determined with the eigenvalues distribution of the measurements.

zh-cn	然后利用MUSIC算法作谱峰搜索得到各信号的DOA，并重构混合矩阵；
en-us	Secondly, the mixing matrix withthe DOA of signals, which is estimated by peak value searching in MUSIC algorithm.

zh-cn	最后通过计算混合矩阵的广义逆得到分离矩阵，并实现对交叠信号的分离。
en-us	Finally, the separatingmatrix is estimated by calculating the Moore-Penrose inverse of the reconstructed mixing matrix, achievingseparation of overlapping signals.

zh-cn	以6阵元均匀线阵为前提进行仿真分析，结果表明所提分离算法可达到90%以上的分离成功率，分离性能和独立成分分析(ICA)算法相当，优于基于投影技术分离算法(PA)，但计算量远小于ICA算法，不足ICA算法计算量1/10，更易于工程化应用。
en-us	Simulation is done based on uniform linear array with 6 elements. The resultsshow that the proposed separation algorithm can achieve more than 90% success rate to separate two short ModeS replies, and the separating performance is similar to the Independent Component Analysis (ICA) algorithmand is better than Projection Algorithm (PA). The amount of calculation is less than 10 percent of ICAalgorithm, thus the proposed separation algorithm is easier to engineering application.

zh-cn	行人重识别的关键依赖于行人特征的提取，卷积神经网络具有强大的特征提取以及表达能力。
en-us	The key to person re-identification depends on the extraction of pedestrian characteristics.Convolutional neural networks have powerful feature extraction and expression capabilities.

zh-cn	针对不同尺度下可以观察到不同的特征，该文提出一种基于多尺度和注意力网络融合的行人重识别方法(MSAN)。
en-us	In view of the factthat different features can be observed at different scales, a pedestrian re-identification method based on Multi-Scale Attention Network(MSAN) fusion is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法通过对网络不同深度的特征进行采样，将采样的特征融合后对行人进行预测。
en-us	This method samples the features at different depths ofthe network and fuses the sampled features to predict pedestrians.

zh-cn	不同深度的特征图具有不同的表达能力，使网络可以学习到行人身上更加细粒度的特征。
en-us	Feature maps of different depths havedifferent expressive powers, enabling the network to learn more fine-grained features of pedestrians.

zh-cn	同时将注意力模块嵌入到残差网络中，使得网络能更加关注于一些关键信息，增强网络特征学习能力。
en-us	At the same time, the attention module is embedded in the residual network, so that the network can pay more attention to some key information and enhance the network feature learning ability.

zh-cn	所提方法在Market1501, DukeMTMC-reID和MSMT17_V1数据集上首位准确率分别到了95.3%, 89.8%和82.2%。
en-us	The accuracy of the proposed method on the datasets such as Market1501, DukeMTMC-reID and MSMT17_V1 reaches 95.3%,89.8% and 82.2%, respectively.

zh-cn	实验表明，该方法充分利用了网络不同深度的信息和关注的关键信息，使模型具有很强的判别能力，而且所提模型的平均准确率优于大多数先进算法。
en-us	Experiments show that the method makes full use of the information of different depths of the network and the key information of interest, so that the model has strong discriminating ability, and the average accuracy of the proposed model is better than most state-of-the-art algorithms.

zh-cn	神经网络的深度在一定范围内与识别效果成正相关，
en-us	The depth of neural network is positively correlated with the recognition effect in a certain range.

zh-cn	为解决超出范围后网络层数增加识别准确率却下降的模型饱和问题，该文提出一种具有高效的微块内部结构和残差网络结构的神经网络模型，用于对舰船目标基于高分辨距离像的分类识别。
en-us	In order to solve the problem that model recognition accuracy decreases when the number of network layers increases after exceeding the range. A neural network model with efficient micro internal blocks structure and residual network structure is proposed, which is used for recognition of ship targets based on High RangeResolution Profile (HRRP) data.

zh-cn	该方法利用具有小尺度卷积核的卷积模块提取目标的稳定可分特征，同时利用联合损失函数约束目标特征的类内距离提高识别能力。
en-us	In this method, the convolution module with a small scale convolution kernelis used to extract automatically the stable and separable features of target. And the intra-class distance of thetarget is constrained by the joint loss function to improve the recognition ability.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该模型相比于其他常见网络结构，在模型参数更少的情况下，识别效果更好，同时具有较强的噪声鲁棒性。
en-us	Simulation results show thatcompared with other common network structures, this model has better recognition performance and strongernoise robustness with fewer model parameters.

zh-cn	针对现有的密钥生成方案需要在通信流程中增加额外的密钥协商协议，导致在5G等标准通信系统中应用受限的问题，该文提出一种基于极化码的无协商密钥物理层安全传输方案。
en-us	The existing key generation scheme requires additional key reconciliation protocol in acommunication process, resulting in the limited application to the communication system, such as the Fifth-Generation mobile communication (5G). A physical layer secure transmission scheme with a joint polar codeand non-reconciliation secret keys is proposed.

zh-cn	首先基于信道特征提取未协商的物理层密钥，然后针对物理信道与密钥加密信道共同构成的等效信道设计极化码，最后利用未协商的物理层密钥对编码后的序列进行简单的模二加加密后传输。
en-us	Firstly, the non-reconciliation physical layer keys are extracted from the channel feature, and then the polar code is designed based on the equivalent channel, which is formed by the physical channel and the key encryption channel. Finally, the encoded sequence is simply modular plusencrypted and transmitted using the non-reconciliation physical layer key.

zh-cn	该方案通过针对性设计的极化码纠正密钥差异和噪声引起的比特错误，实现可靠的安全传输。
en-us	Key differences and noise-induced biterrors are corrected through a targeted design of polarization codes to achieve reliable and secure transmission.

zh-cn	仿真表明，该文基于等效信道设计的极化码在保证合法双方以最优的码率可靠传输的同时可以防止窃听者窃听，实现了安全与通信的一体化。
en-us	The simulation shows that the polar code based on the equivalent channel can ensure the reliable transmission between two legitimate users at the optimal code rate.

zh-cn	针对无线传感器网络中恶意节点产生的选择性转发攻击行为，该文提出一种有效的攻击检测方法。
en-us	For the selective forwarding attack behavior generated by malicious nodes in wireless sensor networks, an efficient detection method is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法将简化云模型引入信任评估中，结合改进的K/N投票算法确定目标节点的信任值，将目标节点信任值与信任阈值比较，进行选择性转发攻击节点的判定。
en-us	The simplified cloud model is introduced into the trustevaluation model, and the improved K/N voting algorithm is used to obtain the trust value of the target node.Then, the trust value of the target node is compared with the trust threshold to identify the attack node.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，当信任阈值为0.8时，经过5个时间段后，该方法能够有效地检测出网络中的选择性转发攻击节点，具有较高的检测率和较低的误检率。
en-us	The simulation results show that when the trust threshold is 0.8 and after 5 time periods, the proposed method can effectively detect the selective forwarding attack nodes, and it has high detection rate and low fault rate.

zh-cn	为了抑制一定频带内的平行板和腔体谐振模式，提高功率放大器工作的稳定性。该文提出了一种人工磁导体(AMC)边界作为腔体封装的Ka波段固态功率放大模块。
en-us	In order to dampen the parallel plate modes and cavity modes within the frequency range of interest,and improve the stability of power amplifiers, a Ka-band solid-state power amplifier module, which is packagedwith an Artificial Magnetic Conductors (AMC) boundary is presented in this paper.

zh-cn	人工磁导体边界通过周期性金属销钉构成的电磁带隙(EBG)抑制结构实现。
en-us	The AMC boundary is realized with Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) which is constructed by a period of metal nails in this paper.

zh-cn	对Ka波段固态功率模块进行了设计、加工、装配和测试。
en-us	A Ka-band solid-state power amplifier module is designed, fabricated, assembled and measured.

zh-cn	由仿真和测试得到的S参数数据，详细地评估讨论了该封装的性能。
en-us	Performances of the packages are evaluated and discussed in detail on the basis of a series of S-parameter simulations and measurements.

zh-cn	通过对比其他封装结构，功率模块的无源测试结果证明金属销钉封装可以有效抑制腔体谐振，提高功放模块隔离度。
en-us	By compare with other packaging conditions, an improved module isolation and a suppressed cavity resonance are observed from passive measured results.

zh-cn	功率模块的有源功率测试则表明金属销钉封装不会影响放大器输出功率。
en-us	Active measured results indicate that the packagedoes not interfere with output power of the amplifier.

zh-cn	针对目前极化码参数盲识别问题，该文提出一种基于零空间矩阵匹配的极化码参数盲识别算法。
en-us	To solve the problem of blind identification of polar codes’ parameters, a blind recognition algorithmof polar codes based on zero space matrix matching is proposed.

zh-cn	由于极化码生成矩阵的构造是确定的，其生成矩阵都是满秩的方阵，该算法首先利用极化码编码中信道可靠性估计删除生成矩阵中冻结位码字对应的行，
en-us	The construction of polar codes’ generationmatrix is certain, and all the generation matrices are full rank square matrices, first the rows corresponding tothe frozen bit codes are deleted by using the channel reliability estimation in the polar code encoding.

zh-cn	再找出该矩阵在二元域中的零空间矩阵作为该码长下的监督矩阵，用不同长度码长的监督矩阵与待检测的码字迭代相乘，根据乘积结果中“1”的比例来判断码字的码长、信息位个数和位置分布。
en-us	Then, the null space matrix of this matrix in the binary field is found out as the supervision matrix under the code length.The code word is iteratively multipied by the supervision matrix of different code lengths, according to the proportion of "1" in the product result, the code length, number and position distribution of information bits of the code word are determined.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，针对200组码长64，信息位个数30的极化码，在最大误比特率不超过0.06时，识别率能保持在80%以上。
en-us	The simulation results show that for the 200 groups of polar code with 64-code-length and 30-information-bits, the recognition rate can be kept above 80% when the maximum bit error rate isless than 0.06.

zh-cn	面对形态万千、变化复杂的海量极光数据，对其进行分类与检索为进一步研究地球磁场物理机制和空间信息具有重要意义。
en-us	It is of great significance to classify and retrieve the vast amount of aurora data with various forms and complex changes for the further study of the physical mechanism of the geomagnetic field and spatial information.

zh-cn	该文基于卷积神经网络(CNN)对图像特征提取方面的良好表现，以及哈希编码可以满足大规模图像检索对检索时间的要求，提出一种端到端的深度哈希算法用于极光图像分类与检索。
en-us	In this paper, an end-to-end deep hashing algorithm for aurora image classification and retrieval isproposed based on the good performance of CNN in image feature extraction and the fact that hash coding canmeet the retrieval time requirment of large-scale image retrieval.

zh-cn	首先在CNN中嵌入空间金字塔池化(SPP)和幂均值变换(PMT)来提取图像中多种尺度的区域信息；
en-us	Firstly, Spatial Pyramidal Pooling(SPP) andPower Mean Transformtion(PMT) are embedded in Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to extract multi-scaleregion information in the image.

zh-cn	其次在全连接层之间加入哈希层，将全连接层最能表现图像的高维语义信息映射为紧凑的二值哈希码，并在低维空间使用汉明距离对图像对之间的相似性进行度量；
en-us	Secondly, a Hash layer is added between the fully connected layer to MeanAverage Precision(MAP) the high-dimensional semantic information that can best represent the image into acompact binary Hash code, and the hamming distance is used to measure the similarity between the imagepairs in the low-dimensional space.

zh-cn	最后引入多任务学习机制，充分利用图像标签信息和图像对之间的相似度信息来设计损失函数，联合分类层和哈希层的损失作为优化目标，使哈希码之间可以保持更好的语义相似性，有效提升了检索性能。
en-us	Finally, a multi-task learning mechanism is introduced to design the lossfuction by making full use of similarity informtion between the image label information and the image pairs.The loss of classification layer and Hash layer are combined as the optimization objective, so that a bettersemantic similarity between Hash code can be maintained, and the retrieval performance can be effectivelyimproved.

zh-cn	在极光数据集和 CIFAR-10 数据集上的实验结果表明，所提出方法检索性能优于其他现有检索方法，同时能够有效用于极光图像分类。
en-us	The results show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-art retrieval algorithms onaurora dataset and CIFAR-10 datasets, and it can also be used in aurora image classification effectively.

zh-cn	针对当前关于服务功能链(SFC)的部署问题都未考虑到虚拟网络功能(VNF)的失效重要度，该文提出了基于深度强化学习的SFC可靠部署算法。
en-us	In view of the current deployment of the Service Function Chain (SFC), the failure importance of theVirtual Network Function (VNF) is not considered,an SFC reliable deployment algorithm based on deepreinforcement learning is proposed.

zh-cn	首先建立VNF和虚拟链路可靠映射模型，为重要的VNF设置高可靠性需求，并通过链路部署长度限制尽可能保证虚拟链路可靠性需求。
en-us	Firstly, a reliable mapping model of VNF and virtual links is establised,high reliability requirements is set for important VNFs, and the reliability requirements of virtual links isensured as much as possible through link deployment length restrictions.

zh-cn	其次，以负载均衡为资源协调原则，与VNF可靠性联合优化，最终使用深度强化学习得到服务功能链部署策略。
en-us	Secondly, taking load balancing as theresource coordination principle, joint optimization the VNF reliability is jointly optimized. Finally, the deepreinforcement learning is used to get the service function chain deployment strategy.

zh-cn	另外，提出了基于重要度的节点备份和链路备份策略，用于应对部署过程中VNF/链路可靠性难以满足的情况。
en-us	In addition, node backupand link backup strategies based on importance are proposed to deal with situations where VNF/link reliabilityis difficult to meet during deployment.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该文的可靠部署算法在保证可靠性需求的基础上能够有效减少SFC失效损失，同时使虚拟网络更加稳定可靠。
en-us	Simulation results show that the reliable deployment algorithm in thispaper can effectively reduce the failure SFC loss on the basis of ensuring the reliability requirements, and at thesame time make the virtual network more stable and reliable.

zh-cn	尽管由于丢弃维度将3维(3D)形状投影到2维(2D)视图看似是不可逆的，但是从可视化到计算机辅助几何设计，各个垂直行业对3维重建技术的兴趣正迅速增长。
en-us	While projecting 3D shapes to 2D images is irreversible due to the abandoned dimension amid the projection process, there are rapidly growing interests across various vertical industries for 3D reconstruction techniques, from visualization purposes to computer aided geometric design.

zh-cn	传统基于物体深度图或者RGB图的3维重建算法虽然可以在一些方面达到令人满意的效果，但是它们仍然面临若干问题：(1)粗鲁的学习2D视图与3D形状之间的映射；
en-us	The traditional 3D reconstructionapproaches based on depth map or RGB image can synthesize visually satisfactory 3D objects, while theygenerally suffer from several problems:

zh-cn	(2)无法解决物体不同视角下外观差异所带来的的影响；(3)要求物体多个观察视角下的图像。
en-us	(1)The 2D to 3D learning strategy is brutal-force; (2)Unable to solve theeffects of differences in appearance from different viewpoints of objects; (3)Multiple images from distinctlydifferent viewpoints are required.

zh-cn	该文提出一个端到端的视图感知3维(VA3D)重建网络解决了上述问题。
en-us	In this paper, an end-to-end View-Aware 3D (VA3D) reconstruction network is proposed to address the above problems.

zh-cn	具体而言，VA3D包含多邻近视图合成子网络和3D重建子网络。
en-us	In particular, the VA3D includes a multi-neighbor-view synthesissub-network and a 3D reconstruction sub-network.

zh-cn	多邻近视图合成子网络基于物体源视图生成多个邻近视角图像，且引入自适应融合模块解决了视角转换过程中出现的模糊或扭曲等问题。
en-us	The multi-neighbor-view synthesis sub-network generatesmultiple neighboring viewpoint images based on the object source view, while the adaptive fusional module isadded to resolve the blurry and distortion issues in viewpoint translation.

zh-cn	3D重建子网络使用循环神经网络从合成的多视图序列中恢复物体3D形状。
en-us	The 3D reconstruction sub-networkintroduces a recurrent neural network to recover the object 3D shape from multi-view sequence.

zh-cn	通过在ShapeNet数据集上大量定性和定量的实验表明，VA3D有效提升了基于单视图的3维重建结果。
en-us	Extensive qualitative and quantitative experiments on the ShapeNet dataset show that the VA3D effectively improves the3D reconstruction results based on single-view.

zh-cn	针对在雷达通信一体化(RadCom)系统中正交频分复用(OFDM)共享信号通信速率不高、可靠性较差的问题，该文提出一种采用子载波索引调制(IM)的OFDM共享信号方案(OFDM-IM)以及对应的基于压缩感知(CS)的雷达信号处理算法。
en-us	Considering the problems of low communication rate and poor reliability of Orthogonal FrequencyDivision Multiplexing (OFDM) signals in joint Radar and Communication (RadCom) system, a subcarrier Index Modulation (IM) based OFDM RadCom signal scheme (OFDM-IM) and a corresponding radar signal processing algorithm based on Compressed Sensing (CS) are proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	该方案在发射端采用IM调制增强OFDM信号通信质量，在雷达接收端采用CS技术获取目标的距离-速度2维超分辨图像，进一步采用快速分段重构、2次相参积累的方法降低算法的计算复杂度。
en-us	In the scheme, IM modulation is adopted at the transmitting end to enhance the communication quality of OFDM signal, CS technology is adopted at the radar receiving end to obtain the range-velocity 2-D super resolution image of radar targets, and the method of rapid piecewise reconstruction and second phase-coherent accumulation are further adopted to reduce the computational complexity of the algorithm.

zh-cn	仿真实验表明，相比于传统算法，该方法能显著提升对OFDM-IM共享信号的处理性能，并实现超低距离副瓣，是一种能够同时增强雷达与通信性能的一体化共享信号方案。
en-us	Simulation results show that,compared with the traditional algorithm, this method can significantly improve the processing performance ofOFDM-IM RadCom signal and realize ultra-low side lobe in distance, which means the proposed scheme is ableto enhance the performance of radar and communication in the same time.

zh-cn	针对长基线多基地雷达系统在目标跟踪阶段的拖引欺骗干扰识别问题，考虑到真实目标回波在不同节点雷达中的幅度相互独立，而拖引欺骗干扰假设来自同一干扰机，其在不同节点雷达中的幅度完全相关，从而跟踪波门内只有目标回波与同时存在目标回波与拖引欺骗干扰这两种不同情形下的信号幅度存在统计相关差异。
en-us	In multistatic radar system, the real target echoes are independent of each other in different noderadars under long-term baseline conditions, but the amplitudes of the deception jamming signals in differentnode radars are completely correlated because of the jamming signals generated from the same jammer.

zh-cn	该文提出利用这一差异实现多基地雷达系统的拖引欺骗干扰识别。
en-us	This paper uses the difference to realize the recognition of deception jamming in multistatic radar system on the stage of tracking.

zh-cn	通过在分析统计相关差异的基础上，对不同节点雷达接收到的回波信号幅度序列进行相关性度量及参数估计，构建检验统计量，在给定的虚警概率下实现了对欺骗干扰的识别。
en-us	Correlation measurement and parameter estimation are carried out on the amplitude sequence of the received signals by different nodes, and the test statistic is constructed to realize the recognition of deception jamming under the given false alarm probability.

zh-cn	仿真实验结果表明，该方法对欺骗干扰具有较好的识别效果，相较于基于拟合优度的AD检测算法，识别概率平均提高18.63%。
en-us	The simulation results show that the proposedmethod has a good performance on the recognition of deception jamming. Compared to the Anderson-Darling(AD) test based on goodness-of-fit, the recognition probability increases by an average of 18.63%.

zh-cn	在大规模机器类通信(mMTC)系统中，以用户活跃性为先验信息，接收机可以基于稀疏感知最大后验概率(S-MAP)准则来检测多用户信号。
en-us	In massive Machine-Type Communication (mMTC) systems, when the user activity is exploited as apriori information for the receiver, the Sparsity-aware Maximum A Posteriori probability (S-MAP) criterioncan be used to recover the sparse multi-user vectors over the uplink mMTC systems.

zh-cn	为了降低S-MAP检测的计算复杂度，基于干扰消除的思想，该文提出一种改进的活跃性感知有序正交三角分解(IA-SQRD)算法，以适用于mMTC系统上行链路多用户信号检测。
en-us	In order to reduce thecomputational complexity of S-MAP detection, based on interference cancellation mechanism, an ImprovedActivity-aware Sorted QR Decomposition (IA-SQRD) algorithm is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	IA-SQRD算法将传统的活跃性感知有序正交三角分解(A-SQRD)算法的最终解作为初始解，并额外增加迭代干扰消除操作，以进一步提高检测性能。
en-us	The IA-SQRD algorithm utilizes the final solution of the A-SQRD algorithm as the initial solution and the iterative interference cancellation operation is performed to improve further the detection performance.

zh-cn	此外，利用与改进A-SQRD算法相似的思路，该文对稀疏感知串行干扰消除(SA-SIC)、有序正交三角分解(SQRD)及数据相关的排序和正则化(DDS)算法亦进行了改进设计，分别获得了相应的改进型算法，即ISA-SIC、I-SQRD及I-DDS算法。
en-us	Following thesame philosophy in improving the A-SQRD algorithm, the conventional Sparsity-Aware Successive InterferenceCancellation (SA-SIC), Sorted QR Decomposition (SQRD), and Data-Dependent Sorting and regularization(DDS) algorithms are modified to enhance the performance, respectively.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明：相对于A-SQRD算法，在未显著增加计算复杂度的情况下，在系统误比特率(BER)为时，该文所提IA-SQRD算法可取得3 dB性能增益；
en-us	Simulation results verify thatcompared with the A-SQRD algorithm, a 3 dB gain is achieved by the proposed IA-SQRD algorithm when theBit Error Rate (BER) is , without significantly increasing the computational complexity.

zh-cn	并且，对于不同的活跃概率或扩频序列长度等参数配置下的mMTC系统，IA-SQRD算法相对于其它算法均表现出更优良的多用户检测性能。
en-us	In addition, given different system configurations in terms of active probability and the length of spread spectrum sequence, the proposed IA-SQRD also exhibits better performance than that of the other algorithms mentioned in this paper.

zh-cn	针对非信任双向中继网络的能量受限和信息安全问题，该文提出一种基于无线携能通信(SWIPT)与人工噪声辅助的物理层安全传输方案。
en-us	The physical-layer security transmission scheme based on Simultaneous Wireless Information andPower Transfer (SWIPT) and artificial noise-aided is proposed to solve the energy-constrained and informationsecurity issues upon the two-way untrusted relay networks.

zh-cn	该方案中的非信任中继采用功率分割(PS)策略辅助合法用户进行保密通信，而全双工干扰机在进行能量采集的同时发送人工噪声以确保系统安全。
en-us	The Power Splitting (PS) strategy is adopted by the untrusted relay to assist the confidential communication, where a full-duplex jammer is assigned to send the artificial noise while harvesting energy, to ensure the system security.

zh-cn	以最大化系统保密性能为目标，优化了中继的PS因子，推导了保密和速率的解析式及高信噪比条件下最佳PS因子的闭式解。
en-us	The PS factor is optimized to maximizethe secrecy performance, and then the closed-form expressions of the secrecy sum-rate and optimal PS ratio arederived in the high signal-to-noise ratio regime.

zh-cn	特别针对非理想信道状态信息的情况，分析了信道估计误差对系统保密性能的影响。
en-us	Besides, the impacts of the channel estimation error on thesystem security are analyzed for the imperfect channel state information.

zh-cn	仿真结果验证了理论推导的正确性，并证明了所提的基于PS策略的干扰机协同传输方案相比采用时间切换(TS)策略或目的节点协同干扰的方案具有更优的保密性能。
en-us	Simulation results validate thecorrectness of the theoretical derivation and demonstrate that the proposed transmission scheme based on PSstrategy and friendly jammer outperforms that based on the Time Switching (TS) strategy or destination-aidedjamming.

zh-cn	针对密度聚类算法只能识别密度相近的簇类且计算复杂度高等问题，该文提出一种基于信令数据中时空轨迹信息的密度峰值快速聚类(ST-CFSFDP)算法。
en-us	For the problem that the density-based clustering algorithm can only identify clusters with similardensity and high computational complexity, a Clustering by Fast Search and Find of Density Peaks based onSpatio-Temporal trajectory information in mobile phone signaling data, namely ST-CFSFDP, is proposed.

zh-cn	首先对低采样密度的信令数据进行预处理，消除轨迹震荡现象；
en-us	Firstly, the low sampling density signaling data are pre-processed to eliminate the trajectory oscillationphenomenon in the data.

zh-cn	然后基于密度峰值快速聚类(CFSFDP)算法显式地增加时间维度限制，将局部密度由2维扩展到3维，并提出高密度时间间隔以表征簇中心在时间维度上的数据特征；
en-us	Then, based on the Clustering by Fast Search and Find of Density Peaks(CFSFDP)algorithm, the time dimension limitation is explicitly increased, and the local density is extended from two-dimension to three-dimension. Moreover, in order to characterize the cluster center point in the time dimension,the concept of high-density time interval is defined.

zh-cn	接着设计筛选策略以选取聚类中心；
en-us	Secondly, the suitable cluster center screening strategy is developed to select automatically the appropriate cluster center.

zh-cn	最后识别用户出行轨迹中的驻留点，完成出行链的划分。
en-us	Finally, the resident points are identified inthe travel trajectory of individual users over a period of time and the division of the travel chains is completed.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，所提算法适用于采样密度低且定位精度差的信令数据，相比CFSFDP算法更适用于时空数据，相比基于密度的时空聚类算法(ST-DBSCAN)召回率提升14%，准确率提升8%，同时降低计算复杂度。
en-us	The experimental results show that the algorithm is suitable for signaling data with low sampling density andpoor positioning accuracy. It is more suitable for spatio-temporal data than CFSFDP algorithm. Compared with Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise based on Spatio-Temporal data (ST-DBSCAN) algorithm, the recall rate is improved by 14%, the accuracy rate is increased by 8%, and the computational complexity is also reduced.

zh-cn	小麦多生理生化指标变化趋势反映了储藏品质的劣变状态，预测多指标时序数据会因关联性及相互作用而产生较大误差，
en-us	The change trend of multi-index of wheat reflects the deterioration state of storage quality, while the predicted multi-index data will produce large errors due to its correlation and interaction.

zh-cn	为此该文基于长短期记忆网络(LSTM)和生成式对抗网络(GAN)提出一种改进拓扑结构的长短期记忆生成对抗网络(LSTM-GAN)模型。
en-us	For this reason, an improved Long Short-Term Memory and Generative Adversarial Network(LSTM-GAN) model is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，由LSTM预测多指标不同时序数据的劣变趋势；其次，根据多指标的关联性并结合GAN的对抗学习方法来降低综合预测误差；
en-us	The deterioration trend of different time series data of multi-index is predicted by Long Short-TermMemory(LSTM) network, and the improved model may reduce comprehensive prediction error by usingGenerative Adversarial Network(GAN) according to the correlation of multi-index.

zh-cn	最后通过优化目标函数及训练模型得出多指标预测结果。
en-us	Finally, the prediction results obtained by optimizing the objective function and model structure.

zh-cn	经实验分析发现：小麦多指标的长短期时序数据的变化趋势不同，进一步优化模型结构及训练时序长度可有效降低预测结果的误差；
en-us	The experimental analysis showsthat the training sequence length and structural parameters of the optimization model can effectively reducethe error of the prediction result.

zh-cn	特定条件下小麦品质过快劣变会使多指标预测误差增大，因此应充分考虑储藏期环境变化对多指标数据的影响；
en-us	The deterioration of wheat quality under certain conditions will increase the prediction error of multi-index. Therefore, the influence of environmental changes during storage period onmulti-index data should be fully considered.

zh-cn	LSTM-GAN模型的综合误差相对于仅使用LSTM预测降低了9.745%，并低于多种对比模型，这有助于提高小麦品质多指标预测及分析的准确性。
en-us	The comprehensive error of the LSTM-GAN model is reduced by9.745% compared with the LSTM prediction and lower than multiple comparison models, which can improvethe prediction of wheat quality indexes.

zh-cn	为了进一步提高相关滤波算法的判别力和对快速运动、遮挡等复杂场景的应对能力，该文提出一种基于自适应背景选择和多检测区域的跟踪框架。
en-us	In order to improve further the discrimination ability of the correlation filtering algorithm and the ability to deal with fast motion and occlusion, a tracking framework based on adaptive context selection and multiple detection areas is proposed.

zh-cn	首先对检测后的响应图进行峰值分析，当响应为单峰的时候，提取目标上下左右的4块区域作为负样本对模型进行训练，
en-us	Firstly, the peak value of the detected response map is analyzed. Whenthe response is single peak, four areas surrounding the target are extracted as negative samples to train themodel.

zh-cn	当响应为多峰的时候，采用峰值提取技术和阈值选择方法提取较大几个峰值区域作为负样本。
en-us	When the response is multi-peak, the peak value extraction technology and threshold selection are usedto extract several larger peak areas as negative samples.

zh-cn	为了进一步提高算法对遮挡的应对能力，该文提出了一种多检测区域的搜索策略。
en-us	In order to improve further the ability to deal withocclusion, a multi detection area search strategy is proposed.

zh-cn	将该框架和传统的相关滤波算法进行结合，实验结果表明，相对于基准算法，该算法在精度上提高了6.9%，在成功率上提高了6.3%。
en-us	Combining the framework with the traditional correlation filter algorithm, the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improves the accuracy by 6.9% and the success rate by 6.3%.

zh-cn	针对全负载蜂窝网络中D2D通信的功率分配问题，该文提出了一种基于非合作完全信息博弈纳什均衡解的多复用D2D通信功率分配算法。
en-us	Considering power allocation of D2D (Device to Device) communication in fully loaded cellularnetworks, a multi-to-one multiplexing D2D communication power allocation algorithm based on the Nashequilibrium solution of non-cooperative complete information game is proposed.

zh-cn	以优先保证蜂窝用户通信质量与D2D用户接入率为前提，设置D2D通信系统上行链路帧结构，
en-us	The communication quality ofcellular users and the access rate of D2D users are guaranteed first, and the uplink frame structure of D2Dcommunication system is given.

zh-cn	之后建立非合作完全信息博弈系统模型，引入定价机制到功率分配博弈模型中并分析纳什均衡解的存在性与唯一性，最后给出该模型的分布式迭代求解算法。
en-us	Then, the non-cooperative complete information game model is established.After that, the pricing mechanism is introduced into the power distribution game model, and the existence anduniqueness of the Nash equilibrium solution are analyzed. Finally, the paper gives a distributed iterativealgorithm for the model.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，随着D2D用户复用数量的增加，该算法在提升系统吞吐量的同时，能有效地控制系统内部干扰，大幅度降低系统总能耗。
en-us	The simulation results show that with the increase of the number of D2D pairs, thealgorithm not only improves the system throughput, but also controls the internal interference of the systemeffectively, reduces the total energy consumption of the system greatly.

zh-cn	容错控制平面通过将多个控制器部署在不同的网络设备上进而增强网络的可靠性，但是大量的控制器部署带来了巨大的布局成本，严重地限制了容错控制平面在实际网络中的部署与应用。
en-us	In order to deploy fault-tolerant Software-Defined Networks(SDN), many controllers must bephysically distributed among different network devices. However, a large number of controllers bring hugecosts, which limits severely the application of the fault-tolerant control plane to the real networks.

zh-cn	为了解决上述问题，该文首先构造了容错控制平面的最小覆盖布局模型，然后设计了一种基于局部搜索策略的启发式控制器布局算法，避免搜索结果陷入局部最优解。
en-us	In order to solve the above problems, the fault-tolerant control plane is analyzed and a mathematical model that covers all switches using the least number of controllers is constructed. Then, a heuristic controller placement algorithmbased on the local search strategy is proposed to avoid the local optimal solution.

zh-cn	在不同规模网络中的仿真结果表明，相对于其他算法，所提算法可以在保证网络容错需求的同时，降低网络中部署控制器的数量。
en-us	The experimental results show that compared with other algorithms, the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the number of required controllers while ensuring network fault tolerance requirements in different scale networks.

zh-cn	获取信号稀疏度对压缩感知(CS)性能的提升有重大意义，但在采样端不进行完整信号数字化采集和存储的情况下，对信号稀疏度进行估计比较困难。
en-us	Signal sparsity is of great significance for the improvement of Compressive Sensing (CS) performance.However, it is difficult to estimate the sparsity when the whole signal is not captured and stored at thesampling side.

zh-cn	现有方法在稀疏度估计性能和计算复杂度方面难以取得较好的平衡。
en-us	Few existing mothed can achieve good balance in terms of the sparsity estimation performanceand the computational complexity.

zh-cn	针对采样端对信号特性未知的监控视频应用，该文提出一种新的使用能量匹配的自适应速率压缩感知方法(ARCS-EM)，
en-us	For the monitoring video applications where the signal characteristics isunknown for sampling devices, a new Adaptive-Rate CS using Energy Matching (ARCS-EM) method isproposed.

zh-cn	通过观测一个恒定低速率的压缩感知观测结果来对当前帧实际稀疏度进行估计，然后根据估计结果决定当前帧应执行的压缩感知测量数，再进行补充测量得到当前帧的优化压缩感知采样结果。
en-us	By observing the measurement results of a low-rate compressive sensing, the actual sparsity of thecurrent frame is estimated and then the rate of measurement for the current frame is determined. Finally,supplementary measurements are performed to obtain the optimized compressive sensing result for the currentframe.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该方法可以较好地适应视频中前景稀疏度的变化，为每帧图像分配适当的压缩感知测量速率，在不显著提高采样端计算复杂度的前提下，有效提高重建视频的质量。
en-us	Experiment results show that the proposed method could allocate suitable measurement rate for eachframe to adapt to the variation of sparsity in different frames. The quality of reconstructed videos is effectivelyimproved without noticeably increasing computational complexity in the sampling side.

zh-cn	网络空间是所有信息系统的集合，是人类赖以生存的信息环境。
en-us	Cyberspace is a collection of all information systems, which refers to the information environment forhuman survival.

zh-cn	网络空间安全已经从物理域、信息域安全扩展到以人为中心的认知域和社会域安全，对人的安全研究已经成为了网络空间安全的必然趋势。
en-us	Cyberspace security has expanded from physical and information domain security to human-centered social and cognitive domain security. The research on human security has become an inevitable trendof Cyberspace security.

zh-cn	人是复杂多变的综合体，而人格作为人的稳定的心理特征，成为了人的安全相关研究的切入点。
en-us	The characteristics of human are complex and changeable. The personality, as a stable psychological characteristic, is an appropriate breakthrough point for human security research.

zh-cn	该文梳理当前网络空间安全中的人格研究，介绍了网络空间安全和人格的基本概念，提出了网络空间安全中人格的研究框架，涵盖理论研究、技术研究和技术应用3个层次；
en-us	This paper investigates and untangles relevant personality research in Cyberspace security. The concepts of Cyberspacesecurity and personality are introduced concisely. A research framework of personality in Cyberspace security isproposed, including theoretical research, technological research and technological application.

zh-cn	其中技术研究主要包括人格测量、人格的安全脆弱性和针对人的安全防护3部分；
en-us	The technological research mainly includes three parts: personality measurement, personality vulnerability and protectionmethods in Cyber security.

zh-cn	详细探讨了当前人格安全研究现状和存在的问题，最后讨论了未来的研究方向和发展趋势。
en-us	Additionally, this paper discusses the current research status and problems ofpersonality in Cyber security in detail. Finally, the future research directions and development trends ofpersonality in Cyber security are explored.

zh-cn	针对卫星物联网(IoT)场景下信号长距离传输衰减大以及单个终端节点传输性能受限的问题，该文提出一种基于节点选择的协作波束成形算法，增强终端节点的传输能力。
en-us	The transmission performance of nodes in the satellite Internet of Things(IoT) is limited due to thelong-distance transmission and the power-constrained terminal. A collaborative beamforming technique is proposed based on the node selection algorithm to improve the transmission performance of nodes.

zh-cn	在实际终端位置信息存在误差的条件下，推导出了协作波束成形平均方向图函数，分析了不同系统参数对于协作波束成形平均方向图和瞬时方向图差异的影响。
en-us	An average far-field beam pattern for collaborative beam forming is derived by considering the location information error in practical scenario. Furthermore, the difference between average beampattern and instantaneous beampattern isanalyzed by the system parameters.

zh-cn	在此基础上，根据卫星物联网链路传输性能需求，提出一种区域分组优化的协作节点选择算法。
en-us	On this basis, a node selection algorithm is proposed based on regiongrouping not only to meet the requirement of satellite link, but also to suppress the sidelobe.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，相比于传统的分布式协作波束成形节点选择算法，该文提出的算法在实际的误差模型中旁瓣抑制和零陷生成方面具有更好的性能。
en-us	Simulation results show better performance of the proposed algorithm compared with the traditional node selection algorithms in the actural error model.

zh-cn	针对强电磁干扰环境下无人机之间的隐秘通信，该文提出了无人机编队中无线紫外光隐秘通信的能耗均衡算法。
en-us	In view of secret communication among unmanned aerial vehicles under the strong electromagneticinterference environment, this paper proposes the energy balance algorithm for wireless ultraviolet secretcommunication in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) formation.

zh-cn	该算法能够结合紫外光非直视、低窃听等优点，克服传统无线电易被监听的缺点，在均衡能耗的同时为长机收集僚机信息提供可靠保证。
en-us	The proposed algorithm combines theadvantages of ultraviolet in non-line-of-sight and low eavesdropping, overcomes the disadvantage of thetraditional radio, which can easily be monitored. It can provide reliable assurance for the leader to collectinformation of wingmen while balancing the energy consumption.

zh-cn	通过引入考虑距离和剩余能量的优先级函数，提出基于分簇机制的改进算法BEAD-LEACH，并采用改进算法对无人机随机部署和呈圆形编队部署时进行仿真。
en-us	The improved algorithm is proposal based on cluster mechanism via introducing the priority function, which considers distance and residual energy.Adopting the improved algorithm to simulate under two scenarios in which UAVs are deployed randomly or UAVs are deployed in circle formation respectively,

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，在两种部署方式下，网络中50%节点出现死亡经历的时间分别延长了12%, 16%，改进算法能够有效地均衡网络的通信能耗，延长无人机网络的生存时间。
en-us	the simulation results show that the time of 50% death nodes occurring in UAV network is prolongal by 12% and 16% respectively under two types of deployment, and the improved algorithm can effectively balance the communication energy consumption of the network and prolong the survival time of UAV network.

zh-cn	针对无线自组织网络在窃听环境中的安全传输问题，该文提出了一种无线多跳自组织网络的联合安全路由和功率优化算法。
en-us	A joint security routing and power optimization algorithm for wireless multi-hop Ad hoc network isproposed in an eavesdropping environment.

zh-cn	首先，在窃听者服从泊松簇过程(PCP)这一假设下推导得到了系统安全中断概率(SOP)和连接中断概率(COP)的表达式；
en-us	Firstly, the Secrecy Outage Probability (SOP) and expressions ofConnection Outage Probability (COP) are derived under the assumption that the distribution of theeavesdroppers follows the Poisson Cluster Process (PCP).

zh-cn	然后以安全中断概率约束下的连接中断概率最小为准则，针对给定路径推导得到了源与各跳中继的最优传输功率，并进一步获得了源与目的节点间的最优路由。
en-us	Then, in view of minimizing COP with the constraintof SOP, the optimal transmission power of each hop is derived for any given path. Based on that, the optimal route from the source to the destination is obtained.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该文所提系统安全中断概率和连接中断概率的表达式与蒙特卡洛仿真结果相符，所提算法可获得与穷举搜索方法接近的安全性能，显著优于传统方法。
en-us	The simulations on COP and SOP show that the derivedtheoretical results agree well with the Monte-Carlo simulations. It is also shown that the security performanceof the proposed algorithm is close to that of exhaustive searching, and also outperforms the traditionalmethod.

zh-cn	随着物联网(IoT)迅速发展，移动边缘计算(MEC)在提供高性能、低延迟计算服务方面的作用日益明显。
en-us	With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT), Mobile Edge Computing (MEC)becomes increasingly effective in improving processing capacity and providing low-latency computing services.

zh-cn	然而，在面向IoT业务的MEC(MEC-IoT)时变环境中，不同边缘设备和应用业务在时延和能耗等方面具有显著的异构性，对高效的任务卸载及资源分配构成严峻挑战。
en-us	However, in the time-varying MEC-IoT environment, heterogeneous devices and applications cause serious challenges on efficient task offloading and resource allocation.

zh-cn	针对上述问题，该文提出一种动态的分布式异构任务卸载算法(D2HM)，该算法利用分布式博弈机制并结合李雅普诺夫优化理论，设计了一种资源的动态报价机制，并实现了对不同业务类型差异化控制和计算资源的弹性按需分配，
en-us	A Distributed Dynamic Heterogeneous task offloading Methodology (D2HM) algorithm is proposed in this paper by exploiting game theory and Lyapunov optimization, which can achieves heterogeneous control and allocation of computation resources by dynamic quote price mechanism.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提的算法可以满足异构任务的多样化计算需求，并在保证网络稳定性的前提下降低系统的平均时延。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can meet the diverse computingneeds of heterogeneous tasks and reduce the average delay of the system while ensuring network stability.

zh-cn	为减轻行人图片中的背景干扰，使网络着重于行人前景并且提高前景中人体部位的利用率，该文提出引入语义部位约束(SPC)的行人再识别网络。
en-us	In order to alleviate the background clutter in pedestrian images, and make the network focus onpedestrian foreground to improve the utilization of human body parts in the foreground. In this paper, a personre-identification network is proposed that introduces Semantic Part Constraint(SPC).

zh-cn	在训练阶段，首先将行人图片同时输入主干网络和语义部位分割网络，分别得到行人特征图和部位分割图；
en-us	Firstly, the pedestrian image is input into the backbone network and the semantic part segmentation network at the same time, and the pedestrian feature map and the part segmentation label are obtained respectively.

zh-cn	然后，将部位分割图与行人特征图融合，得到语义部位特征；
en-us	Secondly, the partsegmentation label and the pedestrian feature maps are merged to obtain the semantic part feature.

zh-cn	接着，对行人特征图进行池化得到全局特征；
en-us	Thirdly,the pedestrian feature map is obtained and the global average pooling is used to gain global features.

zh-cn	最后，同时使用身份约束和语义部位约束训练网络。
en-us	Finally,the network is trained using both identity constraint and semantic part constraint.

zh-cn	在测试阶段，由于语义部位约束使得全局特征拥有部位信息，因此测试时仅使用主干网络提取行人的全局信息即可。
en-us	Since the semantic partconstraint makes the global features obtain the part information, only the backbone network can be used toextract the features of the pedestrian during the test.

zh-cn	在大规模公开数据集上的实验结果表明，语义部位约束能有效使得网络提高辨别行人身份的能力并且缩减推断网络的计算花费。
en-us	Experiments on large-scale datasets show that semanticpart constraints can effectively make the network improve the ability to identify pedestrians and reduce thecomputational cost of inferring networks.

zh-cn	与现有方法比较，该文网络能更好地抵抗背景干扰，提高行人再识别性能。
en-us	Compared with the state of art, the proposed network can betterresist background clutter and improve person re-identification performance.

zh-cn	全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)空间信号(SIS)质量直接影响了用户使用性能。
en-us	The Signal-In-Space (SIS) quality affects directly the user performance of Global Navigation SatelliteSystem (GNSS).

zh-cn	北斗三号卫星不同于北斗二号卫星，将继续播发北斗二号老信号，同时新增播发B1C, B2a等新信号，多频多信号多分量的信号体制较北斗二号更为复杂，对导航卫星信号质量控制提出了较大挑战。
en-us	Unlike BDS-2, the BDS-3 satellites not only broadcast old signals, but also broadcast newsignals such as B1C and B2a at the same time. The signal structure of BDS-3 with multi-frequency, multi-signal and multi-component is more complex than BDS-2, which is a great challenge to signal quality control ofBDS-3 satellites.

zh-cn	2018年底北斗系统完成了18颗卫星组网，完成北斗三号基本系统建设并开始提供全球服务，有必要对北斗三号在轨卫星空间信号质量进行量化评估。
en-us	By the end of 2018, 18 BDS-3 satellites were successfully launched and the BDS-3 preliminarysystem is completed to provide global services.

zh-cn	传统空间信号质量评估方法侧重于单项的定性评估，而针对北斗三号复杂的信号体制，缺乏系统的、定量的分析结果。
en-us	It is necessary to evaluate the signal quality of BDS-3.Traditional signal quality assessment methods focus on the qualitative assessment of a single item, but lackssystematic and quantitative analysis results for the complex signal structure of BDS-3.

zh-cn	该文对标北斗系统接口控制文件(ICD)，从功率特性、频域特性、时域特性、相关域特性和信号一致性等方面研究了不同参数配置对评估结果的影响，形成了一套面向新型调制方式和多频多分量复用信号的量化评估方法。
en-us	Based on the InterfaceControl Document (ICD) of BDS, this paper studies the influence of different parameter configurations on theevaluation results from the aspects of power characteristics, frequency characteristics, time characteristics,correlation characteristics and signal consistency, and forms a set of quantitative evaluation methods for newmodulations and multi-frequency, multi-component signals.

zh-cn	基于40 m大口径天线的空间信号质量评估系统，对18颗MEO卫星进行了长时间监测跟踪和数据采集，首次对北斗三号卫星空间信号质量进行了全面量化评估。
en-us	Based on the signal quality assessment system with40-meter aperture antenna, 18 MEO satellites of BDS-3 preliminary system were monitored, and the signalquality of BDS-3 satellites were comprehensively and quantitatively evaluated for the first time.

zh-cn	结果表明：北斗三号卫星空间信号质量良好，18颗MEO卫星一致性较好，符合ICD指标要求，可满足服务区内用户需求；
en-us	The results show that, signal qualities of BDS-3 satellites are good, and the 18 MEOs have a good consistency, which canmeet the requirements of ICD and GNSS users.

zh-cn	评估方法可用于对后续导航卫星空间信号质量的量化评估。
en-us	The evaluation methods can be also used to quantitatively evaluate the signal quality of other satellites.

zh-cn	针对背景运动引起动目标检测精度显著下降的问题，该文提出一种基于低秩及稀疏分解的动目标检测方法。
en-us	Focusing on the issue that the detection accuracy of moving object is significantly reduced bybackground motion, a low-rank and sparse decomposition based moving object detection method is developed.

zh-cn	所提方法首先引入伽马范数()近乎无偏地逼近秩函数以解决核范数过度惩罚较大奇异值从而导致所得最小化问题无法获得最优解进而降低检测性能的问题，
en-us	Firstly, in order to solve the problem that the nuclear norm over-penalizing large singular values lead to the optimal solution of the obtained minimization problem can not be obtained and then the detection performance is decreased, the gamma norm () is introduced to acquire almost unbiased approximation of rank function.

zh-cn	而后利用范数抽取稀疏前景目标以增强对噪声的稳健性，同时基于虚警像素所具有稀疏且空间不连续特性提出空间连续性约束以抑制动态背景像素，进而构建目标检测模型。
en-us	In what follows, the  norm is used to extract the sparse foreground object to enhance the robustness to noise, and the spatial continuity constraint is proposed to suppress dynamic background pixelssuch that the moving object detection model can be constructed on the basis of the sparse and spatially discontinuous nature of the false alarm pixels.

zh-cn	最后利用基于交替方向最小化(ADM)策略扩展的增广拉格朗日乘子(ALM)法对所得优化问题求解。
en-us	After that, the Augmented Lagrange Multiplier (ALM) method, which is the extension of the Alternating Direction Minimizing (ADM) strategy, can be employed to deal with the acquired constrained minimization problem.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，与现有主流算法对比，所提方法可显著改善动态背景情况下动目标检测精度。
en-us	Compared with some state-of-the-art algorithms, the experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the accuracy of moving objectdetection in the case of dynamic background.

zh-cn	基于微波辐射无源探测系统的目标探测方程，该文探讨了云、雾和雨等复杂天气以及海风对天基被动干涉微波辐射无源探测系统的影响，
en-us	Based on the target detection equation of the passive interferometric microwave system, the effects ofcomplex weather on the detection ability of the passive interferometric microwave system are discussed for thesea surface target, such as clouds, fog and rain, and sea winds.

zh-cn	定量化仿真分析了这些因素对系统探测能力的影响，实验验证了被动干涉微波辐射无源探测系统对云层的穿透能力。
en-us	Quantitative simulations are also performed toassess the effects of these previous mentioned factors. The experiments are also performed to demonstrate thepassive interferometric microwave system penetrating the clouds.

zh-cn	研究结果表明：云、雾和雨等复杂天气对被动干涉微波辐射无源探测系统对海面目标的探测有一定的影响，但在低频段云雾影响较小，可忽略不计；
en-us	Both theoretical and simulation results showthat complex weather has a negative impact on the passive interferometric microwave systems in the sea targetdetection, such as clouds, fog and rain. However, the impacts can be neglected in low frequency, since theimpacts of clouds in low frequency is very small.

zh-cn	而降雨会对系统的目标探测能力影响较大；
en-us	On the other hand, rainfall will seriously degrade the system’starget detection capability.

zh-cn	海风对海面金属目标的探测是有利的，而海风对隐身目标探测是不利的，会降低系统的探测能力。
en-us	Sea winds have a positive impact in the metallic target detection. However, seawinds have a negative impact and reduce the system’s detection capability for the stealthy target detection.

zh-cn	Mask R-CNN是现阶段实例分割相对成熟的方法，针对Mask R-CNN算法当中还存在的分割边界精度以及对于模糊图片鲁棒性较差等问题，该文提出一种基于改进的Mask R-CNN实例分割方法。
en-us	Mask R-CNN is a relatively mature method for image instance segmentation at this stage. For theproblems of segmentation boundary accuracy and poor robustness of fuzzy pictures in Mask R-CNN algorithm,an improved Mask R-CNN method for image instance segmentation is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法首先提出在Mask分支上使用卷积化条件随机场(ConvCRF)来优化Mask分支对于候选区域进一步分割，并使用FCN-ConvCRF分支来代替原有分支；
en-us	This method first proposes that on the Mask branch, Convolution Condition Random Field(ConvCRF) is used to optimize the Mask branch, and the candidate area is further segmented, and uses FCN-ConvCRF branch to replace the original branch.

zh-cn	之后提出新锚点大小和IOU标准，使得RPN候选框能够涵盖所有实例区域；
en-us	Then, a new anchor size and IOU standard are proposed to enable the RPN candidate box cover all theinstance areas.

zh-cn	最后使用一种添加部分经过转换网络转换的数据进行训练的方法。
en-us	Finally, a training method is used to add a part of data transformed by the transformationnetwork.

zh-cn	总的mAP值与原算法相比提升了3%，并且分割边界精确度和鲁棒性都有一定提高。
en-us	Compared with the original algorithm, the total mAP value is improved by 3%, and the accuracy androbustness of segmentation boundary are improved to some extent.

zh-cn	广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B)作为一种新的监视技术正受到国际民用航空组织(ICAO)的大力推广。
en-us	The Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B), as a new surveillance technology, is being vigorously promoted by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).

zh-cn	然而，由于ADS-B信号传输具有随机性，多条信号交织问题不可避免。
en-us	However, overlapping among multiple signals is inevitable because of the randomness of ADS-B signal transmission.

zh-cn	该文提出一种改进的单天线投影算法(PASA)，利用单通道分离交织信号。
en-us	An improved ProjectAlgorithm Single Antenna (PASA) algorithm which separates the overlapping signals with one single channel isproposed.

zh-cn	首先对单通道接收到的数据提出一种新的矩阵重构方式，从而降低两条信号之间的相对时延和频偏要求；然后利用投影算法分离交织信号。
en-us	Firstly, a new matrix reconstruction method for the data that received by single channel is proposedto decrease the requirement of relative time delay and frequency difference between two ADS-B signals, andthen the overlapping signals can be separated by utilizing the projection algorithm.

zh-cn	仿真实验结果验证了该算法的有效性。
en-us	The effectiveness of thealgorithm is verified by simulation experiments.

zh-cn	由于天基雷达覆盖范围广，大量强离散杂波(小型岛礁、陆地铁塔等)会从天线旁瓣进入雷达系统，其多普勒特征与目标相同，极易造成虚警。
en-us	On account of the large coverage of space based radar, a lot of discrete strong side-lobe clutter, whichshares familiar Doppler feature with the real moving targets, can be received by the radar system and henceresults in false alarms.

zh-cn	针对以上问题，该文提出基于空时导向约束的天基雷达离散旁瓣杂波判别方法，
en-us	For this problem, a discrete side-lobe clutter recognition method using space-timesteering vectors for space based radar system is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法首先选取空时自适应处理(STAP)杂波抑制后检测到的潜在“目标”(包含真实目标与离散旁瓣杂波)距离多普勒单元及其附近单元；
en-us	In this method, the “Suspected targets”, includingboth the real moving targets and discrete side-lobe clutter, are detected after suppressing clutter by employingthe Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP). The range-Doppler cells where “suspected targets” located inor around are selected.

zh-cn	然后根据杂波多普勒频率与空间角度的耦合关系获得各杂波单元对应的空时导向矢量；
en-us	Afterwards, the space time steering vectors of them are obtained based on the couplingrelationship between Doppler frequencies and space angles of clutter.

zh-cn	最后利用获得新的导向矢量构成的滤波器再次对“目标”距离多普勒单元及其附近单元进行滤波处理，此时真实目标信杂噪比会大幅度降低，而离散旁瓣杂波信杂噪比变化不大，从而实现离散旁瓣杂波的判别。
en-us	Lastly, the above range-Doppler cells areprocessed again by the adaptive processing filters which are derived from the new space-time steering vectors.Obviously, the signal-clutter-noise ratio of real moving target will be reduced significantly, while it will notchange much for the discrete side-lobe clutter. Therefore, the discrete side-lobe clutter can be identified byusing the proposed method.

zh-cn	理论分析及机载实测数据处理证明该方法具有良好的稳健性和可靠性。
en-us	Theoretical analyses and multi-channel airborne radar experiments demonstrate theeffectiveness and stability of this method.

zh-cn	广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B)作为新一代空中交通管理(ATM)通信协议，是未来空管监视系统的关键技术。
en-us	As a new generation of Air Traffic Management(ATM) communication protocol, AutomaticDependent Surveillance-Broadcast(ADS-B) is the key technology of ATM monitoring system in the future.

zh-cn	目前，由于ADS-B采用明文格式广播发送数据，其安全性问题受到挑战。
en-us	At present, the security of ADS-B is challenged because it broadcasts data in plaintext format.

zh-cn	针对ADS-B易受到的欺骗干扰，该文将ADS-B位置数据和同步的二次雷达(SSR)数据作差，将两者的差值作为样本数据。
en-us	Because ADS-B issusceptible to spoofing, the difference between ADS-B position data and synchronous Secondary SurveillanceRadar(SSR) data is taken as sample data.

zh-cn	利用多核支持向量数据描述(MKSVDD)训练样本，得到了超球体分类器，此超球体分类器能检测出ADS-B测试样本中的异常数据。
en-us	Using Multi-Kernel Support Vector Data Description(MKSVDD) totrain samples, a hypersphere classifier is obtained, which can detect anomalous data in ADS-B test samples.

zh-cn	并且，通过粒子群算法(PSO)优化了GaussLapl和GaussTanh两种MKSVDD的惩罚因子、多核核函数系数以及核参数，提高了异常数据检测性能。
en-us	In addition, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used to optimize GaussLapl and GaussTanh MKSVDD penalty factors, coefficients of multi-kernel functions and kernel parameters.The performance of anomaly detection is improved.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，对于随机位置偏移、固定位置偏移、拒绝服务(DOS)攻击和重放攻击，粒子群优化多核支持向量数据描述(PSO-MKSVDD)模型能检测出这4种攻击类型的异常数据。
en-us	Experimental results show that PSO-MKSVDD can detect anomalous data of randomposition deviation, fixed position deviation, Denial Of Service(DOS) attack and replay attack.

zh-cn	且相较于其他机器学习和深度学习方法，该模型的适应性更好，异常检测的召回率和检测率更优。
en-us	In addition,compared with other machine learning and deep learning methods, this model has better adaptability andbetter recall rate and detection rate of anomaly detection.

zh-cn	证明该模型可用于ADS-B异常数据的检测。
en-us	It is proved that this model can be used to detectADS-B anomalous data.

zh-cn	卷积神经网络在入侵检测技术领域中已得到广泛应用，一般地认为层次越深的网络结构其在特征提取、检测准确率等方面就越精确。
en-us	Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is widely used in the field of intrusion detection technology. It is generally believed that the deeper the network structure, the more accurate in feature extraction and detection accuracy.

zh-cn	但也伴随着梯度弥散、泛化能力不足且参数量大准确率不高等问题。
en-us	However, it is accompanied with the problems of gradient dispersion, insufficientgeneralization ability and low accuracy of parameters.

zh-cn	针对上述问题，该文提出将密集连接卷积神经网络(DCCNet)应用到入侵检测技术中，并通过使用混合损失函数达到提升检测准确率的目的。
en-us	In view of the above problems, the Densely ConnectedConvolutional Network (DCCNet) is applied into the intrusion detection technology, and achieve the purpose ofimproving the detection accuracy by using the hybrid loss function.

zh-cn	用KDD 99数据集进行实验，将实验结果与常用的LeNet神经网络、VggNet神经网络结构相比。
en-us	Experiments are performed with the KDD99 data set, and the experimental results are compared with the commonly used LeNet neural network andVggNet neural network structure.

zh-cn	分析显示在检测的准确率上有一定的提高，而且缓解了在训练过程中梯度弥散问题。
en-us	Finally, the analysis shows that the accuracy of detection is improved, and the problem of gradient vanishing during training is alleviated.

zh-cn	网格剖分是有限元建模分析过程中最重要，也是工作量最大的环节，直接影响有限元分析的精度和时间。
en-us	Meshing is the most important part of the finite element modeling and analysis process, and it alsohas the largest workload, which directly affects the accuracy and time of the finite element analysis.

zh-cn	该文在研究网格自适应剖分及有限元离散误差的基础上，在高压输电场环境中建立不同复杂度的3维人体模型。
en-us	Based on the research of adaptive meshing and finite element discrete errors, three-dimensional human body models of different complexity are established in the environment of high-voltage power transmission fields.

zh-cn	通过对人体模型自适应网格剖分和手动网格剖分电场仿真结果的对比，分析能量误差变化的趋势，从而指导人体模型的建立及最佳剖分尺寸的设置。
en-us	By comparing the results of the electric field simulation between the adaptive meshing of the human body model and the manual meshing, the trend of energy error changes is analyzed, so as to guide the establishment of the human body model and the setting of the optimal mesh size.

zh-cn	该文的研究成果，对其它有限元剖分方案的优化研究具有一定参考意义。
en-us	The research results have certain reference significance tothe optimization research of other finite element splitting schemes.

zh-cn	无线通信中的抗干扰技术对通信的稳定性和安全性都具有重要意义，干扰识别作为抗干扰技术的重要环节一直是研究的热点。
en-us	The anti-interference technology in wireless communication is great significance to the stability andsecurity of communication. As an important part of anti-interference technology, interference recognition is a research hotspot.

zh-cn	该文提出一种基于奇异值分解与神经网络的干扰识别方法，该方法只计算信号矩阵的奇异值即完成特征提取，与传统方法相比节省了多个谱特性的计算量。
en-us	An interference recognition method based on singular value decomposition and neural networkis proposed. This method only calculates the singular value of the signal matrix as the feature. Compared withthe traditional method, it saves the computational complexity of multiple spectral features.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明：基于奇异值分解与神经网络的干扰识别方法与传统方法相比在干信比为0 dB左右的条件下识别准确率有10%～25%的提高。
en-us	The simulation results show that the recognition accuracy based on singular value decomposition and neural network is10%~25% higher than the traditional method under the condition of jamming-signal ratio at 0 dB.

zh-cn	针对5G网络切片环境下由于业务请求的随机性和未知性导致的资源分配不合理从而引起的系统高时延问题，该文提出了一种基于迁移演员-评论家(A-C)学习的服务功能链(SFC)部署算法(TACA)。
en-us	To solve the problem of high system delay caused by unreasonable resource allocation because ofrandomness and unpredictability of service requests in 5G network slicing, this paper proposes a deploymentscheme of Service Function Chain (SFC) based on Transfer Actor-Critic (A-C) Algorithm (TACA).

zh-cn	首先，该算法建立基于虚拟网络功能放置、计算资源、链路带宽资源和前传网络资源联合分配的端到端时延最小化模型，并将其转化为离散时间马尔可夫决策过程(MDP)。
en-us	Firstly, anend-to-end delay minimization model is built based on Virtual Network Function (VNF) placement, and jointallocation of computing resources, link resources and fronthaul bandwidth resources, then the model istransformed into a discrete-time Markov Decision Process (MDP).

zh-cn	而后，在该MDP中采用A-C学习算法与环境进行不断交互动态调整SFC部署策略，优化端到端时延。
en-us	Next, A-C learning algorithm is adopted inthe MDP to adjust dynamically SFC deployment scheme by interacting with environment, so as to optimizethe end-to-end delay.

zh-cn	进一步，为了实现并加速该A-C算法在其他相似目标任务中(如业务请求到达率普遍更高)的收敛过程，采用迁移A-C学习算法实现利用源任务学习的SFC部署知识快速寻找目标任务中的部署策略。
en-us	Furthermore, in order to realize and accelerate the convergence of the A-C algorithm insimilar target tasks (such as the arrival rate of service requests is generally higher), the transfer A-C algorithmis adopted to utilize the SFC deployment knowledge learned from source tasks to find quickly the deploymentstrategy in target tasks.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该文所提算法能够减小且稳定SFC业务数据包的队列积压，优化系统端到端时延，并提高资源利用率。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce and stabilize thequeuing length of SFC packets, optimize the system end-to-end delay, and improve resource utilization.

zh-cn	在军用和民用领域，Morse电报一直是一种重要的短波通信手段，但目前的自动译码算法仍然存在准确率低、无法适应低信噪比和不稳定的信号等问题。
en-us	In the military and civilian fields, the Morse telegraph is always as an important means of short-wave communication, but the current automatic decoding algorithms still have problems such as low accuracy, inability to adapt to low signal-to-noise ratio and unstable signals.

zh-cn	该文引入深度学习方法构建了一个Morse码自动识别系统，神经网络模型由卷积神经网络、双向长短时记忆网络和连接时序分类层组成，结构简单，且能够实现端到端的训练。
en-us	A deep learning method is introduced toconstruct a Morse code automatic recognition system. The neural network model consists of convolutionalneural network, bidirectional long short-term memory network and connectionist temporal classification layer.The structure is simple and can implement end-to-end training.

zh-cn	相关实验表明，该译码系统在不同信噪比、不同码速、信号出现频率漂移以及不同发报手法引起的码长偏差等情况下，均能取得较好的识别效果，性能优于传统的自动识别算法。
en-us	Related experiments show that the decodingsystem can achieve good recognition results under different signal-to-noise ratio, code rate, frequency drift andcode length deviation caused by different sending manipulation, and the performance is better than thetraditional recognition algorithms.

zh-cn	极限学习机(ELM)具有学习速度快、易实现和泛化能力强等优点，但单个ELM的分类性能不稳定。
en-us	Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) has unique advantages such as fast learning speed, simplicity of implementation, and excellent generalization performance. However, the performance of a single ELM is unstable in classification.

zh-cn	集成学习可以有效地提高单个ELM的分类性能，但随着数据规模和基ELM数目的增加，计算复杂度会大幅度增加，消耗大量的计算资源。
en-us	Ensemble learning can effectively improve the classification ability of single ELMs,but it may incur the rapid increase in memory space and computational overheads as the increase of the datasize and the number of ELMs.

zh-cn	针对上述问题，该文提出一种基于双错测度的极限学习机选择性集成方法(DFSEE)，同时从理论和实验的角度进行了详细分析。
en-us	To address this issue, a Selective Ensemble approach of ELM based on Double-Fault measure (DFSEE) is proposed, and it is evaluated by theoretical and experimental analysissimultaneously.

zh-cn	首先，运用bootstrap 方法重复抽取训练集，获得多个训练子集，在ELM上进行独立训练，得到多个具有较大差异性的基ELM，构成基ELM池；
en-us	Firstly, multiple training subsets extracted from a training dataset are obtained employing thebootstrap sampling method, and an initial pool of base ELMs is constructed by independently training multipleELMs on different training subsets;

zh-cn	其次，计算出每个基ELM的双错测度，将基ELM按照双错测度的大小进行升序排序；
en-us	Secondly, the ELMs in pool are sorted in ascending order according to theirdouble-fault measures of those ELMs.

zh-cn	最后，采用多数投票算法，根据顺序将基ELM逐个累加集成，直至集成精度最优，即获得基ELM最优子集成，并分析了其理论基础。
en-us	Finally, it starts with one ELM and grows the ensemble by adding newbase ELMs according to the order, the final ensemble of ELMs can be achieved with the best classificationability, and the theoretical basis of DFSEE is analyzed.

zh-cn	在10个UCI数据集上的实验结果表明，较其他方法使用了更小规模的基ELM，获得了更高的集成精度，同时表明了其有效性和显著性。
en-us	Experimental results on 10 benchmark classificationtasks show that DFSEE can achieve better results with less number of ELMs by comparing with otherapproaches, and its validity and significance.

zh-cn	大规模多输入多输出技术作为第5代通信系统的关键技术，可有效提高频谱利用率。
en-us	As a key technology of the fifth generation communication system, large-scale Multi-Input and Multi-Output(MIMO) technology can effectively improve spectrum utilization.

zh-cn	基站端采用消息传递检测(MPD)算法可以实现良好的检测性能。
en-us	The base station side uses the MessagePassing Detection (MPD) algorithm to achieve good detection performance.

zh-cn	但是由于MPD算法的计算复杂度随调制阶数和用户天线数的增加而增加，而概率近似消息传递检测(PA-MPD)算法可以减少MPD算法的计算复杂度。
en-us	However, the computationalcomplexity of the MPD algorithm increases with the increase of the modulation order and the number of userantennas, and the Probability Approximation Message Passing Detection (PA-MPD) algorithm can reduce thecomputational complexity of the MPD algorithm.

zh-cn	为了进一步降低PA-MPD算法的复杂度，该文在PA-MPD算法的基础上引入了提前终止迭代策略，提出了一种改进的概率近似消息传递检测算法(IPA-MPD)。
en-us	In order to further reduce the complexity of PA-MPDalgorithm, this paper introduces an early termination iteration strategy based on PA-MPD algorithm, andproposes an Improved PA-MPD (IPA-MPD) algorithm.

zh-cn	首先确定不同用户的符号概率在迭代过程中的收敛速率，然后根据收敛率来判断用户的符号概率是否达到最佳收敛，最后对符号概率到达最佳收敛的用户终止算法迭代。
en-us	Firstly, the convergence rate of the symbol probability of different users in the iterative process is determined, and then the convergence probability is used to determine whether the user’s symbol probability reaches the best convergence. Finally, the user terminationalgorithm that the symbol probability reaches the best convergence is iterated.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，在不同单天线用户配置下IPA-MPD算法的计算复杂度可降低为PA-MPD算法的52%～77%，且不损失算法的检测性能。
en-us	The simulation results showthat the computational complexity of the IPA-MPD algorithm can be reduced to 52%～77% of the PA-MPDalgorithm under different single-antenna user configurations without loss of the detection performance of thealgorithm.

zh-cn	车载云计算环境中的计算卸载存在回程网络延迟高、远程云端负载大等问题，
en-us	In the vehicular cloud computing environments, computation offloading faces the problems such ashigh network delay and large load of the remote cloud.

zh-cn	车载边缘计算利用边缘服务器靠近车载终端，就近提供云计算服务的特点，在一定程度上解决了上述问题。
en-us	The vehicular edge computing takes advantage of theedge servers to be close to the vehicular terminals, and provides the cloud computing service to solve theproblem mentioned above.

zh-cn	但由于汽车运动造成的通信环境动态变化进而导致任务完成时间增加，为此该文提出一种基于移动路径可预测的计算卸载切换策略MPOHS，即在车辆移动路径可预测情况下，引入基于最小完成时间的计算切换策略，以降低车辆移动性对计算卸载的影响。
en-us	However, due to the dynamic change of communication environment caused by vehicle movement, the task completion time will increase. For this reason, this paper proposes a MobilityPrediction-based computation Offloading Handoff Strategy (MPOHS), which tries to minimize the average completion time of offloaded tasks by migrating tasks among edge servers according to the prediction of vehicle movement.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，相对于现有研究，该文所提算法能够在减少平均任务完成时间的同时，减少切换次数和切换时间开销，有效降低汽车运动对计算卸载的影响。
en-us	The experimental results show that, compared with the existing research, the proposed strategy can reduce the average task completion time, cut down the handoff times and handoff time overhead, and effectively reduce the impact of vehicle movement on the performance of computation offloading.

zh-cn	稀疏多元逻辑回归(SMLR)作为一种广义的线性模型被广泛地应用于各种多分类任务场景中。
en-us	As a generalized linear model, Sparse Multinomial Logistic Regression (SMLR) is widely used invarious multi-class task scenarios.

zh-cn	SMLR通过将拉普拉斯先验引入多元逻辑回归(MLR)中使其解具有稀疏性，这使得该分类器可以在进行分类的过程中嵌入特征选择。
en-us	SMLR introduces Laplace priori into Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR)to make its solution sparse, which allows the classifier to embed feature selection in the process of classification.

zh-cn	为了使分类器能够解决非线性数据分类的问题，该文通过核技巧对SMLR进行核化扩充后得到了核稀疏多元逻辑回归(KSMLR)。
en-us	In order to solve the problem of non-linear data classification, Kernel Sparse Multinomial Logistic Regression(KSMLR) is obtained by kernel trick.

zh-cn	KSMLR能够将非线性特征数据通过核函数映射到高维甚至无穷维的特征空间中，使其特征能够充分地表达并最终能进行有效的分类。
en-us	KSMLR can map nonlinear feature data into high-dimensional and eveninfinite-dimensional feature spaces through kernel functions, so that its features can be fully expressed andeventually classified effectively.

zh-cn	此外，该文还利用了基于中心对齐的多核学习算法，通过不同的核函数对数据进行不同维度的映射，并用中心对齐相似度来灵活地选取多核学习权重系数，使得分类器具有更好的泛化能力。
en-us	In addition, the multi-kernel learning algorithm based on centered alignment isused to map the data in different dimensions through different kernel functions. Then center-aligned similarity can be used to select flexibly multi-kernel learning weight coefficients, so that the classifier has better generalization ability.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该文提出的基于中心对齐多核学习的稀疏多元逻辑回归算法在分类的准确率指标上都优于目前常规的分类算法。
en-us	The experimental results show that the sparse multinomial logistic regression algorithm based on center-aligned multi-kernel learning is superior to the conventional classification algorithm in classification accuracy.

zh-cn	针对现有L型阵列相干信号DOA估计算法精度不高、孔径损失较大的问题，该文提出一种基于主奇异矢量的解相干(L-PUMA)方法以及改进的主奇异矢量法(L-MPUMA)。
en-us	In order to handle the problem that the existing DOA estimation algorithm for L-shaped array ofcoherent signals is not accurate and the aperture loss is large, a method named L-shaped array Principal-singular-vector Utilization for Modal Analysis (L-PUMA) and its modified algorithm named L-shaped arrayModified PUMA (L-MPUMA) are proposed.

zh-cn	L-PUMA算法首先对互协方差矩阵进行降噪，再通过奇异值分解得到2维主奇异矢量，然后利用加权最小二乘法得到线性预测方程的多项式系数，该线性预测方程的根即为信号的DOA估计，最后提出一种新的配对算法实现仰角和方位角的配对。
en-us	L-PUMA algorithm first denoises the cross-covariance matrix,then obtains the two-dimensional main singular vector by singular value decomposition, and then obtains thepolynomial coefficient of the linear prediction equation by weighted least squares method. The root of the linearprediction equation is the DOA estimation of the signals. Finally, a new pairing algorithm is proposed to realizethe pairing of elevation and azimuth.

zh-cn	L-MPUMA算法利用反向共轭变换构造增广主奇异矢量，进一步提高了数据利用率，克服了信号完全相干时L-PUMA算法性能下降严重的问题，仿真实验验证了所提算法的高效性。
en-us	L-MPUMA algorithm uses the inverse conjugate transform to obtain the augmented main singular vector, which further improves the data utilization rate and overcomes the problem that the performance of L-PUMA deteriorates seriously when the signals are completely coherent. Simulationexperiments verify the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

zh-cn	现有的增广状态-交互式多模型算法存在着依赖于量测噪声协方差矩阵这一先验信息的问题。
en-us	The existing Augmented State-Interracting Multiple Model (AS-IMM) algorithm suffers from theproblem that it relies on the prior information of the covariance matrix of the measurement noise.

zh-cn	当先验信息未知或不准确时，算法的跟踪性能将会下降。
en-us	When the prior information is unavailable or inaccurate, the tracking performance of AS-IMM will be degraded.

zh-cn	针对上述问题，该文提出一种自适应的变分贝叶斯增广状态-交互式多模型算法VB-AS-IMM。
en-us	In orderto overcome this problem, a novel adaptive Bayesian Variational Augmented State-Interracting Multiple Model(VB-AS-IMM) algorithm is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，针对增广状态的跳变马尔科夫系统，该文给出了联合估计增广状态和量测噪声协方差矩阵的变分贝叶斯推断概率模型。
en-us	Firstly, the variational Bayesian inference probabilistic model of theaugmented state and the covariance matrix of the measurement noise for the jump Markovarian system ispresented.

zh-cn	其次，通过理论推导证明了该概率模型是非共轭的。
en-us	Secondly, the probabilistic model is proven to be non-conjugated.

zh-cn	最后，通过引入一种“信息反馈+后处理”方案，提出联合后验密度的次优求解方法。
en-us	Finally, by introducing a novelpost processing method, the suboptimal solution to calculate the joint posterior distribution is proposed.

zh-cn	所提算法能够在线估计未知的量测噪声协方差矩阵，具有更强的鲁棒性和适应性。
en-us	The proposed algorithm can estimate the unknown covariance matrix of the measurement noise online, thus it is more robust and has higher adaptability.

zh-cn	仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。
en-us	Simulation result verifies good performance of the proposed algorithm.

zh-cn	Adaboost是一种广泛使用的机器学习算法，然而Adaboost算法在训练时耗时十分严重。
en-us	The Adaboost algorithm provides noteworthy benefits over the traditional machine algorithms fornumerous applications, including face recognition, text recognition, and pedestrian detection. However, it takesa lot of time during the training process that affects the overall performance.

zh-cn	针对该问题，该文提出一种基于自适应权值的Adaboost快速训练算法AWTAdaboost。
en-us	Adaboost fast training algorithmbased on adaptive weight (Adaptable Weight Trimming Adaboost, AWTAdaboost) is proposed in this work toaddress the aforementioned issue.

zh-cn	该算法首先统计每一轮迭代的样本权值分布，再结合当前样本权值的最大值和样本集规模计算出裁剪系数，权值小于裁剪系数的样本将不参与训练，进而加快了训练速度。
en-us	First, the algorithm counts the current sample weight distribution of eachiteration. Then, it combines the maximum value of current sample weights with data size to calculate theadaptable coefficients. The sample whose weight is less than the adaptable coefficients is discarded, that speedsup the training.

zh-cn	在INRIA数据集和自定义数据集上的实验表明，该文算法能在保证检测效果的情况下大幅加快训练速度，
en-us	The experimental results validate that it can significantly speed up the training speed whileensuring the detection effect.

zh-cn	相比于其他快速训练算法，在训练时间接近的情况下有更好的检测效果。
en-us	Compared with other fast training algorithms, the detection effect is better whenthe training time is close to each other.

zh-cn	内积加密是一种支持内积形式的函数加密，已有内积加密方案的公开参数规模较大，
en-us	Inner product encryption is a kind of function encryption which supports inner product form. Thepublic parameter scale of the existing inner product encryption schemes are large.

zh-cn	为解决该问题，该文基于素数阶熵扩张引理，利用双对偶向量空间(DPVS)技术，提出一个公开参数规模较小的具有适应安全性的内积加密方案。
en-us	In order to solve this problem, based on prime-order bilinear entropy expansion lemma and Double Pairing Vector Space (DPVS), an inner product encryption scheme is proposed in this paper, which has fewer public parameters and adaptive security.

zh-cn	在方案的私钥生成算法中，将用户的属性向量的分量与主私钥向量结合，生成一个可与熵扩张引理中密钥分量结合的向量；在方案的加密算法中，将内积向量的每一分量与熵扩张引理中的部分密文分量结合。
en-us	In the private key generation algorithm of the scheme, the components of the user’s attribute with the main private key are combined to generate a vector that can be combined with the key components in the entropy expansion lemma, and in encryption algorithm of the scheme, each component of the inner product vector is combined with cipher text component in the entropy expansion lemma.

zh-cn	在素数阶熵扩张引理和困难假设成立条件下，证明了方案具有适应安全性。
en-us	Finally, under the condition of prime order bilinear entropy extension lemma and  difficult assumption, the adaptive secure of the scheme is proved.

zh-cn	该文方案公开参数仅有10个群元素，与现有内积加密方案相比，公开参数规模最小。
en-us	The proposed scheme has only 10 group elements as public parameters, which is the smallest compared with the existing inner product encryption schemes.

zh-cn	无线紫外光通信成为强电磁干扰下的有效通信手段，满足复杂战场环境下车队执行战略物资运输和弹车队隐蔽行驶时车辆间保持可靠隐秘通信的需求。
en-us	Wireless ultraviolet communication becomes an effective means of communication under strong electromagnetic interference, which meets the need of reliable and secret communication between vehicles when the fleet performs strategic material transportation and the missile vehicle fleet of concealed driving vehicles in a complex battlefield environment.

zh-cn	在行驶中每辆车自身作为其它车辆的中继，通过多跳方式为非视线内车辆之间建立稳定可靠的通信链路。
en-us	Each vehicle acts as a relay for other vehicles while driving, and establishesa stable and reliable communication link between non-line-of-sight vehicles through a multi-hop model.

zh-cn	因此，基于紫外光单次散射模型，该文研究了最优多跳中继问题，理论分析了收发仰角与频谱效率的关系，依据使频谱效率最大化原则，得出最优跳数近似表达式。
en-us	Therefore, based on the single-scattering model of ultraviolet, the optimal multi-hop relay problem is studied, and the relationship between the elevation angle of the transmitting and receiving and the spectral efficiency is theoretically analyzed. According to the principle of maximizing the spectral efficiency, the approximateexpression of the optimum number of hops is obtained.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，不同距离移位范围和不同收发仰角都对应特定的最优跳数值，与最优能量计算方法相比，最大频谱效率计算方法在小功率传输时有更好的传输能力，并且达到节约功率的需求。
en-us	The simulation results show that the optimum numberof hops correspond to different distance shift range and elevation angles. Compared with the optimum energycalculation method, the proposed method has better transmission capability in low power transmission andachieves the requirement of power saving.

zh-cn	紫外光长距离通信时，系统性能并不随着协作中继数的增加而提高，选取合适的中继数及小发射仰角和大接收仰角的结构配置，系统可获得较高的传输能力。
en-us	In the long-distance ultraviolet communication, system performancedoes not increase with the number of cooperative relays. The system can obtain a higher transmission capacityby selecting a suitable number of relays and a small transmission elevation angle and a large receiving elevation angle.

zh-cn	针对复杂电磁环境下被动无线监测定位问题，该文提出广义相关熵的概念，推导了广义相关熵的性质，用以抑制阵列输出信号中的脉冲噪声。
en-us	To solve the problem of passive wireless monitoring and positioning in complex electromagneticenvironments, a generalized auto-correntropy for suppressing the impulsive noise in the array output signals isproposed and its properties are derived.

zh-cn	为了实现脉冲噪声环境下相干分布源中心DOA和扩散角的联合估计，提出基于广义相关熵的DOA估计新方法，并证明了该方法的有界性。
en-us	To obtain the estimates of both central Direction Of Arrival (DOA)and angular spread for coherently distributed sources in the impulsive noise, a novel DOA estimation method based on the generalized auto-correntropy is proposed, and its boundedness is proved.

zh-cn	为进一步提升算法的鲁棒性，推导了一种仅依赖阵列输出信号的自适应核函数。
en-us	To improve therobustness of the proposed algorithm, a new adaptive kernel function, which only depends on the array outputsignals, is also derived.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该算法能够实现脉冲噪声环境下相干分布源参数的联合估计，相比已有算法，具有更高的估计精度和鲁棒性。
en-us	The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can obtain the joint estimation for coherently distributed sources under impulsive noise environments, and has higher estimation accuracy and robustness than existing algorithms.

zh-cn	针对脉冲噪声与同频带干扰并存时宽带信号的波达方向(DOA)估计问题，该文提出一种结合循环相关熵(CCE)与稀疏重构的算法。
en-us	To deal with wideband band Direction Of Arrival (DOA) estimation in the presence of impulsivenoise and co-channel interferences, a novel method is proposed with the help of Cyclic CorrEntropy (CCE) andsparse reconstruction.

zh-cn	首先，分析了宽带信源的接收信号模型，并利用循环相关熵的性质构造出对脉冲噪声与同频带干扰具有抑制能力的宽带信号虚拟输出阵列。
en-us	Firstly, the received signal model of wideband sources is analyzed and a virtual arrayoutput is constructed, which shows resistance to impulsive noise and co-channel interferences via thecharacteristics of CCE.

zh-cn	随后对该虚拟输出阵列进行稀疏表示，并通过归一化迭代硬阈值(NIHT)算法进行稀疏重构，从而估计宽带信号的波达方向。
en-us	Then, to extract the DOA of wideband signals, the virtual array output with a sparsestructure is represented and the Normalized Iterative Hard Thresholding (NIHT) is utilized to solve the sparsereconstruction problem.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该算法对脉冲噪声和同频带干扰具有很好的抑制作用，并且相较已有算法在估计性能方面有明显的改善。
en-us	Comprehensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method has efficientsuppression on impulsive noise and co-channel interference and it can improve both accuracy and efficiencythan existing methods.

zh-cn	典型相关分析(CCA)是一种经典的多模态特征学习方法，能够从不同模态同时学习相关性最大的低维特征，然而难以发现隐藏在样本空间中的非线性流形结构。
en-us	Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) is a classic multi-modal feature learning method, which can learn low-dimensional features with the maximum correlation from different modalities. However, it is difficultfor CCA to find the nonlinear manifold structures hidden in the sample spaces.

zh-cn	该文提出一种基于测地流形的多模态特征学习方法，即测地局部典型相关分析(GeoLCCA)。
en-us	This paper proposes a multi-modal feature learning method based on geodesic manifolds, namely Geodesic Locality Canonical CorrelationAnalysis (GeoLCCA).

zh-cn	该方法利用测地距离构建了低维相关特征的测地散布，并进一步通过最大化模态间的相关性和最小化模态内的测地散布学习更具鉴别力的非线性相关特征。
en-us	The geodesic distances are used to construct the geodesic scatters of low-dimensionalcorrelation features, and the nonlinear correlation features with better discriminative power are learned bymaximizing the between-modal correlation and minimizing the within-modal geodesic scatters.

zh-cn	该文不仅在理论上对提出的方法进行了分析，而且在真实的图像数据集上验证了方法的有效性。
en-us	This paper not only analyzes the proposed method in theory, but also verifies the effective of the proposed method on the real-world image datasets.

zh-cn	为了满足置于粗糙面之上组合目标测量和检测的需要，该文分别采用Dobson半经验模型和电介质复介电常数公式表示土壤介电常数的实部和虚部，应用指数型分布粗糙面和Monte Carlo方法模拟实际的土壤表面。
en-us	In order to meet the needs of measuring and detecting combinatorial target placed on the roughsurface, Dobson semi-empirical model and dielectric complex permittivity formula are used to represent the realand imaginary parts of the soil dielectric constant, the soil surface is simulated with the model of exponentialdistribution and Monte Carlo method.

zh-cn	通过与矩量法得到的计算结果比较，验证了时域有限差分(FDTD)方法计算粗糙面与目标复合散射问题的有效性，进而运用该方法研究了土壤表面与置于其上组合目标的复合散射，得出了复合散射系数的角分布曲线。
en-us	The strategy of the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method forcalculating the composite scattering from rough surface with target and the modeling method are presentedwith their validity evaluated by the method of moment, then the composite scattering of soil surface andcombinatorial target placed on it is studied by this method, the angular distribution curve of the compositescattering coefficient is obtained.

zh-cn	结果表明：复合散射系数随散射角振荡地变化，在镜反射方向处发生散射增强效应；
en-us	The results show that the composite scattering coefficient oscillates with thescattering angle, and the scattering enhancement effect occurs in the mirror reflection direction;

zh-cn	土壤表面高度起伏均方根越大，复合散射系数越大；相关长度越大，复合散射系数越小；
en-us	the larger the root mean square of the fluctuation of soil surface, the larger the composite scattering coefficient; the larger the correlation length, the smaller the composite scattering coefficient;

zh-cn	湿度越大，复合散射系数越小；组合目标尺度、介电常数、入射角对复合散射系数影响比较复杂。
en-us	the larger the soil moisture content, the smaller the composite scattering coefficient; the influence of the scale and dielectric constant of combinatorial target, incident angle on composite scattering coefficient is complex.

zh-cn	该文结果可用于求解地、海粗糙面与置于其上任意目标的复合电磁散射问题，
en-us	The results obtained in this paper can beused to solve the composite electromagnetic scattering from rough land surface and rough sea surface with any target placed on it.

zh-cn	与其它数值计算方法相比较，采用时域有限差分方法既可获得较高的准确性，同时又可减少计算时间和内存占用量。
en-us	Compared with other numerical methods, the finite difference time domain method cannot only obtain higher accuracy, but also reduce the calculation time and the amount of memory occupying.

zh-cn	为了使星载通信天线产生1个赋形波束覆盖服务区，同时产生1个固定点波束和1个有限扫描点波束，该文提出一种由2个赋形反射面和3个馈源组成的混合反射面天线。
en-us	A hybrid reflector antenna is presented to generate a contoured beam over service area, an un-scanned and a scanned pencil beam from two shaped reflectors and three feeds, simultaneously.

zh-cn	该天线是以赋形主反射面共用为基础，等效为2副单馈源单偏置反射面天线和1副双偏置格里高利型赋形反射面天线，分别产生赋形波束、固定点波束和有限扫描点波束。
en-us	The shapedmain reflector is shared by three beams, and the antenna is equivalent to two single-reflector antennas withsingle-feed for each beam and a pair of dual offset Gregorian shaped reflector antennas, and generating the contoured, un-scanned and scanned pencil beam, respectively.

zh-cn	通过对一副口径为1.2 m的天线各个波束进行仿真实验，赋形波束在Ku收、发频段时波束覆盖区边缘(EoC)方向性系数为27.5 dBi，固定点波束在C收、发频段时天线口径效率高于70%，
en-us	The proposed method is successfully applied to a1.2 m hybrid reflector antenna. Simulations and experimentations of each beam has been performed. The Edgeof Coverage(EoC) directivity over service area is 27.5 dBi for contoured beam in Tx and Rx working frequencyof Ku-band, and the un-scanned pencil beam has a aperture efficiency higher than 70% in Tx and Rx workingfrequency of C-band.

zh-cn	通过将赋形副反射面及对应馈源横向偏焦实现Ka收、发频段的点波束在服务区内外的扫描。
en-us	Meanwhile, the scanned pencil beam inside and outside the service area is realized by thelateral defocus of the sub-reflector and the corresponding feed in Tx and Rx working frequency of Ka-band.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该混合反射面天线可实现C/Ku/Ka频段的同时通信任务。
en-us	Simulation results show that the hybrid reflector antenna can realize C/Ku/Ka-band communication tasks simultaneously.

zh-cn	针对5G非授权频段通信(NR-U)场景，该文提出一种新型的低时延随机接入机制。该机制分别在随机接入回复窗口(RARW)与竞争窗口中加入了信道空闲计时器，来减少UE因在非授权频段进行竞争接入所引起的时延；此外该机制还加入了请求发送/允许发送机制，来解决隐藏节点对随机接入过程的影响。
en-us	For the 5G New Radio in Unlicensed (NR-U) spectrum scenario, a novel random access mechanism is proposed, which first adds the channel idle timer in Random Access Response Window (RARW) and contention resolution window to reduce the accessing delay caused by the contention-based accessing and employs the Request To Send/Clear To Send (RTS /CTS) mechanism to address the hidden node issue.

zh-cn	该机制可降低传统机制中由于未考虑非授权频段特性及隐藏节点问题所引起的随机接入时延问题。
en-us	The mechanism can alleviate the latency incurred by the legacy mechanism which did not consider the intrinsic attribute of unlicensed band and the hidden node problem.

zh-cn	该文首先对NR-U场景中的传统随机接入机制进行分析并进行问题定位；
en-us	Specifically, the legacy random access mechanismapplied to NR-U is analyzed.

zh-cn	其次，提出新型随机接入机制的网络实体交互流程，建立新型机制与传统机制中的网络实体交互时序模型；
en-us	Then, the detailed elaboration of the network entity interaction sequence definedin novel mechanism is proposed.

zh-cn	最后以数学推导和仿真的方法对新型机制与传统机制进行对比评估，相关结果显示出新型机制在平均耗时方面的优势。
en-us	Finally, the performance evaluation processes are carried out in the way ofmathematical modeling and experimental simulation, and the analysis result demonstrates that the novelscheme outperforms the benchmark one in the respect of the average random access delay.

zh-cn	该文针对应用非正交多址接入(NOMA)技术的异构蜂窝网络，在考虑层间层内干扰的情况下，提出一种能效最大化的功率分配算法。
en-us	This paper proposes a power allocation scheme for energy efficiency maximization in a downlink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)-based Heterogeneous Network (HetNets) with considering the out-of-cellinterference and in-cell interference.

zh-cn	该算法主要包括两部分，一部分为子信道内用户功率分配因子的求解，主要利用差分优化的方法，迭代求解。
en-us	The scheme contains mainly two parts. One is the power allocationbetween the users at the same sub-channel, where Difference of Convex (DC) functions -programming isexploited to solve the problem.

zh-cn	另一部分为子信道间的功率分配，主要利用凹凸程序法将原有的非凸问题简化为可解的凸问题，最后利用拉格朗日求解法得出功率最优解。
en-us	Another is the power allocation between the sub-channels, in whichConCave–Convex Procedure (CCCP) method and Lagrangian multiplier method are combined to solve theproblem.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明该算法有良好的迭代性，且新算法表明利用NOMA技术得到的系统能效较利用正交技术得到的系统能效提高了至少44%以上。
en-us	The simulation results show that the fast convergence property, and demonstrate that the EE obtained by the proposed algorithms based on NOMA is at least 44% higher than that obtained by the conventional orthogonal multiple access scheme.

zh-cn	数字控制在电力电子领域的优势使得数字脉冲宽度调制的使用日益增加，然而其分辨率不足一直是制约开关电源领域中数字控制技术发展的主要因素之一。
en-us	The advantages of digital control in the field of power electronics lead to an increasing use of DigitalPulse Width Modulation (DPWM). However, the insufficient resolution of DPWM is one of the main factorsthat constrain the development of digital control technology in the field of switch mode power supplies.

zh-cn	针对高分辨率数字脉冲宽度调制的应用需求，该文提出一种基于高速进位链结构的高分辨率数字脉冲宽度调制电路。
en-us	For theapplication requirements of high-resolution DPWM, this paper proposes a high-resolution DPWM circuit basedon high-speed carry chain structure.

zh-cn	该电路采用计数器、比较器、固定相移锁相环单元及高速进位链的混合结构，有效地提高了分辨率，并在Altera的Cyclone IV低成本现场可编程门阵列器件上实现。
en-us	The circuit comprises of counters, comparators, fixed phase shift PLL unitsand high-speed carry chains, which can effectively increase resolution. The circuit is also implemented onAltera’s Cyclone IV low-cost Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices.

zh-cn	实验结果显示，当输入参考时钟工作频率为70 MHz时，该结构的分辨率可达到56 ps。
en-us	The experimental results show that the resolution of the structure can reach 56 ps with 70 MHz input reference clock.

zh-cn	此外，该电路还具有较宽的开关频率调节范围及较好的线性度等优点。
en-us	In addition, the circuitalso has wide switching frequency adjustment range and good linearity.

zh-cn	公钥加密等值测试(PKEET)可以实现云环境下不同公钥加密数据之间的密文等值比较，即不对密文解密的情况下测试两个密文对应的明文是否一致。
en-us	Public Key Encryption with Equality Test (PKEET) is an important method to achieve the equality test of cipher texts which are generated by the different public key aiming to the same plaintext in cloud environment.

zh-cn	但是，密文等值测试加密不提供关键字密文搜索功能。
en-us	In other words, it can tests the plaintext corresponding to the two cipher text’s equivalence without decrypting the cipher text, but does not supply the searchable function.

zh-cn	已有密文等值测试加密方案直接以消息生成陷门作为等值测试的凭证，测试的准确度不高，搜索效率较低。
en-us	Nowadays, the existing PKEET scheme takes directly the message to generate a trapdoor as the proof of equality test, which has low test accuracy and search efficiency.

zh-cn	针对此问题，该文首先提出了支持关键字搜索的无证书密文等值测试加密(CLEETS)方案。
en-us	To solve the above problems, a certificateless public key encryption withequality test scheme supporting keyword search (CertificateLess Equality test EncrypTion with keywordSearch, CLEETS) is proposed.

zh-cn	方案通过关键字检索判断是否包含自己需要的信息，根据判断结果选择执行等值测试，从而避免无效测试。
en-us	The scheme determines whether it contains information needed by the userthrough the keyword search, then performs the equality test according to the search result, which can avoidinvalid test.

zh-cn	然后，在随机预言机模型下证明该方案满足适应性选择关键词不可区分性。
en-us	Then, it is proved that the scheme satisfies the indistinguishability of adaptive selection ofkeywords under the random oracle model.

zh-cn	最后，对方案进行功能和效率对比。
en-us	Finally, the comparison analyses of function and efficiency areperformed.

zh-cn	对比结果表明，该文方案的计算代价略高，但是方案在密文等值测试加密中实现了关键字的检索功能，弥补了效率低的不足。
en-us	The results indicate the computation cost of CLEETS scheme is less efficient. Fortunately, it canrealizes the function of keyword search in encryption with equality test, which can remedies the inefficiency.

zh-cn	随着移动通信技术的快速发展和第5代移动通信(5G)网络的商用，网络空间安全问题日益凸显。
en-us	With the rapid development of mobile communication technologies and the commercial use of 5G,cybersecurity issues are increasingly prominent.

zh-cn	该文针对5G网络空间安全中对抗博弈问题进行探讨，从静态博弈、动态博弈、基于演化和图论的博弈等基础模型以及窃听与窃听对抗、干扰与干扰对抗等典型对抗种类方面，对当前国内外网络空间安全对抗博弈的研究进行分析和归纳，
en-us	For revealing the essence of operation in 5G cybersecurity,current researches on cybersecurity confrontation and game are analyzed from the aspects of basic modelsincluding static game, dynamic game, evolutionary game, and graph-based game, as well as the typicalconfrontation issues including eavesdropping and anti-eavesdropping and jamming and anti-jamming.

zh-cn	并进一步阐述5G网络空间安全对抗博弈研究中潜在的基础理论和对抗规律研究方向，分析5G环境下安全对抗博弈研究的必要性及面临的挑战，为5G网络空间安全攻防对抗研究提供新视角。
en-us	Furthermore, some potential research directions are also set forth in establishing 5G cybersecurity confrontationtheory and general law. Finally, the necessity and challenges of security and game research in 5G networks arediscussed, so as to provide new sights for the research of confrontation in 5G cyberspace.

zh-cn	为了对自动广播相关监视(ADS-B)攻击数据进行弹性恢复，确保空情态势感知信息的持续可用性，该文提出针对ADS-B攻击数据的弹性恢复方法。
en-us	In order to conduct effective resilient recovery on Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast(ADS-B) attack data and ensure the continuous availability of air traffic situation awareness, a resilientrecovery method on ADS-B attack data is proposed.

zh-cn	基于前置的攻击检测机制，获取当前ADS-B量测数据序列和预测数据序列，并在此基础上构建偏差数据序列、差分数据序列和邻近密度数据序列。依托偏差数据构建恢复向量，依托差分数据挖掘攻击数据的时序特性，依托邻近密度数据挖掘攻击数据的空间特性。
en-us	Based on attack detection strategies, the measurement andprediction sequences of ADS-B data are obtained to set up deviation data, differential data and neighbordensity data sequences, which are designed to construct recovery vectors, mine the temporal correlations andthe spatial correlations respectively.

zh-cn	通过整合3种数据序列构建弹性恢复策略并确定恢复终止点，实现对攻击影响的弱化，将ADS-B攻击数据向正常数据方向进行定向恢复。
en-us	The selected data sequences are integrated to accomplish the wholerecovery method and decide the end point of recovery. The method is applied to eliminating attack effects and recovering the attack data towards normal data.

zh-cn	通过对6种典型攻击样式的实验分析，证明该弹性恢复方法能够有效恢复ADS-B攻击数据，削弱数据攻击对监视系统的影响。
en-us	According to the results of experiments on six classical attackpatterns, the proposed method is effective on recovering attack data and eliminating the attack impacts.

zh-cn	FPGA存储器映射算法负责将用户的逻辑存储需求映射到芯片中的分布式存储资源上实现。
en-us	FPGA memory mapping algorithm utilizes distributed storage resources on chip and cooperates with some auxiliary circuits to realize the different needs of users in designing logical storage functions. Previous studies on dual-port memory mapping algorithm are relatively few.

zh-cn	前人对双端口存储器的映射算法研究相对较少，成熟的商业EDA工具的映射结果仍有不少改进空间。
en-us	There is still much space for improvementin the mapping results by mature commercial EDA tools.

zh-cn	该文分别针对面积、延时、功耗这3个常用指标，提出一种双端口存储器映射的优化算法，并给出了具体配置方案。
en-us	An optimization algorithm of dual-port memorymapping is proposed for area, delay and power consumption, and a specific configuration scheme is given.

zh-cn	实验表明，在面向简单存储需求时，与商用工具Vivado的映射结果一致；在面向复杂存储需求时，面积优化和功耗优化的映射结果对比商用工具改善了至少50%。
en-us	Experiments show that when facing simple storage requirements, the mapping results are consistent with thoseof commercial tools; when facing complex storage requirements, the mapping results of area optimization andpower optimization are improved by at least 50% compared with commercial tools Vivado.

zh-cn	为提高对随机脉冲噪声(RVIN)图像的降噪效果，该文提出一种被称为双通道降噪卷积神经网络(D-DnCNN)的RVIN深度降噪模型。
en-us	A Dual-channel Denoising Convolutional Neural Network (D-DnCNN) model for the removal ofRandom-Valued Impulse Noise (RVIN) is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，提取多个不同阶对数差值排序(ROLD)统计值及1个边缘特征统计值构成描述图块中心像素点是否为RVIN噪声的噪声感知特征矢量。
en-us	To obtain the reference image quickly, several Rank-Ordered Logarithmic absolute Difference (ROLD) statistics and one edge feature statistic are first extracted from a local window to construct a RVIN-aware feature vector which can describe the central pixel of the patchis RVIN or not.

zh-cn	其次，利用预先训练好的深度置信网络(DBN)预测模型实现特征矢量到噪声标签的映射，完成对噪声图像中噪声点的检测。
en-us	Next, a noise detector based on Deep Belief Network (DBN) is trained to map the extractedfeature vectors to their corresponding noise labels to detect all noise-like pixels in the observed image.

zh-cn	再次，在噪声检测标签的指示下采用Delaunay三角剖分插值算法快速修复噪声像素点从而获得初步复原图像。
en-us	Then, under the guidance of noise labels, the Delaunay triangulation-based interpolation algorithm is exploited to restore all detected noise-like pixels quickly and generate a preliminary restored image used as reference image.

zh-cn	最后，将初步复原图像作为参考图像与噪声图像联接(concatenate)后输入D-DnCNN模型后获得残差图像，将参考图像减去残差图像即可获得降噪后图像。
en-us	Finally, the reference image and the noisy image are simultaneously fed into the D-DnCNN model to output itscorresponding residual image, and the final restored image can be obtained by subtracting the residual imagefrom the noisy image.

zh-cn	实验数据表明：D-DnCNN模型在各个噪声比例下的降噪效果均显著超过了现有的经典开关型RVIN降噪算法，与普通的单通道RVIN深度降噪模型相比也有较大幅度提升。
en-us	Extensive experimental results show that, the denoising effect of the proposed D-DnCNNdenoising model outperforms the existing state-of-art switching ones across a range of noise ratios, and it alsoworks better than the ordinary single-channel DnCNN model.

zh-cn	移动云计算、人工智能(AI)、5G等新兴技术应用促使弹性光网络(EON)在骨干传输网中发挥更重要的角色，降级服务(DS)技术为降低EON的业务阻塞率、提高频谱利用率提供了新途径。
en-us	Emerging technology applications such as mobile cloud computing, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and 5Gpromot Elastic Optical Network (EON) to play an important role in the backbone transmission network.Degraded Service (DS) technology can provide a new way to reduce traffic congestion and improve spectrumutilization in EON.

zh-cn	该文首先对现有DS算法的资源分配不公、忽略低等级业务的体验质量(QoE)等问题，建立了以最小化降级频次、降级等级与传输时延损失(TDL)为联合优化目标的混合整数线性规划(MILP)模型，并提出一种时延感知的降级恢复路由与频谱分配(DDR-RSA)算法。
en-us	Firstly, considering the problems of unfair resource allocation and neglecting the Quality ofExperience (QoE) of low-priority services in existing DS algorithms, a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP)model with the joint objective of minimizing downgrade frequency, downgrade level and Transmission DelayLoss (TDL) is established. A Delay-aware Degradation-Recovery Routing and Spectrum Assignment (DRR-RSA) algorithm for degraded recovery is proposed.

zh-cn	为提高降级业务的QoE和运营商收益，在算法的最优DS窗口选择阶段中融入降级恢复策略，
en-us	In order to improve the QoE of downgraded services andthe revenue of operators, the strategy of degradation recovery is integrated in the optimal DS-window selectionphase of the algorithm.

zh-cn	在保障传输数据量不变的前提下，将降级业务向空闲频域复原，从而提高频谱效率、减小降级业务TDL和最大化网络收益。
en-us	Under the premise of guaranteeing the transmission data quantity unchanged, thedegradable services are restored to the free spectrum domain, so as to increase the spectrum efficiency, reducedegraded service TDL and maximize revenue.

zh-cn	最后，通过仿真证明了所提算法在业务阻塞率、网络收益和降级业务成功率等方面的优势。
en-us	Finally, the simulation results tesfity that the proposed algorithmhas advantages in terms of traffic congestion, revenue and degraded service success-rate.

zh-cn	云计算作为一种新型计算模式，具有海量资源、动态扩展、按需分配等特点。
en-us	Cloud computing, as a new computing paradigm, offers dynamically scalable and seemly unboundedstorage and computation resources in a pay-as-you-go manner.

zh-cn	资源受限的用户可以将计算任务外包给云服务器，在享受高质量数据服务的同时大大降低了本地管理开销。
en-us	In order to enjoy superior data services and reduce the local maintenance cost, more and more resource-constrained users prefer to outsource their data to the cloud server.

zh-cn	然而，数据外包导致数据所有权与管理权分离，如何保证数据的安全性成为云计算中亟待解决的关键问题。
en-us	However, outsourcing data to the remote server suffers from data security concerns, becausethe server may try to learn the information of the outsourced data as much as possible for commercial purpose.

zh-cn	传统的加密技术虽然可以保证数据的机密性，但是在密文中如何执行有意义的检索操作成为一个巨大的挑战。
en-us	The traditional encryption technique can protect the confidentiality of users’ data, however, it leads to the lossof search ability over the encrypted data.

zh-cn	为了保证数据机密性的同时实现密文数据的高效检索，可搜索加密技术应运而生。
en-us	Fortunately, searchable encryption, as a promising solution, enablesthe server to perform keyword-based search over encrypted data.

zh-cn	近年来，可搜索加密方案的设计日趋多样化，旨在提高方案的实用性。
en-us	Recently, the design of searchable encryptionscheme is becoming more and more diversified, aiming to improve the practicability of the scheme.

zh-cn	该文主要围绕目前可搜索加密方案的研究热点，从4个方面展开阐述，具体包括：单关键词检索、多模式检索、前/后向安全检索和可验证检索。
en-us	This paper focuses on the current research for searchable encryption scheme in four aspects, including single keyword search, multi-modal search, forward/ backward secure search and verifiable search.

zh-cn	该文主要介绍和分析具有代表性的研究成果，总结最新研究进展及提炼关键技术难点，最后对未来的研究方向进行展望。
en-us	This paper mainlyintroduces and analyzes the representative research results, summarizes the latest research progress and keytechnical difficulties, and finally prospects the future research direction.

zh-cn	DNA链置换技术具有自发性、并行性、可编程性、动态级联性的特点，在DNA计算中占据重要的地位。
en-us	DNA strand displacement technology has the characteristics of spontaneity, parallelism,programmability and dynamic cascade, which is widely used to solve mathematical problems.

zh-cn	DNA链置换技术被广泛的应用于解决数学问题，该文采用格雷码编码方式结合DNA链置换技术设计了两位减法器，扩展DNA减法运算。
en-us	In this paper, a two-bit subtracter is designed by using Gray code encoding and DNA strand displacement technology to extendthe operation of DNA subtraction.

zh-cn	最后利用Visual DSD软件模拟两位减法器，该电路达到预期的功能，且具有并行性和可扩展性，可与其他生化电路结合使用。
en-us	Finally, Visual DSD software is used to simulate the two-bit subtracter. Thecircuit, with the strong parallelism and expansibility, achieves the expected function. It can be used incombination with other biochemical circuits.

zh-cn	加速度和下降速度的存在使机动平台大斜视SAR的成像参数存在明显的2维空变性，严重影响场景的聚焦深度。
en-us	The existence of acceleration and descent velocity makes the imaging parameters of high-squint SAR mounted on maneuvering platform have obvious two-dimensional spatial variability, which affects seriously the focus depth of the scene.

zh-cn	针对这个问题，该文提出了一种基于Keystone变换和扰动重采样的机动SAR成像方法。
en-us	To solve this problem, a maneuvering SAR imaging method based on Key stone transform and azimuth perturbation resampling is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，通过距离走动校正和去加速处理实现距离方位解耦以及方位频谱去混叠，然后采用方位时域的Keystone变换校正空变的距离徙动；
en-us	First of all, the range azimuth decoupling and the azimuth spectrum de Aliasing are realized by the range walk correction and de-acceleration processing. Then the spatial-variant range cell migration is corrected by the Keystone transform in the azimuth time domain;

zh-cn	在方位压缩过程中，通过引入时域的高阶扰动因子去除多普勒参数的2阶及3阶方位空变性，然后通过方位频域的重采样处理去除多普勒参数的方位1阶空变性。
en-us	In the process of azimuth compression, the second- and third-order spatial variabilities of Doppler parameters are removed by introducing the high-order perturbation factor in the time domain, and then the first-order spatialvariability of the Doppler parameters is removed by the azimuth resampling processing in the azimuthfrequency domain.

zh-cn	所提方法能够有效校正距离徙动轨迹和方位聚焦参数的2维空变性，实现机动平台大斜SAR的大场景成像，仿真分析验证了所提方法的有效性。
en-us	The proposed method can effectively correct the two-dimensional spatial variability of rangecell migration trajectory and azimuth focus parameters, and realize the large scene imaging of high-squintmaneuvering SAR. Simulation analysis verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.

zh-cn	在多小区大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中，导频污染已经成为制约整个系统的瓶颈，合理地使用导频资源能减轻导频污染的影响。
en-us	In multi-cell massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems, pilot contamination hasbecome the bottleneck which restricts the performance of the whole system, so the reasonable usage of pilot resources can mitigate the pilot contamination of the system.

zh-cn	为了寻找使边缘用户和容量最大的导频分配方式，该文首次提出了基于迟滞噪声混沌神经网络(HNCNN)的导频分配方案。
en-us	In order to find the pilot allocation method thatmaximizes the total transmission capacity of edge users, a pilot allocation scheme based on Hysteretic NoiseChaotic Neural Network (HNCNN) is proposed for the first time.

zh-cn	迟滞噪声混沌神经网络作为良好的优化工具，其优化能力与所设计的能量函数相关。
en-us	HNCNN is a famous optimization tool, and its optimization ability is related to the designed energy function.

zh-cn	该方案结合导频资源使用的特点以及最大化边缘用户和容量的计算方式，设计了新的能量函数。
en-us	This scheme combines the characteristics of pilot resource usage and the calculation method of maximizing the total transmission capacity of edge users to design a new energy function.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，网络能在一定迭代次数后收敛到较优的导频分配方式。
en-us	The simulation results show that the proposed network can converge to a betterpilot allocation mode after a certain number of iterations.

zh-cn	与其它文献方案相比，采用以HNCNN为框架求取导频分配方式，可以更有效减轻导频污染的影响，使系统性能得到改善。
en-us	Compared with other literature pilot allocationsolution, the pilot allocation method based on HNCNN can further reduce the influence of pilot contaminationand improve the system performance.

zh-cn	针对复杂工况下滚动轴承故障信号盲提取问题，该文提出一种独立分量分析(ICA)中非线性函数自适应选择方法，解决了等变化自适应源分离算法(EASI)在多类振动源共存的情况下无法分离轴承故障信号的问题。
en-us	For the problem of blind extraction of rolling bearing fault signals under complex working conditions, an adaptive selection method of non-linear functions in Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is proposed, which solves the problem that Equivariant Adaptive Separation via Independence(EASI) can not separate bearing fault signals when multiple vibration sources coexist.

zh-cn	此外，为了解决在线盲分离算法稳态误差与收敛速率的平衡问题，提出基于模糊逻辑的自适应迭代步长选择方法，极大地提高了学习算法的收敛速度，且稳态误差更小。
en-us	In addition, in order to balance the steady-stateerror and convergence rate of the online blind separation algorithm, an adaptive iterative step selection methodbased on fuzzy logic is proposed, which improves greatly the convergence speed of the learning algorithm andreduces the steady-state error.

zh-cn	轴承故障数据的盲提取仿真结果验证了算法的性能。
en-us	The simulation results of blind extraction of bearing fault data verify theperformance of the proposed algorithm.

zh-cn	针对传统LS-ESPRIT算法在估计GTD模型参数时抗噪效果差，估计精度不高这一问题，该文提出了一种改进的LS-ESPRT算法，有效地提高了算法的参数估计性能与抗噪性。
en-us	The traditional Least Squares-Estimating Signal Parameter via Rotational Invariance Techniques(LS-ESPRIT) algorithm is not effective while estimating parameters of the Geometric Theory of Diffraction(GTD) at lower SNR. To solve this problem, an improved LS-ESPRIT algorithm is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	首先，根据雷达目标的回波数据构建Hankel矩阵；
en-us	Firstly, a Hankel matrix is constructed by the echo data of radar targets.

zh-cn	其次，采用核范数凸优化方法对上述Hankel矩阵进行降噪处理，得到低秩的重构Hankel矩阵；
en-us	Secondly,a low- rank reconstructedHankel matrix is obtained,which is solved by the nuclear norm convex optimization method.

zh-cn	最后，利用传统的LS-ESPRIT算法对降噪后的数据进行处理，估计出GTD模型参数。
en-us	Finally, thetraditional LS-ESPRIT algorithm is used to process the data after noise reduction and estimate the parametersof the GTD model.

zh-cn	基于改进算法与传统算法分别得到重构RCS，并针对不同带宽对参数估计精度的影响作以仿真探究。
en-us	Moreover,the reconstructed Radar Cross Section (RCS) can be obtained by the traditionalLS-ESPRIT algorithm and the improved LS-ESPRIT algorithm. The influence of different bandwidths onparameter estimation is also analyzed in this paper.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，与传统LS-ESPRIT算法与传统TLS-ESPRIT算法相比，改进LS-ESPRIT算法的参数估计性能更高，抗噪性更强，且重构RCS的幅值与相角误差更小。
en-us	Simulation results show that the estimation accuracy andnoise resistance of the improved LS-ESPRIT algorithm is better than the traditional LS-ESPRIT algorithm andthe traditional TLS-ESPRIT algorithm. Furthermore, the amplitude error and phase angle error of the RCSwhich is reconstructed by the improved algorithm are smaller than the traditional algorithm.

zh-cn	对不同带宽下的参数估计精度也进行了探究，并得出：带宽越大，估计精度越高。
en-us	Different bandwidths also have influences on parameter estimation accuracy, the more wider bandwidth is, the more accurate parameters can be estimated.

zh-cn	邻道干扰(ACI)抑制中需要获取干扰信号非线性特征进行信号重建与抵消，因此接收机需使用高速率宽带模数转换器(ADC)采集干扰信号，这将大幅增加接收机成本。
en-us	In Adjacent Channel Interference (ACI) suppression, in order to obtain the nonlinear characteristicsof interference signal for reconstruction and cancellation, the receiver needs to use high-sampling-rate widebandAnalog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) to sample interference signal, which will greatly increase the cost of thereceiver.

zh-cn	针对上述问题，该文提出一种采用干扰信号带外分量卷积反演的邻道干扰抑制方法，
en-us	To solve the problem, a ACI suppression method based on deconvolution of interference signal’s out-of-band component is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	利用接收的干扰信号带外非线性分量，计算并消除相邻帧之间的影响，由窄带部分卷积信号帧构造出线性卷积信号帧，然后用正则化最小二乘方法恢复原始非线性宽带干扰信号，从而降低ADC采样率。
en-us	By using the known out-of-band nonlinear component, theinfluence between adjacent frames is calculated and eliminated, and then the narrow band linear convolutionframe is constructed from the partial convolution frame. Finally, the original wide band signal is recovered byregularized least square method, thus reducing the ADC sampling rate.

zh-cn	仿真验证结果表明当采样率仅为传统方案1/3，所提方法带来的残余干扰不高于底噪6 dB。
en-us	The simulation results show that whenthe sampling rate is only 1/3 of the traditional scheme, the residual interference brought by the proposedmethod is not higher than the noise floor of 6 dB.

zh-cn	针对难以准确有效地提取混合失真图像质量特征的问题，该文提出一种基于空间分布分析的图像质量评价方法。
en-us	Considering the problem that it is difficult to accurately and effectively extract the quality features ofmixed distortion image, an image quality assessment method based on spatial distribution analysis is proposed.

zh-cn	首先将图像进行亮度系数归一化处理，然后将图像进行分块，利用卷积神经网络(CNN)进行端对端的深度学习，采用多层次卷积核堆叠的方法获取图像的质量感知特征，并通过全连接层将特征映射到图像块的质量分数。
en-us	Firstly, the brightness coefficients of the image are normalized, and the image is divided into blocks. While the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used for end-to-end depth learning, the multi-level stacking of convolution cores is applied to acquire image quality perception features. The feature is mapped to the massfraction of the image block through the full connection layer, then the quality pool is obtained by aggregatingthe quality of the block.

zh-cn	再将块质量分数汇总获取质量池，通过对质量池中局部质量的空间分布情况进行分析，提取能够表征其空间分布情况的特征，然后采用神经网络建立局部质量到整体质量的映射模型，将图像的局部质量进行汇总。
en-us	Through the analysis of the spatial distribution of local quality in the quality pool, thefeatures that can represent its spatial distribution are extracted, and then the mapping model from local qualityto overall quality is established by the neural network to aggregate the local quality of the image.

zh-cn	最后在MLIVE, MDID2013, MDID2016混合失真图像库中进行性能测试以及与相关的对比算法进行比较，验证了该算法的有效性。
en-us	Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by the performance tests in MLIVE, MDID2013 and MDID2016 mixed distortion image databases.

zh-cn	一直以来，情绪是心理学、教育学、信息科学等多个学科的研究热点，脑电信号(EEG)因其客观、不易伪装的特点，在情绪识别领域受到广泛关注。
en-us	Emotion has always been a research hot spot in many disciplines such as psychology, education, andinformation science.  Electro EncephaloGram(EEG) signal has received extensive attention in the field ofemotion recognition because of its objective and not easy to disguise.

zh-cn	由于人类情绪是大脑多个脑区相互作用产生的，该文提出一种基于同步性脑网络的支持张量机情绪分类算法(SBN-STM)，
en-us	Since human emotions are generated bythe interaction of multiple brain regions in the brain, an algorithm of Support Tensor Machine based onSynchronous Brain Network (SBN-STM) for emotion classification is proposed.

zh-cn	该算法采用相位锁定值(PLV)构建了同步性脑网络，分析多导联脑电信号之间的同步性和相关性，并生成2阶张量序列作为训练集，运用支持张量机(STM)模型实现正负情绪的二分类。
en-us	The algorithm uses Phase Locking Value (PLV) to construct a synchronous brain network, in order to analyze the synchronization and correlation between multi-channel EEG signals, and generate a second-order tensor sequence as a training set. The Support Tensor Machine (STM) model can distinguish a two-category of positive and negative emotions.

zh-cn	该文基于DEAP脑电情绪数据库，详细分析了同步性脑网络张量序列的选取方法，最佳张量序列窗口的大小和位置，解决了传统情绪分类算法特征冗余的问题，提高了模型训练速度。
en-us	Based on the DEAP EEG emotion database, this paper analyzes the selection method of synchronic brain network tensor sequence, the research on the size and position of the optimal tensor sequence window solves the problem of traditional emotion classification algorithm which always exists feature redundancy, and improves the model training speed.

zh-cn	仿真实验表明，基于支持张量机的同步性脑网络分类方法的情绪准确率优于支持向量机、C4.5决策树、人工神经网络、K近邻等以向量为特征的情绪分类模型。
en-us	The results show that the accuracy of the emotional classification method based on SBN-STM is better than support vector machine, C4.5 decision tree, artificial neural network, and K-nearest neighbor which using vectors as input feature.

zh-cn	针对地震后高层建筑物结构损伤监测问题，该文提出一种基于方向码匹配(OCM)和边缘增强匹配(EEM)算法的微小位移测量算法。
en-us	A micro-displacement measurement algorithm is proposed based on the Orientation Code Matching(OCM) and Edge Enhanced Matching (EEM) algorithms for monitoring the structural damage of tall buildingsafter earthquake.

zh-cn	该算法先将原始图像梯度信息与像素强度融合，增强图像信息；采用相位相关法进行匹配运算，匹配速度比归一化互相关法提升了96.1%；
en-us	The algorithm first fuses the gradient information of the original image with the pixel intensity to enhance the image information; Then the phase correlation method is used to perform the matching operation, the matching speed is 96.1% higher than the normalized cross-correlation method;

zh-cn	最后使用亚像素插值法，使测量结果达到亚像素精度。
en-us	Finally, the sub-pixel interpolation method is used to make the measurement achieve sub-pixel accuracy.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该文算法避免了OCM和EEM算法量化过程中图像梯度信息的损失，大大提高了模板匹配精度，匹配速度比OCM提升了43.3%，比EEM提升了19.6%。
en-us	Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm avoids the loss of image gradient information during the quantization ofOCM and EEM algorithms, greatly improves the template matching accuracy, and the matching speed is 43.3%higher than OCM and 19.6% higher than EEM.

zh-cn	近年来，基于运动矢量的视频隐写引起了信息隐藏领域研究者的广泛关注。
en-us	In recent years, research on motion vector-based video steganography has attracted considerable attention from researchers in the field of information hiding.

zh-cn	许多视频隐写方法通过合理地对运动矢量定义加性嵌入失真函数获得了良好的性能，然而这些方法忽略了载体元素之间的相互嵌入影响。
en-us	Many video steganographic methods incorporatingmotion vector-based additive embedding distortion functions have achieved good performance. However, themutual embedding impact between cover elements in video steganography is neglected in these additiveembedding distortion functions.

zh-cn	该文提出的利用非加性嵌入失真的视频隐写方法为运动矢量设计了可以反映相互嵌入影响的联合嵌入失真，并通过分解联合失真实现修改概率的转换，从而动态、合理地在运动矢量的水平分量和垂直分量分配秘密消息。
en-us	In this paper, joint distortion which reflects the mutual embedding impact formotion vectors is designed. By decomposing joint embedding distortion, modification probability transformationcan be achieved and embedding payloads can be dynamically and reasonably allocated in horizontalcomponents and vertical components of motion vectors. Therefore, the video steganography method using non-additive embedding distortion is proposed.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，与使用加性嵌入失真方法相比，该方法能获得更好的安全性和率失真性能。
en-us	Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method canenhance the security performance significantly compared with the typical methods using additive embeddingdistortions and obtain the relatively better video coding quality as well.

zh-cn	软件定义网络(SDN)为网络基础设施提供灵活性、可管理性以及可编程性的同时，引入了诸多新型的攻击向量。
en-us	The flexibility, manageability, and programmability brought by Software-Defined Networking (SDN),however come at the cost of new attack vectors.

zh-cn	该文介绍了攻击者针对OpenFlow关键字段发起的恶意操纵攻击，并设计了3种基于数据包转发时延的嗅探技术以保证字段操纵攻击在真实SDN网络中的可实施性。
en-us	Malicious manipulation attacks against the key fields inOpenFlow is proposed, and three sniffing technologies based on forwarding delay to ensure the feasibility of manipulation attacks are designed.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，字段操纵攻击严重消耗了SDN网络资源，进而导致合法用户之间的通信性能明显降低。
en-us	The experimental results show that the field manipulation attacks consumeSDN resources greatly, leading to a significant decrease in the communication performance between legitimateusers.

zh-cn	针对低信噪比下非周期长码直接序列码分多址(NPLC-DS-CDMA)信号伪码序列估计问题，该文提出一种基于张量分解和多项式库搜索的多天线估计方法。
en-us	To deal with the problem of estimation of the pseudo noise sequence for Non-Periodic Long CodeDirect Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (NPLC-DS-CDMA) signals under low signal-to-noise ratio, amethod using multi-antenna based on tensor decomposition and polynomial library search is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法首先对接收信号建模为3阶张量模型并根据扩频增益分割为多个子张量，
en-us	Firstly,the received signals are modeled as a third-order tensor model and the tensor is divided into multiple sub-tensors according to the spreading gain.

zh-cn	然后利用交替最小二乘投影(ALSP)算法对子张量进行CP分解得到伪码片段因子矩阵和接收增益因子矩阵，利用接收增益矩阵互相关性和旁瓣能量检测对伪码片段组合序列筛选得到每个用户的伪码序列，
en-us	Secondly, the pseudo noise code fragment factor matrixs and thereceiver gain factor matrixs are obtained from the sub-tensors by Canonical Polyadic (CP) decomposition whichuses the Alternating Least Squares Projection (ALSP) algorithm, and then the pseudo noise sequence of eachuser is obtained by selecting pseudo noise code fragment combination sequence according to the cross-correlation of the receiver gain factor matrixs and sidelobe energy detection.

zh-cn	最后利用多项式库搜索的方法识别出伪码序列的生成多项式，进一步提高伪码序列估计的正确率。
en-us	Finally, the polynomial librarysearch method is applied to identifying the generator polynomial of the pseudo noise sequence in order tofurther improve the accuracy of the pseudo code sequence estimation.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提方法能够实现对NPLC-DS-CDMA信号伪码序列的有效估计。
en-us	The simulation results show that theproposed method can effectively estimate the pseudo noise sequence of the multi-antenna NPLC-DS-CDMAsignals.

zh-cn	现有频谱弥散干扰(SMSP)抑制算法以一个长度为雷达发射信号的受干扰回波为处理对象，未涉及相参处理间隔内整体回波。
en-us	The existing SMeared SPectrum (SMSP) jamming suppression algorithms take a jammed echo whoselength equal to radar transmitting signal as the processing object and do not involve the whole echo within thecoherent processing interval.

zh-cn	针对此问题，该文以自卫式干扰条件下线性调频(LFM)相参体制雷达抗SMSP干扰为背景，提出快慢时间域联合处理抑制SMSP干扰算法。
en-us	For this problem, a jamming suppression algorithm based on fast and slow time domain joint processing is proposed under the background of Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) coherentradar countering SMSP jamming.

zh-cn	分析了SMSP干扰时频特征和对相参雷达的干扰特性，
en-us	The time and frequency domain characteristics of SMSP are studied and the effect on coherent radar is analyzed on the condition of self screening jamming.

zh-cn	在此基础上，设计了慢时间微分熵估计干扰位置，相关系数最大准则估计干扰参数，双正交傅里叶变换快时间分段重构干扰信号和干扰对消的抑制流程。
en-us	On this basis, four processing steps are designed to suppress the SMSP jamming. Firstly, the jamming fast time location is estimated by calculating the differential entropy of slow time signal. Secondly, the real jamming parameter is found based on the maximum correlation coefficient criterion. Then the jamming signals are reconstructed using Biorthogonal Fourier Transform. Finally, the SMSP jamming is suppressed by cancellation.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提算法模型与雷达处理流程切合度高，对比分析进一步验证算法效能。
en-us	The simulation results show thatthe proposed algorithm model is highly consistent with the actual radar processing flow, and the efficiency isfurther verified through algorithms comparison.

zh-cn	针对5G网络高可靠性、低时延的服务需求，该文提出一种面向时延与可靠性优化的服务功能链(SFC)部署(DROSD)方法。
en-us	For the high reliability and low delay service requirements of 5G network, a Delay and ReliabilityOptimization of Service Function Chain (SFC) Deployment (DROSD) method is proposed.

zh-cn	在不预留冗余资源的情况下，首先通过功能互斥约束来确定SFC中相邻虚拟网络功能(VNF)是否可聚合；
en-us	Without reservationof redundant resources, firstly, the function mutually exclusive constraints are used to determine whether theadjacent Virtual Network Function (VNF) in SFC can be combined;

zh-cn	其次通过功能性约束、资源约束选择可聚合物理节点集合，实现负载均衡，提高SFC可靠性；
en-us	Secondly, functional constraints andresource constraints are used to select combinatorial physical node set to achieve load balancing and improvethe reliability of SFC;

zh-cn	然后通过跳数约束进行优化，进一步筛选可聚合物理节点集合以降低SFC的端到端时延；最后通过节点可用资源、节点度以及与原节点跳数指标进行降序排列，取最大值物理节点部署VNF。
en-us	Thirdly, the end-to-end delay of SFC is reduced by hop number constraints, and finallythe VNF is deployed by the physical node with the maximum value, which is arranged in descending orderthrough the available resources, node degree and hops from the original node.

zh-cn	SFC的路由选择，采用K-最短路径算法。
en-us	The routing of SFC adopts K-shortest path algorithm.

zh-cn	仿真实验表明，该文所提算法提高了请求接受率、长期平均收益开销比，增强了SFC可靠性，降低了端到端时延，减小了平均带宽开销。
en-us	The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm improves the requestacceptance rate and the long-term average ratio of revenue to cost, enhances the reliability of SFC, reduces theend-to-end delay, and reduces the average bandwidth cost.

zh-cn	为了解决基于集中式算法的传统物联网数据分析处理方式易引发网络带宽压力过大、延迟过高以及数据隐私安全等问题，该文针对弹性网络回归这一典型的线性回归模型，提出一种面向物联网(IoT)的分布式学习算法。
en-us	In order to solve the problems caused by the traditional data analysis based on the centralized algorithm in the IoT, such as excessive bandwidth occupation, high communication latency and data privacy leakage, considering the typical linear regression model of elastic net regression, a distributed learning algorithm for Internet of Things (IoT) is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	该算法基于交替方向乘子法(ADMM)，将弹性网络回归目标优化问题分解为多个能够由物联网节点利用本地数据进行独立求解的子问题。
en-us	This algorithm is based on the the Alternating DirectionMethod of Multipliers (ADMM) framework. It decomposes the objective problem of elastic net regression intoseveral sub-problems that can be solved independently by each IoT node using its local data.

zh-cn	不同于传统的集中式算法，该算法并不要求物联网节点将隐私数据上传至服务器进行训练，而仅仅传递本地训练的中间参数，再由服务器进行简单整合，以这样的协作方式经过多轮迭代获得最终结果。
en-us	Different from traditional centralized algorithms, the proposed algorithm does not require the IoT node to upload its private data to the server for training, but rather the locally trained intermediate parameters to the server for aggregation. In such a collaborative manner, the server can finally obtain the objective model after severaliterations.

zh-cn	基于两个典型数据集的实验结果表明：该算法能够在几十轮迭代内快速收敛到最优解。
en-us	The experimental results on two typical datasets indicate that the proposed algorithm can quicklyconverge to the optimal solution within dozens of iterations.

zh-cn	相比于由单个节点独立训练模型的本地化算法，该算法提高了模型结果的有效性和准确性；
en-us	As compared to the localized algorithm in whicheach node trains the model solely based on its own local data, the proposed algorithm improves the validity andthe accuracy of training models;

zh-cn	相比于集中式算法，该算法在确保计算准确性和可扩展性的同时，可有效地保护个体隐私数据的安全性。
en-us	as compared to the centralized algorithm, the proposed algorithm canguarantee the accuracy and the scalability of model training, and well protect the individual private data fromleakage.

zh-cn	软件定义光网络(SDON)作为智能光网络中最新一代网络架构，其控制平面承载着诸多核心功能，其中控制平面的生存性、控制冗余和控制时延等因素对网络整体性能起到至关重要的作用。
en-us	Software-Defined Optical Network (SDON) is the latest generation network architecture in intelligentoptical networks. Its control plane carries many core functions. The survivability of control plane, control redundancy and control delay are crucial to the overall performance of the network.

zh-cn	该文提出一种以生存性条件为约束的软件定义光网络(SCD)控制器部署算法，在保证用户对网络生存性需求的前提下，利用最短路径和极小支配集等数学原理来降低控制时延和减少控制器部署个数，降低控制冗余，并利用联合判决条件选择管控中心部署节点，协调控制器间的工作。
en-us	In this paper, aSurvivability-Constrained software-Defined (SCD) optical network controller deployment algorithm is proposed.Under the premise of ensuring users' network survivability requirements, mathematical principles such asshortest path and minimum dominance set are used to reduce control delay, and reduce the number ofcontroller deployments to reduce control redundancy. A joint judgment condition is used to select the controlcenter deployment node to coordinate the work between the controllers.

zh-cn	实验表明：首先，所提算法可以百分之百保证用户对网络的生存性要求；
en-us	Experiments show that: Firstly, theproposed algorithm can guarantee the user's survivability requirements for the network 100%.

zh-cn	其次，所提算法相对于C-MPC算法至少降低了15%的网络故障告警概率，提高了网络生存性；
en-us	Secondly, theproposed algorithm reduces the network failure alarm probability by at least 15% compared with the C-MPCalgorithm, and improves the network survivability.

zh-cn	同时，相对于以时延为约束的部署算法减少了约40%的控制器部署个数。
en-us	At the same time, about 40% of the number of controllerdeployments is reduced relative to the deployment algorithm with latency constraints.

zh-cn	特别是在生存性要求较高的场景中，所提算法表现出良好的适应性。
en-us	Especially in the scenariowhere the survivability requirements are high, the proposed algorithm shows good adaptability.

zh-cn	此外，管控中心的部署算法在复杂的大规模网络中，可以动态地满足用户对网络生存性不同程度的需求。
en-us	In addition, the deployment algorithm of the control center can dynamically meet the different needs of users for networksurvivability in a complex large-scale network.

zh-cn	物理层安全技术从信息论安全理论出发，保障通信安全，是实现安全与通信一体化的关键手段，逐渐成为国内外研究热点。
en-us	Physical layer security technology secures wireless communications based on information securitytheory, which is the key means to realize the integration of security and communication, and has becomegradually a research hotspot at home and abroad.

zh-cn	该文围绕无线通信物理层密钥生成技术研究，主要聚焦在物理层密钥生成技术的理论模型，机制机理和研究现状，
en-us	The research of key generation technology in the physicallayer of wireless communication is studied, mainly focusing on the theoretical model, mechanism and researchstatus of key generation technologies.

zh-cn	重点对比分析了两种不同类型密钥生成算法，即源型密钥生成算法和信道型密钥生成算法的区别和联系，揭示了物理层密钥技术利用通信信道内在安全属性促进通信安全的实质。
en-us	Through the comparison and analysis of the two different types of keygeneration algorithms, that is, the source key generation algorithm and the channel key generation algorithm,the essence of physical layer key technologies using communication channel’s inherent security attributes topromote communication security is revealed.

zh-cn	特别地，该文给出了一种可行的物理层密钥生成5G工程实现框架。
en-us	In particular, a feasible physical layer key generation 5Gengineering implementation framework is presented.

zh-cn	最后，该文展望了物理层密钥生成技术未来可能的研究方向。
en-us	Finally, the possible future research directions of physicallayer key generation technologies is prospected.

zh-cn	超大视场(U-FOV)红外成像系统探测范围大、不受光照限制，但存在尺度多样、小目标丰富的特点。
en-us	The infrared imaging system of Ultrawide Field Of View (U-FOV) has large monitoring range and isnot limited by illumination, but there are diverse scales and abundant small objects.

zh-cn	为此该文提出一种具备背景感知能力的多尺度红外行人检测方法，在提高小目标检测性能的同时，减少冗余计算。
en-us	For accurately detecting them, a multi-scale infrared pedestrian detection method is proposed with the ability of background-awareness, which can improve the detection performance of small objects and reduce the redundant computation.

zh-cn	首先，构建了4尺度的特征金字塔网络分别独立预测目标，补充高分辨率细节特征。
en-us	Firstly, a four scales feature pyramid network is constructed to predict object independently and supplement detail features with higher resolution.

zh-cn	其次，在特征金字塔结构的横向连接中融入注意力模块，产生显著性特征，抑制不相关区域的特征响应、突出图像局部目标特征。
en-us	Secondly, attention module is integrated into the horizontal connection offeature pyramid structure to generate salient features, suppress feature response of irrelevant areas and enhancethe object features.

zh-cn	最后，在显著性系数的基础上构建了锚框掩膜生成子网络，约束锚框位置，排除平坦背景，提高处理效率。
en-us	Finally, the anchor mask generation subnetwork is constructed on the basis of salientcoefficient to the location of the anchors, to eliminate the flat background, and to improve the processingefficiency.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，显著性生成子网络仅增加5.94%的处理时间，具备轻量特性；
en-us	The experimental results show that the salient generation subnetwork only increases the processingtime by 5.94%, and has the lightweight characteristic.

zh-cn	超大视场(U-FOV)红外行人数据集上的识别准确率达到了93.20%，比YOLOv3高了26.49%；
en-us	The Average-Precision is 93.20% on the U-FOV infraredpedestrian dataset, 26.49% higher than that of YOLOv3.

zh-cn	锚框约束策略能节约处理时间18.05%。
en-us	Anchor box constraint strategy can save 18.05% ofprocessing time.

zh-cn	重构模型具有轻量性和高准确性，适合于检测超大视场中的多尺度红外目标。
en-us	The proposed method is lightweight and accurate, which is suitable for detecting multi-scaleinfrared objects in the U-FOV camera.

zh-cn	为了解决Alpha稳定分布噪声下目标螺旋桨特征提取问题，该文提出一种基于分数低阶循环谱的特征提取方法。
en-us	In order to solve the problem of target propeller features extraction under Alpha stable distribution noise, a method based on fractional low-order cyclic spectrum is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，从理论上推导出脉冲噪声条件下舰船辐射噪声分数低阶循环谱，指出分数低阶循环谱中出现峰值与螺旋桨特征的关系。
en-us	Firstly, the low-order cyclicspectrum of ship radiation noise in impulse noise is derived, and the relationship between the propeller featuresand the peak value in the fractional low-order cyclic spectrum is given.

zh-cn	然后根据该关系，提出基于分数低阶循环谱的螺旋桨特征估计方法。
en-us	Based on this, a propeller feature estimation method based on fractional low-order cyclic spectrum is proposed.

zh-cn	最后，通过仿真实验验证该方法的性能，并通过实测数据进一步验证了算法有效性。
en-us	Finally, the performance ofmethod is verified by simulation experiments, and the effectiveness of the algorithm is further verified by theactual data.

zh-cn	通过对一种低功耗高噪声源真随机数发生器(TRNG)的研究，设计了一种新型的低频时钟电路，可以把电阻热噪声放大100倍以上，从而减少低频时钟电路的带宽和电阻值，使电路的面积和功耗减少，并且使低频时钟的jitter到达58.2 ns。
en-us	Through the research of a True Random Number Generator (TRNG), which is a low-power and high-noise source, a new type of low-frequency clock is designed. It can amplify the thermal noise of resistance more than 100 times, thus reducing the bandwidth and resistance value of the circuit, reducing the area and power consumption of the circuit, and making the jitter of low-frequency clock reach 58.2 ns.

zh-cn	电路采用SMIC 40 nm CMOS工艺设计，完成了流片和测试，真随机数产生器输出速度范围为1.38～3.33 Mbit/s，电路整体功耗为0.11 mW，面积为0.00789 mm2。
en-us	The circuit is designed by SMIC 40 nm CMOS technology. The flow sheet and test are completed. The output speed of TRNG rangesfrom 1.38 to 3.33 Mbit/s. The overall power consumption of the circuit is 0.11 mW and the area is 0.00789mm2.

zh-cn	随机数输出满足AIS31真随机数熵源测试要求，并且通过了国密2安全测试。
en-us	The output of random number meets the test requirement of AIS31 true random number entropy source, and passes the security test of National Secret 2.

zh-cn	为有效解决实际工程中的航迹关联问题，该文定义了广义时空交叉点，并提出了以航迹对时空交叉点为特征，通过特征匹配来实现航迹抗差关联的新方法。
en-us	To solve the problem of track correlation in practical engineering effectively, a new concept of generalized space-time cross point of track pair is defined in this paper.

zh-cn	实测数据验证结果表明：在雷达航迹不完全匹配且存在时空差异误差的情况下，该方法可有效实现雷达航迹的抗差关联，并且几乎不受时空差异误差大小的影响，具有强鲁棒性和稳定性，可有效解决实际工程中的航迹关联问题，消除冗余航迹，提供统一态势。
en-us	Then a new algorithm which utilize space-time cross-point as feature points and realizes the track correlation through feature point matching is proposed in this paper. The test experiments with measured data illustrate the proposed algorithm of which the performance is effective, stable and robust, can eliminate redundant tracks and provide a unified situation.

zh-cn	大多数有向网络链路预测方法在计算节点相似性时没有充分考虑有向网络的结构特点，未区分不同有向邻居对连边形成具有的贡献差异，导致预测性能受到局限。
en-us	Most existing link prediction methods in directed networks fail to consider the structural properties of directed networks when calculating node similarity, nor do they differentiate the contributions of directed neighbors on link formation, resulting in the limitation on prediction performance.

zh-cn	鉴于此，该文提出一种基于线性规划的有向网络链路预测方法。
en-us	To solve these problems, a novel link prediction method in directed networks based on linear programming is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法对3种有向邻居的信息贡献进行量化分析，结合结构特点建立线性规划模型，进而通过求解贡献矩阵的最优解构建相似性指标。
en-us	The contributionsof three types of directed neighbors are quantified, then the linear programming problem is established based onnetwork topological property. The similarity index is deduced by solving the optimal solution of the linearprogramming problem.

zh-cn	9个真实有向网络中的实验结果表明，所提方法相比于9种现有方法在两种衡量标准下表现出较高的预测性能与良好的鲁棒性。
en-us	Experimental results on nine real-world directed networks show that the proposedmethod outperforms nine benchmarks on both accuracy and robustness under two evaluation metrics.

zh-cn	针对当前雾计算环境下终端节点的切换认证协议在存储量、计算量和安全性等方面还存在缺陷，该文提出一种高效的终端节点切换认证协议。
en-us	In order to solve the problem that the switching authentication protocol of terminal nodes in fog computing has some defects in storage, compute and security, an efficient terminal node switching authentication protocol is proposed.

zh-cn	在该协议中，采用双因子组合公钥(TF-CPK)和认证Ticket相结合的方式，实现雾节点和终端节点的相互认证和会话密钥协商。
en-us	In this protocol, mutual authentication and session key agreement betweenthe fog nodes and terminal nodes are realized by the combination of Two Factors Combined Public Key(TF-CPK) and authentication ticket.

zh-cn	安全性和性能分析结果表明，该协议支持不可跟踪性，可以抵抗众多已知攻击和安全威胁，且具有较小的系统开销。
en-us	The security and performance analysis results show that the protocol supportsuntraceability, which can resist numerous known attacks and security threats, and has a smaller systemoverhead.

zh-cn	针对差分混沌移位键控系统传输速率和能量效率低的缺点，该文提出一种正交多用户短参考差分混沌移位键控(OMU-SR-DCSK)通信系统。
en-us	An Orthogonal MultiUser Short Reference Differential Chaos Shift Keying (OMU-SR-DCSK)communication system is proposed to overcome the dominant drawbacks of DCSK system relating to low transmission rate and energy efficiency.

zh-cn	系统将参考信号长度缩短为每个信息承载信号长度的1/P，并在参考时隙后增加了两路连续的信息时隙，
en-us	The proposed system shortens the reference signal to 1/P ofinformation bearing signal. Two consecutive information time slots are added after the reference time slot.

zh-cn	每个信息时隙内，N个用户信息在Walsh码正交特性作用下同时传输，利用Walsh码的正交特性可完全消除用户间干扰，从而改善系统误码性能。
en-us	Due to the excellent features of Walsh codes, the system sends information from N users in one information timeslot. Meanwhile, the use of orthogonality of the Walsh code eliminates completely intra-signal interference andenhances the performance of Bit Error Rate (BER) better.

zh-cn	推导了OMU-SR-DCSK在加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)信道和Rayleigh衰落信道下的理论比特误码率(BER)公式并进行了仿真。
en-us	The theoretical BER formula of OMU-SR-DCSK over Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel and Rayleigh fading channel are derived and simulations are carried out respectively.

zh-cn	仿真结果和理论推导的吻合证明了理论推导的正确性，从而为OMU-SR-DCSK应用于多用户串行传输系统提供了理论依据。
en-us	The coincidence between the simulation results and the theoretical derivations proves the correctness of the theoretical derivation, providing a theoretical basis for the application of OMU-SR-DCSK to multiuser serial transmission system.

zh-cn	为保证MIMO异构网络面临多天线主动窃听时的安全性，该文提出一种基于人工噪声的抗主动窃听者的鲁棒安全传输方案。
en-us	To ensure the security of MIMO heterogeneous networks while facing the active multi-antennaeavesdropping, a robust secure transmission scheme based on artificial noise is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，考虑窃听者发送上行导频干扰的情形，研究了其发送的上行导频干扰对合法用户信道估计的影响。
en-us	Firstly, consideringthat the eavesdropper sends uplink pilot interference signal, the influence of uplink pilot interference on thechannel estimation of legitimate users is studied.

zh-cn	随后，基于信道估计结果对宏基站、微基站的下行数据与噪声信号的预编码矩阵进行设计，并推导了此种情形下系统安全速率的表达式。
en-us	Then, based on the channel estimation results, the precoding matrix of downlink data and noise signals of macro base station and micro base station are designed, respectively.The expression of system security rate in this case is derived;

zh-cn	然后，以系统安全速率最大化为目标对基站的下行数据与噪声信号的发送功率进行优化设计，并提出一种基于1维线性搜索的求解方法。
en-us	After that, for maximizing the system security rate, the transmission power of downlink data and noise signal of base station are optimized, and a solution method based on one-dimensional linear search is proposed.

zh-cn	进一步地，考虑窃听者在发送上行导频干扰后，继而发送噪声干扰用户下行通信的情形，提出一种基于离散零和博弈方法来获取最优的发送功率设计。
en-us	Furthermore, considering thesituation that the eavesdropper sends the uplink pilot interference and then sends the noise to interfere with thedownlink communication of the legitimate user, a discrete zero-sum game method is proposed to obtain theoptimal transmission power design.

zh-cn	仿真结果验证了所提方案的安全性和鲁棒性。
en-us	The simulation results verify the security and robustness of the proposedscheme.

zh-cn	该文提出一种适用于超宽带MIMO稀疏阵列的Kirchhoff迁移成像和运动补偿方法。
en-us	A motion compensation method based on Kirchhoff migration imaging algorithm for MIMO array is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法将传统Kirchhoff积分方程引入到MIMO阵列中，并利用后向格林函数替代前向格林函数来解决小阵列大视场的问题。
en-us	In the method, the traditional Kirchhoff intergral equation is introduced into the MIMO array andthe forward Green function is replaced by the backward Green function to solve the problem of the large viewfield of the small array.

zh-cn	另外，在通过微波开关切换分时复用的方式来采集接收单元回波数据的同时，增加1个参考通道直接采集参考单元的回波信号来估计运动目标的位置变化信息，对MIMO通道的数据进行运动补偿后再进行3D成像，有效避免了因目标运动导致的散焦和成像结果偏移真实位置的问题。
en-us	The echo signal of the reference unit is directly recieved by adding a reference channelto estimate the position change information of the moving target, while the signal of the receiving units issampled through the microwave switch time divition multiplexing. Then 3D imaging is performed after motioncompensation for the data of the MIMO channel, which avoids effectively the problem of defocusing due totarget migration and the deviation of the imaging result from the real position.

zh-cn	设备到设备通信(D2D)可以有效地卸载基站流量，在D2D网络中不仅需要共享大众化内容还需要个性化内容缓存。
en-us	Device to Device (D2D) communications can effectively offload base station traffic. In D2D networks,the popular content is not only needs to be shared, but also the individual content is needs to be cached.

zh-cn	该文对缓存内容选择问题进行了深入研究，提出一种结合特征感知的内容社交价值预测(CSVP)方法。
en-us	In this paper, the problem of cache content selection is researched. A Content Social Value Prediction(CSVP) methodbased on feature perception is proposed.

zh-cn	价值预测不仅可以降低时延也可以减少缓存替换次数降低缓存成本。
en-us	Value prediction can not only reduce latency, but also reduce the number of cache replacements and reduce cache costs.

zh-cn	首先结合用户特征和内容特征计算内容当前价值，然后通过用户社交关系计算未来价值。
en-us	Firstly, the current value of content is calculated by combining user features and content features, and then future value is calculated through user social relationships.

zh-cn	微基站根据内容的价值为用户提供个性化内容缓存服务，宏基站则在每个微基站的缓存内容中选择价值较大部分的内容。
en-us	The small base station provides the user with a personalized content caching service according tothe value of the content, and the base station selects a content with a larger value in the individual cachecontent of each small base station as popular content.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该文提出的缓存策略可以有效缓解基站流量，与其他方法相比降低时延约20%～40%。
en-us	Simulation results show that the caching strategy basedon the proposed method can alleviate the base station traffic effectively, and reduce the delay by about20%～40%.

zh-cn	该文针对单通道合成孔径雷达(SAR)无法有效抑制调频斜率失配干扰的问题进行了深入的研究。
en-us	The problem that single-channel Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) can not effectively suppress FMslope mismatch jamming is studied in this paper.

zh-cn	根据干扰频谱与真实回波频谱的差异，该文提出了一种基于频域匹配滤波处理的合成孔径雷达调频斜率失配干扰抑制方法。
en-us	According to the difference between the jamming spectrumand the real echo spectrum, a method for suppressing the mismatch jamming of SAR FM slope based onmatched filtering in the frequency domain is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法在准确测得干扰调频斜率的基础上，首先利用干扰信号的空间稀疏性以及低信干比(SIR)的特点，对干扰位置进行稀疏超分辨估计以获得较为精确的干扰时延相位。
en-us	Based on the accurate measurement of the slope ofjamming FM, the sparse super-resolution estimation of the jamming position is carried out to obtain a moreaccurate phase of jamming delay by utilizing the sparsity of the jamming signal and the characteristics of lowSignal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR).

zh-cn	然后通过获得的干扰调频斜率和时延相位重建干扰信号频谱，以此为基础设计正交匹配滤波器在频域实施干扰信号的抑制，并重建无失真场景图像。
en-us	Then, the spectrum of the interference signal is reconstructed by theobtained slope of interference frequency modulation and phase delay. Based on this, the orthogonal matchedfilter is designed to suppress the interference signal in the frequency domain and reconstruct the undistortedscene image.

zh-cn	最后，计算机仿真实验验证了该文所提方法的有效性。
en-us	Finally, computer simulation experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

zh-cn	针对非协作通信中多输入多输出(MIMO)信号的盲调制识别，该文提出一种基于独立分量分析(ICA)和特征提取的调制识别算法。
en-us	For blind modulation recognition of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) signals in non-cooperative communication, a modulation recognition method based on Independent Component Analysis(ICA) and feature extraction is proposed.