zh-cn	锂离子电池具有循环寿命长、能量密度高、自放电率低、环境污染小等优点，在电动汽车产业中得到广泛应用。
en-us	Lithium-ion battery has been widely used in electric vehicle industry because of its long cycle life,high energy density, low self-discharge rate and low environmental pollution.

zh-cn	电动汽车中的电池管理系统(BMS)可以维护和监测电池状态，确保电池的安全性和可靠性。
en-us	The Battery Management System(BMS) in electric vehicles can maintain and monitor the battery status to ensure the security and reliability of the battery.

zh-cn	电池荷电状态(SoC)表示电池中剩余的电量，是BMS的重要参数之一。
en-us	The battery’s State of Charge (SoC) represents the remaining power in the battery and is one of the important parameters of the BMS.

zh-cn	实时精确的SoC估算可以延长电池寿命，保障行驶安全。
en-us	Real-time and accurate SoC estimation can extend battery life andensure driving safety.

zh-cn	然而锂离子电池是一个高度复杂的非线性时变系统，电池寿命、环境温度、电池自放电等许多未知因素均会对估算精度造成影响，使估算难度大大增加。
en-us	However, Lithium-ion battery is indeed a highly complex nonlinear time-varying system, many unknown factors, such as battery life, ambient temperature, battery self-discharge and so on, will affect the estimation accuracy, which greatly increases the difficulty of estimation.

zh-cn	为了满足不同条件下对锂离子电池SoC精确、快速、实时估算的要求，需要对SoC估计算法进行进一步研究与改进。
en-us	To meet the requirements ofaccurate, rapid and real-time SoC estimation for Lithium-ion batteries under different conditions, furtherresearch and improvement of SoC estimation algorithm are needed.

zh-cn	近年来已有相关文献对锂离子电池SoC的估算方法进行了综述。
en-us	In recent years, some review literature onthe Lithium-ion battery SoC estimation has been published.

zh-cn	然而已有相关综述对估算方法的总结不够全面且缺少流程表达。
en-us	However, the existing literature has not summarized the estimation methods comprehensively and lack of process description.

zh-cn	该文首先介绍了锂离子电池的工作原理，阐述了影响电池SoC估算的因素。
en-us	In this paper, the working principle ofLithium-ion battery is firstly introduced, as well as the factors affecting the SoC estimation of battery.

zh-cn	其次，通过总结最新的研究成果对电池SoC估算方法进行了归纳分析。
en-us	Secondly, summary and analysis of the battery SoC estimation methods are conducted by the latest researchachievement.

zh-cn	根据各类算法的不同特性将其分为查表法、安时积分法、基于模型的方法、数据驱动的方法以及混合方法五大类。
en-us	According to the different characteristics of various algorithms, the battery SoC estimation can bedivided into five categories: look-up table method, ampere hour integration method, model-based method, data-driven method and hybrid method.

zh-cn	说明了各类估算方法的主要特征并对模型或算法的优缺点进行综合的比较和讨论。
en-us	The main characteristics of various estimation methods are explained and the advantages and disadvantages of models or algorithms are comprehensively compared and discussed.

zh-cn	最后，对电动汽车中锂离子电池SoC估算方法的未来发展方向做出展望。
en-us	Finally, the future development direction of SoC estimation methods for Lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles is prospected.

zh-cn	针对激光测振系统中散斑效应导致的语音脉冲噪声，该文研究了一种基于4阶累积量的峰度检测算法，推导了峰度系数和归一化峰度系数的数学迭代公式，并在FPGA的实现中提出了一种峰度系数的动态阈值的判决方法。
en-us	For the speech impulse noise caused by the speckle effect in the laser vibration measurement system, a kurtosis detection algorithm based on the fourth-order cumulant is studied, and the mathematical iterative formulas for the kurtosis coefficient and the normalized kurtosis coefficient are deduced, and a method for determining the dynamic threshold of kurtosis coefficient is proposed in FPGA.

zh-cn	基于实验数据的仿真结果表明，该算法较理论公式减少了约25%的计算量，节省了硬件资源，对较小幅度的脉冲噪声具有更敏感的检测性能。
en-us	The simulation results based onexperimental data show that the algorithm reduces the calculation by about 25% compared with the theoreticalformula and saves hardware resources, and has a more sensitive detection performance for lower amplitudeimpulse noise.

zh-cn	针对签名验签速度难以满足特定应用领域需求的问题，该文设计了一种高性能Ed25519算法的硬件实现架构。
en-us	The speed of existing signature and verification architecture is difficult to meet the requirement of the specific applications domain, to solve this problem a high-performance hardware architecture of Ed25519 algorithm is developed.

zh-cn	采用宽度为2 bit的窗口法实现标量乘运算，减少了标量乘所需的总周期数；
en-us	The scalar multiplication algorithm is implemented by using the window method with 2 bit width to reduce the total cycle numbers of the algorithm significantly.

zh-cn	通过优化点加倍点操作步骤，提高了乘法器的硬件使用率；
en-us	By optimizing the order of operations of point addition and point doubling, the hardware utilization rate of multiplier is improved.

zh-cn	使用低计算复杂度的快速模约简实现模乘，提高了整体运算速度。
en-us	The module multiplication is realized by using fast module reduction with low computational complexity, thus the overall operation speed is improved.

zh-cn	为了使模L运算可复用标量乘中的快速模约简，该文提出一种基于Barrett约简的模L算法。
en-us	The modular L algorithm based on Barrett reduction is proposed to reuse the fast modular reduction inscalar multiplications.

zh-cn	通过优化解压过程中模幂操作过程，精简了步骤并使其可复用模乘。
en-us	By optimizing the modular power computation in the decompression process, the steps aresimplified and the modular multiplication can be reused.

zh-cn	对所提架构做硬件实现，在TSMC的55 nm CMOS工艺下，面积为746×103等效门，最高频率360 MHz，每秒能够执行公钥生成9.06×104次、签名8.82×104次和验签3.99×104次。
en-us	Under the TSMC 55 nm CMOS process, the area of theproposed hardware architecture is 7.46×105 equivalent gate, and the maximum frequency is up to 360 MHz. It canperform 9.06×104 key generations, 8.82×104 signatures and 3.99×104 verifications per second.

zh-cn	针对现有图像识别系统大多采用软件实现，无法利用神经网络并行计算能力的问题，该文提出一套基于FPGA的改进RBF神经网络硬件化图像识别系统。
en-us	To solve the problem that most existing image recognition systems are implemented in softwarewhich can not utilize the parallel computing power of neural networks, this paper proposes a FPGA imagerecognition system based on improved RBF neural network hardware.

zh-cn	将乘法运算改为加法运算解决了神经网络计算复杂不便于硬件化的问题，并且提出一种基于位比较的排序电路解决了大量数据的快速排序问题，以此为基础开发了多目标图像识别应用系统。
en-us	The multiplication operation in the neural networks is complex and inconvenient for hardware implementation. Furthermore, a sort circuit based on bit comparison is designed to solve the problem of fast sorting of a large number of data. Then, a multi-target image recognition application system is developed.

zh-cn	系统特征提取部分采用FPGA实现，图像识别部分采用ASIC电路实现。
en-us	The feature extraction part in the developed system isimplemented by FPGA, and the image recognition part is implemented by ASIC circuit.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该文所提出的改进RBF神经网络算法平均识别时间较LeNet-5, AlexNet和VGG16缩短50%；所开发的硬件系统完成对10000张样本图片识别的时间为165 ms，对比于DSP芯片系统所需426.6 ms，减少了60%左右。
en-us	The experimental results show that the average recognition time of the improved RBF neural network algorithm proposed is 50% shorter than that of LeNet-5, AlexNet and VGG16, and the time for the developed hardware system to recognize 10000 sample pictures is 165ms, which is reduced by about 60% compared with 426.6ms required by aDSP chip system.

zh-cn	通过分析差分传输管预充电逻辑(DP2L)的电路结构，发现该电路还无法达到完全的功耗恒定特性，仍然存在被功耗攻击的风险。
en-us	By analyzing the circuit structure of Differential Pass-transistor Precharge Logic (DP2L), it is foundthat the circuit can not achieve the complete constant power consumption, and there is still a risk of beingattacked by power attack.

zh-cn	针对该问题，该文对DP2L的电路结构进行改进，并用Hspice对改进前后的电路进行模拟仿真测试。
en-us	To solve this problem, the circuit structure of DP2L is improved by this paper, andthe circuits before and after the improvement are simulated using Hspice.

zh-cn	实验表明：改进后的DP2L电路结构具有更好的功耗恒定特性，更能满足该逻辑电路的设计要求。
en-us	The experimental results show thatthe improved DP2L circuit structure has better characteristics of constant power consumption and can bettermeet the design requirements of the logic circuit.

zh-cn	为了实现网络功能虚拟化平台中物理资源的动态按需分配，该文提出一种虚拟网络功能资源容量自适应调整方法。
en-us	In order to realize on-demand physical resource allocation in network function virtualization platform, an adaptive virtualized network function scaling method is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法首先利用长短期记忆网络预测平台流量的变化趋势，
en-us	The proposed method first use long shortterm memory network to realize traffic forecasting.

zh-cn	然后结合流量预测结果设计了一种基于多层前馈神经网络的虚拟网络功能资源需求预测方法，
en-us	Then combining with the forecasting result, a forwardneural network-based approach is designed to predict resource demand of requested virtualized networkfunction.

zh-cn	最后根据资源需求预测结果，设计了一种基于动态编码遗传算法的虚拟网络功能动态部署方法，实现虚拟网络功能资源容量的自适应调整。
en-us	Finally, according to the result of resource demand prediction, a dynamic encoding genetic algorithmis proposed to realize dynamic deployment of virtualized network function instances.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，与现有的资源容量调整方法相比，该文提出的资源容量自适应调整方法能够降低流量预测误差对资源需求预测结果的影响，降低资源需求预测的相对误差，减少虚拟网络功能实例占用的服务器数量。
en-us	The experiment results show that compared with existing scaling methods, the proposed scaling method can reduce the negative impact of inaccurate traffic forecasting, decrease the relative error of resource demand prediction as well as the total number of servers occupied by requested virtualized network function instances.

zh-cn	针对零日病毒特点和传播规律，该文研究了零日病毒传播模型及稳定性。
en-us	According to the characteristics and propagation law of zero-day virus, the propagation model and stability of zero-day virus are studied.

zh-cn	首先，分析了零日病毒传播机理。
en-us	Firstly, the mechanism of zero-day virus transmission is analyzed.

zh-cn	在易感-感染-移除-易感(SIRS)病毒传播模型基础上，重新定义了感染状态节点，引入执行状态节点和毁损状态节点，建立了零日病毒传播的易感-初始感染-零日-毁损-移除(SIZDR)病毒传播动力学模型；
en-us	Based on the Susceptible-Infected-Removed-Susceptible(SIRS) virus transmission model, the node of infection state is redefined, the node of execution state and the node of damage state are introduced, and the zero-day virus transmission Susceptible - Initial-state-of infection- Zero-day - Damaged – Recovery (SIZDR) dynamic model is established.

zh-cn	其次，运用劳斯稳定性判据，分析了系统平衡点的局部稳定性，基本再生数及其对病毒传播规模的影响。
en-us	Secondly, the local stability of the system equilibrium point, the basic regeneration number and itsinfluence on the scale of virus transmission are analyzed by using Rous stability criterion.

zh-cn	最后，仿真验证了模型局部稳定性，分析了节点感染率、节点度和节点毁损率等因素对零日病毒传播的影响。
en-us	Finally, the localstability of the model is verified by simulation, and the influence of node infection rate, node degree and nodedamage rate on zero-day virus transmission is analyzed.

zh-cn	理论分析与仿真结果表明，该模型能客观反映零日病毒传播规律，零日病毒扩散规模与节点度、节点感染率正相关，与节点毁损率负相关，对已知病毒的针对性防控可有效提升对零日病毒的防御效果。
en-us	Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed model can objectively reflect the law of zero-day virus transmission, and the magnitude of zero-day virus spread is positively correlated with node degree and node infection rate, and negatively correlated with node damage rate. Targeted prevention and control of known viruses can effectively improve the defense effect against zero-day viruses.

zh-cn	在基于云计算的存储与删除服务中，由于外包数据所有权和管理分离，现有的逻辑删除机制使云上的数据很容易暴露给未经授权的用户，甚至云服务器可能未遵循用户要求删除相应数据。
en-us	In the storage and deletion service provided by cloud computing, due to the separation of outsourced data ownership and management, the cloud server may not follow the user’s request to delete the corresponding data, and the outsourced data can be easily exposed to unauthorized users due to the widely-adopted logical deletion.

zh-cn	为此，该文提出一种细粒度的安全云端数据存储与删除方案。
en-us	Therefore, an efficient and secure cloud data storage and deletion scheme is proposed.

zh-cn	基于椭圆曲线构造了基于密文策略的属性基加密以实现外包数据细粒度访问控制，应用区块链实现可公开验证的安全数据删除。
en-us	Firstly, an attribute-based encryption based on cipher text policy is constructed based on elliptic curves to achieve fine-grained access control. Secondly, publicly verifiable data deletion is realized by using blockchain.

zh-cn	该文方案具有责任可追踪性以及两方删除与可验证性等特性。
en-us	The proposed scheme has the characteristics of responsibility traceability, two-party deletion and verifiability.

zh-cn	理论分析与实验结果表明该文方案具有较好的安全性和较高的性能，能够满足云数据共享与安全删除的需求。
en-us	Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the presented scheme has more desirable security and performance, and can meet the needs of cloud data sharing and secure deletion.

zh-cn	针对云存储的集中化带来的数据安全和隐私保护问题，该文提出一种区块链上基于云辅助的密文策略属性基(CP-ABE)数据共享加密方案。
en-us	To solve the problem of data security and privacy preservation brought by the centralization of cloudstorage, a cloud-assisted Ciphertext Policy Attribute Based Eencryption(CP-ABE) data sharing encryptionscheme based on BlockChain(BC) is proposed.

zh-cn	该方案采用基于属性加密技术对加密数据文件的对称密钥进行加密，并上传到云服务器，实现了数据安全以及细粒度访问控制；
en-us	In this scheme, the symmetric key of the encrypted file isencrypted by attribute-based encryption and the encrypted file is uploaded to cloud server for realizing the datasecurity and fine-grained access control.

zh-cn	采用可搜索加密技术对关键字进行加密，并将关键字密文上传到区块链(BC)中，
en-us	Searchable encryption technology is adopted to encrypt the keyword, and the keyword cipher text is uploaded to the BlockChain.

zh-cn	由区块链进行关键字搜索保证了关键字密文的安全，有效地解决现有的云存储共享系统所存在的安全问题。
en-us	Keyword search is executed by the BlockChain toensure the security of keyword ciphertext, which effectively solves the security problems existing in the cloudstorage and sharing system.

zh-cn	该方案能够满足选择明文攻击下的不可区分性、陷门不可区分性和抗串联性。
en-us	This scheme can satisfy the in discernibility, trap in discernibility and series resistance under the selective plaintext attack.

zh-cn	最后，通过性能评估，验证了该方案的有效性。
en-us	Finally, the effectiveness of the scheme is verified by performance evaluation.

zh-cn	针对卫星干扰处理中的多目标定位问题，该文提出基于压缩感知的定位方法。
en-us	To cope with the issue of locating multi-target in mitigating satellite interference, a localizationmethod is proposed based on Compressive Sensing (CS).

zh-cn	该方法利用目标的空间稀疏性，以及多波束天线在不同信号源方向上的增益不同，仅需要测量接收信号强度便可实现多个干扰的位置识别。
en-us	The sources of satellite interference can be identifiedby using Received Signal Strength (RSS) measurement only, relying on the spatial sparsity of the target sourceand the fact that multi-beam antenna has different gain at the position of interference.

zh-cn	研究结果表明，定位性能与节点分布、目标个数、波束覆盖半径、判决门限有关。
en-us	The conclusions show that positioning performance is related to node distribution, target number, coverage radius and decision threshold.

zh-cn	在给定参数及原对偶内点算法下，该方法可实现1～4个干扰源的空域定位，在信噪比为20 dB时定位精度达到7.7 km，优于经典的旋转干涉仪和空间谱估计测向方法。
en-us	Furthermore, over the Primal-Dual Interior Point (PDIP) algorithm, the simulation result representsthat the target number is four under certain conditions, and the position accuracy is closed to 7.7 km with SNRof 20 dB. In addition, the study result also confirms that the proposed algorithm is better than the classicmethods of Rotating Interferometer (RI) and Direction Of Arrival (DOA) estimation.

zh-cn	非连续接收(DRX)是5G非授权频段部署中重要的节能机制。
en-us	Discontinuous Reception (DRX) is power-saving mechanism in 5G unlicensed band deployments.

zh-cn	为授权频段设计的非连续接收机制，不能良好适配非授权频段，唤醒窗口长度固定而不能随信道繁忙程度调整，为保证传输时延性能则需要消耗更多能量。
en-us	Legacy DRX scheme for licensed band does not work well in unlicensed band. Wakeup window size is fixed andcan not adjust with channel busy level. Guaranteed transmission delay is at the cost of more power consumption.

zh-cn	该文针对5G非授权频段新无线技术(5G NR-U)，提出一种新型非连续接收机制。
en-us	A novel DRX scheme of is proposed for the 5th Generation New Radio-Unlicensed (5G NR-U) stand alone scenario.

zh-cn	在新机制中，非授权频段新空口设备处于唤醒状态时不断对信道进行能量检测来判断信道的忙闲状态，并据此自适应调整唤醒窗口时间。
en-us	In the novel scheme, NR-U equipment runs energy detection continuously during its wakeup period to get channel state: busy or free and adjusts its wakeup window size adaptively according to energy detection results.

zh-cn	相比唤醒窗口长度固定的原有机制，数学模型分析和仿真实验的结果表明，在保证业务传输时延要求的前提下，新机制可比原有机制节约更多的能量。
en-us	Comparing to legacy method with wakeup window fixed, it is demonstrated byanalysis and simulation that the novel method saves more power than traditional method while both of themmeet the average delay requirement.

zh-cn	在文中典型场景中，新机制比原有机制可多节约能量11%。
en-us	In the analysis scenario of this paper, novel method saves 11% power morethan legacy method.

zh-cn	该文研究多载波超密集网络(UDN)上行链路能效最优功率分配方案，基于非合作博弈论提出一种抗干扰分布式功率分配方案，使每个小区独立优化能效的同时抑制邻小区干扰。
en-us	The energy-efficient power allocation is studied in the uplink of the multi-carrier Ultra-DenseNetworks (UDN). Based on the non-cooperative game theory, a distributed anti-interference power allocationscheme is proposed so that each cell can independently optimize energy efficiency while suppressing the inter-cell interference.

zh-cn	由于最大传输功率和QoS约束下的能效函数具有不易解决的非凸特性，且小小区间存在严重干扰。针对以上挑战，该文在最佳响应过程中设计了一种高精度低复杂度的阶梯注水算法，
en-us	Due to the fact that the energy efficiency problem under the constrains of the Quality ofService(QoS) and the maximum transmitter power is a challenging non-convex problem and small cells suffer from the severe inter-cell interference, an accurate and low-complexity stair water-filling algorithm is proposed to solve the non-convex problem in the best response process.

zh-cn	基于该算法利用干扰信道增益提出了一种多用户抗干扰功率分配算法。
en-us	Based on this algorithm, a multi-user anti-interference power allocation algorithm is proposed using interference channel gains.

zh-cn	仿真结果和数值分析表明该算法运算复杂度低，且能在保证系统频谱效率的同时大幅度提升系统能效。
en-us	Simulation results andnumerical analysis show that this algorithm can improve the system energy efficiency with no reduction inspectrum efficiency performance.

zh-cn	针对射频识别技术(RFID)系统中现有标签数量估计算法存在的估计误差大、识别时延长、时间复杂度高的问题，该文提出一种基于高斯拟合与切比雪夫不等式的标签数量2次估计算法(TLNEGC)。
en-us	In order to solve the problems of large estimation error, prolonged identification and high timecomplexity, which exist in tag quantity estimation algorithm in Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) system,The Twice Labels Number Estimation algorithm based on Gaussian fitting and Chebyshev inequality(TLNEGC) is proposed.

zh-cn	首先根据碰撞因子与碰撞时隙比例的关系建立碰撞模型，采用高斯函数对碰撞模型中的离散数据点进行拟合逼近获得高斯估计模型；
en-us	Firstly, a collision model is established based on the relationship between the collisionfactor and the collision time slot ratio, and a Gaussian estimation model is obtained by fitting the Gaussianfunction to the discrete data points.

zh-cn	然后利用高斯估计模型初次估计标签的数量，根据初次估计的结果判断是否需要进行2次估计，2次估计是利用切比雪夫不等式对估计区间进行2次搜索以获得最佳估计值。
en-us	Afterward, the Gaussian estimation model is used to initially estimate thenumber of labels, and then according to the results of the initial estimation, judge whether a second estimationis required. The second estimation is performed by using Chebyshev's inequality to search the estimationinterval twice to obtain the best estimate.

zh-cn	MATLAB仿真分析表明，该文所提TLNEGC算法的平均估计误差和总时间消耗明显低于现有的高精度标签估计算法，同时具有较低的时间复杂度和较高的稳定性。
en-us	The MATLAB simulation analysis indicates that the averageestimation error and total time consumption of the TLNEGC algorithm are significantly lower than those ofexisting high-precision label estimation algorithms, and it also has lower time complexity and higher stability.

zh-cn	针对中短码长下串行抵消(SC)算法性能较差，且串行抵消列表(SCL)算法复杂度较高等问题，根据译码纠错空间理论，该文提出了一种基于卷积神经网络(CNN)扰动的极化码译码算法。
en-us	According to the space theory for error correction, a Polar decoding algorithm for medium and shortcode lengths, based on the perturbation with a Convolution Neural Network (CNN), is presented to overcomethe poor performance of the Successive Cancellation (SC) decoding algorithm and the high complexity of theSuccessive Cancellation List (SCL) decoding algorithm.

zh-cn	对SC译码失败的接收序列，通过CNN产生相应的扰动噪声，并将该扰动噪声添加到接收信号中，然后根据重新计算的似然信息进行译码。
en-us	For any receiving signals that failing to decode, aperturbation noise, generated through the CNN, is added to the receiving signal, and the likelihood informationis then recalculated for further decoding.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明：与SC译码算法相比，所提出的算法约有0.6 dB的增益，与SCL(L=16)译码算法相比，该算法约有0.1 dB的提升，且平均复杂度更低。
en-us	The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has a gain ofabout 0.6 dB compared with the SC decoding algorithm, and an improvement of about 0.1 dB and a loweraverage complexity than that of SCL decoding algorithm when L=16.

zh-cn	正交频分复用系统(OFDM)的高峰均比(PAPR)问题降低了系统传输效率，增加了解调难度，使高功率放大器(HPA)满负载工作。
en-us	The Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) problem of OFDM system reduces the transmissionefficiency of the system, increases the difficulty of demodulation, and makes the High Power Amplifier (HPA)to saturation.

zh-cn	该文针对削波与HPA引入的非线性失真问题，提出在接收端采取基于泰勒级数的预处理方式对非线性干扰进行处理，最小化信号畸变影响。
en-us	In order to solving the problem of nonlinear distortion caused by clipping and HPA, the proposedscheme uses preprocessing method based on Taylor series to deal with nonlinear interference so that tominimize the influence of signal distortion.

zh-cn	在发送端通过削波降低信号的PAPR，并利用削波噪声在时域上的稀疏性特性，将传输过程作为整体考虑，最后利用正交匹配追踪算法(OMP)恢复总的非线性失真信号。
en-us	At the transmitter, the PAPR of the signal is reduced by clipping,and the transmission process is considered as a whole based on the sparsity of clipping noise in the timedomain. Finally, the total nonlinear distortion signal is recovered by using the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit(OMP) algorithm.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该文所提方法能够有效抑制系统的干扰信号，减少了有用信号受到的非线性影响，验证了该方案的正确性。
en-us	The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively suppress the interference signals of the system, reduce the nonlinear influence of useful signals, and verify the correctness of the scheme.

zh-cn	为高效传输业务类型多样化的空间数据，该文基于高级在轨系统(AOS)虚拟信道复用技术，建立了AOS虚拟信道(VC)混合调度模型。
en-us	In view of transporting various spatial data service types, an Advanced Orbiting Systems (AOS)virtual channel hybrid scheduling model is established based on AOS virtual channel multiplexing technology.

zh-cn	在混合调度模型中，对异步虚拟信道提出了基于遗传-粒子群排序的调度算法，业务优先级、调度时延紧迫度及帧剩余量紧迫度是影响虚拟信道调度先后顺序的关键约束。
en-us	In the model, a algorithm based on genetic-particle swarm ordering is proposed for asynchronous VirtualChannel (VC). Service priority, scheduling delay urgency and frame remaining urgency are the key constraintsthat affect the scheduling order of VC.

zh-cn	该算法根据约束建立了遗传-粒子群适应度函数模型，进一步使粒子群体内的粒子根据遗传算法的进化算子进行位置更新，从而找到最优的异步虚拟信道调度顺序。
en-us	The algorithm establishes the genetic-particle swarm fitness functionmodel according to the constraints, and further enables the particles in the particle swarm to update theposition according to the evolution operator of the genetic algorithm, thereby finding the optimal asynchronousVC scheduling sequence.

zh-cn	同时，对同步虚拟信道设计了动态加权轮询调度算法，使各同步虚拟信道按照加权因子和分配的时隙数，轮流占用物理信道。
en-us	At the same time, a dynamic weighted round-robin scheduling algorithm is designed forthe synchronous VC, so that each synchronous VC occupies the physical channel according to the weightingfactor and the allocated number of time slots.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该文的虚拟信道混合调度算法兼顾了异步数据的优先性、同步数据的等时性和VIP数据的紧迫性，具有更小的平均调度时延和更少的帧剩余量，满足不同业务的传输要求。
en-us	Simulation results show that the VC hybrid scheduling algorithm in this paper takes into account the priority of asynchronous data, the isochronism of synchronous data, and the urgency of VIP data. It has a smaller average scheduling delay and less frame remaining, so the algorithm meets the transmission requirements of different services.

zh-cn	为了应对直接序列扩频(DSSS)中信息传输率低的局限，出现了多进制扩频及索引调制等技术。
en-us	In order to solve the limitation of low information transmission rate in Direct Sequence SpreadSpectrum (DSSS), some techniques such as multi-band spread spectrum and index modulation appear.

zh-cn	由于此系列技术中附加信息都是通过伪码变换来映射的，因此调制阶数越大，复杂度也越大，而当系统所承受的复杂度受限时，调制阶数也就无法提升。
en-us	Because the additional information in this series of technologies is mapped by pseudo code transformation, the larger the modulation order is, the greater the complexity will be, and when the complexity of the system is limited, the modulation order will not be improved.

zh-cn	为解决高阶信息传输率受限问题，该文提出一种低复杂度的超高阶码索引调制(UHO-CIM)方法。
en-us	In order to overcome the limitation of high-order information transmission rate, an UltraHigh Order Code Index Modulation (UHO-CIM) method with low complexity is proposed.

zh-cn	通过2维信息的分组来进行多码集索引，从而降低通道数量，进而通过3维信息的分组来进行循环移位索引，从而在不增加通道情况下大幅度地提高传输率，而且利用移位通道和非移位通道关系，去除环境影响。
en-us	The multi code set index is carried out by two-dimensional information grouping, so as to reduce the number of channels, and then the cyclic shift index is carried out by three-dimensional information grouping, so as to improve greatly the transmission rate without increasing the channels. Moreover, the relationship betweenshift channel and non-shift channel is used to remove the environmental impact.

zh-cn	该方法不仅可以有效传输多维信息，而且与现有方法比较，复杂度大大降低，综合性能具有明显优势；
en-us	This method can not onlyeffectively transmit multi-dimensional information, but also reduce greatly the complexity compared with theexisting methods, and has obvious advantages in comprehensive performance.

zh-cn	此外，现有方法很难达到高阶及超高阶的信息传输，而提出的方法可实现调制阶数大于15的超高阶信息传输，从而为高效扩频通信应用提供可借鉴技术。
en-us	In addition, the existing methodsare difficult to achieve high-order and ultra-high-order information transmission, while the proposed methodcan achieve ultra-high-order information transmission with modulation order greater than 15, which providesreference technology for the efficient spread spectrum communication applications.

zh-cn	为解决传统相关延迟键控(CDSK)混沌通信系统存在的误码(BER)性能差的问题，该文提出一种基于施密特正交化的降噪多载波相关延迟键控(NR-MC-CDSK)混沌通信系统。
en-us	In order to solve the shortcomings of high Bit Error Rate (BER) in traditional Correlation DelayShift Keying (CDSK) chaotic communication system, a Noise Reduction Multi-Carrier Correlated Delay ShiftKeying (NR-MC-CDSK) chaotic communication system based on Schmidt orthogonalization is proposed.

zh-cn	在发送端，利用施密特正交化算法产生N组完全正交的混沌载波，并复制P次作为参考信号，与N个信息信号叠加进行传输，并利用多载波技术，复用每帧信号传输MN个用户信息。
en-us	At thetransmitter, Schmidt orthogonalization algorithm is used to generate N completely orthogonal chaotic signalswhich are copied P times as reference signals. N information signals are added up for transmission in each groupand multi-carrier is used to transmit MN user information per frame.

zh-cn	在接收端，将信号经匹配滤波器解调，然后通过滑动平均滤波器降噪，并进行相关解调。
en-us	At the receiver, the signal is demodulated by a matched filter, then the signal is averaged by a moving average filter to suppress the noise and demodulated by correlation.

zh-cn	推导了系统在加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)信道和多径Rayleigh衰落信道中的BER公式并进行了仿真分析。
en-us	The BER formula of the system in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN)channel and multipath Rayleigh fading channel are derived and simulated.

zh-cn	结果表明系统的BER性能优于众多多载波混沌通信系统，数据传输速率也相较CDSK系统有明显提升，
en-us	The results show that the BERperformance of the system is better than that of many multi-carrier chaotic communication systems and thedata transmission rate is improved obviously compared with CDSK system.

zh-cn	为该系统在实际通信系统中的应用提供了理论依据，并显示了较强的应用价值。
en-us	Theoretical basis for the future application of the system to practical communication systems is provided in the paper and shows strong feasibilities in future engineering application.

zh-cn	间歇采样转发干扰(ISRJ)是基于欠采样原理的新型雷达相干干扰技术，能够形成密集假目标干扰。
en-us	Interrupted-Sampling Repeater Jamming (ISRJ) is an advanced radar coherent interference based onthe principle of under-sampling method, and achieves a train of false targets.

zh-cn	该文针对抗间歇采样转发干扰问题，提出一种雷达发射波形和非匹配滤波联合设计的抗干扰方法。
en-us	In this paper, a joint transmittedwaveform and mismatched filter design method focus on suppressing the ISRJ is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，以发射信号脉冲压缩积分旁瓣能量和干扰信号非匹配滤波输出积分能量为目标函数，综合考虑发射信号的幅度约束，建立了间歇采样转发干扰抑制的数学优化模型。
en-us	Firstly, themathematical optimization model is established by minimizing the transmitted signal pulse compressionintegrated sidelobe level and jamming signal mismatched filter output integrated level under the constraint ofconstant modulus waveform.

zh-cn	然后，通过问题分解推导了雷达发射波形和非匹配滤波器的解析表达式，基于迭代算法设计了发射波形和非匹配滤波器。
en-us	Secondly, the analytical solution of transmitted waveform and mismatched filter isobtained by simplifing the optimization problem. By utilizing cyclic iterative algorithm, unimodular waveformand mismatched filter are produced.

zh-cn	最后，通过仿真实验的方式验证了发射波形和非匹配滤波器的性能、抗间歇采样转发干扰性能以及所提方法的间歇采样转发干扰抑制能力。
en-us	Finally, simulations are presented to assess the waveform and filterperformance and anti-ISRJ performance. Simulation results demonstrated that the ISRJ is suppressed byjointly designing the waveform and filter.

zh-cn	针对雷达与电子支援措施(ESM)存在系统误差、航迹异步等复杂条件下的航迹关联问题，该文提出一种基于区间序列离散度的异步抗差航迹关联算法。
en-us	To address track association problem of radar and Electronic Support Measurements (ESM) under complex conditions such as system biases and asynchronous track, an asynchronous anti-bias track association algorithm based on discrete degree of interval sequence is proposed.

zh-cn	定义混合区间序列的离散信息度量，给出系统误差的区间化方法，通过计算区间离散度并利用经典分配法进行关联判定。
en-us	The discrete information measurement ofmixed interval sequence is defined and the interval method of system biases is given. The association determination is performed by calculating the interval discrete degree and using classical assignment method.

zh-cn	与传统算法相比，可在系统误差存在的前提下无需时域配准对异步航迹直接关联，且对噪声分布不敏感。
en-us	Compared with the traditional algorithm, the asynchronous track can be directly correlated without time-domain registration in the presence of system errors and it is not sensitive to noise distribution.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提算法具有良好的抗差性且不受目标运动位置的影响，适用于传感器同地或异地配置等多种情况。
en-us	The simulationresults show that the algorithm has good robust performance and is not affected by the target moving position.The algorithm can be applied to the configuration of sensors at same or different sites.

zh-cn	近些年来，世界各国越来越重视风力发电的发展。
en-us	In recent years, countries around the world have paid more and more attention to the development of wind power.

zh-cn	风电场的存在可能对航管监视雷达性能产生负面影响，
en-us	The existence of wind farms may have a negative impact on the performance of air traffic control surveillance radars.

zh-cn	因此风电场杂波抑制技术的研究对于提升航管监视雷达工作性能、保障空中交通安全具有重大意义。
en-us	Therefore, the research on the clutter suppression technology of wind farms is of great significance to improve the work performance of air traffic control surveillance radars and ensure the safety of air traffic.

zh-cn	形态成分分析(MCA)算法根据信号稀疏特征的不同应用于风电场杂波抑制时，计算量较低且性能较好。
en-us	When the Morphological Component Analysis(MCA)algorithm is applied to the wind farm clutter suppression based on the difference of sparse characteristics for the signals, the calculation burden is lower and the performance is better.

zh-cn	但是针对实际雷达参数中相参处理间隔(CPI)较短造成的谱分辨率降低及信号特征不明显时，MCA算法的杂波抑制性能受到影响，
en-us	However, the clutter suppression performance of the MCA algorithm is affected when the spectral resolution is reduced due to the short Coherent Processing Interval(CPI)and the signal characteristics are not obvious.

zh-cn	因此选择将稀疏重构算法与MCA算法结合用于短CPI情况下的风电场杂波抑制。
en-us	Therefore, the sparse reconstruction algorithm and the MCA algorithm arecombined to suppress the clutter in the wind farm with a small number of coherent pulses.

zh-cn	该文认为短CPI接收回波数据为较长CPI雷达回波数据基础上发生尾部数据缺省，继而利用稀疏重构算法对缺省数据进行恢复，再利用MCA算法抑制风电场杂波。
en-us	It is considered that the short CPI received echo data is the default of tail data on the basis of the longer CPI radar echo data, and then the sparse reconstruction algorithm is used to recover the default data, and the MCA algorithm is used to suppress wind farm clutter.

zh-cn	实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。
en-us	The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

zh-cn	针对低检测概率下多机动目标的跟踪问题，该文提出一种新的交互式多传感器多目标多伯努利滤波器(IMM-MS-MeMBer)。
en-us	A novel method Interacting Multiple Mode Multi-Sensor Multi-target Multi-Bernoulli (IMM-MS-MeMBer) filter to track multiple maneuvering targets in low detection probability scenario is proposed.

zh-cn	在IMM-MS-MeMBer滤波器的预测阶段，该文利用当前的量测信息自适应地更新目标的模型概率，并利用更新后的模型概率对目标状态进行混合预测；
en-us	At theprediction stage of the IMM-MS-MeMBer filter, model probability of the target is adaptively updated byutilizing the current measurement information, and then the mixed prediction of the target state is executed;

zh-cn	在IMM-MS-MeMBer滤波器的更新阶段，使用贪婪的多传感器量测划分策略对多传感器量测进行划分，并利用得到的量测划分集合和IMM-MS-MeMBer滤波器对目标的后验概率密度进行更新；
en-us	At the update stage of the IMM-MS-MeMBer filter, the greedy multi-sensor measurement partitioning strategyis employed in measurement partition step, the posterior probability density of the target is updated by usingthe divided set of measurements and the IMM-MS-MeMBer filter;

zh-cn	除此之外，IMM-MS-MeMBer滤波器能够利用目标的角度和多普勒量测信息同时实现多个机动目标的位置、速度估计。
en-us	In addition, the IMM-MS-MeMBer filterutilizes the target angle and Doppler information to realize the simultaneous estimation of the position andspeed of multiple maneuvering targets.

zh-cn	数值实验验证了该文所提IMM-MS-MeMBer滤波器的优越性能。
en-us	Numerical experiments verify the superior performance of the IMM-MS-MeMBer filter.

zh-cn	在现代雷达电子战场中，目标检测与其参数估计有着非常重要的意义。
en-us	In modern radar electronic battlefield, target detection and parameter estimation have great significance.

zh-cn	因此，该文提出了一种基于随机抽样一致算法(Ransac)的捷变频联合正交频分复用(FA-OFDM)雷达高速多目标参数估计的方法。
en-us	Therefore, a high-speed multi-target parameter estimation method for Frequency Agile-OrthogonalFrequency Division Multiplexing (FA-OFDM) radar based on Random sampling consensus (Ransac) algorithmis proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	首先，在传统捷变频雷达的每个脉冲内同时发射多个频率随机跳变的窄带OFDM子载波。
en-us	Firstly, multiple narrowband OFDM subcarriers with random frequency hopping aresimultaneously transmitted in each pulse of conventional frequency agile radar.

zh-cn	将单个脉冲内所有子载波的回波信号进行脉冲压缩后，采用迭代自适应谱估计(IAA)算法合成目标的高分辨距离。
en-us	The echo signals of allsubcarriers in a single pulse are compressed, and then the high-resolution range of the target is synthesized byIterative Adaptive Approach (IAA) algorithm.

zh-cn	然后，分别对各个脉冲的回波进行脉冲压缩和迭代自适应谱估计，得到不同脉冲时刻的高分辨距离，构成观测数据集。
en-us	Furthermore, the echoes of each pulse are compressed anditerative adaptive spectrum estimated, and the high-resolution distance of different pulse time is obtained toform the observation data set.

zh-cn	再根据Ransac算法估计信号参数模型的步骤，拟合多条时间-距离直线，进而对高速运动的多个目标同时进行参数估计。
en-us	Then, according to the steps of the Ransac algorithm to estimate the signalparameter model, multiple time-distance lines are fitted, and then parameters of multiple high-speed movingtargets are estimated at the same time.

zh-cn	最后，分别分析了信噪比(SNR)对检测概率以及目标自身速度对其相对估计误差的影响。
en-us	Finally, the influence of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) on detectionprobability and the target velocity on relative error of estimation are analyzed, respectively.

zh-cn	仿真实验验证了所提算法的有效性。
en-us	Simulations areprovided to verify the effectiveness of the proposal.

zh-cn	在水下航行器等运动平台上，主动声呐的近距离滤波结果受混响干扰影响严重，大量的混响回波亮点会掩蔽目标回波的可见性，导致后续检测判决的虚警率增大。
en-us	For the underwater moving platforms, the near-range filtering of active sonar is seriously affected by reverberation disturbance. Usually, the real target echo will be masked by numerous reverberation highlights, which will greatly increase the false alarm rate of subsequent detection.

zh-cn	以阵列处理的方位历程图作为基本输入，该文利用某些场景下混响干扰相邻周期间潜在的相干结构，假设混响满足低秩性；
en-us	Among adjacent periods of the bearing-time-record from array processing in some scenarios, this paper utilizes the potential coherent structure ofreverberation, and then assumes that reverberation component satisfies the low-rank property.

zh-cn	由于平台间的相对运动，假设感兴趣的目标回波在逐周期间是不相关且稀疏的。
en-us	In addition, the relative motion may assume that target echoes of interest are irrelevant and sparse.

zh-cn	之后，将方位历程图表示为低秩的混响、稀疏的运动目标回波和噪声成分，在此基础上提出以加速近端梯度法(APG)和快速数据投影法(FDPM)分别实现离线和在线的低秩稀疏分解，从而实现混响抑制和目标回波增强。
en-us	Accordingly, the bearing-time-record can be decomposed as low-rank reverberation, sparse moving target echo and noise components. To suppress reverberation and enhance target echoes, the Accelerated Proximal Gradient(APG) and Fast DataProjection Method(FDPM) are proposed to realize offline and online decomposition, respectively.

zh-cn	试验结果验证了假设模型的有效性，并且两种分解算法均能有效地增强目标回波。
en-us	The experimental results validate the assumed models, and both approaches can effectively enhance target echoes.

zh-cn	海杂波数据稀缺，获取海杂波数据成本高、周期长，极大地限制了海杂波特性研究及海洋遥感应用。
en-us	Due to the scarcity of sea clutter data, the high cost and long period of obtaining sea clutter datagreatly limit the research of sea clutter characteristics and the application of ocean remote sensing.

zh-cn	该文主要研究了基于深度生成性对抗网络(GAN)的海杂波数据生成方法，
en-us	The methodof sea clutter data generation based on the Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) is studied.

zh-cn	通过扩展传统的GAN框架，形成了1维海杂波数据生成和鉴别模型。
en-us	By extendingthe traditional GAN framework, a one-dimensional sea clutter data generation and identification model isformed.

zh-cn	基于实测海杂波数据集，进行对抗网络生成和鉴别模型训练，分析了生成模型所生成的海杂波数据的幅度分布特性和时间、空间相关性。
en-us	Based on the radar measured sea clutter data set, the generation and identification model training inthe adversarial network is carried out. The amplitude distribution characteristics and time and spatialcorrelation of the sea clutter data generated by the model are analyzed.

zh-cn	基于实测数据验证了该方法能够生成更多、更多样、与真实海杂波数据分布相近的海杂波数据。
en-us	Based on the measured data, it isverified that the method can generate more sea clutter data with more variety, and similar distribution to thereal sea clutter data.

zh-cn	大斜视角和空间3维加速度的存在使机动平台SAR的运动误差具有明显的2维空变性，极大地增加了成像难度。
en-us	The existence of high-squint angle and three-dimensional acceleration makes the motion error of maneuvering platform SAR have obvious two-dimensional spatial variability, which greatly increases the difficulty of imaging.

zh-cn	为此，该文提出了一种基于2维空变运动误差估计与补偿的稀疏自聚焦方法。
en-us	A sparse autofocus method based on the estimation and compensation of two-dimensionalspatial-variant motion error is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法基于Keystone变换和频域相位滤波法构造了能够校正成像参数空变性的频域近似观测算子。
en-us	Based on the Keystone transform and the frequency domain phasefiltering method, a frequency-domain approximate observation operator is constructed to correct the spatial-variant imaging parameters.

zh-cn	在自聚焦过程中，首先，构建基于频域近似观测算子的稀疏自聚焦模型并采用迭代软阈值方法(ISTA)进行求解，从而实现图像的粗聚焦和非空变运动误差的估计；
en-us	In the process of autofocus, firstly, a sparse autofocus model based on thefrequency-domain approximate observation operator is constructed to focus the image roughly and estimate thenon-spatial-variant motion error parameters, and the Iterative Shrinkage-Thresholding Algorithm (ISTA) isused to solve the constructed sparse autofocus model.

zh-cn	然后，采用稀疏自聚焦模型估计多个子区域的精确相位误差曲线，并基于最小二乘法估计空变的运动误差参数；
en-us	Then, the precise phase error curves of multiple sub-regions are obtained by the sparse autofocus model and the least square method can be used to estimate thespatial-variant motion error parameters.

zh-cn	最后，通过对近似观测算子的修正实现空变运动误差的补偿。
en-us	Finally, the compensation of spatial-variant motion error is realized bycorrecting the approximate observation operator.

zh-cn	仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性。
en-us	The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposedmethod.

zh-cn	通过对干涉仪通道间信号相位差的多次测量求平均来减小测量误差是工程上提高干涉仪测向精度的重要途径之一，
en-us	It is one of the important approaches to improve the direction finding accuracy of interferometer toreduce the measurement error by averaging the signal phase difference between the channels in theinterferometer.

zh-cn	在这一过程中有标量积累与矢量积累两种方式。
en-us	In this process, there are two methods: scalar accumulation and vector accumulation.

zh-cn	为了分析这两种积累方式的特性，该文在对干涉仪测向模型与相位差形成过程简要介绍之后，基于信号矢量方法获得了相位差的统计特性，
en-us	In order to analyze on these two methods, after a brief introduction to the direction finding model of interferometer and the formation process of phase difference, the statistical characteristics of phase difference are deduced by using the signal vector method.

zh-cn	并利用推导得到的概率密度分布结果对相位差标量积累与矢量积累进行了详尽对比，
en-us	Then a detailed contrast between scalar accumulation and vector accumulation ofphase difference is made by using the probability distribution results derived.

zh-cn	不仅揭示了标量积累过程中的门限效应，而且从理论上证明了矢量积累对真实值的无限逼近过程。
en-us	This not only reveals thethreshold effect in scalar accumulation, but also the infinite approximation process of vector accumulation tothe real value is theoretically proved.

zh-cn	最后通过仿真验证了理论分析的有效性与正确性。
en-us	Finally, the validity and correctness of the theoretical analysis are verifiedby simulations.

zh-cn	从而为干涉仪工程应用中相位差测量数据的有效处理提供了重要的理论指导。
en-us	It provides an important theoretical guidance on the data processing of interferometer phase difference measurement for engineering application.

zh-cn	为了提高微波链路雨衰特征的描述精度，拓展微波链路信号的可用参数，该文利用部署于江苏江阴地区的15 GHz, 18 GHz和23 GHz微波链路和雨量计开展同步对比观测，拟合得到3种频段的微波链路雨衰关系。
en-us	To improve the description accuracy of the characteristics of microwave link induced by rainattenuation and expand the available parameters of microwave link signals, the 15 GHz, 18 GHz and 23 GHzmicrowave links and rain gauges deployed in Jiangyin area of Jiangsu Province are used to carry outsynchronous comparative observation, and the rain attenuation relationship at three frequency bands are fitted.

zh-cn	提取并分析了接收信号电平的平均值、中位数、25%分位数、75%分位数、标准差、极大值和极小值等13个特征量与晴雨时刻、降雨强度之间的关系，
en-us	The relationship between the 13 features of the received signal level (including the average, median, 25%quantile, 75% quantile, standard deviation, maximum, minimum, etc.) and the rain/no-rain period and rainfallintensity is extracted and analyzed.

zh-cn	得出结论：微波链路的信号变化和降雨强度的变化存在明显的负相关关系。
en-us	The conclusions are as follows. There is an obvious negative correlationbetween the signal of microwave link and the rainfall intensity.

zh-cn	实际拟合的雨衰关系与ITU-R的经验雨衰关系具有较好的一致性，但是在不同频段上均有差异；
en-us	There is a general good consistency between thefitted rain attenuation relationship and the ITU-R empirical rain attenuation relationship, but there are certainof differences in different frequencies;

zh-cn	所有13个参量在有雨时刻和无雨时刻均存在一定概率的重叠，这是造成晴雨区分困难的主要原因；
en-us	All 13 parameters have a certain probability of overlap in the rain period and no-rain period, which is the main reason why it is difficult to distinguish between rain and no-rain;

zh-cn	频率越高，信号变化受降雨的影响越显著，越有利于微波链路反演降雨。
en-us	The higher is the frequency, the more significant is the impact of rainfall on the signal change, the more conducive to the microwave link inversion of rainfall.

zh-cn	所得出的结论为提高微波链路测雨方法中的晴雨区分、参考值确定以及雨强反演的精度提供重要依据。
en-us	The results provide an important basis for improving the discrimination of rain and no-rain, and determination of reference value and inversion of rain intensity.

zh-cn	针对高速铁路接触网吊弦的状态检测问题，该文提出一种基于RefineDet网络和霍夫变换的吊弦多尺度定位与识别方法。
en-us	In order to solve the problems of detection and state analysis of high-speed railway catenarydroppers, this paper proposes a multi-scale detection method for dropper states based on Refinedet network andHough transform.

zh-cn	通过设计RefineDet网络的粗调和精调模块对吊弦整体结构进行定位，采用霍夫变换锁定吊弦中部吊悬线所在直线，并利用旋转因子沿直线方向提取吊悬线区域；
en-us	First, the positioning result of droppers through Refinedet network is obtained, and Houghtransform is used to locate where the dropper line is;

zh-cn	以吊悬线区域代替吊弦结构整体区域送入分类网络进行训练，通过所建立的多尺度吊弦状态检测模型，实现吊弦状态的精确识别。
en-us	Then the surrounding area of the dropper line is extractedwith a ralated twiddle factor. Those extracted areas, replacing the results of detection net, are fed intoclassification network for training the final dropper state analysis mode.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，吊弦定位模型的准确率达95.3%以上；霍夫变换可排除无效区域对吊弦状态识别的干扰，提高分类网络的训练速度，吊弦状态识别模型准确率达97.5%以上。
en-us	Experiments show that the accuracy of dropper detection model is over 95.3%, and the dropper state analysis model can eliminate the impact of meaningless area pixels while accelerating training process, the final state analysis model achieves a high accuracy over 97.5%.

zh-cn	高效视频编码(HEVC)标准相对于H.264/AVC标准提升了压缩效率，但由于引入的编码单元四叉树划分结构也使得编码复杂度大幅度提升。
en-us	Compared to H.264/AVC coding standard, High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) improves the compression efficiency, but the consequent disadvantage is the significant increase in encoding complexity by using the quad-tree partition.

zh-cn	对此，该文提出一种针对HEVC帧内编码模式下编码单元(CU)划分表征矢量预测的多层特征传递卷积神经网络(MLFT-CNN)，大幅度降低了视频编码复杂度。
en-us	A Multi-Layer Feature Transfer Convolutional Neural Network (MLFT-CNN) forCoding Unit (CU) division and characterization vector prediction in HEVC intra coding mode is proposed, which greatly reduces the complexity of video coding.

zh-cn	首先，提出融合CU划分结构信息的降分辨率特征提取模块；
en-us	Firstly, a reduced-resolution feature extraction moduleincorporating CU partition structure information is proposed.

zh-cn	其次，改进通道注意力机制以提升特征的纹理表达性能；
en-us	Then, the channel attention mechanism isimproved for a better texture expression performance of the feature.

zh-cn	再次，设计特征传递机制，用高深度编码单元划分特征指导低深度编码单元的划分；
en-us	After that, the feature transfer mechanismis designed to use the feature division of high-depth coding unit to guide the division of low-depth coding unit.

zh-cn	最后建立分段特征表示的目标损失函数，训练端到端的CU划分表征矢量预测网络。
en-us	Finally, the target loss function represented by the segmented feature is established, and the end-to-end CUdivision represents the vector prediction network.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，在不影响视频编码质量的前提下，该文所提算法有效地降低了HEVC的编码复杂度，与标准方法相比，编码复杂度平均下降了70.96%。
en-us	The experimental results show that the proposed algorithmeffectively reduces the encoding complexity of HEVC without affecting the video coding quality. Specifically,compared to the standard method, the encoding complexity on the standard test sequence is reduced by 70.96%on average.

zh-cn	基于脑电(EEG)信号的气味识别研究在嗅觉功能客观评价及嗅觉障碍疾病诊断等方面具有重要的应用价值。
en-us	The study of odor recognition based on ElectroEncephaloGram (EEG) signals has importantapplication value to objectively evaluating olfactory function and diagnosing olfactory disorders.

zh-cn	在实际应用场景中使用过多EEG通道会带来诸多不便，因此研究如何选择EEG通道尤为重要。
en-us	Because of theinconvenience caused by using too many EEG channels in practical application scenarios, it is particularlyimportant to study how to choose EEG channels.

zh-cn	该文针对嗅觉EEG信号分类中的通道选择问题，提出了一种新型的基于ReliefF-Pearson的嗅觉EEG通道选择算法。
en-us	In this paper, a new ReliefF-Pearson channel selectionalgorithm is proposed to solve the channel selection problem in the classification of olfactory EEG signals.

zh-cn	该算法结合ReliefF的权值思想和Pearson系数的相关性原理对EEG通道进行选择。
en-us	Thealgorithm combines the weight idea of ReliefF and the correlation principle of Pearson coefficient to select EEGchannels.

zh-cn	结果表明，与传统基于ReliefF的通道选择算法相比，该文所提算法在保证一定分类准确率的同时能够显著减少使用的通道数量，并且通道选择的结果不依赖人为经验和分类器。
en-us	Experimental results show that compared with the traditional ReliefF-based channel selectionalgorithm, the proposed algorithm could significantly reduce the number of channels used while ensuring acertain classification accuracy, and the result of channel selection does not depend on human experience andclassifiers.

zh-cn	此外，使用该方法获取的通道，其空间分布与已有的嗅觉神经生理学位置相一致，进一步证实了该方法的科学性和有效性。
en-us	In addition, the spatial distribution of the selected channels is consistent with the existing olfactory neurophysiological position, which further confirms the scientificity and effectiveness of this method.

zh-cn	该文所提算法为嗅觉EEG通道选择的研究提供了新思路。
en-us	The proposed method provides new idea for the research of olfactory EEG channel selection.

zh-cn	为了有效抵抗水印图像的几何攻击，该文提出了一种基于Blob-Harris特征区域和非下采样轮廓波变换(NSCT)和伪Zernike矩的鲁棒水印算法。
en-us	To resist the geometric attack of watermarked images effectively, a robust watermarking algorithmbased on Blob-Harris feature region combined with NonSubsampled Contourlet Transform (NSCT) and pseudoZernike moment is proposed.

zh-cn	首先原始图像进行两层非下采样Contourlet变换后提取其低频图像，
en-us	First, the original image is extracted from its low-frequency image after two-layerNSCT.

zh-cn	然后利用Blob-Harris检测算子对低频图像进行特征点提取，
en-us	Then, Blob-Harris detection operator is used to extract the feature points of the low-frequency image.

zh-cn	根据各个特征点的特征尺度确定其特征区域，优化筛选出稳定且互不重叠的特征区域并将其四周补零，得到稳定的互不重叠的方形特征区域作为水印嵌入区域，
en-us	The feature regions are determined according to the feature scale of each feature point, and the stable non-overlapping feature areas are optimized and filtered out and zero padding around them to obtain square featureareas as watermark embedding areas.

zh-cn	最后计算每一个方形特征区域的Zernike矩，将水印信息嵌入在量化调制正则化Zernike矩的幅值当中。
en-us	Finally, the Zernike moments of each square feature area are calculated,the watermarking information is embeded to quantized modulation regularized Zernike moments.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，Lena图峰值信噪比达到40 dB以上时，本文算法对常规图像处理以及缩放、旋转、剪切等几何攻击和组合攻击都有相对较强的鲁棒性。
en-us	Theexperimental results show that when the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the Lena reaches more than 40 dB, thealgorithm has relatively strong robustness to conventional image processing, geometric attacks such as scaling,rotation, and shearing and combined attacks.

zh-cn	针对贝叶斯变分推理收敛精度低和搜索过程中易陷入局部最优的问题，该文基于模拟退火理论(SA)和最大期望理论(EM)，
en-us	For the problem that Bayesian variational inference with low convergence precision is easy to fall intolocal optimum during search process, a Bayesian variational inference algorithm based on Expectation-Maximization (EM) and Simulated Annealing (SA) is proposed.

zh-cn	考虑变分推理过程中初始先验对最终结果的影响和变分自由能的优化效率问题，构建了双重EM模型学习变分参数的初始先验，以降低初始先验的敏感性，
en-us	The influence of the initial prior on the finalresult and the optimization efficiency of the variational free energy in the process of variational inference cannot be ignored. The double EM is introduced to construct the initial prior of the variational parameter toreduce the sensitivity of the initial prior.

zh-cn	同时构建逆温度参数改进变分自由能函数，使变分自由能在优化过程得到有效控制，并提出一种基于最大期望模拟退火的贝叶斯变分推理算法。
en-us	And the inverse temperature parameter is introducted to improve thefree energy function, which makes the energy be effectively controlled in the optimization process. This paperuses convergence criterion theory to analyze the convergence of the algorithm.

zh-cn	该文使用收敛性准则理论分析算法的收敛性，利用所提算法对一个混合高斯分布实例进行实验仿真，实验结果表明该算法具有较优的收敛结果。
en-us	The proposed algorithm is used for experiments with an Gaussian mixture model and the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has better convergence results.

zh-cn	联盟结构生成是分布式人工智能的重要研究内容，一般仅依据智能体效用生成任意数量的联盟，这导致最优联盟结构生成的计算复杂度NP难。
en-us	The coalition structure generation is an important domain of distributed artificial intelligence. Mostcoalition formation models are only based on the utility, and any number of coalitions are permitted, whichmakes it be NP complexity difficult to generate the optimal coalition structure.

zh-cn	实际上，信任是合作的基础，信任关系对最终效用有直接的影响，应该综合考虑信任和效用关系。
en-us	Actually, Trust is the base ofcooperation and has direct effect on the final utility. So, not only utility but also trust relationship should beseriously considered.

zh-cn	针对以上问题，该文扩展效用约束为信任和效用约束，用信任和效用二元组表示，以此作为联盟结构生成的依据。
en-us	To this end, the utility constraint is extended to trust and utility constraint, a two-tuplesis used to represent utility and trust, which is the base of coalition structure generation.

zh-cn	借鉴图割的s-t-cut算法，研究了基于信任和效用关系的联盟结构生成，在保证智能体个体理性和联盟稳定(无块)的前提下，使用信任和效用关系对网络进行切割，从而形成联盟。
en-us	Inspired by the classics-t-cut algorithm for graph cut, coalition structure generation constrained by trust and utility relationship is investigated. Assuming that individual rationality of agents and the stability of coalition (there is no block) issatisfied, the network is cut by the relationship of utility and trust to formation coalitions.

zh-cn	由此，该文提出了两种多项式时间的精确算法：信任关系约束下的MT-s-t-cut算法和信任效用关系约束下的MTU-s-t-cut算法，这两种算法均能够在多项式时间内得到最优联盟结构。
en-us	The proposed algorithms of coalition structure generation named MT-s-t-cut and MTU-s-t-cut (Trust s-t-cut) can output the optimal coalition structure in polynomial time.

zh-cn	仿真实验验证了信任关系影响所形成的联盟结构，社会整体效用随智能体数量的增加而增加，并且算法的运行时间远小于动态规划法(DP)和ODP-IP算法。
en-us	The results of simulated experiments show that the social utilityincreases with the number of agents, and the running time of the algorithms are far less than that of DynamicProgramming (DP) and Optimal Dynamic Programming and Integer Partition (ODP-IP) algorithms.

zh-cn	作为计算机视觉和图像处理研究领域中的经典课题，行人检测技术在智能驾驶、视频监控等领域中具有广泛的应用空间。
en-us	As a classic subject in computer vision and image processing, pedestrian detection has a wide range ofapplications to intelligence driving and video monitoring fields.

zh-cn	然而，面对一些复杂的环境和情况，如阴雨、雾霾、被遮挡、照明度变化、目标尺度差异大等，常见的基于可见光或红外图像的行人检测方法的效果尚不尽如人意，无论是在检测准确率还是检测速度上。
en-us	However, most of pedestrian detection methodsbased on visible or infrared images have no satisfying result in some complex environments or situations, suchas rain, smog, occlusion, variation of illuminance and target scales, no matter in terms of detection accuracy orspeed.

zh-cn	该文分析并抓住可见光和红外检测系统中行人特征差异较大，但在不同环境中又各有优势的特点，
en-us	This paper analyzes and finds out that, pedestrians usually have quite different characteristics in visibleand infrared image, and which have their own advantages in different environments.

zh-cn	并结合多尺度特征提取方法，提出一种适用于多样复杂环境下多尺度行人实时检测的方法——融合行人检测网络(FPDNet)。
en-us	Therefore, combining fusion and multi-scale technology, a real-time multi-scale pedestrian detection algorithm suitable for complex environment named FPDNet (Fusion Pedestrian Detection Network) is proposed.

zh-cn	该网络主要由特征提取骨干网络、多尺度检测和信息决策融合3个部分构成，可自适应提取可见光或红外背景下的多尺度行人。
en-us	The detection framework is consisted by three main modules: feature extraction backbone network, multi-scale detection network and decision-level fusion network. The proposed method is able to extract multi-scale pedestrian characteristicsunder visible or infrared background adaptively.

zh-cn	实验结果证明，该检测网络在多种复杂视觉环境下都具有较好的适应能力，在检测准确性和检测速度上均能满足实际应用的需求。
en-us	Experimental results prove that the detection network hasgood adaptability in complex visual environments, and can meet the demands of practical applications todetection accuracy and speed.

zh-cn	针对当前行为识别方法无法有效提取非欧式3维骨架序列的时空信息与缺乏针对特定关节关注的问题，该文提出了一种基于3维图卷积与注意力增强的行为识别模型。
en-us	To solve the problems that current behavior recognition methods can not effectively extract thespatial-temporal information in non-European 3D skeleton sequence and lack attention for specific joints, anaction recognition model based on 3D graph convolution and attention enhanced is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	首先，介绍了3维卷积与图卷积的具体工作原理；
en-us	Firstly, the specific working principles of the 3D convolution and graph convolution are introduced;

zh-cn	其次，基于图卷积中可处理变长邻居节点的图卷积核，引入3维卷积的3维采样空间将2维图卷积核改进为具有3维采样空间的3维图卷积核，提出一种3维图卷积方法。
en-us	Secondly, a3D graph convolution method is proposed. It is based on the graph convolution kernel that can handle variable-length neighbor nodes in graph and 3D sampling space of 3D convolution is introduced to improve 2D graphconvolution kernel to 3D graph convolution kernel with 3D sampling space.

zh-cn	针对3维采样空间内的邻居节点，通过3维图卷积核，实现了对骨架序列中时空信息的有效提取；
en-us	For neighbor nodes in 3D sampling space, this method realizes effective extraction of spatial-temporal information with a 3D graph convolution kernel;

zh-cn	然后，为增强对于特定关节的关注，聚焦重要的动作信息，设计了一种注意力增强结构；
en-us	Thirdly, in order to enhance attention to specific joints and focus important action information, anattention enhanced structure is designed.

zh-cn	再者，结合3维图卷积方法与注意力增强结构，构建了基于3维图卷积与注意力增强的行为识别模型；
en-us	Besides, through combining 3D graph convolution with attentionenhanced structure, action recognition model based on 3D graph convolution and attention enhanced isproposed.

zh-cn	最后，基于NTU-RGBD和MSR Action 3D骨架动作数据集开展了骨架行为识别的研究。
en-us	Finally, the researches are carried on NTU-RGBD and MSR Action 3D skeleton action dataset.

zh-cn	研究结果进一步验证了基于3维图卷积与注意力增强的行为识别模型针对时空信息的有效提取能力及识别准确率。
en-us	The results further verify the ability to extract spatial-temporal information of this model and its classificationaccuracy.

zh-cn	像素间的上下文相关信息对图像分割算法的抗噪性和准确性具有重要意义，现有的模糊C均值(FCM)聚类算法对此缺乏充分考虑。
en-us	The correlation information between pixels is of great significance for image segmentation. The existing Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering algorithm lacks sufficient consideration for it.

zh-cn	该文基于对空间上下文的可靠性度量，提出一种模糊C均值聚类算法(RSFCM)应用于图像分割：通过对空间上下文有效建模来提高聚类算法的抗噪声干扰性能，并研究了一种新的可靠性模糊度量指标，使聚类算法能更好地平衡细节保留和去噪，从而获得更加准确的分割结果。
en-us	Based on the reliabilitymeasure of spatial context, this paper proposes a Reliability-based Spatial context Fuzzy C-Means (RSFCM)clustering algorithm: The clustering algorithm anti-noise performance is improved by effectively modeling thespatial neighborhood; A new reliability fuzzy metric is proposed, which balances the relationship between detailretention and anti-noise, so that the clustering results are more accurate.

zh-cn	实验选取人工合成图像、交通标志图像和遥感图像3类数据测试聚类算法性能，结果表明，RSFCM在图像分割过程中能有效地抑制椒盐噪声和高斯噪声引起的类内异构及类间同构问题，能提高图像的像素可分性，并有效地保留了图像的边缘细节。
en-us	A synthetic image, a traffic sign imageand a remote sensing image are used to test the algorithms performance. The results show, compared with theexisting FCM algorithm, RSFCM can effectively suppress heterogeneity of intra-class objects caused by Salt &Pepper noise and Gaussian noise for the image segmentation, improve pixels separability and preserve the edgedetails of the image greatly.

zh-cn	针对当前目标检测算法对小目标及密集目标检测效果差的问题，该文在融合多种特征和增强浅层特征表征能力的基础上提出了浅层特征增强网络(SEFN)，
en-us	Current object detection algorithms have poor detection results on small targets and dense targets.To address this challenge, a Shallow Enhanced Feature Network (SEFN) is proposed in this paper, which isbased on the fusion of multiple features and enhanced shallow feature characterization capabilities.

zh-cn	首先将特征提取网络VGG16中Conv4_3层和Conv5_3层提取的特征进行融合形成基础融合特征；
en-us	Firstly, thefeatures extracted from the Conv4_3 layer and Conv5_3 layer are combined to form basic fusion features.

zh-cn	然后将基础融合特征输入到小型的多尺度语义信息融合模块中，得到具有丰富上下文信息和空间细节信息的语义特征，同时把语义特征和基础融合特征经过特征重利用模块获得浅层增强特征；
en-us	Then the basic fusion features are inputted into a small multi-scale semantic information fusion module toobtain semantic features of rich contextual information and spatial detail information. The semantic featuresare fused into the basics features by the feature reuse module to obtain shallow enhanced features.

zh-cn	最后基于浅层增强特征进行一系列卷积获取多个不同尺度的特征，并输入各检测分支进行检测，利用非极大值抑制算法实现最终的检测结果。
en-us	Finally, aseries of convolutions are performed based on the shallow enhanced features to obtain multiple features withdifferent scales. Multiple detection branches are then constructed based on the features of different scales. The non-maximum suppression algorithm is used to achieve the final detection.

zh-cn	在PASCAL VOC2007和MS COCO2014数据集上进行测试，模型的平均精度均值分别为81.2%和33.7%，相对于经典的单极多盒检测器(SSD)算法，分别提高了2.7%和4.9%；
en-us	The average accuracy of theproposed model is 81.2% and 33.7% on the PASCAL VOC2007 and MS COCO2014 datasets respectively,which is 2.7% and 4.9% higher than the classic Single Shot multibox Detector (SSD) algorithm.

zh-cn	此外，该文方法在检测小目标和密集目标场景上，检测精度和召回率都有显著提升。
en-us	In addition, ondetecting small targets in dense target scenes, the detection accuracy and recall rate of the proposed method aresignificantly improved.

zh-cn	实验结果表明该文算法采用特征金字塔结构增强了浅层特征的语义信息，并利用特征重利用模块有效保留了浅层的细节信息用于检测，增强了模型对小目标和密集目标的检测效果。
en-us	The experimental results show that the feature pyramid structure can enhance thesemantic information of shallow features, and the feature reuse module can effectively retain shallow detailinformation for detection, so the proposed method can get better detection performance on small targets anddense targets.

zh-cn	单发多框检测器SSD是一种在简单、快速和准确性之间有着较好平衡的目标检测器算法。
en-us	Single Shot multibox Detector (SSD) is a object detection algorithm that provides the optimal trade-off among simplicity, speed and accuracy.

zh-cn	SSD网络结构中检测层单一的利用方式使得特征信息利用不充分，将导致小目标检测不够鲁棒。
en-us	The single use of detection layers in SSD network structure makesthe feature information not fully utilized, which will lead to the small object detection are not robust enough.

zh-cn	该文提出一种基于注意力机制的单发多框检测器算法ASSD。
en-us	Inthis paper, an Attention based Single Shot multibox Detector (ASSD) is proposed.

zh-cn	ASSD算法首先利用提出的双向特征融合模块进行特征信息融合以获取包含丰富细节和语义信息的特征层，然后利用提出的联合注意力单元进一步挖掘重点特征信息进而指导模型优化。
en-us	The ASSD algorithm first uses the proposed two-way feature fusion module to fuse the feature information to obtain the feature layer which containing rich details and semantic information. Then, the proposed joint attention unit is used to minefurther the key feature information to guide the model optimization.

zh-cn	最后，公共数据集上进行的一系列相关实验表明ASSD算法有效提高了传统SSD算法的检测精度，尤其适用于小目标检测。
en-us	Finally, a series of experiments on thecommon data set show that the ASSD algorithm effectively improves the detection accuracy of conventionalSSD algorithm, especially for small object detection.

zh-cn	针对全变分(TV)算法梯度效应造成图像纹理细节丢失和单像素成像系统中的环境噪声问题，该文给出基于高斯平滑压缩感知分数阶全变分(FOTVGS)算法的图像重构。
en-us	In view of the gradient effect caused by the gradient effect of the Total Variation (TV) algorithm and the environmental noise in the single pixel imaging system, an image reconstruction based on the GaussianSmooth compressed sensing Fractional Order Total Variation algorithm (FOTVGS) is proposed.

zh-cn	分数阶微分损失图像低频分量的同时增加了图像的高频分量，达到增强图像细节的目的，高斯平滑滤波算子更新拉格朗日梯度算子滤除了微分算子导致的加性高斯白噪声高频分量的增加。
en-us	Fractionaldifferential loss of low-frequency components of the image increases the high-frequency components of the imageto achieve the purpose of enhancing image details. The Gaussian smoothing filter operator updates the Lagrangian gradient operator to filter out the additive white Gaussian noise caused by the differential operator.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，对比其他4种同类算法，在相同的采样率和噪声水平下，该算法能取得最大的峰值信噪比(PSNR)和结构相似度(SSIM)。
en-us	Simulation results show that, compared with other four similar algorithms, the algorithm can achieve themaximum Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural SIMilarity(SSIM) at the same sampling rate andnoise level.

zh-cn	采样率为0.2时，对比分数阶全变分(FOTV)算法，在无噪声(测量值)和有噪声(测量值)情况下提高的最大峰值信噪比和结构相似度分别是1.39 dB(0.035)和3.91 dB(0.098)。
en-us	When the sampling rate is 0.2, compared with the Fractional Order Total Variation (FOTV)algorithm, the maximum PSNR and SSIM increase by 1.39 dB (0.035) and 3.91 dB (0.098) respectively.

zh-cn	可见，此算法在无噪声和有噪声情况下均能提高图像的重构质量，尤其是在有噪声情况下对图像重构质量有较大提高。
en-us	It canbe proved that this algorithm can improve the reconstruction quality of the image in the absence of noise andnoise, especially in the case of noise, the quality of image reconstruction is greatly improved.

zh-cn	该算法为单像素成像等计算成像系统中由于环境造成的噪声的图像重构提供了可行的解决方案。
en-us	The proposedalgorithm provides a feasible solution for image reconstruction of noise caused by environment in single-pixelimaging and other computing imaging system.

zh-cn	随着地铁乘客的大量增加，实时准确地监测地铁站内客流量对于保证乘客安全具有重要意义。
en-us	With the large increase of passengers in metro stations, precise and real-time monitoring of passengerflow in subway stations is of great significance for ensuring passenger safety.

zh-cn	针对地铁场景复杂、行人目标小等特点，该文提出了多尺度加权特征融合(MWF)网络，实现地铁客流量的精准实时监测。
en-us	Based on the features ofcomplicated subway scenes and small pedestrian targets, a Multi-scale Weighted Feature (MWF) fusionnetwork to achieve accurate real-time monitoring of subway passengers is proposed.

zh-cn	在数据预处理阶段，该文提出过采样目标增强算法，对小目标占比不足的图片进行拼接处理，增加小目标在训练时的迭代频率。
en-us	In the data preprocessing stage, an oversampling target enhancement algorithm is proposed to stitch the pictures with an insufficient proportion of small targets to increase the iteration frequency of small targets during training.

zh-cn	其次，在单镜头多核检测器(SSD)网络基础上添加了基于VGG16网络的特征提取层，将不同尺度的特征层以不同方式进行加权融合，并选出最优的特征融合方式。
en-us	Secondly, featureextraction layers based on the VGG16 network are added to the Single Shot multibox Detector (SSD) network.The feature layers of different scales are weighted and fused in different ways, and the optimal feature fusionmethod is selected.

zh-cn	最终，结合小目标过采样增强算法，得到多尺度加权特征融合模型。
en-us	Finally, combined with the small target oversampling enhancement algorithm, a multi-scaleweighted feature fusion model is obtained.

zh-cn	实验证明，该方法与SSD网络相比，在保证实时性的同时，检测精度提升了5.82%。
en-us	Experiments show that the detection accuracy of this method hasimproved by 5.82 percent compared with the SSD network and doesn’t reduce the speed of detection.

zh-cn	面向毫米波相控阵雷达系统应用，该文基于55 nm CMOS工艺设计了一款工作于130 GHz的有源矢量(VM)合成移相器。
en-us	A 130 GHz active Vector-Modulation (VM) phase shifter based on 55 nm CMOS process is presentedfor millimeter-wave phased array radar applications.

zh-cn	该电路包含宽带正交发生器、可变增益放大和矢量合成模块。
en-us	A wideband quadrature generator, there stages variablegain amplifiers and a Gilbert-based summator are exploited in the proposed phase shifter.

zh-cn	为提升移相器相位分辨率和移相精度，该电路可变增益放大采用了具有高频宽带属性的共栅放大结构和具有高增益属性的含中和电容的共源共栅放大结构多级级联的形式。
en-us	For improving thephase resolution and accuracy of the phase shifter, multi-stage wide gain-range variable gain amplifiers, whichconsists of stack common-gate amplifiers and the cascode amplifier based on capacitance neutralizationtechnology, are employed.

zh-cn	为避免移相器在矢量合成时由自身结构特点产生相位断裂而导致移相范围下降，该设计电路在矢量合成模块中融入了数控人工介质(DiCAD)结构。
en-us	In addition, the Digital Controlled Artificial Dielectric (DiCAD) structure are alsoadopted in the proposed phase shifter to cover the phase gap result by VM structure.

zh-cn	通过全波电磁仿真对所设计毫米波移相器进行验证，在125～135 GHz频率范围内，所设计移相器平均增益大于1 dB，移相器可由控制电压控制实现全360°范围内5.625°的相位步进，RMS相位误差小于4°，电路面积为1100 mm×600 mm，功耗33 mW。
en-us	The full-wave electromagnetic simulation results show that the average gain of the proposed phase shifter is above 1 dB at125 to 135 GHz. The phase shifting range can cover full 360°with a 5.6° phase step, and the RMS phase error isless than 4° at operating frequency range. The area of the phase shifter is 1100 mm×600 mm, and the powerconsumption is 33 mW.

zh-cn	该文以高能效为目标，建立了密码专用处理器能效概率模型，并指导高能效密码专用处理器体系结构设计。
en-us	This paper establishes an energy efficiency probability model for a dedicated cryptographic processor,and guides the design of the cryptographic processor.

zh-cn	该文将面向密码领域的专用指令处理器设计空间探索问题描述为“1”值在配置矩阵中的定位问题，通过引入概率矩阵进一步将定位问题转化为最优配置的概率问题，并基于机器学习思想提出了密码专用处理器最高能效概率模型。
en-us	The design space exploration problem of a processor isdesigned as the positioning problem of "1" values in the configuration matrix. The probability matrix isintroduced to transform the positioning problem into an optimal configuration probability problem. Based onthe idea of machine learning, a probability model for the highest energy efficiency of a dedicated cryptographicprocessor is proposed.

zh-cn	实验证明，该文提出的能效概率模型平均经过2300次迭代输出最终结果，且预测准确率达到92.7%。
en-us	Experiments prove that the energy efficiency probability model in this paper outputs thefinal result after 2300 iterations on average, and the prediction accuracy rate reaches 92.7%.

zh-cn	根据最高能效概率模型，对密码专用处理器设计空间进行探索，获取满足高能效需求的密码专用处理器运算单元集合，以扩展指令的方式将其集成到开源通用64位RISCV处理器核心Araine中，提出高能效密码专用处理器体系结构。
en-us	According to thehighest energy efficiency probability model, a collection of computing units that meet high energy efficiencyrequirements can be obtained, and they are integrated into the open source general-purpose 64 bit RISCVprocessor core named Ariane. A dedicated processor for energy-efficient cryptography is built.

zh-cn	将该处理器在CMOS 55 nm工艺下进行逻辑综合，结果表明，该文提出的RISCV密码专用处理器与扩展前相比面积增大了426874 mm2，关键延迟增加了0.51 ns，完成密码算法总时间面积积增幅之和为0.46，执行常见密码算法能效比在1.61～35.16 Mbps/mW范围内。
en-us	The processor is synthesized under the CMOS 55 nm process, and the results show that compared with Ariane, the area of the proposed cryptographic processor increases by 426874 mm2, the key delay increases by 0.51 ns, and the sum of the increasing total time area of the cryptographic algorithm is 0.46, the energy efficiency ratio of common cryptographic algorithms is within the range of 1.6～35.16 Mbps/mW.

zh-cn	针对单光子探测盖革雪崩焦平面读出电路应用，基于全局共享延迟锁相环和2维H型时钟树网络，该文设计一款低抖动多相位时钟电路。
en-us	A low-jitter multi-phase clock generation circuit is designed based on a global shared Delay LockedLoop (DLL) and a two-dimensional H-shaped clock tree network for Geiger-mode avalanche focal plane arrayapplications.

zh-cn	延迟锁相环采用8相位压控延迟链、双边沿触发型鉴相器和启动-复位模块，引入差分电荷泵结构，减小充放电流失配，降低时钟抖动。
en-us	The DLL adopts an eight-phase voltage-controlled delay chain, a double-edge trigger phasedetector and a start reset module. A differential charge pump structure is introduced to reduce the currentmismatch between charging and discharging and lower the clock timing jitter.

zh-cn	采用H时钟树结构，减小大规模电路芯片传输路径不对称引起的相位差异，确保多路分相时钟等延迟到达像素单元。
en-us	H clock tree structure is involved to diminish the phase variation induced by the asymmetry of the transmission route for large scale integrated circuit, ensuring an equal delay of the multi-channel split-phase clock signal to the pixel unit.

zh-cn	采用0.18 mm CMOS工艺流片，测试结果表明，延迟锁相环锁定频率范围150～400 MHz。锁定范围内，相位噪声低于–127 dBc/Hz@1 MHz，时钟RMS抖动低于2.5ps，静态相位误差低于65 ps。
en-us	The locking frequency range of 150～400 MHz, phase noises below -127 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset, RMS timing jitter of below2.5 ps and static phase error below 65 ps are achieved based on a 0.18 mm digital-analog hybrid CMOS technology.

zh-cn	毫米波雷达的距离分辨率和最大可工作距离通常受雷达射频信号带宽和发射功率的限制，具有宽工作带宽、高输出功率、高灵敏度、高精度相位控制的毫米波雷达芯片是实现高性能毫米波雷达系统的关键。
en-us	The range resolution and maximum working distance of millimeter-wave radar are usually limited by the RF bandwidth and transmitted power. Millimeter-wave radar front-end chip with wide bandwidth, hightransmitted power, high sensitivity and high-precision phase control is crucial to millimeter-wave radar systemto achieve high performance.

zh-cn	毫米波雷达芯片的设计难点主要集中在阻抗匹配、噪声降低、功率提升、相位控制等方面。
en-us	The difficulties of millimeter-wave radar chips mainly focus on impedancematching, noise reduction, transmitted power increase, phase control, etc.

zh-cn	因此，该文针对毫米波雷达前端芯片设计难点的关键解决技术进行探讨和综述。
en-us	Therefore, this article discusses andsummarizes the key technique to solution the difficulties of millimeter-wave radar front-end chips.

zh-cn	该文基于DNA折纸术，设计了一个通过DNA折纸结构的自组装求解图的顶点着色问题的方法。
en-us	Based on the DNA origami technique, a method for the graph vertex coloring problem is proposed viathe self-assembly of DNA origami structures.

zh-cn	利用DNA折纸术可以构建出具有特定形状的DNA折纸结构。
en-us	Utilizing the DNA origami technique different DNA origamistructures with specific shapes are constructed.

zh-cn	这些结构可以用来编码图的顶点和边，由于这些结构具有粘性末端，因此可以通过特异的分子杂交组装成为代表了不同的图的顶点着色方案的高级结构。
en-us	These structures are utilized to encode the information of agraph’s vertices and edges, and because these structures have sticky ends, so they can assemble to advancedstructures which stands for different answers of the graph vertex coloring problem via specific molecularhybridization.

zh-cn	利用DNA-纳米颗粒共聚体的属性和电泳等实验方法，可以筛选出正确的符合条件的图的顶点着色方案。
en-us	Utilizing the property of DNA nanoparticle conjugation and electrophoresis as well as otherexperimental methods, the correct answer of the graph vertex coloring problem can be detected.

zh-cn	该方法是一种高度并行的方法，可以极大地降低求解图的顶点着色问题的复杂度。
en-us	This method ishighly parallel, and can greatly reduce the complexity of the graph vertex coloring problem.

zh-cn	水平集算法因其出色的性能，在图像分割领域中得到了广泛的应用。
en-us	The level set algorithm is widely used for image segmentation due to its high accuracy.

zh-cn	同时，与基于深度学习的图像分割算法相比，水平集算法不需要训练数据，大幅降低了数据标记带来的工作量。
en-us	In addition, compared to the deep learning-based image segmentation methods, the level set algorithm can be implemented without training data, which reduces significantly the labeling efforts.

zh-cn	然而，目前水平集算法主要是基于软件开发，涉及大量复杂的计算，以及计算的多次迭代，导致较高的处理延时与功耗。
en-us	However, the normal level set algorithm is still developed using software, involving complex computation with a large number of pixels and iteration sand causing long processing time and large power consumption.

zh-cn	为了加快水平集算法的处理速度和降低功耗，该文提出了一种基于FPGA的水平集图像分割算法加速器，其中包含4个设计创新点：任务级并行处理、图像分块像素级并行处理、全流水线处理架构、分时复用的梯度和散度算子处理。
en-us	In this work, an FPGA-based level set hardwareaccelerator is proposed for image segmentation. The proposed hardware accelerator contains four designcomponents: task-level parallel processing, image splitting processing, fully-pipelined processing architecture,and time-multiplexed gradient and divergence processing engine.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，与在CPU上执行的水平集算法相比，该文提出的硬件加速器处理速度提升10.7倍，功耗仅为2.2 W。
en-us	Based on the experimental results, the proposed hardware accelerator achieves up to 10.7 times acceleration compared to the level set algorithm executing on the CPU, with only 2.2 W power consumption.

zh-cn	最近，存算一体(IMC)架构引起了广泛关注，并被认为有望成为突破冯诺依曼瓶颈的新型计算机架构，特别是在数据密集型(data-intensive)计算中能够带来显著的性能和功耗优势。
en-us	In-Memory Computing (IMC) architectures have aroused much attention recently, and are regardedas promising candidates to break the von Neumann bottleneck. IMC architectures can bring significant performance and energy-efficiency improvement especially in data-intensive computation.

zh-cn	其中，基于SRAM的IMC架构方案也被大量研究与应用。
en-us	Among those emerging IMC architectures, SRAM-based ones have also been extensively researched and applied to many scenarios.

zh-cn	该文在一款基于SRAM的通用存算一体架构平台——DM-IMCA的基础上，探索IMC架构在物联网领域中的应用价值。
en-us	In this paper, IoT applications are explored based on a SRAM-based generic IMC architectureplatform named DM-IMCA.

zh-cn	具体来说，该文选取了物联网中包括信息安全、二值神经网络和图像处理在内的多个轻量级数据密集型应用，对算法进行分析或拆分，并将关键算法映射到DM-IMCA中的SRAM中，以达到加速应用计算的目的。
en-us	To be specific, the algorithms of several lightweight data-intensive applications inIoT area including information security, Binary Neural Networks (BNN) and image processing are analyzed, decomposed and then mapped to SRAM macros of DM-IMCA, so as to accelerate the computation of these applications.

zh-cn	实验结果显示，与基于传统冯诺依曼架构的基准系统相比，利用DM-IMCA来实现物联网中的轻量级计算密集型应用，可获得高达24倍的计算加速比。
en-us	Experimental results indicate that DM-IMCA can offer up to 24 times performance speed-up, compared to a baseline system with conventional von Neumann architecture, in terms of realizing light weight data-intensive applications in IoT.

zh-cn	人群计数研究普遍使用欧几里得损失函数，易造成图像局部相关性缺失，且现有研究方法未能充分提取人群图像中连续变化的尺度特征，影响了人群计数模型的性能。
en-us	The performance of the crowd counting methods is degraded due to the commonly used Euclideanloss ignoring the local correlation of images and the limited ability of the model to cope with multi-scale information.

zh-cn	针对上述问题，该文提出一种基于多尺度增强网络的人群计数模型(MSEN)。
en-us	A crowd counting method based on Multi-Scale Enhanced Network(MSEN) is proposed to addressthe above problems.

zh-cn	首先，在多分支结构生成网络中引入区域性判别网络，将二者组合形成嵌入式GAN模块，以增强生成图像的局部相关性；
en-us	Firstly, an embedded GAN module with a multi-branch generator and a regional discriminator is designed to initially generate crowd density maps and optimize their local correlation.

zh-cn	之后，基于金字塔池化结构设计了尺度增强模块，将该模块连接在嵌入式GAN模块之后，进一步从不同区域提取不同尺度的局部特征，以最大程度地应对人群图像局部尺度连续变化的问题，从而增强整体模型的泛化能力。
en-us	Then, a well-designed scale enhancement module is connected after the embedded GAN module to extract further local features of different scales from different regions, which will strengthen the generalization ability of the model.

zh-cn	最后，在3个具有挑战性的人群计数公共数据集上进行了广泛的实验。实验结果表明，该文所述模型可有效提升人群计数问题的准确性和鲁棒性。
en-us	Extensive experimental results on three challenging public datasets demonstrate that the performance of the proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy and robustness of the prediction.

zh-cn	针对室内环境下单次采样测量值的波动变化及信号间的相互干扰，该文提出一种基于分区多元高斯混合模型(MVGMM)的室内定位系统。
en-us	For the fluctuation of single sampling measurement value and the mutual interference between signals in indoor environment, this paper proposes an indoor positioning system based on the partition MultiVariate Gaussian Mixture Model(MVGMM).

zh-cn	根据信号接入点(AP)铺设位置与空间结构，系统采用一对多支持向量机算法对目标区域做分区操作，以精确信号变化的区域范围。
en-us	According to the Access Point (AP) position and indoor spatial structure, the system uses SVM classification in “one-against-all” form to partition the target area in order to predict the subarea with signal changes.

zh-cn	利用狭小分区内信号间的耦合关系，建立基于信号间相互干扰的多元高斯混合模型，以改善信号波动所造成的定位精度下降。
en-us	A MVGMM based on the mutual interference between signalsis established by using the coupling relationship between multiple communication devices in the partition. It is important to improve the positioning accuracy which is affected by signal fluctuation.

zh-cn	当室内环境发生变化时，基于分区多元高斯混合模型的自适应更新算法可对各分区指纹数据的可信度做出判断，并以自适应算法更新信号波动较大分区的模型参数，提高模型与现有环境间的耦合程度。
en-us	When the indoor environment changes, the adaptive updating algorithm based on the partition MVGMM can test the reliability of fingerprint data in each segmentation. Moreover, it can update the model parameters in the partition with large signal fluctuation by the adaptive algorithm to strengthen the coupling relationship between the model and the existing environment.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该文算法可利用相对少量样本数据，构建稳定可维护的室内信号分布模型，相较于其他算法，其定位精度也有一定程度提高。
en-us	Experimental result demonstrates that the proposed algorithm can build a stable andmaintainable indoor signal distribution model by using a relatively small number of sample data. Its positioningaccuracy is also improved to a certain extent compared to other algorithms.

zh-cn	该文提出了一种基于改进简化实频算法的跨多倍频超宽带功率放大器。
en-us	A multi-octave power amplifier is proposed based on the improved simplified real frequency method.

zh-cn	结合负载牵引技术，分析晶体管负载端的最优阻抗值变化。
en-us	Combined with the load-pull technology, the optimal impedance of the transistor is analyzed.

zh-cn	通过改进简化实频法中的优化目标和误差函数，对频段内选取多个频点的最优阻抗进行分析，设计并优化出了功率放大器的输出匹配电路，提高了功放的工作带宽。
en-us	By improving theoptimization objective and error function in the improved simplified real frequency method, the optimalimpedance of multiple frequency points in the frequency band is analyzed. The output matching circuit of thepower amplifier is designed. The broadband matching circuit is optimized, and the working bandwidth of theamplifier is improved.

zh-cn	测试结果显示，在 0.5～2.7 GHz频段内，饱和输出功率达到 42.5 dBm，饱和漏极效率为 64%～75%。
en-us	The test results show that the saturation output power reaches 42.5 dBm and thesaturation drain efficiency is 64%～75% within the frequency band of 0.5～2.7 GHz.

zh-cn	针对网络功能虚拟化/软件定义网络 (NFV/SDN)架构下，网络服务请求动态到达引起的服务功能链(SFC)部署优化问题，该文提出一种基于改进深度强化学习的虚拟网络功能(VNF)部署优化算法。
en-us	Considering the problem of Service Function Chain (SFC) placement optimization caused by thedynamic arrival of network service requests under the Network Function Virtualization/Software DefinedNetwork (NFV/SDN) architecture, a Virtual Network Function (VNF) placement optimization algorithm basedon improved deep reinforcement learning is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，建立了马尔科夫决策过程 (MDP)的随机优化模型，完成SFC的在线部署以及资源的动态分配，该模型联合优化SFC部署成本和时延成本，同时受限于SFC的时延以及物理资源约束。
en-us	Firstly, a stochastic optimization model of MarkovDecision Process (MDP) is established to jointly optimizes SFC placement cost and delay cost, and isconstrained by the delay of SFC, as well as the resources of common server Central Processing Unit (CPU) andphysical link bandwidth.

zh-cn	其次，在VNF部署和资源分配的过程中，存在状态和动作空间过大，以及状态转移概率未知等问题。
en-us	Secondly, in the process of VNF placement and resource allocation, there are problemssuch as too large state space, high dimension of action space, and unknown state transition probability.

zh-cn	该文提出了一种基于深度强化学习的VNF智能部署算法，从而得到近似最优的VNF部署策略和资源分配策略。
en-us	A VNF intelligent placement algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed to obtain an approximately optimal VNF placement strategy and resource allocation strategy.

zh-cn	最后，针对深度强化学习代理通过ε贪婪策略进行动作探索和利用，造成算法收敛速度慢等问题，提出了一种基于值函数差异的动作探索和利用方法，并进一步采用双重经验回放池，解决经验样本利用率低的问题。
en-us	Finally, considering the problems of deep reinforcement learning agent's action exploration and utilization through ε greedy strategy, resulting in lowlearning efficiency and slow convergence speed, a method of action exploration and utilization based on thedifference of value function is proposed, and further adopts dual experience playback pool to solve the problemof low utilization of empirical samples.

zh-cn	仿真结果表示，该算法能够加快神经网络收敛速度，并且可以同时优化SFC部署成本和SFC端到端时延。
en-us	Simulation results show that the algorithm can converge quickly, and itcan optimize SFC placement cost and SFC end-to-end delay.

zh-cn	大部分现有基于格的两方口令认证密钥交换协议(2PAKE)都是在基于不可区分的公共参考串模型或Bel-lare-Pointcheval-Rogaway(BBR)模型下被证明安全的。
en-us	Most of the existing two-party password-based Authenticated Key Exchange (2PAKE) protocols fromlattices are proven secure using the indistinguishable common reference string model or the Bellare-Pointcheval-Rogaway model.

zh-cn	该文提出一个基于环上带误差学习问题的两方口令认证密钥交换协议，并在通用可组合框架下证明其安全性。
en-us	This paper proposes a two-party password-based authenticated key exchange protocol based on the Ring Learning With Errors (RLWE) problem and proves its security under the Universally Composable(UC) framework.

zh-cn	与同类协议相比，新协议具有更高的安全性和更高的效率。
en-us	Compared with similar protocols, the new protocol achieves a higher level of security andefficiency.

zh-cn	LCLC谐振变换器广泛应用在空间行波管放大器(TWTA)中，起到升压的作用。
en-us	The LCLC resonant converters are universally applied to the space Travelling-Wave Tube Amplifiers(TWTA), to boost the input voltage.

zh-cn	在LCLC谐振变换器中，具有多个谐振参数，即变压器漏感、串联谐振电容、励磁电感以及并联谐振电容。多个谐振参数增加了LCLC谐振变换器总损耗优化的难度。
en-us	In an LCLC resonant converter, several resonant components, includingthe leakage inductance, the serial resonant capacitor, the magnetizing inductance and the parallel resonantcapacitor, are included in the resonant tank, which complicates the optimal design of total power loss in theLCLC resonant converter.

zh-cn	该文提出一种基于粒子群优化算法的LCLC谐振变换器优化设计方法，解决LCLC谐振变换器由于多个谐振参数造成的总损耗优化困难的问题。
en-us	In order to solve this problem, in this paper, a Particle-Swarm-Optimization(PSO)algorithm based, optimal design method of the LCLC resonant converter is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，推导了LCLC谐振变换器的总损耗公式；
en-us	At first, the totalpower loss of the LCLC resonant converter is derived based on the circuit analysis;

zh-cn	其次，采用粒子群优化算法，对LCLC谐振变换器的总损耗进行了优化，得到了总损耗最小时的谐振变换器参数；
en-us	After that, the total powerloss of the LCLC resonant converter is optimized by the Particle-Swarm-Optimization algorithm and theoptimal resonant parameters are calculated.

zh-cn	最后，基于优化的LCLC谐振变换器参数，搭建了LCLC谐振变换器，并进行了一系列实验。
en-us	Finally, based on the optimal resonant parameters, the optimalLCLC resonant converter is built.

zh-cn	实验结果证明了该优化设计方法的有效性。
en-us	The proposed optimal design method is validated by experiments.

zh-cn	物联网(IoT)作为战略性新兴产业已经上升为国家发展重点，但在实际应用中也面临各种安全威胁。
en-us	As a strategic emerging industry, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become a national developmentfocus, but it also faces various security threats in practical applications.

zh-cn	确保资源受限物联网系统数据传输、处理和存储的安全已成为研究热点。
en-us	Ensuring the security of datatransmission, processing and storage of resource-constrained IoT systems has become a research hotspot.

zh-cn	该文通过对物理不可克隆函数(PUF)和传感器制备工艺偏差的研究，提出一种基于气敏传感器的高稳态物理不可克隆函数发生器设计方案。
en-us	In thispaper, a high steady-state Physical Unclonable Function(PUF) generator scheme is proposed by studying PUFand the deviation of the sensor preparation process.

zh-cn	该方案首先采用静电喷雾沉积(ESD)方式生成具有高比表面积特性的纳米材料，结合高温煅烧技术制备Pd-SnO2气敏传感器；
en-us	Firstly, the Electrostatic Spray Deposition (ESD) is used togenerate nanofibers with high specific surface area characteristics and high-temperature calcination technologyis combined to prepare Pd-SnO2 gas sensors.

zh-cn	其次采集Pd-SnO2气敏传感器在不同气体浓度、环境温度、加热电压条件下对甲醛气体的响应数据；
en-us	Secondly, the response data of gas sensors to formaldehyde gas iscollected under different gas concentration, ambient temperature and heating voltage conditions.

zh-cn	然后利用随机阻值多位平衡算法比较不同簇气敏传感器响应的阻值，进而产生多位高稳态PUF数据；
en-us	Then, arandom resistance multi-bit balance algorithm is used to compare the response data of different clusters of gassensors and then multiple high steady-state PUF data is generated.

zh-cn	最后对所设计PUF发生器的安全性和可靠性进行评估。
en-us	Finally, the safety and reliability of thedesigned PUF generator are evaluated.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该PUF发生器的随机性为97.03%、可靠性为97.85%、唯一性为49.04%，可广泛应用于物联网安全领域。
en-us	Experimental results show that the randomness of the PUF generator is97.03%, the reliability is 97.85%, and the uniqueness is 49.04%, which can be widely used in IoT security field.

zh-cn	为增强机器人的认知情感计算能力，依据PAD情感空间建立结合即时反馈和长期趋势的机器人认知情感生成方法，该文提出一种基于强化学习的机器人认知情感交互模型。
en-us	In order to enhance the cognitive emotional computing ability of robot, a cognitive emotionalinteraction model of robot based on reinforcement learning is proposed, which combines immediate feedbackand long-term trend according to PAD(Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance) emotional space.

zh-cn	首先，依据人际交往心理学理论，模拟人类情感生成过程进行类人情感生成，并从中提取相似性、积极性、共情性3个影响因素；
en-us	Firstly, according to thepsychology theory of interpersonal communication, the human emotion generation process is simulated togenerate human-like emotions, and the three influencing factors of similarity, positivity and empathy areextracted.

zh-cn	其次，利用强化学习的全局统筹特性，建立响应情感状态与上下文长期情感状态之间的关联关系，从而对机器人情感生成过程进行建模；
en-us	Secondly, the relationship between the response emotion+ state and the contexted long-term emotionstate is established by using the global co-ordination feature of reinforcement learning, so as to model the robotemotion generation process.

zh-cn	然后，将3个因素纳入模型奖励机制用于交互情感状态评估，实现模型更新并得到最优情感策略；
en-us	Then, three factors are incorporated into the model reward mechanism for theevaluate of the interactive emotion state, to update the model and get the optimal emotional strategy.

zh-cn	最后，利用所得最优情感策略对应的最优情感状态对机器人情感状态转移概率进行更新，并依据6种基本情感状态在空间中的情感值，将其映射到连续情感空间中得到机器人的最优响应情感值。
en-us	Finally,the optimal emotional state corresponding to the obtained optimal emotional strategy is used to update therobot's emotional state transition probability, and based on the sentiment values of the six basic emotionalstates in space, them are mapped to continuous emotional space to get the optimal response emotional value ofthe robot.

zh-cn	主客观对比实验表明，该文模型能有效增加机器人情感表达的细腻性、连续性、积极性以及共情性，还能有效降低机器人对外界情感刺激的依赖性，进一步提升和谐友好的人机交互关系。
en-us	Subjective and objective comparison experiments show that the model in this paper can effectivelyincrease the delicateness, continuity, positivity and empathy of the robot's emotional expression, and can effectively reduce the robot's dependence on external emotional stimuli, further improving the harmonious and friendlyhuman-computer interaction.

zh-cn	关节点行为识别由于其不易受外观影响、能更好地避免噪声影响等优点备受国内外学者的关注，但是目前该领域的系统归纳综述较少。
en-us	Action recognition using joints has attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroad because itis not easily affected by appearance and can better avoid the impact of noise. However, there are few systematicreviews in this field.

zh-cn	该文综述了基于深度学习的关节点行为识别方法，按照网络主体的不同将其划分为卷积神经网络(CNN)、循环神经网络(RNN)、图卷积网络和混合网络。
en-us	In this paper, the methods of action recognition using joints based on deep learning inrecent years are summarized. According to the different subjects of the network, it is divided into ConvolutionalNeural Network(CNN), Recurrent Neural Network(RNN), graph convolution network and hybrid network.

zh-cn	卷积神经网络、循环神经网络、图卷积网络分别擅长处理的关节点数据表示方式是伪图像、向量序列、拓扑图。
en-us	The representation of joint point data that convolution neural network, recurrent neural network and graph convolution network are good at is pseudo image, vector sequence and topological graph.

zh-cn	归纳总结了目前国内外常用的关节点行为识别数据集，探讨了关节点行为识别所面临的挑战以及未来研究方向，高精度前提下快速行为识别和实用化仍然需要继续推进。
en-us	This papersummarizes the current data sets of action recognition using joints at home and abroad, and discusses thechallenges and future research directions of behavior recognition using joints. Under the premise of highprecision, rapid action recognition and practicality still need to be further promoted.

zh-cn	亚阈值电路是低功耗重要发展方向之一。
en-us	Sub-threshold circuit is an important development direction of low power consumption.

zh-cn	随着电源电压降低，晶圆代工厂提供的标准单元电路性能容易受噪声和工艺偏差的影响，已经成为制约亚阈值芯片的瓶颈。
en-us	With thereduction of power supply voltage, the performance of standard cell circuits provided by foundries is susceptibleto noise and process deviations, which has become a bottleneck restricting sub-threshold chips.

zh-cn	该文提出一种基于施密特触发(ST)与反向窄宽度效应(INWE)的亚阈值标准单元设计方案。
en-us	The high-robustsub-threshold standard cells are proposed in this work.

zh-cn	该方案首先利用ST的迟滞效应与反馈机制，在电路堆叠结点处添加施密特反馈管以优化逻辑门、减少漏电流、增强鲁棒性；
en-us	The Schmitt Trigger (ST) and Inverse Narrow WidthEffect (INWE) are used to improve the performance, leakage, robust of the logic gates.

zh-cn	然后，采用INWE最小宽度尺寸与分指版图设计方法，提高电路的开关阈值与MOS管的驱动电流；
en-us	Then, the INWE minimum width size and finger layout methods are used to increase the switching threshold of the circuit and the drive current of transistor.

zh-cn	最后，在TSMC 65 nm工艺下构建标准单元的物理库、逻辑库和时序库，完成测试验证。
en-us	Finally, the standard cell library is designed and verified with TSMC 65 nmprocess.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，所设计的亚阈值标准单元与文献相比，功耗降低7.2%～15.6%，噪声容限提升11.5%～15.3%，ISCAS测试电路的平均功耗降低15.8%。
en-us	The experimental results show that the power of designed standard cells is reduced about 7.2%～15.6%,the noise margin is improved about 11.5%～15.3%, and the average power of ISCAS test circuit is reduced about 15.8%.

zh-cn	在无人艇(USV)的导航、避障等多种任务中，目标检测与跟踪都十分重要，但水面环境复杂，存在目标尺度变化、遮挡、光照变化以及摄像头抖动等诸多问题。
en-us	Object detection and tracking is essential in the navigation, obstacle avoidance and other tasks ofUnmanned Surface Vehicles (USV). However, the environment on the water is complex, and there are manyproblems such as object scale variation, occlusion, illumination variation and camera shaking, etc.

zh-cn	该文提出基于时空信息融合的无人艇水面视觉目标检测跟踪。
en-us	This paperproposes the visual object detection and tracking of USV based on spatial-temporal information fusion.

zh-cn	在空间上利用深度学习检测，提取单帧深度语义特征，在时间上利用相关滤波跟踪，计算帧间方向梯度特征相关性，
en-us	Deeplearning detection in space is used to extract single-frame depth semantic features and correlation filter trackingin time is used to calculate the correlation of oriented gradient feature between frames.

zh-cn	通过特征对比将时空信息进行融合，实现了持续稳定地对水面目标进行检测与跟踪，兼顾了实时性和鲁棒性。
en-us	Temporal and spatialinformation through feature comparison are combined to achieve continuous and stable object detection andtracking with strong robustness at real-time.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该算法平均检测速度和精度相对较高，在检测跟踪速度为15 fps情况下，检测跟踪精确度为0.83。
en-us	The experiments results demonstrate that the average detectionand tracking accuracy is 0.83 with the average running speed of 15 fps, which illustrates the accuracy isimproved and the speed is high.

zh-cn	忆阻器的低功耗、高响应、纳米级、非易失性等特性，在实现非冯·诺依曼计算架构中展现出巨大潜力。
en-us	Because of its low power consumption, high response, nanometer level, non-volatility and other characteristics, the memristor shows great development potential in the realization of non-von Neumann computing architecture.

zh-cn	基于忆阻器的高密度横梁阵列可实现数据存储及并行计算一体的逻辑电路和类脑计算电路。
en-us	The high-density cross-array structure based on memristors can build logic circuits andbrain-like computing circuits integrating data storage and parallel computing.

zh-cn	此外，纳米传感器与忆阻器进一步集成，采集的信号直接送往忆阻器阵列进行运算和存储，感知、存储与计算一体化的芯片技术成为新的研究热点。
en-us	In addition, the nanosensor andthe memristor are further integrated, and the collected signals are calculated and stored in the memristor array.The chip technology integrating sensing, storage and computing become a new research focus.

zh-cn	该文对基于忆阻器的存算一体技术、感存算一体技术的研究现状进行综述，并给出研究前景展望。
en-us	The research on the memristor-based storage-calculation integrated technology and sense-storage-calculated integrated technology are reviewed in this summary paper, and outding prospect of the research prospects are given.

zh-cn	考虑网络全局信息难以获悉的实际情况，针对接入网切片场景下用户终端(UE)的移动性和数据包到达的动态性导致的资源分配优化问题，该文提出了一种基于异步优势演员-评论家(A3C)学习的服务功能链(SFC)资源分配算法。
en-us	Considering the fact that global network information is hard to obtain, and the slice resourceallocation optimization problem caused by mobility of User Equipment (UE) and dynamics of packet arrival inthe radio access network slice, a Service Function Chain(SFC)resource allocation algorithm based onAsynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic (A3C) learning is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，该算法建立基于区块链的资源管理机制，通过区块链技术实现可信地共享并更新网络全局信息，监督并记录SFC资源分配过程。
en-us	Firstly, a resource management mechanismbased on blockchain technology is established, which can credibly share and update the global networkinformation, also supervise and record SFC resource allocation process.

zh-cn	然后，建立UE移动和数据包到达时变情况下的无线资源、计算资源和带宽资源联合分配的时延最小化模型，并进一步将其转化为马尔科夫决策过程(MDP)。
en-us	Then, a delay minimization model basedon joint allocation of radio resources, computing resources and bandwidth resources is built under thecircumstance of UE moving and time-varying packet arrival, and further transformed into an Markov DecisionProcess(MDP) problem.

zh-cn	最后，在所建立的MDP中采用A3C学习方法，实现资源分配策略的求解。
en-us	At last, A3C learning method is adopted to obtain the resource allocation optimizationstrategy in this MDP.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该算法能够更加合理高效地利用资源，优化系统时延并保证UE需求。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm could utilize resources moreefficiently to optimize the system delay while guarantee the requirement of each UE.

zh-cn	忆阻器作为一种新型电子元件，具有尺寸小、读写速度快、非易失性和易于与CMOS电路兼容等特性，是实现非易失性存储器最具发展前景的技术之一。
en-us	As a new type of electronic component, memristor has the characteristics of small size, fast readingand writing speed, non-volatile and easy to be compatible with CMOS circuits. It is one of the most promising technologies to realize non-volatile memory.

zh-cn	但是已有的多值存储交叉阵列存在电路结构复杂、漏电流和存储密度低等问题，影响了多值存储交叉阵列的实用性。
en-us	However, the existing multi-value storage cross array has problemssuch as complex circuit structure, sneak path problem and low storage density, which affect the practicability ofthe multi-value storage cross array.

zh-cn	该文提出一种基于异构忆阻器的多值存储交叉阵列，其中存储单元由1个MOS管和两个具有不同阈值电压和Ron阻值的异构忆阻器构成(1T2M)，可实现单个电压信号完成4值读写的操作，减少电流通路的同时简化了电路结构。
en-us	In this paper, a multi-value memory crossbar array based on heterogeneousmemristors is proposed, in which the memory cell is composed of one Transistor and two heterogeneousMemristors (1T2M) with different threshold voltages and Ron resistance values. A single voltage signalcompletes the four-value read and write operation, which reduces the current path and simplifies the circuitstructure.

zh-cn	通过PSpice进行仿真验证，表明所提出的1T2M多值存储器交叉阵列与已有工作相比，电路结构更简单，读写速度更快，并较好地克服了漏电流问题。
en-us	Simulation verification by PSpice shows that compared with existing work, the proposed 1T2Mmulti-value memory crossbar array has simpler circuit structure, higher storage density, faster reading andwriting speed, and overcomes better the leakage current problem.

zh-cn	逃逸布线是印刷电路板设计的一个重要组成部分。
en-us	Escape routing is an important part of the integrated circuit physical design.

zh-cn	针对并行逃逸布线的方法用于较大规模电路板布线时速度慢且结果不够好的问题，该文提出一种结合改进A*算法与拆线重布的有序逃逸布线方法。
en-us	In order to solve theproblem of slow parallel escape routing with unsatisfactory outcomes, an algorithm of ordered escape routing,combining the improved A* algorithm with the rip-up and reroute method is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，通过代价预估函数确定引脚的布线顺序，使用改进A*算法初始化有序逃逸布线。
en-us	Firstly, the routingsequence of pins is determined by the cost estimation function and the improved A* algorithm is used toinitialize the ordered escape routing.

zh-cn	接着，优化同长度布线路径，调整拥挤区域布线路径。
en-us	Secondly, the routing paths of the same length are optimized and therouting paths of the crowded areas are adjusted.

zh-cn	最后，使用A*算法和广度优先搜索进行拆线重布。
en-us	Finally, A* algorithm and breadth-first search are employed torip-up and reroute.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该方法对给出的所有测试用例都实现了100%的逃逸，得到有序逃逸路径的可行解非常接近最优解，
en-us	The experimental results shows that this method achieved 100% escape routing for all giventest cases, and that the feasible solution of the ordered escape paths is, to a great extent, close to the optimalsolution.

zh-cn	CPU时间比布尔可满足性问题(SAT)算法与最小费用多商品流(MMCF)算法平均减少分别约为95.6%, 97.8%，总体线长也接近最优。
en-us	Compared to the Boolean Satisfiability Problem (SAT) algorithm and MMCF algorithm, thisalgorithm reduces CPU time by 95.6% and 97.8%, respectively, and makes the overall line length shorter.

zh-cn	提出的方法能够明显减少寻找可行解的时间，提高布线质量。
en-us	It is evident that the proposed method reduces the time required to find the feasible solution and optimize wire routing.

zh-cn	该文介绍了一种工作于毫米波频段的宽中频(IF)下变频器。
en-us	A wide-Intermediate-Frequency (IF) down-conversion mixer operating in millimeter-wave band isproposed.

zh-cn	该下变频器基于无源双平衡的设计架构，片上集成了射频(RF)和本振(LO)巴伦。
en-us	The mixer is designed based on a passive double-balanced structure integrating Radio-Frequency(RF) and Local-Oscillator (LO) baluns.

zh-cn	为了优化无源下变频器的增益、带宽和隔离度性能，电路设计中引入了栅极感性化技术。
en-us	To optimize the performances in terms of the Conversion Gain (CG),bandwidth and isolations of the mixer, the gate-inductive technique is employed.

zh-cn	测试结果表明，该下变频器的中频带宽覆盖0.5～12 GHz。
en-us	The measured results showthat the mixer features a wide IF bandwidth from 0.5 to 12 GHz.

zh-cn	在频率为30 GHz、幅度为4 dBm的LO信号驱动下，电路的变频增益为–8.5～–5.5 dB。
en-us	A measured CG of –8.5～–5.5 dB is achievedwithin such a wide IF band at a LO power (PLO) of 4 dBm and a LO frequency (fLO) of 30 GHz.

zh-cn	当固定IF为0.5 GHz、LO幅度为4 dBm时，变频增益随25～45 GHz的RF信号在–7.9～–5.9 dB范围内变化，波动幅度为2 dB。
en-us	The proposed mixer also achieves a CG with a ripple of 2 dB from –7.9 to –5.9 dB in a wide RF band (fRF) from 25 to 45GHz at a PLO of 4 dBm and a fixed IF frequency (fIF) of 0.5 GHz.

zh-cn	LO-IF, LO-RF, RF-IF的隔离度测试结果分别优于42, 50, 43 dB。
en-us	The measured LO-to-IF, LO-to-RF and RF-to-IF isolations are better than 42, 50 and 43 dB, respectively.

zh-cn	该下变频器芯片采用TSMC 90 nm CMOS工艺设计，芯片面积为0.4 mm2。
en-us	The chip is fabricated in TSMC 90 nm CMOSprocess with an area of 0.4 mm2.

zh-cn	针对部分传输序列(PTS)算法在交错正交幅度调制的滤波器组多载波(FBMC-OQAM)系统中受符号重叠的影响，造成峰值再生，从而导致系统峰值功率比(PAPR)较高、计算复杂度较大等问题，该文提出一种基于双层优化的PTS算法(DO-PTS)。
en-us	The Partial Transmission Sequences (PTS) algorithm is affected by symbol overlap in the FilterBank MultiCarrier with Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (FBMC-OQAM), resulting in peak valueregeneration, which leads to high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) and computational complexity.

zh-cn	该算法对信号数据块进行两层相位因子搜索以获得更好的PAPR抑制性能，
en-us	In this paper, a PTS algorithm based on Double Optimization (DO-PTS) is proposed, which searches two-layer phase factor for signal data blocks to obtain better PAPR suppression performance.

zh-cn	第1层充分考虑重叠特性，结合前面重叠数据块进行初步优化，
en-us	The first layer takes full account of the overlap characteristics and combines the previous overlapping data blocks for initial optimization.

zh-cn	第2层对数据块进行分组，在每组选择对峰值影响最大的数据块进行优化，来减少进行相位因子搜索的数据块数量，并且在第1层优化中缩小相位因子的搜索范围，以降低系统的计算复杂度。
en-us	The second layer groups the signals, and in each group, the data blocks that have the greatest impact on the peak value are optimized to reduce the number of data blocks for phase factor search. The search range of phasefactor is reduced in the first layer optimization to reduce the calculation complexity.

zh-cn	通过对计算复杂度和仿真结果的分析表明，同其它主流PTS优化算法相比，所提算法不仅能取得很好的 PAPR抑制性能，还具有较低的计算复杂度，同时也保证了系统的传输数据率。
en-us	Through the analysis of computational complexity and simulation results, it is shown that compared with other mainstream PTS optimization methods, this algorithm can not only offer good PAPR reduction performance, but also have low computational complexity, and also ensure the transmission data rate of the system.

zh-cn	轻量级神经网络部署在低功耗平台上的解决方案可有效用于无人机(UAV)检测、自动驾驶等人工智能(AI)、物联网(IOT)领域，
en-us	Lightweight neural networks deployed on low-power platforms have proven to be effective solutionsfor Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet Of Things (IOT) domains such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)detection and unmanned driving.

zh-cn	但在资源有限情况下，同时兼顾高精度和低延时来构建深度神经网络(DNN)加速器是非常有挑战性的。
en-us	However, in the case of limited resources, it is very challenging to build DeepNeural Networks (DNN) accelerator with both high precision and low delay.

zh-cn	该文针对此问题提出一系列高效的硬件优化策略，包括构建可堆叠共享计算引擎(PE)以平衡不同卷积中数据重用和内存访问模式的不一致；
en-us	In this paper, a series of efficienthardware optimization strategies are proposed, including stackable shared Processing Engine (PE) to balancethe inconsistency of data reuse and memory access patterns in different convolutions;

zh-cn	提出了可调的循环次数和通道增强方法，有效扩展加速器与外部存储器之间的访问带宽，提高DNN浅层网络计算效率；
en-us	Regulable loop parallelismand channel augmentation are proposed to increase effectively the access bandwidth between accelerator andexternal memory.

zh-cn	优化了预加载工作流，从整体上提高了异构系统的并行度。
en-us	It also improve the efficiency of DNN shallow layers computing; Pre-Workflow is applied toimprove the overall parallelism of heterogeneous systems.

zh-cn	经Xilinx Ultra96 V2板卡验证，该文的硬件优化策略有效地改进了iSmart3-SkyNet和SkrSkr-SkyNet类的DNN加速芯片设计。
en-us	Verified by Xilinx Ultra96 V2 board, the hardwareoptimization strategies in this paper improve effectively the design of DNN acceleration chips like iSmart3-SkyNet and SkrSkr-SkyNet.

zh-cn	结果显示，优化后的加速器每秒处理78.576帧图像，每幅图像的功耗为0.068 J。
en-us	The results show that the optimized accelerator processes 78.576 frames persecond, and the power consumption of each picture is 0.068 Joules.

zh-cn	该文提出一种基于套球壳型电场探头的非接触式交流验电装置。
en-us	A novel non-contact AC voltage detector based on the electric field probe of concentric double-layerspherical shell structure is presented.

zh-cn	套球壳型结构类似差分结构，可消除共模干扰噪声的影响。
en-us	The concentric double-layer spherical shell structure is similar to the differential structure, which can eliminate the influence of common mode interference noise.

zh-cn	建立套球壳型结构的电场分布理论模型，得到外球壳表面的感应电荷密度和电场探头的灵敏度表达式。
en-us	The theoretical model of the electric field distribution of the double-layer spherical shell structure is established, and the induced charge density of the outer spherical shell surface is analyzed. Then the sensitivity expression of the electric field probe is obtained.

zh-cn	提出电场探头的等效电路模型，并设计了接口电路，最终成功研制出非接触式交流验电装置样机。
en-us	Furthermore, the equivalent circuit model of the electric field probe is proposedand the interface circuit is designed.

zh-cn	测试结果表明：已研制样机的电压输出与施加电场之间有良好的线性关系，线性度达到0.66%，并且测试结果与计算结果有较好的一致性；
en-us	Finally, a prototype of the not-contact AC voltage detector is successfullydeveloped. The test results show that there is a good linear relationship between the output of the prototype and the applied electric field, with a linearity of 0.66%, and the test results are in good agreement with the calculated results.

zh-cn	当样机在0～45°范围内转动时，其输出的电压值仅降低了4.0%，说明验电装置的小角度旋转基本上不影响验电的准确性；
en-us	Additionally, when the prototype rotates within the range of 0～45°, the output voltage isonly reduced by a maximum of 4.0%, which indicates that the small angle rotation of the AC voltage detectordoes not affect the accuracy of electricity testing.

zh-cn	越接近输电线路，样机输出的电压值的增大速度越快，阈值易于识别，说明越容易验电。
en-us	Besides, the closer to the transmission line, the faster theoutput voltage of the prototype increases, and the threshold is easy to identify, suggesting that it is easier toverify the electricity.

zh-cn	该文提出一种新型小尺寸、低剖面、“f”字型波导缝隙圆极化器，高度仅1/6波长，宽度约2/5波长。
en-us	A novel f-letter waveguide slot with small size and low-profile is presented in this paper. The heightof the circular polarizer is only λ0/6, and the width is about 2λ0/5.

zh-cn	基于该圆极化器，设计了一种高效率、低剖面、圆极化脊波导缝隙线阵天线。
en-us	Based on the new circular polarizer, a circularly polarized ridge-waveguide slot linear array antenna with lower-profile and high aperture efficiency is designed.

zh-cn	为满足空间应用中对轻质、高效率、圆极化、±60°宽角扫描相控阵天线的需求，采用该线阵天线作为阵元设计、仿真并实现了16阵元Ka频段脊波导缝隙相控阵天线。
en-us	Using the linear array as the antenna cell, a 16-cells Ka-band circularly polarized wide-scan ridge-waveguide slot phased-array antenna with high efficiency and lightweight is designed, simulated and fabricatedto achieve ±60° wide-scan for the space application.

zh-cn	仿真和实测结果表明，该相控阵天线可实现1维±60°宽角扫描。
en-us	The simulated and measured results show that the phased-array antenna can achieve one-dimensional wide-angle beam-scanning with ±60° scan range.

zh-cn	在扫描角范围内，相控阵天线的轴比小于4.1 dB，增益下降小于4.3 dB。
en-us	Across the scancoverage, the axial ratio is less than 4.1 dB and the gain variation is less than 4.3 dB.

zh-cn	在0°扫描角工作时，天线的实测增益为35.9 dBi，辐射效率接近85%。
en-us	The measured antennagain is higher than 35.9 dBi in the 0° scan-angle, and the corresponding efficiency near 85% are obtained.

zh-cn	高超音速技术是未来空间飞行器的发展趋势，同时对通信平台在超高动态、低信噪比环境下的快速捕获能力也提出了新的挑战。
en-us	Hypersonic technology is the development trend of space vehicles in the future. It also poses newchallenges for the fast acquire capability of communication platforms in ultra-high dynamic and low signal-to-noise ratio environments.

zh-cn	针对经典捕获算法受频偏影响的局限性，该文提出一种基于信号多样本点串行快速傅里叶变换的信号捕获算法(MS-FFT)，
en-us	To overcome the limitation of the classic acquisition algorithm affected by frequency offset, a signal acquisition algorithm based on Multi-sample Serial Fast Fourier Transform (MS-FFT) is proposed.

zh-cn	所提算法通过串行执行多个样本点的FFT，采用非相干合并后的峰值搜索得到捕获结果，在不增加复杂度的条件下，避免了频偏对捕获性能的影响。
en-us	The proposed algorithm serially executes the FFT of multiple samples and runs the peak searchingafter non-coherent combining to obtain the acquire result. Without increasing the complexity, the influence offrequency offset on the acquisition performance is avoided.

zh-cn	通过对峰值信噪比(PSNR)理论公式的推导，证明了MS-FFT的频偏适应范围取决于采样率，随着数模转换器件采样能力的不断提升，具有比经典算法更大的频偏适应范围。
en-us	By deriving the theoretical formula of the PeakSignal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), it is proved that the frequency offset adaptation range of MS-FFT depends onthe sampling rate and can be larger than the classical algorithm with the continuous improvement of thesampling capability of digital-analog conversion devices.

zh-cn	最后，通过仿真验证了上述理论推导的正确性，证明了所提算法更加适合超高动态环境的应用场景。
en-us	Finally, the correctness of the above theoreticalderivation is verified by simulation, and it is proved that the proposed algorithm is more suitable for theapplication scenarios of ultra-high dynamic environment.

zh-cn	随着数据密集型应用的日益增多，内存墙问题已成为制约计算效率的瓶颈。
en-us	With the growing abundance of data-intensive applications, memory wall has become a bottleneck to computing efficiency.

zh-cn	该文提出一种新型的浮点数(FP)运算结构，该结构嵌入了基于铁电场效应晶体管(FeFET)的三元内容寻址存储器(TCAM)以实现高效的计算。
en-us	A novel Floating Point (FP) computing infrastructure that embeds Ferroelectric FieldEffect Transistor (FeFET) based Ternary Content Addressable Memories (TCAMs) for energy efficient computing is proposed.

zh-cn	通过特定规则设计的超高密度TCAM结构，可以用能效更高的TCAM搜索操作代替部分传统浮点运算，从而节约整体能耗。
en-us	With an ultra-dense TCAM implementation following the designed guidelines, theinfrastructure can replace unnecessary Float Point Unit (FPU) executions with more efficient TCAM searching,thereby saving the overall energy consumption.

zh-cn	仿真实验证明，该文所提结构和运算执行流程，与常规浮点运算单元(FPU)相比，可以降低多达33%的能耗。
en-us	Thanks to the proposed execution flow, the infrastructure canachieve up to 33% energy saving compared to regular FPUs.

zh-cn	跨技术通信迅猛发展推动着单一网络向异构无线网络的转变，该转变极大地提高异构无线设备(如Wi-Fi和ZigBee)的高效共存和协作，但也给异构无线网络中的数据分发问题带来了挑战。
en-us	The rapid development of cross technology communication promotes the transformation from singlenetwork to heterogeneous wireless network, which greatly improves the efficient coexistence and collaboration ofheterogeneous wireless devices, but also brings challenges to data distribution in heterogeneous wirelessnetworks.

zh-cn	由于异构网络节点通信范围差异和低占空比节点周期性睡眠的特点，传统数据分发方法不能高效地利用信道资源而导致较低的分发效率。
en-us	Traditional data distribution schemes are limited by the communication range of a single node andconflict between different network devices, resulting in continuous decline in the efficiency of data distribution.At the same time, they are not suitable for the unique network model of heterogeneous networks.

zh-cn	为了解决这些问题，该文提出一种适用于异构网络的并行数据分发方法。
en-us	In order to solve these problems, a data distribution method based on multi protocol parallel data transmission in heterogeneous wireless networks is proposed.

zh-cn	通过数据分发时延和能耗定义新的系统损失函数，并证明了损失函数的合理性，利用信标控制的延迟接收数据包的分发策略，从而实现对周期性睡眠的ZigBee网络进行高效数据分发。
en-us	The key idea is to use the Parallel Multi-protocol Communication(PMC) node as the transmitting node of the ZigBee network, and define a new system COST function tomeasure the delay and energy penalty of the system. Through adaptive adjustment of the trade-off coefficientin the function, it can depict the data transmission of various requirements. Based on the system COSTfunction, the paper propose a distribution strategy of delayed receiving packets using beacon control that allowsZigBee to choose the appropriate timing to receive data in a heterogeneous network.

zh-cn	进一步地，该文根据动态规划的思想，推导出系统的整体能量损耗和时延的最优值。
en-us	Furthermore, the paperproves the rationality of the COST function, and then derives the optimal values of the overall energy penaltyand time delay of the system based on the idea of dynamic programming.

zh-cn	通过仿真实验证明，在考虑时延和能量损耗的前提下，该文的数据分发方法的性能优于传统的数据分发方法。
en-us	Comprehensive evaluation shows that considering the two design requirements of time delay and energy penalty, the performance of this method is better than traditional data distribution methods.

zh-cn	为解决密码算法在粗粒度可重构密码逻辑阵列(CRCLA)上映射性能不高及编译时间长的问题，该文提出一种密码算法和硬件资源的描述形式，在映射过程中能够更加直观地显示各个资源的占用情况；
en-us	In order to solve the problem of low mapping performance and long compilation time of cipheralgorithms on Coarse-grained Reconfigurable Cipher Logic Arrays (CRCLA), a description of cryptographicalgorithms and hardware resources is proposed, which can display the occupancy of each resource moreintuitively during the mapping process.

zh-cn	并通过分析密码算法运算特征与粗粒度可重构密码逻辑阵列硬件结构的内在关联，以减少关键路径延时为目标，提出了一种以边为中心的密码逻辑阵列高能效映射算法(ECLMap)。
en-us	Then by analyzing the inherent relationship between the cryptographicalgorithm operation characteristics and the coarse-grained reconfigurable cipher logic array hardware structure,with the goal of reducing the critical path delay, an Edge - centric Cipher Logical array Mapping (ECLMap)algorithm is proposed.

zh-cn	通过边映射来指导节点映射，结合相关映射策略，引入回溯机制来提高映射成功率。
en-us	Using edge mappings to guide the mapping of nodes, combined with relevant mappingstrategy, the backtracking mechanism is introduced to improve the success rate of mapping.

zh-cn	在仿真平台下对多种密码算法进行实验，相比于其他通用的映射算法，结果表明该文提出的算法映射性能最佳，在算法能效上平均提升了约20%，同时在编译时间上平均提升了约25%。
en-us	Compared with other common mapping algorithms, the results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper has the best mapping performance, with an average increase of about 20% in the algorithm energy efficiency and about 25%in the compilation time.

zh-cn	实现了算法的高能效映射。
en-us	The high-efficiency mapping of the algorithm is realized.

zh-cn	针对异构云无线接入网络的频谱效率和能效问题，该文提出一种基于功率域-非正交多址接入(PD-NOMA)的能效优化算法。
en-us	In view of the spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency of Heterogeneous Cloud Radio AccessNetworks (H-CRAN), an energy efficiency optimization algorithm based on Power Domain Non-OrthogonalMultiple Access (PD-NOMA) is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，该算法以队列稳定和前传链路容量为约束，联合优化用户关联、功率分配和资源块分配，并建立网络能效和用户公平的联合优化模型；
en-us	First, the algorithm takes queue stability and forward link capacityas constraints, jointly optimizes user association, power allocation and resource block allocation, and itestablishes a joint optimization model of network energy efficiency and user fairness.

zh-cn	其次，由于系统的状态空间和动作空间都是高维且具有连续性，研究问题为连续域的NP-hard问题，进而引入置信域策略优化(TRPO)算法，高效地解决连续域问题；
en-us	Secondly, because thestate space and action space of the system are both high-dimensional and continuity, the research problem isthe NP-hard problem of the continuous domain, and then Trust Region Policy Optimization (TRPO) algorithmis introduced to solve efficiently the continuous domain issue.

zh-cn	最后，针对TRPO算法的标准解法产生的计算量较为庞大，采用近端策略优化(PPO)算法进行优化求解，PPO算法既保证了TRPO算法的可靠性，又有效地降低TRPO的计算复杂度。
en-us	Finally, the amount of calculations generated bythe standard solution for the TRPO algorithm is too large, and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithmis used to optimize the solution. The PPO algorithm not only ensures the reliability of the TRPO algorithm,but also reduces effectively the TRPO calculation complexity.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该文所提算法在保证用户公平性约束下，进一步提高了网络能效性能。
en-us	Simulation results show that the algorithmproposed in this paper improves further the energy efficiency performance of the network under the constraintof ensuring user fairness.

zh-cn	重复累积(RA)码是一种特殊结构的低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码，不仅具有LDPC码的优点，还能实现差分编码。
en-us	Repeat Accumulate (RA) code is a special kind of Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) code, whichnot only has the advantages of LDPC code, but also realizes differential encoding.

zh-cn	针对LDPC编码协作系统编码复杂度高、时延长的问题，该文引入准循环RA(QC-RA)码，
en-us	To solve the problems ofhigh encoding complexity and long encoding delay of LDPC-coded cooperative system, Quasi-Cyclic RA (QC-RA) code is introduced.

zh-cn	推导出信源节点和中继节点采用的QC-RA码对应的联合校验矩阵，基于公差构造方法设计该联合校验矩阵，并证明该方法设计的联合校验矩阵不存在围长为girth-4, girth-6的短环。
en-us	Firstly, a joint parity check matrix corresponding to the QC-RA codes adopted by thesources and relays is deduced; Secondly, the joint check matrix is designed based on the Common DifferenceConstruction (CDC) method, and it is proved that the joint check matrix designed by the CDC method doesnot have short cycles with girth-4 or girth-6.

zh-cn	理论分析和仿真结果表明，同等条件下该系统比相应点对点系统具有更优异的误码率性能。
en-us	Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the system achieves better Bit Error Rate (BER) performance than the corresponding point-to-point system under the same conditions.

zh-cn	仿真结果同时表明，与采用一般构造QC-RA码或基于Z型构造QC-RA码相比，采用基于公差构造的联合设计QC-RA码的多信源多中继协作均可获得更高的编码增益。
en-us	The simulation results also demonstrate that the multi-source multi-relay coded cooperationwith CDC constructed QC-RA code can obtain higher coding gain than that with generally constructed QC-RAcode or Z-type constructed QC-RA code.

zh-cn	为了提高肺结节恶性度分级的计算精度及可解释性，该文提出一种基于CT征象量化分析的肺结节恶性度分级方法。
en-us	In order to improve the accuracy and interpretability of the grading of malignant nodules in the lung,a method is proposed to achieve grading automatically for lung nodules by using (Computed Tomography, CT)signs.

zh-cn	首先，融合影像组学特征和通过卷积神经网络提取的高阶特征构造分析CT征象所需的特征集;
en-us	Firstly, features sets are extracted of CT signs by combing the radiomics features with the higher-orderfeatures extracted by convolutional neural network.

zh-cn	接着，在混合特征集的基础上利用进化搜索机制优化集成学习分类器，实现对7种肺结节征象的识别和量化打分;
en-us	Then, the ensemble classifier is optimized by the evolutionarysearch mechanism based on the mixed feature sets, and it is used to realize quantitative scores for 7 CT signs.

zh-cn	最后，将7种CT征象的量化打分输入到一个利用差分进化算法优化产生的多分类器，实现肺结节恶性度的分级计算。
en-us	Finally, 7 quantitative scores are input to the optimized multi-classifier to achieve the grading of malignant nodules in the lung.

zh-cn	在实验研究中使用LIDC-IDRI数据集中的2000个肺结节样本进行进化集成学习器和恶性度分级器的训练和测试。
en-us	In the experience, 2000 samples of lung nodules in LIDC-IDRI data set are used to trainand test the proposed method.

zh-cn	实验结果显示对7种CT征象的识别准确率可达0.9642以上，肺结节恶性度分级的准确率为0.8618，精确率为0.8678，召回率为0.8617，F1指标为0.8627。
en-us	The results show that the recognition accuracy of the 7 CT signs can reach morethan 0.9642, the grading accuracy reaches 0.8618, the precision reaches 0.8678, the recall reaches 0.8617, andthe F1 index reaches 0.8627.

zh-cn	与多个典型算法的比较显示，该文方法不但具有较高的准确率，而且可对相关CT征象进行量化分析，使得对恶性度的分级结果更具可解释性。
en-us	With respect to typical algorithms, the proposed method not only has highaccuracy, but also can quantitatively analyze the CT signs that make the grade result of malignancy more interpretive.

zh-cn	针对频谱短缺、基站负荷过高、通信系统功耗较大等问题，考虑不完美的信道状态信息，该文提出一种基于非正交多址接入的无线携能(SWIPT)D2D网络鲁棒能效(EE)最大化资源分配算法(SREA)。
en-us	In order to resolve the problems of spectrum shortage, large power consumption, and excessive loadat base stations, a Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT)-based Robust EnergyEfficiency (EE) Algorithm (SREA) with imperfect channel state information is proposed to maximize the totalEE in Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) assisted Device-to-Device (D2D) networks.

zh-cn	考虑用户的服务质量约束以及最大发射功率约束，基于随机信道不确定性建立鲁棒能效最大化资源分配模型。
en-us	Considering theusers' Quality of Service (QoS) constraints and maximum transmit power constraints, a robust EEmaximization-based resource allocation model is established based on random channel uncertainties.

zh-cn	利用Dinkelbach和变量替换方法，将原NP-hard问题转换为确定性的凸优化问题，通过拉格朗日对偶理论求得解析解。
en-us	Moreover,the original NP-hard problem is transformed into a deterministic convex optimization problem by usingDinkelbach’s method and the variable substitution method. And the analytical solutions are obtained through Lagrange dual theory.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提算法在保证蜂窝用户通信质量的同时，能够有效提高D2D用户的能效性和鲁棒性能。
en-us	Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve thesystem EE and the robustness of D2D users while ensuring the communication quality of cellular users.

zh-cn	在基于到达相位差(Phase Differences Of Arrival, PDOA)的着靶点参数估计问题中，估计精度受到阵列结构的影响。
en-us	Different sensor placements have a great influence on the accuracy in Phase Differences Of Arrival(PDOA)-based hit position estimation.

zh-cn	与一般的单点目标定位问题相比，着靶点参数估计需要同时估计目标的速度和角度参数，情况更加复杂。
en-us	Compared with single time target localization, estimation of hit positionis more complex because of additionally considering speed and its direction.

zh-cn	为了选择合适的阵列结构以对定位结果带来有利影响，该文从灵敏度的角度分析了不同阵列结构下靶点参数估计精度各有差异的原因，为判断不同情况下接收阵列定位性能的优劣提供了理论方法。
en-us	In order to choose an adequatesensor geometry for source localization, a method of evaluating the performance of sensor placement bysensitivity analysis is proposed, which provides a theoretical foundation for analyzing the accuracy of hitposition estimation.

zh-cn	最后，对3种常见阵列结构进行了计算机仿真对比，仿真结果验证了利用灵敏度指标对阵列布放结构进行评估的可行性。
en-us	Then the sensitivities of three typical sensor geometries are analyzed and Cramer-RaoLower Bound is compared to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method using computer simulations.

zh-cn	针对空中目标的探测与跟踪的问题，该文探讨了地基综合孔径空中目标微波辐射无源探测理论及其技术的可行性。
en-us	In view of the detection and tracking of aerial targets, the theory of the aerial targets detected by ground-based synthetic aperture microwave measurement technology and the feasibility are discussed.

zh-cn	概述了地基综合孔径空中目标微波辐射无源探测原理；
en-us	The detection principle of aerial targets by ground-based synthetic aperture microwave is outlined.

zh-cn	建立了空中目标探测概率方程，并从探测概率的角度详细分析了系统探测性能与相关影响因素的关系，
en-us	The target detection probability is estimated, and the relationship between the systematic performance and related factors is analyzed in terms of the detection probability.

zh-cn	同时分析了地基综合孔径空中目标微波辐射无源探测技术的可行性；
en-us	Meanwhile, the feasibility of the aerial targets detected byground-based synthetic aperture microwave measurement technology is analyzed.

zh-cn	并开展了地基综合孔径微波辐射计的空中目标无源探测技术的验证实验。
en-us	The experiments are performed that aerial targets are detected by a ground-based synthetic aperture microwave radiometer.

zh-cn	理论和实验均表明地基综合孔径空中目标微波辐射无源探测技术是可行性的。
en-us	Both theoretical and experimental results show that aerial targets are detected by a ground-based synthetic aperture microwave radiometer is feasibility

zh-cn	针对当前基于流形排序的显著性检测算法缺乏子空间信息的挖掘和节点间传播不准确的问题，该文提出一种基于低秩背景约束与多线索传播的图像显著性检测算法。
en-us	Considering the lack of subspace information digging and inaccurate propagation between nodes inexisting saliency detection algorithm based on manifold ranking, an image saliency detection algorithm based onbackground constraint of low rank and multi-cue propagation is proposed.

zh-cn	融合颜色、位置和边界连通度等初级视觉先验形成背景高级先验，约束图像特征矩阵的分解，强化低秩矩阵与稀疏矩阵的差异，充分描述子空间结构信息，从而有效地将前景与背景分离；
en-us	Primary visual priors such as color,location and boundary connectivity prior are fused to form a background high-level prior, which restrains thelow rank decomposition of feature matrix and strengths the difference between low rank matrix and sparesmatrix, describes structural information of subspace fully to separate foreground and background efficiently.

zh-cn	引入稀疏感知和局部平滑等线索改进传播矩阵的构建，增强颜色特征出现概率低的节点的传播能力，加强局部区域内节点的关联性，准确凸显节点的属性，得到紧密且连续的显著区域。
en-us	Cues of rareness perception and local smoothing are introduced for improving the reconstruction of propagationmatrix, which improves the node’s propagation capacity that has low probability of color feature occurrence,enhances the relevance of local region, strengthens the properties of nodes accurately to obtain the compact andcontinuous salient regions.

zh-cn	在3个基准数据集上的实验结果与图像检索领域的应用证明了该文算法的有效性和鲁棒性。
en-us	The experimental results on three benchmark datasets and the application to imageretrieval demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed algorithm.

zh-cn	针对单一尺度卷积神经网络(CNN)对船舶图像分类的局限性，该文提出一种多尺度CNN自适应熵加权决策融合方法用于船舶图像分类。
en-us	Considering the limitation of single scale Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for ship imageclassification, a self-adaptive entropy weighted decision fusion method for ship image classification based onmulti-scale CNN is proposed.

zh-cn	首先使用多尺度CNN提取不同尺寸的船舶图像的多尺度特征，并训练得到不同子网络的最优模型；
en-us	Firstly, the multi-scale CNN is used to extract the multi-scale features of shipimage with different sizes, and the optimum models of different sub-networks are trained.

zh-cn	接着利用测试集船舶图像在最优模型上测试，得到多尺度CNN的Softmax函数输出的概率值，并计算得到信息熵，进而实现对不同输入船舶图像赋予自适应的融合权重；
en-us	Then, the ship imagesof test set are tested on the optimum models, and the probability value that is output by Softmax function ofmulti-scale CNN is obtained, which is used to calculate the information entropy so as to realize the adaptiveweight assigned to different input ship images.

zh-cn	最后对不同子网络的Softmax函数输出概率值进行自适应熵加权决策融合实现船舶图像的最终分类。
en-us	Finally, self-adaptive entropy weighted decision fusion is carriedout for the probability value that is output by Softmax function of different sub-networks to realize the finalship image classification.

zh-cn	在VAIS数据集和自建数据集上分别进行了实验，提出的方法的分类准确率分别达到了95.07%和97.50%。
en-us	Experiments perform on VAIS (Visible And Infrared Spectrums) and self-builtdatasets respectively, and the proposed method achieves average accuracy of 95.07% and 97.50% on thesedatasets respectively.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，与单一尺度CNN分类方法以及其他较新方法相比，所提方法具有更优的分类性能。
en-us	The experimental results show that the proposed method has better classificationperformance than those of the single scale CNN classification method and other state-of-the-art methods.

zh-cn	针对遥感图像飞机目标检测因目标尺度不一存在漏警、虚警等问题，该文基于遥感图像中飞机目标形状特征和灰度变化特点提出了一种多尺度圆周频率滤波(MSCFF)与卷积神经网络(CNN)相结合的MSCFF+CNN飞机目标自动检测算法。
en-us	In view of the problems of missed alarm and false alarm caused by the different scales of aircrafts inaircraft target detection tasks for remote sensing images, a Multi-Scale Cirale Frequency Filter (MSCFF) andConvolutional Neural Network (CNN) aircraft target automatic detection algorithm is proposed based on theshape characteristics and gray-scale changes of aircraft targets.

zh-cn	该算法首先采用多尺度圆周频率滤波器滤除遥感图像复杂背景，实现不同尺度飞机目标候选区域提取；
en-us	Firstly, the multi-scale circle frequency filter isused to filter out the complex background of remote sensing images to extract the candidate region of aircrafttargets on different scales.

zh-cn	然后，通过构建卷积神经网络(CNN)模型实现候选区域有效分类，最终精确确定飞机目标位置。
en-us	Then, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model is constructed to realize theeffective classification of candidate regions, and finally the aircraft target position is accurately determined.

zh-cn	最后，基于获取的真实遥感图像进行目标检测算法实验验证，经统计该算法的飞机目标检测率为94.38%，虚警率为3.76%，
en-us	The target detection algorithm is experimentally verified based on the obtained real remote sensing images. It shows that the aircraft target detection rate and the false alarm rate are 94.38% and 3.76% respectively.

zh-cn	实验结果充分验证了该文算法的有效性，该算法可为机场监管、军事侦察等应用提供重要的技术支持。
en-us	The experimental results fully verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, which can provide important technical support for airport supervision, military reconnaissance and other applications.

zh-cn	星载扫描合成孔径雷达(ScanSAR)采取Burst工作模式，该模式在获得宽幅测绘能力的同时，也导致图像中产生了固有的扇贝效应，严重影响图像的视觉效果和定量应用。
en-us	The space borne Scanning Synthetic Aperture Radar (ScanSAR) adopts the Burst working mode.While obtaining wide-range mapping capabilities, this mode also causes an inherent scalloping in the image, which seriously affects the visual effects and quantitative applications of the image.

zh-cn	该文结合对ScanSAR图像方位向统计特性的分析，针对现有滤波模型稳定性差和时间复杂度高等缺点，提出了一种改进的Kalman滤波模型，对图像方位向标准差和均值进行滤波以校正扇贝条纹。
en-us	Based on the analysis of the azimuth statistical characteristics of ScanSAR images and aimed at the shortcomings of the existing filtering model such as poor stability and high time complexity, an improved Kalman filtering model is proposed, which filters the standard deviation and mean of image in azimuth position to correct scallop stripes.

zh-cn	在高分三号(GF-3)卫星获取的真实ScanSAR图像上的校正结果验证了改进算法的有效性和高效性，此外在建筑群和海陆交界等复杂场景图像上的实验结果表明，改进算法具有较强的鲁棒性。
en-us	The correction results on the real ScanSAR images acquired by the GF-3 satellite verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the improved algorithm. Furthermore, the experimental results on complex scene images such as buildings and thejunction of sea and land indicate that the strong robustness of the improved algorithm.

zh-cn	该文对基于混沌的双模块Feistel结构(CFE)高安全性高速分组算法的安全性进行了分析。
en-us	The security of high security and high speed block cipher algorithm of two-module FEistel structurebased on Chaos (CFE) is analyzed.

zh-cn	分析结果表明，算法不适合用积分攻击、中间相遇攻击、不变量攻击、插值攻击和循环移位攻击分析其安全性；
en-us	The results show that the cipher is not suitable to use integral attack,meat-in-the-middle attack, invariant attack, interpolation attack and circle shift attack to analyze its security.

zh-cn	可以抵抗相关密钥攻击；
en-us	And it can resist the related-key attack.

zh-cn	更进一步地构造出了5轮不可能差分特征链，并利用其进行区分攻击；
en-us	Furthermore, 5 rounds of impossible differential characteristic areconstructed and used to distinguish attacks.

zh-cn	求得算法的活性S盒下界为6，概率约为2–21；
en-us	The lower bound of the active S-box is 6, and the probability isabout 2–21.

zh-cn	算法存在5轮零相关线性特征。
en-us	There are 5 rounds of linear characteristic with zero-correlation.

zh-cn	针对传统级联失效模型中冗余参数固定不变的问题，该文综合考虑节点受攻击程度不同和失效过程中网络拓扑的动态变化，建立了基于节点冗余容量动态控制(DRC)的级联失效模型。
en-us	In View of the problem of fixed redundancy parameters in the traditional cascade failure model, this paper comprehensively considers the different attack levels of nodes and the dynamic changes of the network topology during the failure process, and establishes a cascading failure model based on Dynamic control of nodeRedundancy Capacity (DRC).

zh-cn	通过定义网络相变临界因子 衡量节点失效引发级联失效的概率，分析了网络鲁棒性与 之间的相关性，并结合度分布函数详细推导了 的解析表达式，基于解析表达式提出了两种网络鲁棒性提升策略。
en-us	By defining the critical factor  of the phase transition of the network to measure the probability of node failure leading to cascading failure, the correlation between network robustness and  is analyzed, and the analytic expression of  is derived in detail by combining degree distribution function. Based on analytic expressions, two network robustness enhancement strategies are proposed.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，在模型网络和真实网络中，根据被攻击节点度的不同，通过调整节点初始负载参数 可以有效提高目标网络的鲁棒性；
en-us	The simulation results show that in model network and real network, the robustness of target network can beeffectively improved by adjusting the initial load parameter  of nodes according to the difference of degree ofnodes under attack.

zh-cn	DRC模型下级联失效传播范围较Motter-Lai(ML)模型显著减小。
en-us	The failure propagation range of DRC model is significantly reduced compared withMotter-Lai (ML) model.

zh-cn	针对车辆轨迹预测中节点序列的时序特性和实际路网中的空间关联性，该文提出一种基于深度置信网络和SoftMax (DBN-SoftMax)轨迹预测方法。
en-us	For the temporal features of trajectory intersection sequence and spatial correlation of the actual roadnetwork, a trajectory prediction method based on the Deep Belief Networks and SoftMax (DBN-SoftMax) isproposed.

zh-cn	首先，考虑到轨迹在节点集合中的强稀疏性和一般特征学习方法对新特征的泛化能力不足，该文利用深度置信网络(DBN)较强的无监督特征学习能力，达到提取轨迹局部空间特性的目的；
en-us	At first, considering the sparsity of trajectory in an intersection set and the insufficiency ofgeneralization ability in general feature learning methods for new features, the strong unsupervised featurelearning ability of Deep Belief Network (DBN) is used to extract the local spatial features of trajectory.

zh-cn	然后，针对轨迹的时序特性，该文采用逻辑回归的预测思路，用当前轨迹集在路网特征空间中的线性组合来预测轨迹；
en-us	Secondly, considering the temporal features of the trajectory, the logistic regression method and the linearcombination of the current trajectory set in the road network features space are used to predict the trajectory.

zh-cn	最后，结合自然语言处理领域中的词嵌入的思想，基于实际轨迹中节点存在的上下文关系，运用节点的向量集表征了节点间的交通时空关系。
en-us	Finally, Based on the idea of word embedding in the field of natural language processing and the contextualrelationship of intersections in the actual trajectory, the vector set of intersections is used to represent thespatiotemporal relationship of traffic between intersections.

zh-cn	实验结果表明该模型不仅能够有效地提取轨迹特征，并且在拓扑结构复杂的路网中也能得到较好的预测结果。
en-us	The experimental results show that the model cannot only extract the trajectory features effectively, but also obtain better prediction performance in a roadnetwork with complex topology.

zh-cn	P, T波的检测在临床上是心血管疾病诊断的重要依据。
en-us	The detection of P and T waves is an important basis for the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease inthe clinic.

zh-cn	由于其波形能量低、形态复杂，极易受到噪声干扰，导致现有检测算法精度仍有待提高。
en-us	Because of its low waveform energy and complex shape, it is extremely susceptible to noise interference, which leads to the need to improve the accuracy of existing detection algorithms.

zh-cn	该文提出平稳和连续小波变换融合算法检测P, T波，
en-us	In this paper, aP and T wave algorithm based on stable and continuous wavelet transform is proposed .

zh-cn	利用连续小波变换的多尺度信息，获取心电图(ECG)信号中P, T波主要成分，融合其平稳小波对P, T波候选段进行平滑处理，消除波形中锯齿状毛刺对峰值点检测的影响，
en-us	First, the smoothwavelet transform is used to smooth the ElectroCardioGram (ECG) signal to eliminate the effect of jaggedburrs on the peak point detection. Then, the multiscale information of continuous wavelet transform is used toobtain the main components of P and T waves in the ECG signal.

zh-cn	最后对P, T波过零点进行时移修正，保证过零点还原到原始信号过程中能够准确对应其峰值点，从而提高P, T波检测精度。
en-us	According to the translation correction rule,the time shift of the zero crossings of P and T waves is corrected to improve the detection accuracy of P and Twaves.

zh-cn	该文算法在MIT-BIH arrhythmic数据库上进行验证，最终P波的误差率、敏感度、正确预测度达到：0.23%, 99.85%, 99.90%；T波的误差率、敏感度、正确预测度达到0.27%, 99.85%, 99.87%。
en-us	The algorithm of this paper is verified on the MIT-BIH arrhythmic database, and the final P-wave errorrate, sensitivity, and correct prediction reach 0.23%, 99.85%, 99.90%; the T-wave error rate, sensitivity, andcorrect prediction reach 0.27%, 99.85%, 99.87%.

zh-cn	相较于线性调频(LFM)信号，双曲调频(HFM)信号因具有良好的脉冲压缩性能和多普勒不变性，被广泛用于雷达侦查、水声探测等多普勒影响严重的场景中，其中HFM信号的参数估计问题尤为重要。
en-us	Compared with Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) signals, Hyperbolic Frequency Modulation(HFM) signals, which have good performance of the pulse compression and the Doppler invariance, are widely used in scenes with severe Doppler effects such as radar detection and underwater acoustic detection, and among them, the parameter estimation problem of HFM signals is particularly important.

zh-cn	有鉴于此，该文提出一种基于似然函数的HFM信号参数估计快速算法。
en-us	In view of this, thispaper proposes a Fast Algorithm for Parameter Estimation of Hyperbolic Frequency Modulation Signals Basedon Likelihood Function.

zh-cn	文中首先推导出HFM信号的Cramer-Rao下界作为参数估计的性能评估标准；
en-us	Firstly, the Cramer-Rao lower bound of the HFM signal is derived as the performanceevaluation standard for parameter estimation;

zh-cn	然后基于高斯随机噪声，构建了HFM信号的似然函数，并结合数据向量化的特点提出一种改进的适应度函数，最后利用全局最优引导人工蜂群(GABC)算法对该适应度函数进行极值寻优，从而实现HFM信号的参数估计；
en-us	Then based on the Gaussian random noise, the likelihoodfunction of the HFM signal is constructed, and an improved fitness function is proposed in combination withthe characteristics of data vectorization, then the Global best guided Artificial Bee Colony (GABC) algorithmis used to optimize the fitness function to realize the parameter estimation of the HFM signal.

zh-cn	通过蒙特卡洛仿真证明了该方法在信噪比为3 dB以上时，HFM信号的参数估计结果的均方误差更逼近Cramer-Rao下界，且运算量约是原来的1/3，在保证估计精度的同时提高算法收敛速度。
en-us	Finally, MonteCarlo simulation results show that, compared to the method before the improvement, the mean square error ofthe parameter estimation result of the HFM signal is closer to the Cramer-Rao lower bound when the signal-to-noise ratio is more the 3 dB, and the amount of calculation is about one-third of the method beforeimprovement, which improves the algorithm convergence speed while ensuring the estimation accuracy.

zh-cn	密码设备面临故障攻击的威胁，针对密码芯片的故障攻击手段研究是密码学和硬件安全领域的重要研究方向。
en-us	The security of crypto system is threatened by fault attacks, and implementation of fault attacks for crypto chips become an important research direction in the field of cryptography and hardware security.

zh-cn	脉冲激光具有较好的时空分辨性，是一种准确度较高的故障攻击手段。
en-us	The pulse laser is a method with high accuracy for its high temporal-spatial resolution.

zh-cn	该文详细描述了激光注入攻击的原理和方法，以集成AES-128算法的微控制器(MCU)为例实施了激光注入攻击实验。
en-us	In this paper, the principleand method of laser injection attacks are described in detail, and experiments are carried out on a Micro-Controller Unit (MCU) with AES-128 algorithm as an example.

zh-cn	实验以微控制器的SRAM为攻击目标，分别成功实现了差分故障攻击和子密钥编排攻击，恢复了其16 Byte的完整密钥，其中后一种攻击是目前首次以激光的手段实现。
en-us	The SRAMs of the MCU are taken as theattack targets. Differential fault attack and the subkey expansion attack are successfully implemented, and the16 Byte complete keys are recovered respectively. The latter attack is first implemented by the laser.

zh-cn	研究表明，激光注入攻击能准确定位关键数据存放的物理位置，并能在任意的操作中引入错误，实现单比特的数据翻转，满足故障攻击模型的需求。
en-us	The research shows that laser injection attack has many benefits to meet the requirements of fault attack models, including accurate location of critical data, error injection in any operation, and generation of single bit flip.

zh-cn	激光注入攻击能在较短时间内完成自动攻击和密文收集，攻击过程贴近真实场景，对密码芯片具有极大的威胁。
en-us	The laser injection attacks and ciphertext collection can be completed automatically in a short time in a nearly real-life scenario, which has a great threat to the crypto chips.

zh-cn	针对当前无线可充电传感器网络(WRSNs)一对一移动充电方式存在充电效率低、定向充电模型缺乏问题，该文提出了一种基于充电效用最大化(MUC)的一对多有向充电调度方案。
en-us	The one-to-one charging method for Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks (WRSNs) mobilechargers has some problems such as low charging efficiency and lack of directional charging model. To cope with the problems, a one-to-many directed charging scheduling scheme based on Maximizing Utility Charging(MUC) is proposed.

zh-cn	方案首先筛选网络中充电增益最大的有向覆盖子集；
en-us	In this scheme, the directed coverage subsets with the largest charging gain in the networkis first searched;

zh-cn	然后根据有向覆盖子集确定充电锚点，并进而规划充电器的移动路径；
en-us	Then the charging anchor points are determined according to the directed coverage subset andthe charger movement path is planned;

zh-cn	最后在满足移动充电器能量和充电周期约束条件下优化移动充电器的充电时间。
en-us	Finally, the constraints of mobile charger energy and charging cycle areconsidered and the charging time is optimized.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该方案与平均能量充电(AEC)、固定能量充电(FEC)相比，充电效率分别提高了13.7%和32.7%；
en-us	Experimental results show that in comparation with AverageEnergy Charge (AEC) and Fixed Energy Charge (FEC) charging time optimization schemes, the chargingefficiency of this scheme is increased by 13.7% and 32.7% respectively.

zh-cn	与最多节点覆盖(MNC)、最大平均增益覆盖(MAGC)子集筛选方案相比，充电效率分别提高了4.4%和35.9%；
en-us	In comparation with Maximum NodeCoverage (MNC) and Maximum Average Gain Coverage (MAGC) subset screening schemes, the chargingefficiency is increased by 4.4% and 35.9% respectively.

zh-cn	同时在网络饿死节点数目上与MNC, MAGC方案相比也显著降低。
en-us	In addition, the number of starved nodes in the networkis significantly reduced compared with the MNC, MAGC schemes.

zh-cn	心冲击图(BCG)可用于无接触式地监测生命体征。
en-us	BallistoCardioGram (BCG) can be used for contactless detection of vital signs.

zh-cn	在BCG的逐拍心率提取中，较低的平均绝对误差对于精确地获取用户的心率变异性(HRV)指标具有重要意义。
en-us	In BCG’s beat-to-beatheart rate extraction, the lower mean absolute error is of great significance for accurately obtaining the user’sHeart Rate Variability (HRV) indicators.

zh-cn	为解决目前大多数方法在逐拍心率计算精度方面的不足，该文设计了一种基于压电陶瓷的心冲击信号采集系统。
en-us	In order to solve the shortcomings in the accuracy of beat-to-beatheart rate calculation of most current methods, a BCG acquisition system based on piezoelectric ceramicssensor is designed in this paper.

zh-cn	通过采用合适的传感器外壳结构和采样频率，增加传感器的灵敏度和BCG的时间分辨率；
en-us	By adopting a suitable structure for the sensor‘s shell and a suitable samplingfrequency, the sensitivity of the sensor and the time resolution of the BCG signal are increased.

zh-cn	通过对比不同的BCG处理方法并找到BCG中最适合提取精准逐拍心动周期的成分；
en-us	Through the analysis of BCG, the most suitable components in BCG is found to extract beat by beat cardiac cycle.

zh-cn	同时该文提出一种采用AP聚类的自适应模板匹配算法，以准确提取心动周期信息。
en-us	At thesame time, this paper proposes an adaptive template matching algorithm using AP clustering to extractaccurately cardiac cycle information.

zh-cn	对15名受试者共5741次心跳数据进行分析，结果显示逐拍心动周期的平均误差为0.48%，平均绝对误差为3.78 ms，心跳覆盖率在97%以上，优于其他同类工作。
en-us	Analysis of the data of 5741 heartbeats of 15 subjects shows that theaverage error of the beat-to-beat heartbeat cycle is 0.48%, the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) is 3.78 ms, and theheartbeat coverage is above 95%, which is better than other similar work.

zh-cn	蜂窝车联网(C-V2X)与车载自组织网络(VANET)的异构融合能够有效提高网络容量。
en-us	The heterogeneous integration of Cellular-Vehicle to everything (C-V2X) and Vehicle Ad-hocNETwork (VANET) can effectively increase network capacity.

zh-cn	然而，不同网络在非授权频段上共存而引起的信道冲突会导致系统吞吐量降低和用户接入时延增大，无法满足车联网用户对服务质量(QoS)的需求。
en-us	However, the channel conflicts caused by thecoexistence of different networks on the unlicensed frequency bands will cause the system throughput todecrease and the user access delay to increase, which can not satisfy the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements.

zh-cn	针对该问题，该文提出一种基于用户个性化QoS需求的时频资源分配方法。
en-us	Considering this problem, a time-frequency resource allocation method based on personalized QoS is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，分别对C-V2X 和 VANET 的吞吐量和时延进行建模分析，刻画用户数据传输时间配置与吞吐量和时延的数学关系；
en-us	Firstly, the throughput and delay models of C-V2X and VANET are established respectively to determine themathematical relationship between user data transmission time configuration and throughput and delay.

zh-cn	然后，基于上述模型构建吞吐量-时延联合优化函数，根据用户的个性化QoS需求实现异构网络中吞吐量和时延的优化；
en-us	Then,based on the above mathematical models, a Delay-Throughput Joint Optimization Algorithm (DT-JOA) isestablished to optimize throughput and delay in a heterogeneous network according to the personalized QoSrequirements of users.

zh-cn	最后，提出一种基于改进多目标粒子群优化的时延-吞吐量联合优化算法(DT-JOA)进行求解。
en-us	Finally, a joint optimization algorithm for delay and throughput based on ParticleSwarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该文所提网络资源分配算法可以有效地保证用户的个性化QoS需求，提升异构网络综合性能。
en-us	The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can meet thepersonalized QoS requirements of users and significantly improve the comprehensive performance ofheterogeneous networks.

zh-cn	基于杂波谱稀疏恢复的空时自适应处理(STAP)方法可以显著降低对杂波样本数的要求，十分适合缺少样本情况下的机载雷达杂波抑制。
en-us	Sparse recovery Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) can reduce the requirements of cluttersamples, and suppress effectively clutter using limited training samples for airborne radar.

zh-cn	然而，现有稀疏恢复STAP方法利用离散化空时导向矢量字典进行重构，在非正侧视阵情况下，由于杂波脊不在字典网格点上，字典失配问题严重影响杂波抑制性能。
en-us	The whole space-time plane is discretized into small grid points uniformly in presently available sparse recovery STAP methods,however, the clutter ridge is not located exactly on the pre-discretized grid points in non-sidelooking STAPradar. The dictionary mismatch effect degrades the performance of STAP significantly.

zh-cn	针对上述问题，该文提出了一种基于原子范数的无网格稀疏恢复空时自适应处理方法(ANM-STAP)，利用低秩矩阵恢复理论实现连续空时平面的稀疏恢复，克服了稀疏恢复中的字典失配问题，获得了非正侧视阵情况下的高分辨率杂波空时谱，有效提高了STAP杂波抑制性能。
en-us	In this paper, a gridlesssparse recovery STAP method is proposed based on Atomic Norm Minimization (ANM-STAP), which utilizes thelow-rank property of the clutter covariance matrix. In the proposed method, the clutter spectrum is precisely estimated in continuous space-time plane without dictionary mismatch.

zh-cn	Monte Carlo实验证明，该文方法STAP处理性能在非正侧视阵情况下优于已有字典离散化处理的稀疏恢复STAP方法。
en-us	Numerical results show that the proposed methodprovides an improved performance to the sparse recovery STAP methods with discretized dictionaries.

zh-cn	高频组件是空间行波管的主要部件，是管内传播高频电磁波的重要传输部件，其中陶瓷封接部位一般采用银焊料进行焊接，它一般存放于真空柜中。
en-us	The microwave window is the main component of the space traveling wave tube and an important transmission component for transmitting high-frequency electromagnetic waves in the tube.

zh-cn	存放一段时间后，组件表面出现了发黑现象。
en-us	The microwavewindow is generally welded with silver solder, and stored in a vacuum cabinet.

zh-cn	分析表明真空柜中放置的橡胶制品导致了高频组件银焊料焊接部位发生硫化，导致贮存失效。
en-us	After storage for some time, themicrowave window surface becomes black. The analysis shows that the rubber products placed in the vacuum cabinet cause vulcanization of the silver soldered joints of the high-frequency components, leading to storage failure.

zh-cn	结合实验结果和理论分析，在大气状态下，橡胶套中的硫是比较稳定的。
en-us	Combining experimental results and theoretical analysis, the sulfur in the rubber is relatively stableunder atmospheric conditions.

zh-cn	然而在真空状态下，硫是比较容易从橡胶套中升华进入真空柜中的，从而会在真空柜中弥漫大量硫蒸气，这些硫蒸气与银焊料发生化学反应形成Ag2S，因此含硫的橡胶套不宜放入真空柜。
en-us	However, in a vacuum state, sulfur is relatively easy to sublimate from the rubber into the vacuum cabinet, which will diffuse a large amount of sulfur vapor in the vacuum cabinet. These sulfur vapors react with the silver solder to form Ag2S, so the sulfur-containing rubber should not be placed in a vacuum cabinet.

zh-cn	针对一般跟踪算法不能很好地解决航拍视频下目标分辨率低、视场大、视角变化多等特殊难点，该文提出一种融合目标显著性和在线学习干扰因子的无人机(UAV)跟踪算法。
en-us	In view of the fact that the general tracking algorithm can not solve the special problems such as lowresolution, large field of view and many changes of view angle, a Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) trackingalgorithm combining target saliency and online learning interference factor is proposed.

zh-cn	通用模型预训练的深层特征无法有效地识别航拍目标，该文跟踪算法能根据反向传播梯度识别每个卷积滤波器的重要性来更好地选择目标显著性特征，以此凸显航拍目标特性。
en-us	The deep feature that the general model pre-trained can not effectively identify the aerial target, the tracking algorithm can better select the salient feature of each convolution filter according to the importance of the back propagation gradient, so as to highlight the aerial target feature.

zh-cn	另外充分利用连续视频丰富的上下文信息，通过引导目标外观模型与当前帧尽可能相似地来在线学习动态目标的干扰因子，从而实现可靠的自适应匹配跟踪。
en-us	In addition, it makes full use of the rich contextinformation of the continuous video, and learn the interference factor of the dynamic target online by guidingthe target appearance model as similar as possible to the current frame, so as to achieve reliable adaptivematching tracking.

zh-cn	实验证明：该算法在跟踪难点更多的UAV123数据集上跟踪成功率和准确率分别比孪生网络基准算法高5.3%和3.6%，同时速度达到平均28.7帧/s，基本满足航拍目标跟踪准确性和实时性需求。
en-us	It is proved that the tracking success rate and accuracy rate of the algorithm are 5.3% and3.6% higher than that of the siamese network benchmark algorithm on the more difficult UAV123 dataset,respectively, and the speed reaches an average of 28.7 frames per second, which basically meet the aerial targettracking accuracy and real-time requirements.

zh-cn	针对源节点和中继节点均采用收集能量供电的放大转发中继网络，考虑两个目的节点之间信息相互保密的场景，该文提出最大化长期时间平均保密速率的源节点和中继节点发送功率联合优化算法。
en-us	For amplify-and-forward relay networks where both the source node and the relay node are poweredby the harvested energy and the information for the two destination nodes are required to keep secrecy eachother, an algorithm is proposed to maximize the long-term average secrecy rate by jointly optimizing thetransmission power of the source node and the relay node.

zh-cn	由于能量到达和信道状态是随机过程，该问题是一个随机优化问题。
en-us	Since the energy arrivals and channel states arestochastic processes, the problem is a stochastic optimization problem.

zh-cn	利用Lyapunov优化框架将电池操作和能量使用约束下的长期优化问题转化为每时隙的“虚队列漂移加惩罚”最小化问题，并求解。
en-us	The Lyapunov optimization frameworkis used to transform the long-term optimization problem into a “virtual queue drift plus penalty”minimization problem per time slot under the constraints of battery operation and energy using. The transformed optimization problem is solved.

zh-cn	仿真结果显示该文提出的算法在长期平均保密速率上相较于对比算法具有显著的优势，同时算法仅依赖于当前的电池状态和信道状态信息做出决策，是一种实用的、低复杂度的算法。
en-us	The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has significant advantages over the comparison algorithms in the long-term average secrecy rate. Furthermore, theproposed algorithm only depends on the current battery state and channel state to make the decision, which isa practical and low-complexity algorithm.

zh-cn	雷达对抗的核心研究内容主要是干扰策略与抗干扰策略之间的对抗博弈，其作为电子战研究领域的热点一直备受学者们关注。
en-us	The core research contents of radar countermeasures are the games of countermeasures betweenjamming strategies and anti-jamming strategies. As a hotspot in the field of electronic warfare, radarcountermeasures have been paid much attention by scholars.

zh-cn	该文综述了学者们利用合作与非合作博弈方法来分析雷达在进行目标探测和干扰抑制时所使用的策略，
en-us	This paper summarizes that the scholars employ the cooperative and non-cooperative game methods to analyze the radar against jamming while probing targets.

zh-cn	主要通过不同体制的雷达利用认知技术感知和学习外界复杂的电磁环境，合理地分配发射功率、控制编码序列、设计波形、研究检测和跟踪方法以及分配雷达通信资源等。
en-us	Different radar systems make use of cognitive techniques perceive and learn the complex electromagnetic environment, and reasonably allocate transmitting power, control coding sequence, design waveform, investigate detection and tracking methods and allocate resources of radar communication etc.

zh-cn	这样雷达既节约发射所消耗的功率，又可以自适应地搜索和跟踪目标而不被敌方所发现，从而使雷达在复杂多变的现代战场环境中达到自身最优的性能。
en-us	In this way, radar can notonly reduce power consumption, but also search and track the target without being detected by the enemy.Thus, radar can achieve its optimal performance in the complex and changeable modern battlefieldenvironment.

zh-cn	最后，对认知雷达抗干扰中的博弈论分析研究进行总结和展望，并指出了一些博弈论在认知雷达抗干扰策略应用中所面临的潜在问题和挑战。
en-us	Finally, game theory in cognitive radar anti-jamming is summarized and prospected, and it alsopoints out some potential problems and challenges of game theory in cognitive radar anti-jamming.

zh-cn	得益于计算机硬件以及计算能力的进步，自然、简单的动态手势识别在人机交互方面备受关注。
en-us	Benefits from the progress of computer hardware and computing power, natural and simple dynamic gesture recognition gets a lot of attention in human-computer interaction.

zh-cn	针对人机交互中对动态手势识别准确率的要求，该文提出一种融合双流3维卷积神经网络(I3D)和注意力机制(CBAM)的动态手势识别方法CBAM-I3D。
en-us	In view of the requirement of theaccuracy of dynamic gesture recognition in human-computer interaction, a method of dynamic gesturerecognition that combines Two-stream Inflated 3D (I3D) Convolution Neural Network (CNN) with theConvolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM-I3D) is proposed.

zh-cn	并且改进了I3D网络模型的相关参数和结构，为了提高模型的收敛速度和稳定性，使用了批量归一化(BN)技术优化网络，使优化后网络的训练时间缩短。
en-us	In addition, relevant parameters andstructures of the I3D network model are improved. In order to improve the convergence speed and stability ofthe model, the Batch Normalization (BN) technology is used to optimize the network, which shortens thetraining time of the optimized network.

zh-cn	同时与多种双流3D卷积方法在开源中国手语数据集(CSL)上进行了实验对比，
en-us	At the same time, experimental comparisons with various Two-stream3D convolution methods on the open source Chinese Sign Language (CSL) recognition dataset are performed.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该文所提方法能很好地识别动态手势，识别率达到了90.76%，高于其他动态手势识别方法，验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。
en-us	The experimental results show that the proposed method can recognize dynamic gestures well, and therecognition rate reaches 90.76%, which is higher than other dynamic gesture recognition methods. The validityand feasibility of the proposed method are verified.

zh-cn	针对Z向转发(ZF)协作所有中继节点均参与协作转发导致的能耗利用不合理问题， 该文提出了一种适用于多中继场景下的门限辅助判决快速Z转发(DT-FZF)协作。
en-us	In consideration of improper power allocation and insufficient relay selection in the current Z-Forward (ZF) scheme, an efficient Decision Threshold-aided Fast Z-Forward (DT-FZF) scheme is proposed toimprove power and transmission efficiency.

zh-cn	当中继节点处接收信号对数似然比(LLR)的绝对值小于门限时，中继节点不参与协作转发；
en-us	When the absolute value of the Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR) of asource-relay reception is less than the decision threshold, the relay remains quiet.

zh-cn	否则中继节点协作转发经截断后的对数似然比(LLR)。
en-us	Otherwise, it directly sendsthe truncated LLR to the destination.

zh-cn	放大转发(AF)、译码转发(DF)、分段转发(PF)和ZF协作可看作DT-FZF协作的特殊情况。
en-us	In addition, the proposed DT-FZF scheme incorporates the Amplify-Forward(AF), Decode-Forward(DF), Piecewise-Forward(PF) and ZF schemes, all of which can be the specialcase of the proposed scheme.

zh-cn	在三中继系统，误比特率(BER)为10–3时，相比ZF协作，所提协作可获得约0.8 dB的性能增益。
en-us	At a Bit Error Rate (BER) is of 10–3, the DT-FZF scheme outperforms the ZFscheme by approximately 0.8 dB in a three-relay system.

zh-cn	波形优化可有效抑制干扰，显著改善雷达探测性能。
en-us	Waveform optimization can effectively suppress the interference, and improve significantly radarperformance.

zh-cn	针对全极化雷达，考虑发射波形满足能量和相似性双重约束，以最大化信杂噪比为准则，对发射波形和接收滤波器进行联合优化。
en-us	With considering polarimetric radars as the object of study and to maximize the output Signal-to-Clutter plus Noise Ratio (SCNR) as the merit of figure, an optimization problem of joint transmit waveform and receive filter design under both the energy and similarity constraints is constructed.

zh-cn	该文设计了一种波形和滤波器的迭代优化算法，该方法序贯提高输出信杂噪比。
en-us	Then, an optimization procedure for transmit signal and receive filter which improves sequentially the SCNR is exploited.

zh-cn	算法的每一次迭代需要分别解决一个凸问题和隐凸问题，整个算法的计算量与迭代次数和接收滤波器长度分别呈线性和多项式关系。
en-us	Eachiteration of the algorithm requires the solution of both a convex and a hidden convex optimization problem,and the resulting computational complexity is linear with the number of iterations and polynomial with thereceive filter length.

zh-cn	最后，通过仿真实验分析了算法的收敛性、优化波形的模糊度函数方面的性质，与其他算法进行了对比，结果表明：与现有方法相比，该文方法可实现信杂噪比的有效提升。
en-us	Finally, the convergence of the algorithm and the property of the optimized waveform inthe ambiguous domain are analyzed through numerical experiments. Results show that, compared to theexisting methods, the proposed approach improves significantly the SCNR.

zh-cn	一类分类是一种将目标类样本和其他所有的非目标类样本区分开的分类方法。
en-us	In the problem of one-class classification, One-Class Classifier (OCC) tries to identify samples of aspecific class, called the target class, among samples of all other classes.

zh-cn	传统的一类分类方法针对所有训练样本建立一个分类器，忽视了数据的内在结构，在样本分布复杂时，其分类性能会严重下降。
en-us	Traditional one-class classification methods design a classifier using all training samples and ignore the underlying structure of the data, thus their classification performance will be seriously degraded when dealing with complex distributed data.

zh-cn	为了提升复杂分布情况下的分类性能，该文提出一种集成式Beta过程最大间隔一类方法。
en-us	To overcomethis problem, an ensembling one-class classification method based on Beta process max-margin one-classclassifier is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	该方法利用Dirichlet过程混合模型(DPM)对训练样本聚类，同时在每一个聚类学习一个Beta过程最大间隔一类分类器。
en-us	In the method, the input data is partitioned into several clusters with the Dirichlet Process Mixture (DPM), and a Beta Process Max-Margin One-Class Classifier (BPMMOCC) is learned in each cluster.

zh-cn	通过多个分类器的集成，可以构造出一个描述能力更强的分类器，提升复杂分布下的分类效果。
en-us	With the ensemble of some simple classifiers, the complex nonlinear classification can beimplemented to enhance the classification performance.

zh-cn	DPM聚类模型和Beta过程最大间隔一类分类器在同一个贝叶斯框架下联合优化，保证了每一个聚类样本的可分性。
en-us	Specifically, the DPM and BPMMOCC are jointlylearned in a unified Bayesian frame to guarantee the separability in each cluster.

zh-cn	此外，在Beta过程最大间隔一类分类器中，加入了服从Beta过程先验分布的特征选择因子，从而可以降低特征冗余度以及提升分类效果。
en-us	Moreover, in BPMMOCC, afeature selection factor, which obeys the prior distribution of Beta process, is added to reduce featureredundancy and improve classification results.

zh-cn	基于仿真数据、公共数据集和实测SAR图像数据的实验结果证明了所提方法的有效性。
en-us	Experimental results based on synthetic data, benchmark datasets and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) real data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

zh-cn	密码专用可编程逻辑阵列(CSPLA)是一种数据流驱动的密码处理结构，该文针对不同规模的阵列结构和密码算法映射实现能效关系的问题，
en-us	Cipher Specific Programmable Logic Array (CSPLA) is a data stream-driven cryptographic processing structure. The relations between cryptographic mapping energy efficiency and array structures ofdifferent scales is considered in this paper.

zh-cn	首先以CSPLA的特定硬件结构为基础，以分组密码的高能效实现为切入点，建立基于该结构的分组密码算法映射能效模型并分析影响能效的相关因素，
en-us	First, based on the specific hardware structure of CSPLA and blockciphers, an energy efficiency model of block cipher algorithm mapping based on this structure is established andrelated factors affecting energy efficiency are analyzed.

zh-cn	然后进一步根据阵列结构上算法映射的基本过程提出映射算法，
en-us	Then the basic process of algorithm mapping on thearray structure is discussed and a mapping algorithm is proposed.

zh-cn	最后选取几种典型的分组密码算法分别在不同规模的阵列进行映射实验。
en-us	Finally, several typical block cipheralgorithms are selected to perform mapping experiments on arrays of different scales.

zh-cn	结果表明越大的规模并不一定能够带来越高的能效，
en-us	The results show thatlarger scale CSPLA does not necessarily bring higher energy efficiency.

zh-cn	为取得映射的最佳能效，阵列的规模参数应当与具体的硬件资源限制和密码算法运算需求相匹配，CSPLA规模为4×4～4×6时映射取得最优能效，AES算法最优能效为33.68Mbps/mW，
en-us	When the CSPLA scale is about4×4～4×6 which achieves the best energy efficiency. In order to obtain the best energy efficiency, the scaleparameter of the array should match the specific hardware resource constraints and cryptographic algorithmparameters. The optimal energy efficiency of AES algorithm is 33.68 Mbps/mW.

zh-cn	对比其它密码处理结构，CSPLA具有较优的能效特性。
en-us	CSPLA has better energyefficiency characteristics compared with other cryptographic processing structures.

zh-cn	为解决眼镜遮挡会降低人脸识别性能的难点，借鉴深度卷积神经网络在超分辨率方面的成功应用，该文提出一种用于细粒度人脸识别的眼镜自动去除方法ERCNN。
en-us	In order to solve the problem that eyeglasses reduce often the performance of face recognition, based on the successful application of deep convolution neural network in super-resolution, this paper proposes an automatic eyeglasses removal method ERCNN (Eyeglasses Removal CNN) for fine-grained face recognition.

zh-cn	用卷积层、池化层、MFM特征选取模块和反卷积层设计ERCNN网络模型，自动学习戴眼镜和未戴眼镜人脸图像对之间的映射关系，实现端到端的眼镜去除。
en-us	Specifically, the ERCNN network which is designed based on the convolution layer, pool layer, MFM (MaxFeature Map)feature selection module and deconvolution layer, are automatically learned the mappingrelationship between facial images with eyeglasses and their counterparts without eyeglasses to realize end-to-end eyeglasses removal.

zh-cn	然后，收集大量监控场景下的人脸图像，以及互联网上公开的人脸图像作为训练集；
en-us	Then, massive facial images are captured through surveillance equipment and collectedfrom the Internet as the training set.

zh-cn	同时构建SLLFW数据集，作为眼镜去除和人脸识别的测试集。
en-us	And, SLLFW data set is established, which is used as the test set ofeyeglasses removal and face recognition.

zh-cn	最后，通过与传统的眼镜去除方法进行对比试验，该文算法的各项评价指标优于传统方法，能有效的去除真实人脸图像中眼镜；
en-us	The experiment show that the proposed method can better effectively remove the eyeglasses from the real facial image than the traditional eyeglasses removal methods, and the evaluation index of the method is better than other methods.

zh-cn	同时在SLLFW人脸数据集上形成的全框眼镜、半框眼镜和无框眼镜人脸数据集上对多种人脸识别算法进行对比试验。
en-us	In addition, several face recognition methods are tested separately on the facial images formed by SLLFW data set.

zh-cn	试验表明，在FAR为1%的情况下，利用该文方法对F-SLLFW, H-SLLFW和R-SLLFW数据集的人脸图像进行眼镜去除后，SphereFace算法的TAR分别达到90.05%,91.14%和92.33%，比未去除眼镜的识别率分别提高了3.92%, 3.08%和1.26%；
en-us	Experiments show that when the FAR (False Accept Rate) is 1%, the TAR (True Accept Rate) of the Sphereface method reaches 90.05%, 91.14% and92.33%, which is 3.92%, 3.08% and 1.26% higher than the Sphereface method is not used to remove theeyeglasses from the F-SLLFW, H-SLLF and R-SLLFW, respectively.

zh-cn	同样，在FAR为0.1%的情况下，比SphereFace算法的TAR分别提高了10.06%, 4.29%和2.13%，说明该文方法有助于提升细粒度人脸识别的识别精度。
en-us	Similarly, when the FAR 0.1%, the TARof Sphereface method is increased by 10.06%, 3.08% and 1.26% respectively. Therefore, the proposed methodcan better improve the recognition accuracy of fine-grained face recognition.

zh-cn	为满足各应用领域对高精度时间性能不断提升的需求，该文设计实现了一种迭代的优化频率驾驭算法，主要分为纸面时间计算和实际物理信号实现两个部分。
en-us	In order to meet the increasing demands for the performance of time in various application fields, anoptimized frequency steering algorithm is designed and implemented in this paper, which is mainly divided intotwo parts: paper time scale calculation and physical signal implementation.

zh-cn	其中纸面时间计算采用ALGOS算法，利用实时原子钟数据和Circular T公报数据计算获得准确可靠的时间尺度，保障了驾驭参考的准确性和实时性。
en-us	ALGOS algorithm is adopted forthe paper time scale calculation, and then an accurate and reliable time scale is calculated by using real-timeatomic clock data and Circular T data, which ensures the accuracy and real-time steering reference scale.

zh-cn	实时物理信号实现采用最优二次型高斯控制算法与Kalman算法综合，通过实时调整参数，计算出最优的频率驾驭量，将该驾驭量输送至频率调整设备，最终实现高精度时间信号的输出，整个驾驭系统是闭环的。
en-us	Real-time physical signals are implemented using an optimal Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control algorithmandand Kalman algorithm. By adjusting parameters in real time, the optimal frequency steering value is generated, this value is sent to the frequency adjustment device, and finally the output of the high-precision time signal is realized. The entire steering system is closed-loop.

zh-cn	该文基于我国时间基准保持系统和原子钟组，搭建试验平台，采用该算法对一台氢钟进行为期140天的频率驾驭，最终对输出的物理信号进行性能评估。
en-us	Based on time keeping system and atomic clock assemble, atest platform is built, and the algorithm is used to perform a 140 days frequency steering on a hydrogen maserclock, and finally the performance evaluation of the output physical signal is performed.

zh-cn	试验结果表明，该算法有效提高了驾驭后物理信号的准确度和稳定度，驾驭后信号与国际标准时间协调世界时(UTC)相比，相位偏差保持在±3 ns以内，且30天稳定度优于5×10–16。
en-us	Experimental results show that this algorithm improves effectively the accuracy and stability of the output physical signal.Compared with Universal Time Co-ordinated (UTC), the output time signal maintains a time deviation within± 3 ns, and its stability is better than 5×10–16 at 30 days.

zh-cn	该文提出了一种增强型PTP光纤级联精细时频同步方法，该方法以PTP同步技术为基础，结合同步以太网时钟传递技术和基于数字双混频时差法的多级级联精细时钟同步技术，对PTP技术进行改进和增强，
en-us	In this paper, an enhanced method of PTP fiber cascade fine time-frequency synchronization isproposed. Based on the PTP synchronization technology, combined with the synchronous Ethernet clocktransfer technology and the multi-level cascade fine clock synchronization technology based on the digitaldouble mixing time difference method, the PTP technology is improved and enhanced.

zh-cn	然后基于该方法，通过多级时频设备光纤级联的形式实现多节点、大跨度、网络化的时频信号传递与同步输出，并解决多级级联情况下同步精度会逐级恶化的问题，实现ns量级的系统时间同步精度，保证系统各环节在高度统一的时间尺度下进行高效同步与联动工作。
en-us	Then, based on thismethod, the multi-level time-frequency equipment fiber cascade is used to realize the multi node, large-span andnetworked time-frequency signal transmission and synchronous output can solve the problem that thesynchronization accuracy deteriorates step by step under the condition of multi-level cascade, realizing the nslevel system time synchronization accuracy, and ensuring the efficient synchronization and linkage of all partsof the system under the highly unified time scale.

zh-cn	通过设计、试验，验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。
en-us	The feasibility and effectiveness of the method are verified bydesign and test.

zh-cn	全同态加密(FHE)可以真正从根本上解决云计算时将数据及其操作委托给第三方时的数据安全问题。
en-us	Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows data to be encrypted and out-sourced to commercialcloud environments for processing, while encrypted which diminishes privacy concerns.

zh-cn	针对全同态加密中占较大比例的大整数乘法运算优化需求，该文提出一种数论变换乘法蝶形运算的操作数合并算法，利用取模操作的快速算法，分别可将基16和基32运算单元的操作数减少到43.8%和39.1%。
en-us	For the optimizationrequirements of large integer multiplication operations in fully homomorphic encryption, an operand mergealgorithm of a Number Theory Transform (NTT) multiplier butterfly operation unit is proposed. By using afast algorithm of modulo operation, the operands of the Radix-16 and Radix-32 units are reduced to 43.8% and39.1%.

zh-cn	在此基础上，设计并实现了数论变换基32运算单元的硬件设计架构，在SMIC 90 nm工艺下的综合结果显示，电路的最高工作频率为600 MHz，面积1.714 mm2。
en-us	The hardware architecture of the NTT Radix-32 unit is designed and implemented. The proposed designis synthesized using 90 nm process technology. The results show that the maximum frequency of the circuit is600 MHz with die area 1.714 mm2.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该优化算法提升了数论变换乘法蝶形运算的计算效率。
en-us	The results also show that the optimization algorithm improves thecomputational efficiency of NTT multiplier butterfly operation.

zh-cn	为了解决混合类型数据与专家知识等异质信息的融合决策问题，该文提出了基于信任区间的交互式多属性识别(BI-TODIM)方法。
en-us	A the Interative Multi-criteria Decision making based on Belief Interval (BI-TODIM) approach isproposed to solve the fusion decision problem of heterogeneous information with mixed type data and expertknowledge.

zh-cn	完善了混合类型数据的距离测度，根据信任区间的构建定理和灰关联方法构建了未知目标混合类型数据的信任区间，阐明了信任区间与直觉模糊数之间的等价关系，创建了混合类型数据和专家知识的识别决策模型，实现了特征层信息和决策层信息的统一表达；
en-us	According to the construction theorem of trust interval and grey relation method, the trust intervalof mixed type data of unknown target is constructed. The equivalence relationship between trust interval andintuitionistic fuzzy number is clarified. The recognition decision model of mixed type data and expert knowledgeis established. The unified expression of feature layer information and decision layer information is realized.

zh-cn	分析了基于信度函数的逼近理想解(BF-TOPSIS)方法的反转现象及算法的复杂度，定义了区间数的序关系，提出了BI-TODIM识别决策方法，及基于直觉模糊熵的未知权重计算方法。
en-us	The shortcomings of the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution based on Belief Function(BF-TOPSIS) method are analyzed such as the inversion phenomenon and the complexity. To solve this problem,the order relation of interval numbers is defined, the BI-TODIM recognition decision method and the method ofcalculating unknown weight based on intuitionistic fuzzy entropy are proposed.

zh-cn	结合算例和目标识别案例，验证了该文方法在解决排序反转和异质信息融合方面的有效性，突出了该方法时间复杂度低、稳定性好、识别准确度高的优点。
en-us	The effectiveness of theproposed method in resolving ranking inversion and heterogeneous information fusion is verified by an exampleand a target identification case, which underlines low time complexity, good stability and high recognition accuracy.

zh-cn	针对相控阵雷达无法有效实现特定区域能量控制的问题，该文提出一种杂波环境下基于交替方向乘子法(ADMM)的频控阵MIMO(FDA-MIMO)雷达低截获(LPI)优化设计方法。
en-us	In view of the limitation of the phased-array on suppressing the range-dependent interference, a joint design of the transmit and receive beamforming via the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM)method for Low Probability of Intercept (LPI) of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output with Frequency DiverseArray (FDA-MIMO) radar in the presence of clutter is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法的优化准则是在保证目标参数估计性能的条件下，通过联合设计发射波束和接收滤波器使FDA-MIMO雷达在目标2维(距离-方位)区域上辐射的能量尽量小，即尽可能地降低雷达被截获的概率；
en-us	The problem of joint design is to maximizethe performance of target parameter estimation, and minimize the transmit energy at the target region whichenhances LPI capability.

zh-cn	接着利用加权求和的方法将优化准则构造成多比例分式规划(FP)和的问题；
en-us	Following a weighted sum of the performance metric, the original problem is firstly recasts to a multiple-ratio Fractional Programming (FP) problem.

zh-cn	然后利用循环迭代的方法，将优化问题转化成两个子优化问题；
en-us	Subsequently, an iterative algorithm is developed.

zh-cn	最后基于ADMM方法消除等式约束，并通过最小化2阶2次近似优化问题获得发射波束的闭合解。
en-us	Concretely, at each iteration, the transmit beamforming matrix is optimized by employing ADMM method and the quadratic approximation algorithm.

zh-cn	此外，也分析了该方法的计算复杂度。
en-us	Moreover, the computational complexity of the proposedalgorithm is discussed.

zh-cn	仿真部分通过输出信干燥比(SINR)、发射和接收方向图验证了该方法的有效性。
en-us	Numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposedalgorithm.

zh-cn	为提升对SAR图像乘性相干斑的抑制水平与边缘保护性能，该文提出了一种可自适应调节滤波强度(AFS)的SAR图像非局部平均(NLM)抑斑新算法(AFS-NLM)。
en-us	A new Non-Local Means (NLM) despeckling algorithm (AFS-NLM) with Adaptive Filtering Strength(AFS) is proposed to improve the performance of reducing multiplicative speckle and preserving the edges inSAR images.

zh-cn	该算法利用Frost滤波图像计算的局部均值与方差来改善SAR图像场景参量的估计，形成了一种能更好刻画SAR图像同质区与边缘区的改进Kuan滤波系数。
en-us	A modified Kuan filtering coefficient which can better characterize the homogeneous and edge regions of SAR image is formed by using the local mean and variance calculated in the Frost filtered image to improve the estimation of SAR image scene parameters.

zh-cn	利用局部均值比与改进Kuan滤波系数分别作为新的相似性测量参量与自适应衰减因子，构建了一种更适应SAR图像乘性噪声特性的改进NLM滤波。
en-us	An improved NLM which adapts to the multiplicativenoise characteristics is constructed by the new similarity measurement parameter estimated by the local meanratio and the new adaptive decay factor estimated by the improved Kuan filtering coefficient.

zh-cn	利用偏平滑参数与偏边缘保护参数控制下的改进NLM滤波，分别替代经典Kuan滤波模型中的像素局部均值与自身灰度值作为加权项，并采用由改进Kuan滤波系数构建的自适应调节因子对二者进行加权平均，从而形成了一种可自适应调节滤波强度的加权滤波新模型。
en-us	A new weighted filtering model which can automatically adjust the filtering strength is formed. In the new model, the improved NLM filters controlled by the skew smoothing parameters and the skew edge protection parameters are used to replace the local average value of pixels and the gray value of pixels in the classic Kuan filter model as weighting items, and the adaptive adjustment factor constructed by the improved Kuan filter coefficient is used to weight the two items.

zh-cn	实验表明，该文算法与近期多种先进算法相比，具有更好的相干斑抑制与边缘保护性能。
en-us	Experimental results and comparisons with several advanced despeckling algorithms inrecent years show that the proposed algorithm has better speckle suppression and edge preservationperformance.

zh-cn	混合连续类相比较于传统连续类模型弱化了阻抗条件，简化了宽带匹配难度。
en-us	Compared with the traditional continuous model, the mixed continuous model weakens theimpedance condition and simplifies the difficulty of broadband matching.

zh-cn	该文通过采用混合连续类模型并基于阻抗缓冲概念为理论的新型谐波控制网络，设计了一款跨3个倍频层的混合连续类射频功率放大器。
en-us	In this paper, a new type of harmoniccontrol network used a hybrid continuous model and based on the concept of impedance buffering is designed todesign a hybrid continuous radio frequency power amplifier that spans three octave layers.

zh-cn	实测结果表明在0.3～3.5 GHz相对带宽为168.4%的频段范围内实现了漏极效率58.4%～72.6%，增益10 dB以上，输出功率为39.8～41.2 dBm。
en-us	The measured results show that the drain efficiency is 58.4%～72.6%, the gain is more than 10 dB, and the output power is39.8～41.2 dBm in the frequency range of 168.4% relative bandwidth of 0.3～3.5 GHz.

zh-cn	该文介绍了5G标准中LDPC码的特点，比较分析了各种译码算法的性能，提出了译码器实现的总体架构：将译码器分为高速译码器和低信噪比译码器。
en-us	This paper focuses on the Low-Density-Parity-Check (LDPC) decoder for 5G New Radio (NR)specification. After introducing the characteristics of the LDPC code in 5G NR, the performance of different decoding algorithms are compared, and then the overall architecture of the decoder is proposed. In the proposed architecture, the decoder is divided into high-speed decoder and high-performance decoder.

zh-cn	高速译码器适用于码率高、吞吐率要求高的情形，为译码器的主体；低信噪比译码器主要针对低码率、低信噪比下的高性能译码，处理一些极限情形下的通信，对吞吐率要求不高。
en-us	The high-speed decoder is intended for high-rate and high throughput decoding, while the high-performance decoder is used forlow-rate decoding under low Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR) scenarios, which is for communications underextremely bad situations, and does not need a high throughput.

zh-cn	分别对高速译码器和低信噪比译码器进行了设计实践，给出了FPGA综合结果和吞吐率分析结果。
en-us	The design is implemented on FieldProgrammable Gate Array (FPGA) and the results are shown.

zh-cn	ACE是国际轻量级密码算法标准化征集竞赛第2轮候选算法之一。
en-us	ACE as an authenticated encryption algorithm is selected as one of the round 2 candidates of the lightweight crypto standardization process.

zh-cn	该算法具有结构简洁，软硬件实现快、适用于资源受限环境等特点，其安全性备受业界广泛关注。
en-us	Since its excellent design advantages, e.g. simple structure, high performance in software and hardware, and suitable for constrained environments, the security of ACE is received extensive attention.

zh-cn	该文引入字传播轨迹新概念，构建了一个传播轨迹的描述模型，并给出一个可以自动化评估分组密码算法抵抗积分攻击能力的方法。
en-us	In this paper, the concept of word propagation trail is introduced, and an exactmodel is constructed to describe the trail. A new automatic method for evaluating the security of word-based cipher against the integral attack is also proposed by using this model.

zh-cn	基于ACE算法结构特点，将该自动化搜索方法应用于评估ACE算法的安全性。
en-us	Moreover, based on the structure ofACE, the security of ACE permutation is evaluated by using this new automatic method.

zh-cn	结果表明：ACE置换存在12步的积分区分器，需要的数据复杂度为2256，时间复杂度为2256次12步的ACE置换运算，存储复杂度为8 Byte。
en-us	More specifically, a new 12-step integral distinguisher of ACE permutation is verified by using this method, which requires the data complexity of about 2256 chosen data, the time complexity of about 2256 12-step ACE permutation operations, and the memory complexity of about 8 Byte.

zh-cn	相比于ACE算法设计者给出的积分区分器，该新区分器的步数提高了4步。
en-us	Compared with the distinguishers given by ACE’s designer, thisnew result prominently increases 4 steps indeed.

zh-cn	电阻点焊是多种因素交互作用的复杂过程。
en-us	Resistance spot welding is a complex process in which many factors interact.

zh-cn	该过程的复杂性加上数据规模小和工艺不稳定问题使得难以建立精确的数学模型来对电阻点焊参数进行预测。
en-us	Given the small size ofdata sets available and the complex nature of unstable processes, it is difficult to establish an accuratemathematical model to predict the parameters of resistance spot welding.

zh-cn	该文提出一种将贝叶斯极限梯度提升机(Bayes-XGBoost)与粒子群优化(PSO)算法结合的方法，对厚度为0.15 mm的镍片和0.4 mm的不锈钢电池正极帽选取合适的样本特征和样本组合；
en-us	An optimal computing method forsolving this problem is presented. The method combines Bayes-XGBoost with the Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) algorithm to select suitable features and to enable the optimal combinations of samples for 0.15 mmnickel sheets and for 0.4 mm stainless steel battery positive caps;

zh-cn	利用极限梯度提升机(XGBoost)的非线性切分能力和防控过拟合机制对点焊工艺参数进行正向训练，并引入贝叶斯优化为梯度提升机选取最佳超参数；
en-us	The non-linear slicing ability and anti-overfitting mechanism of eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) are used to train forward spot weldingparameters; and Bayesian optimization is applied to the XGBoost's optimal parameter selection.

zh-cn	利用粒子群优化算法的全局寻优能力，对可变目标值的工艺参数进行反向预测，从而得到最优工艺参数。
en-us	The method uses the global optimization feature of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to predict the backward process parameters with variable target values such that the optimal process parameters are obtained.

zh-cn	电阻点焊实验表明该方法比文中其他对比算法具有较强的综合性能，能够有效辅助点焊工艺。
en-us	Compared withother algorithms mentioned in this paper, this method offers more comprehensive performance and possessesbetter capabilities to effectively assist in the spot welding process, which are demonstrated by the resistancespot welding experiments performed.

zh-cn	随着车联网(IoV)的迅猛发展，请求进行任务卸载的汽车终端用户也逐渐增长，
en-us	With the rapid development of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), the number of cars and usersrequesting tasks offloading is also increasing.

zh-cn	而基于移动边缘计算(MEC)的通信网络能够有效地解决任务卸载在上行传输时延较高的挑战，但是该网络模型同时也面临着信道资源不足的问题。
en-us	The Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) can effectively solve the challenge of high offload transmission delays for task offloading in communication network, but there still is a problem that the channel resources are insufficient in the network model.

zh-cn	该文引入的非正交多址(NOMA)技术相较于正交多址(OMA)能够在相同的信道资源条件下为更多的用户提供任务卸载，同时考虑到任务卸载过程中多方面的影响因子，提出了混合NOMA-MEC卸载策略。
en-us	Compared with traditional Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA), the technology of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) can servicemore users with task offload under the same channel resource conditions.

zh-cn	该文设计了一种基于深度学习网络(DQN)的博弈算法，帮助车辆用户进行信道选择，并通过神经网络多次迭代学习，为用户提供最优的功率分配策略。
en-us	In this paper, considering the multipleaspects of task offloading impact factor, a mixed unloading strategy based on NOMA-MEC is proposed. A game algorithm based on Deep Q-learning Network (DQN) is designed to make channel selection for vehicle users and provide an optimal power allocation strategy through multiple iterative learning of neural networks.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该文所提出的混合NOMA-MEC卸载策略能够有效地优化多用户卸载的时延以及能耗，最大限度保证用户效益。
en-us	The simulation results show that the proposed hybrid NOMA-MEC offloading strategy can effectively optimize the multi-user offloading delay and energy consumption and ensure maximize the benefits of users.

zh-cn	为解决大位宽变长数据包情况下包尾数据的循环冗余校验(CRC)32算法处理存在的臃肿低效问题，将循环冗余校验算法变换为矩阵线性运算，利用逆矩阵反向回滚运算，得到正确的CRC运算结果；
en-us	In order to overcome the complicated implementation to process tail data in high bit-width CyclicRedundancy Check(CRC) calculation for variable length packet, linear matrix computation is used to investigate CRC inverse calculation. And a rollback algorithm is introduced to simplify the regular algorithm.

zh-cn	并在FPGA上进行了实验验证。
en-us	Then the experiment is conducted to implement the rollback algorithm in Altera FPGA device.

zh-cn	结果表明：回滚运算的算法可行，并且实现简单，资源占用少。
en-us	The results show that rollback algorithm utilizes fewer resource and is more easily to implement.

zh-cn	在512 bit位宽的情况下，回滚算法使得资源占用降低到了传统算法的15%；
en-us	In 512 bit data widthvariable length CRC calculation implement in FPGA, the resource utilization is decreased to 15% of regularalgorithm by applying rollback algorithm.

zh-cn	综合耗时降低到了传统算法的30%，布局/布线的耗时降低到了传统算法的40%。
en-us	Synthesis time is decreased to 30%, and Place&Route time is deceased to 40%. It is concluded that the new rollback algorithm has great advantage.

zh-cn	随着物联网(IoT)规模的不断发展，其业务需求呈现出多样化、全球化的趋势。
en-us	With the continuous development of the Internet of Things(IoT), its business demands show a trend of diversification and globalization.

zh-cn	针对地面物联网无法覆盖全球的缺点，卫星物联网尤其是低轨卫星星座(LEOSC)物联网可以有效地为地面物联网提供覆盖性能上的补充和延伸。
en-us	As the ground Internet of Things can not cover the whole world, the satellite IoT, especially the Low Earth Orbit Satellite Constellation (LEOSC) IoT, can supplement and extend the ground network.

zh-cn	由于低轨卫星星座物联网系统广覆盖、高动态的特点，其业务量统计特性需要考虑到环境因素造成的影响，这导致其业务量分布与地面物联网存在显著差异。
en-us	Due to the wide coverage and high dynamic characteristics of the LEOSC IoT system,there are significant differences between it and the ground IoT in terms of traffic statistics.

zh-cn	从合理高效利用星上有限资源角度出发，该文研究基于低轨卫星星座的全球物联网业务模型。
en-us	In order to make reasonable and efficient use of limited resources on board, the traffic model of global Internet of Things based on LEOSC is studied in this paper.

zh-cn	结合多样化的业务特点以及卫星通信系统特性，采用统计建模理论，得出了全球物联网业务模型框架。
en-us	Combined with diversified traffic characteristics and satellite communication system characteristics, the framework of global IoT traffic model is obtained by using statistical modeling theory.

zh-cn	并且初步提出了一种基于最高优先级的接入策略，以供设备节点实时选择接入的卫星。
en-us	What’s more, an access strategy based on the highest priority is proposed to enable the device node to select the satellite in real time.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明：泊松过程可以用于近似模拟低轨卫星物联网中大量存在的异步流量的叠加过程；由于低轨卫星具有高动态性，其业务源高速变化，导致了卫星业务忙闲不均，峰均比(PAR)较高。
en-us	The simulation results show that the Poisson process can be used to simulate approximately the superposition process of asynchronous traffic commonly exist in LEOSC IoT, and due to the high dynamic nature of low earth orbit satellite, its traffic source changes at high speed, resulting in high Peak-to-Average Ratio(PAR) of traffic.

zh-cn	带通采样和数字信号处理技术使得数字光载射频(DRoF)通信系统在射频信号传输中具有显著优势，而且系统通过进一步采用数据压缩技术可实现多服务信号的低比特率传输。
en-us	Taking the advantage of the parallel development of electronic sampling systems and signalprocessing, Digital Radio-over-Fiber (DRoF) is studied extensively as a way of providing multi-servicetransmission at low-bit rate through data compression.

zh-cn	然而，系统进行数据压缩的同时会极大降低输入动态范围。
en-us	However, the dynamic range is greatly lowered afterdata compression in the system.

zh-cn	基于对数据压缩参数的理论分析，该文提出一种新型快速两级自动增益控制(FST-AGC)算法。该算法采用周期内多阈值判定机制来调整链路增益，具有高稳定、准确和快速响应等特性。
en-us	Based on the theoretical analysis of the compression parameters, a novel Fast-Settling Two-stage Automatic Gain Control (FST-AGC) algorithm is proposed, in which gain adjustment settling is carried out by multi-threshold decision mechanism with a fast-settling times, high stability and great accuracy.

zh-cn	通过在数字域和模拟(RF)域进行两级自动增益控制，系统的输入动态范围大大提高。
en-us	By introducing a novel gain control mechanism which simultaneously adjusts the gain in digital domain and Radio Frequency (RF) domain, the dynamic range of the system increases significantly.

zh-cn	该算法被成功应用到能够同时支持3家移动运营商(MONs)所有服务的多服务低速率DRoF系统中。
en-us	Thisalgorithm has been applied to a DRoF system which supports the low-bit rate transmission of all services of 3China Mobile Network Operators (MONs) successfully.

zh-cn	理论计算、软件仿真和系统测试结果都验证了该算法具有显著优势和良好性能。
en-us	The theoretical analysis, the simulation results and theexperimental data all prove the validity of the proposed algorithm.

zh-cn	该算法可应用在其他各种新型网络通信系统中，如物联网(IoT)、射频识别(RFID)和未来的5G通信系统。
en-us	Its promising properties and excellentperformance enable its potential application to emerging networks, such as Internet of Things (IoT), RadioFrequency Intification (RFID) and the incoming 5G network.

zh-cn	针对低信噪比 (SNR)下存在多径效应的传统单通道异步长码直接序列码分多址(DS-CDMA)信号伪码序列(PN)及信息序列难估计问题，该文提出一种基于平行因子的多通道盲估计方法。
en-us	For the problem of long code Direct Sequence-Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) signal in traditional asynchronous single-channel with multipath effect under low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), including blind estimation of the Pseudo-Noise (PN) sequence and information sequence, a method using multi-channel synchronous and asynchronous based on parallel factor is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法先将接收到的多径信号建模为多通道模型，
en-us	Firstly, the received signal in multipathenvironment is modeled as a multi-channel receiving model.

zh-cn	然后将长码DS-CDMA信号建模成短码DS-CDMA信号的缺失数据模型，形成观测缺失数据矩阵，并将其等效为缺失平行因子模型，
en-us	And then the long code DS-CDMA signal ismodeled as the short code DS-CDMA signal with missing data to form the observation missing-data matrix,which is equivalent to a parallel factor model with missing data.

zh-cn	最后利用正则交替最小二乘法(ALS)对缺失平行因子进行低秩分解，实现多径环境下长码DS-CDMA信号各用户伪码序列及信息序列的盲估计。
en-us	Finally, the regularized Alternating LeastSquares (ALS) algorithm is applied to decompose the parallel factor, and the PN sequence and informationsequence of long code DS-CDMA signals in multipath environment can be further estimated.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，序列的估计性能与多径环境密切相关，且在莱斯因子为10，多径路数为3，通道数为4，用户数为6，信噪比大于–10 dB的条件下，伪码序列及信息序列的估计错误率均低于1%。
en-us	Simulation results show that the performance of sequences estimation closely relates with the multipath environment, and the estimation error rate of 6 user PN sequences and information sequence is less than 1% under the condition that the Rician factor is equal to 10 and the number of path and channel are 3 and 4 respectively when the SNR is higher than -10 dB.

zh-cn	针对移动边缘计算(MEC)中用户的卸载任务及卸载频率可能使用户被攻击者锁定的问题，该文提出一种基于k-匿名的隐私保护计算卸载方法。
en-us	Users’ offloading tasks and offloading frequencies in Mobile Edge Computing(MEC) may cause usersto be locked out. A privacy-preserving computation offloading method based on k-anonymity is proposed in thispaper.

zh-cn	首先，该方法基于用户间卸载任务及其卸载频率的差异性，提出隐私约束并建立基于卸载频率的隐私保护计算卸载模型；
en-us	Firstly, based on the differences between offloading tasks and their frequencies, privacy constraint isproposed to establish a privacy-preserving computation offloading model based on offloading frequency;

zh-cn	然后，提出基于模拟退火的隐私保护计算卸载算法(PCOSA)求得最优的k-匿名分组结果和组内各任务的隐私约束频率；
en-us	Then, aPrivacy-preserving Computation Offloading algorithm based on Simulated Annealing (PCOSA) is utilized toobtain the optimal k-anonymous groups and the privacy constraint frequency of each task;

zh-cn	最后，在卸载过程中改变用户原始卸载频率满足隐私约束，最小化终端能耗。
en-us	Finally, the user’soriginal offloading frequencies are changed to meet the privacy constraint while minimizing terminal energyconsumption.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，PCOSA算法能找出用户所处MEC节点下与用户卸载表现最相近的k个用户形成匿名集，有效保护了所有用户隐私。
en-us	Simulation results validate that the PCOSA can find out k users with the closest offloading performance to form anonymous sets, which protects effectively the privacy of all users.

zh-cn	机票动态定价旨在构建机票售价策略以最大化航班座位收益。
en-us	The core of the dynamic flight pricing is to yield a pricing strategy with maximum seat revenue.

zh-cn	现有机票定价算法都建立在提前预测各票价等级的需求量基础之上，会因票价等级需求量的预测偏差而降低模型性能。
en-us	The state-of-the-art flight pricing approaches are built on forecasting the fare demand. They suffer low profit due to the inaccurate prediction.

zh-cn	为此，提出基于策略学习的机票动态定价算法，其核心是不再预测各票价等级的需求量，而是将机票动态定价问题建模为离线强化学习问题。
en-us	To tackle the above issue, an approach for dynamic flight pricing based on strategy learning is proposed.

zh-cn	通过设计定价策略评估和策略更新的方式，从历史购票数据上学习具有最大期望收益的机票动态定价策略。
en-us	That approach resorts to reinforcement learning to output pricing strategy with the highest expected return.

zh-cn	同时设计了与现行定价策略和需求量预测方法的对比方法及评价指标。
en-us	That strategy is learned by iteratively policy evaluation and policy improvement.

zh-cn	在两趟航班的多组定价结果表明：相比于现行机票销售策略，策略学习算法在座位收益上的提升率分别为30.94%和39.96%，且比基于需求量预测方法提升了6.04%和3.36%。
en-us	The rate of profit improvement on the two flights is empirically 30.94% and 39.96% over the existing pricing strategy, while that rate is 6.04% and 3.36% over the demand forecasting algorithm.

zh-cn	该文提出了基于超像素级卷积神经网络(sp-CNN)的多聚焦图像融合算法。
en-us	This paper proposes a multi-focus image fusion algorithm based on super pixel-level ConvolutionalNeural Network (sp-CNN).

zh-cn	该方法首先对源图像进行多尺度超像素分割，将获取的超像素输入sp-CNN，并对输出的初始分类映射图进行连通域操作得到初始决策图；
en-us	In this method, multi-scale super pixel segmentation is firstly applied to the sourceimage to obtain the super pixels.

zh-cn	然后根据多幅初始决策图的异同获得不确定区域，并利用空间频率对其再分类，得到阶段决策图；
en-us	Secondly, the sp-CNN is proposed to acquire the initial decision maps.Thirdly, according to the similarities and differences of the multiple initial decision maps, the uncertain regionis reclassified by spatial frequency to obtain the phase decision map.

zh-cn	最后利用形态学对阶段决策图进行后处理，并根据所得的最终决策图融合图像。
en-us	At last, the final decision map is achievedto fuse the source images by post-processing the phase decision graph with morphology.

zh-cn	该文算法直接利用超像素分割块进行图像融合，其相较以往利用重叠块的融合算法可达到降低时间复杂度的目的，同时可获得较好的融合效果。
en-us	Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves the goal of reducing time complexity and attains better fusion effect compared with the state-of-the-art fusion methods which utilize overlapping blocks.

zh-cn	在有向网络拓扑下，该文研究了2阶大时滞多智能体系统的一致性，提出具有加权项的时滞状态导数反馈协议，改进了大通讯时滞导致系统震荡的问题。
en-us	Under the directed network topology, the consensus of the second order multi-agent system withlarge communication delay is studied, the protocol of delayed-state-derivative feedback with weighting term isproposed, which improves the problem of system oscillation caused by large communication delay.

zh-cn	首先引入具有加权项的时滞状态导数反馈协议，并给出2阶多智能体系统的闭环形式；
en-us	Firstly, thedelayed-state-derivative feedback protocol with weighting term is introduced, and the closed-loop form of thesecond-order multi-agent system is given.

zh-cn	然后采用频域分析法求出2阶多智能体系统渐近实现稳态一致的充要条件，并证明与传统一致性协议相比，2阶多智能体系统在具有加权项的时滞状态导数反馈协议下能够容忍更大的通讯时滞；
en-us	Then, the sufficient and necessary conditions for the asymptoticsteady-state consensus of the second-order multi-agent system are obtained by using the frequency domainanalysis method, and it is proved that the second-order multi-agent system can tolerate the greatercommunication delay under the delayed-state-derivative feedback protocol with weighting term.

zh-cn	最后通过数值仿真验证了具有加权项的时滞状态导数反馈协议的优势。
en-us	Finally, the advantage of the delayed-state-derivative feedback protocol with weighting term is verified by numericalsimulation.

zh-cn	外辐射源雷达采用不可控的第三方辐射源，其电磁传播条件复杂，尤其是在低空目标探测中，检测性能极大地受到杂波特性的影响，使得传统恒虚警算法性能明显下降。
en-us	Passive radar uses third party radiation source, which is uncontrollable. Due to the complicatedelectromagnetic propagation conditions, especially in a low altitude target detection, the detection performanceof the radar is greatly affected by clutters, leading to significant degradation of the performance of traditionalconstant false alarm algorithm.

zh-cn	为了改善检测性能，该文提出一种基于雷达杂波空间划分的动态有序矩阵恒虚警检测算法(DOM-CFAR)。
en-us	In order to improve the detection performance, a Dynamic Ordered MatrixConstant False Alarm Rate (DOM-CFAR) algorithm based on radar clutter space partition is proposed.

zh-cn	该算法将杂波空间从距离和多普勒维进行划分，构造为有序矩阵，再根据背景杂波变化进行动态极值替换、提取杂波估计中值用以计算检测阈值，从而使得检测算法阈值可动态适应杂波功率变化。
en-us	In thisalgorithm, an ordered matrix is constructed after dividing the clutter space from distance and Dopplerdimension. Then the dynamic extreme value is replaced according to the background clutter change and theestimated median value of clutter is extracted so as to calculate the detection threshold. This algorithm makesthe threshold value of detection can dynamically adapt to the clutter power change.

zh-cn	仿真和实测结果表明，该算法可以在均匀杂波、多目标和杂波边缘等复杂情况下保持稳定的检测性能。
en-us	The simulation and measurement results show that the algorithm can maintain excellent detection performance under the complex environment with uniform clutter, multi-target and clutter edge.

zh-cn	针对城市短时交通流序列非线性和混沌性的特点，为提高短时交通流的预测精度，该文提出一种基于多维时空的非线性主成分分析(NPCA)和相空间重构(PSR)的改进灰色(IGM(1,1))组合预测模型。
en-us	In view of the nonlinear and chaos of urban short-term traffic flow sequence, this article proposes acombined prediction model based on multi-dimensional spatio-temporal Nonlinear Principal ComponentAnalysis (NPCA) and Phase Space Reconstructed (PSR) Improved Gray Model (IGM(1,1)) in order to improveits forecast accuracy.

zh-cn	首先，使用数据相关性的非线性主成分分析算法对多维交通流量序列进行时空降维，同时保留影响预测点的主要交通流量数据，从而提高建模的精确度；
en-us	First, the data correlation NPCA algorithm is used to reduce the spatial and temporal dimensions of multi-dimensional traffic flow sequences, while preserving the main traffic flow data that affects the predicted points, so as to improve the accuracy of the modeling.

zh-cn	其次，利用多维时空交通流量序列相空间重构放大交通流量内部的细微特征，以使其内在规律得以充分展现，进一步提升预测精度；
en-us	Phase space reconstruction amplifies the subtle features inside the traffic flow, so that its internal laws can be fully displayed, and improve further the prediction accuracy.

zh-cn	最后，结合背景值改进的灰色模型适应于线性、非线性以及所需数据少的特点，进行短时交通流预测。
en-us	Finally, the gray model combined with the improved background value is adapted to thecharacteristics of linearity, non-linearity and less required data.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，NPCA-PSR-IGM(1,1)组合预测模型的平均相对误差相比NPCA-PSR-GM(1,1)组合预测模型减小3.12%，其标准偏差相对PCA-PSR-IGM(1,1)组合预测模型从15.7091下降到2.0589。
en-us	Short-term traffic flow is predicted. Theexperimental results show that the average relative error of the NPCA-PSR-IGM (1,1) combination predictionmodel is 3.12% smaller than that of the NPCA-PSR-GM (1,1) combination prediction model, and its standarddeviation is relative to the PCA-PSR-IGM (1,1) combination prediction model has dropped from 15.7091 to2.0589.

zh-cn	同时与最新的预测模型相比，该组合预测模型也提高了预测精度，达到了较好的预测效果。
en-us	At the same time, compared with the latest prediction model, the combined prediction model alsoimproves the prediction accuracy and achieves a better prediction effect.

zh-cn	在解决射频识别(RFID)标签天线设计中阻抗计算速度慢的问题的过程中，针对其中较为复杂的阻抗耦合情况，该文提出一种基于多项式的弯折偶极子RFID标签天线阻抗预测方法。
en-us	In the process of solving the problem of slow impedance calculation speed in the design of Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) tag antenna, a method of impedance prediction based on polynomial for folded dipole RFID tag antenna is proposed in view of the complex impedance coupling.

zh-cn	首先使用基于天线尺寸的阻抗变换与线性化假设建立模型假设；然后在具体的天线结构中收集数据并进行相关性分析与回归拟合验证假设正确性；
en-us	Firstly, impedancetransformation based on antenna size and linearization assumption are used to establish model hypothesis.Then the data are collected from the antenna structure and the correlation analysis and regression fitting arecarried out to verify the validity of the hypothesis.

zh-cn	最后实验验证使用该方法进行的阻抗预测相对于计算机仿真的准确性、高效性与普适性。
en-us	Finally, the accuracy, efficiency and universality of theimpedance prediction method compared with computer simulation are verified by experiments.

zh-cn	试验结果表明，使用该方法替代计算机进行弯折偶极子RFID标签天线阻抗计算时，其预测阻抗相对于计算机仿真结果在保持较高预测准确率的同时极大地缩短了阻抗计算时间，同时该方法在中国应用频段上针对不同弯折次数的弯折偶极子RFID标签天线仍然适用。
en-us	Theexperimental results show that the predicted impedance can greatly shorten the calculation time whilemaintaining high prediction accuracy when the proposed method replace computer to calculate the impedanceof the folded dipole RFID tag antenna, and the method is still applicable to the RFID tag antenna withdifferent bending times in the frequency band used in China.

zh-cn	随机梯度下降算法(SGD)随机使用一个样本估计梯度，造成较大的方差，使机器学习模型收敛减慢且训练不稳定。
en-us	The Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) algorithm randomly picks up a sample to estimate gradients,creating big variance which reduces the convergence speed and makes the training unstable.

zh-cn	该文提出一种基于方差缩减的分布式SGD，命名为DisSAGD。
en-us	A Distributed SGDbased on Average variance reduction, called DisSAGD is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法采用历史梯度平均方差缩减来更新机器学习模型中的参数，不需要完全梯度计算或额外存储，而是通过使用异步通信协议来共享跨节点的参数。
en-us	The method uses the average variancereduction based on historical gradients to update parameters in the machine learning model, requiring littlegradient calculation and additional storage, but using the asynchronous communication protocol to shareparameters across nodes.

zh-cn	为了解决全局参数分发存在的“更新滞后”问题，该文采用具有加速因子的学习速率和自适应采样策略：
en-us	In order to solve the “update staleness” problem of global parameter distribution, alearning rate with an acceleration factor and an adaptive sampling strategy are included:

zh-cn	一方面当参数偏离最优值时，增大加速因子，加快收敛速度；
en-us	on the one hand,when the parameter deviates from the optimal value, the acceleration factor is increased to speed up theconvergence;

zh-cn	另一方面，当一个工作节点比其他工作节点快时，为下一次迭代采样更多样本，使工作节点有更多时间来计算局部梯度。
en-us	on the other hand, when one work node is faster than the other ones, more samples are sampledfor the next iteration, so that the node has more time to calculate the local gradient.

zh-cn	实验表明：DisSAGD显著减少了循环迭代的等待时间，加速了算法的收敛，其收敛速度比对照方法更快，在分布式集群中可以获得近似线性的加速。
en-us	Experiments show that the DisSAGD reduces significantly the waiting time of loop iterations, accelerates the convergence of the algorithm being faster than that of the controlled methods, and obtains almost linear acceleration in distributed cluster environments.

zh-cn	基于成像场景散射强度稀疏表示的3维雷达成像结果对目标的外形几何细节体现较差，不利于目标识别。
en-us	The three-Dimensional (3D) radar imaging methods based on sparse representation by the scattering intensity of imaging sceen has a poor representation of geometric details on the shape of the target, which isn’t conducive to target recognition.

zh-cn	该文首先分析了目标在成像场景内散射强度的结构化特征，
en-us	Firstly, the structural characteristics of scattering intensity in the imagingscenario are analyzed in this paper.

zh-cn	然后以散射点梯度信息进行了结构化稀疏表示，构建了基于目标散射强度梯度变化的结构化稀疏重构模型，
en-us	Then, by the structured sparse representation with the gradient informationof scattering points, a structured sparse reconstruction model is constructed.

zh-cn	最后通过改进的联合正交匹配追踪算法重构出目标3维图像。
en-us	Finally, the 3D imaging result isreconstructed by a improved joint Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) algorithm.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该方法具有较好的抗噪性能和成像质量，可以更好地反映目标外形几何特征。
en-us	The experimental resultsshow that the proposed method has good anti-noise and imaging quality, and can reflect the geometric detailsof the target.

zh-cn	虹膜识别面临两个重要的问题：一是如何精细分解与重构虹膜球面图像；
en-us	Iris recognition faces two important issues.

zh-cn	二是如何识别虹膜图特征。
en-us	They are how to decompose finely and reconstruct the spherical image of the iris, and how to identify the characteristics of the iris.

zh-cn	虹膜表面几何位置信息是一种重要的信号，传统的虹膜识别通常使用虹膜图像的平面特征，然而人的眼睛是一种球体，从平面图像难以提取到虹膜球体的几何特征。
en-us	Conventional iris recognition uses usually the planar features of these iris images. However, the human eye is a sphere. The geometric positioninformation of the iris surface is an important signal, but it is difficult to extract the geometric features of theiris sphere from the planar image.

zh-cn	针对平面特征容易出现虹膜纹理的扭曲和失真等问题，该文建议一种正交对称的球面Haar小波(OSSHW)基，对球面虹膜信号进行多尺度分解与重构，获得更精细的虹膜曲面几何特征，同时对比球谐函数和半正交或正交球面Haar小波基的虹膜球面信号特征提取能力。
en-us	Considering the issue that the plane features are prone to distortion and lackfidelity of iris texture, an Orthogonal and Symmetric Spherical Haar Wavelet (OSSHW) basis is proposed todecompose and reconstruct the spherical iris signal to obtain stronger geometric features of iris surface. Thecomparison of the feature extraction ability to spherical signal by the spherical harmonics and the typical semi-orthogonal or nearly orthogonal spherical Haar wavelet is also presented.

zh-cn	在此基础上，该文提出一种基于卷积神经网络(CNN)和正交对称的球面Haar小波的虹膜识别方法，它能够有效捕获虹膜球体曲面的局部精细特征，比半正交或正交球面Haar小波基具有更强的虹膜识别能力。
en-us	And then, an iris recognition methodbased on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) + OSSHW is proposed, which can effectively capture the localfine features of iris spherical surface, and has stronger ability in iris recognition than semi-orthogonal or nearlyorthogonal spherical Haar wavelet bases.

zh-cn	Bisecting K-means算法通过使用一组初始中心对分割簇，得到多个二分聚类结果，然后从中选优以减轻局部最优收敛问题对算法性能的不良影响。
en-us	The algorithm of Bisecting K-means obtains multiple clustering results by using a set of initial centerpairs to segment a cluster, and then selects the best from them to mitigate the adverse effect of the localoptimal convergence on the performance of the algorithm.

zh-cn	然而，现有的随机采样初始中心对生成方法存在效率低、稳定性差、缺失值等不同问题，难以胜任大数据聚类场景。
en-us	However, the current methods of random sampling togenerate initial center pairs for Bisecting K-means have some problems, such as low efficiency, poor stability,missing values and so on, which are not competent for big data clustering.

zh-cn	针对这些问题，该文首先创建出了初始中心对组合三角阵和初始中心对编号三角阵，
en-us	In order to solve these problems,firstly the lower triangular matrix composed by the pairs of initial centers and the lower triangular matrixcomposed by serial numbers of the pairs of initial centers are created.

zh-cn	然后通过建立两矩阵中元素及元素位置间的若干映射，从而实现了一种从随机整数集合中生成二分聚类初始中心对的线性复杂度算法。
en-us	Then, by establishing several mappingsbetween the elements and their positions in the two matrices, a linear complexity algorithm is proposed togenerate initial center pairs from the set of random integers.

zh-cn	理论分析与实验结果均表明，该方法的时间效率及效率稳定性均明显优于常用的随机采样方法，特别适用于高维大数据聚类场景。
en-us	Both theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the time efficiency and efficiency stability of this method are significantly better than the current methods of random sampling, so it is particularly suitable for these scenarios of high-dimensional big data clustering.

zh-cn	针对复杂环境下常规直方图信号分选算法对于参差信号分选能力不佳的问题，该文提出一种基于脉冲间隔与单个脉冲关联的直方图算法。
en-us	For the conventional histogram signal deinterleaving algorithm’s drawback of stagger signal, ahistogram algorithm based on corresponding of pulse interval and single pulse is proposed.

zh-cn	该算法根据脉冲间隔与单个脉冲的对应关系建立了脉冲间隔分布矩阵(PIDM)，然后通过对PIDM行列的累加计算，得到一种新的直方图，
en-us	This algorithmutilizes the corresponding of pulse pair interval and single pulse to get a matrix named Pulse IntervalDistribution Matrix (PIDM), and a novel histogram is obtained via cumulating row of the matrix.

zh-cn	该直方图可避免传统脉冲重复间隔(PRI)变换算法在分选参差信号时对于参差信号帧周期过多抑制的缺陷，且能够通过PIDM对辐射源脉冲串进行序列提取，进而得到参差子序列的周期值。
en-us	This histogram can avoid the suppressing of frame period of staggered pulse train caused by Pulse RepetitionIntervals (PRI) transform algorithm when staggering signal deinterleaving, and can extract the subsequence of pulse train through PIDM.

zh-cn	仿真分析结果表明，在不增加计算复杂度的情况下，该算法对存在多部参差辐射源和固定重频辐射源的混合场景仍可保持良好的分选效果。
en-us	Simulation results show the algorithm has excellent performance on environmentincluding multi staggered pulse trains with multi-fixed pulse trains under the circumstance of without addingthe complexity of calculating.

zh-cn	为提高移动机器人在同步定位和地图构建(SLAM)中的定位精度，该文提出一种基于自组织可增长映射(GSOM)的仿生定位算法。
en-us	In order to improve the positioning accuracy of mobile robots in Simultaneous Localization AndMapping (SLAM), a bionic localization algorithm based on Growing Self-Organizing Map(GSOM) neuralnetwork is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法将位置细胞的激活特性和神经网络输出层神经元建立响应连接，通过GSOM神经网络构建空间的拓扑地图，利用感知距离信息实现位置细胞的激活响应从而估计机器人位置，以此还原机器人的运行路径。
en-us	The method connects the activation characteristics of the place cells with the neuralnetwork output layer neurons to establish a response, and constructs a spatial topology map through theGSOM neural network, and uses the perceived distance information to realize the activation response of theplace cells to estimate the position of the robot. The running path of the robot is restored in this way.

zh-cn	实验结果表明细胞间隔R对定位精度有较大影响，选取合适的细胞间隔能有效地减少神经网络的学习时间，提高定位精度，
en-us	The experimental results show that the cell spacing R has a great influence on the positioning accuracy. Choosingthe appropriate cell spacing can effectively reduce the learning time of the neural network and improve thepositioning accuracy.

zh-cn	该文算法平均误差在0.153 m以内，定位精度达到90.243%，均优于原有算法。
en-us	The average error of the algorithm is less than 0.153 m, and the positioning accuracy is90.243%, which is better than the original algorithm.

zh-cn	经验证该文算法建立的模型能够实现机器人的空间位置表征，提高了机器人在实验场景下的定位精度，表现出良好的位置估计性能。
en-us	It is verified that the model established by the algorithmcan realize the spatial position representation of the robot, improves the positioning accuracy of the objectunder the experimental scene, and shows good position estimation performance.

zh-cn	图像缩放技术要求对图像缩放的同时保证重要信息不丢失且物体边缘不发生扭曲。
en-us	Image retargeting technologies require important information preservation and less edge distortionduring increasing/decreasing image size.

zh-cn	近年来，SeamCarving及其改进算法得到了广泛的关注和研究。
en-us	The seam carving based algorithms, as the classic retargeting model,receive widespread attention in recent years.

zh-cn	由于采用了离散式最小能量线迭代搜索策略，缩放信息无法在迭代过程中传递导致扭曲现象普遍存在。
en-us	However, because of the discrete least energy seam searchingstrategy, the retargeting information can not be passed generation by generation, which causes retargetingdistortions to prevail.

zh-cn	该文针对上述问题提出最小位移可视差(JND)检测算法，能够有效地检测每一次迭代中出现的潜在扭曲信息。
en-us	To solve this problem, the Just Noticeable Distortion (JND) algorithm is proposed todetect the potential distribution of distortion information.

zh-cn	能量权重能够将JND信息累加传递给后续的迭代过程，从而抑制缩放过程中的边缘扭曲现象。
en-us	Through the proposed energy weight Ew, the JNDinformation can be passed to the following retargeting iteration for distortion reduction.

zh-cn	通过JND算法和能量权重，该文首次将离散的Seam Carving模型转变为连续缩放模型。最后，在公共数据集RetargetMe上与最新的图像缩放算法进行多组对比实验，验证了所提方法的有效性和先进性。
en-us	According to the bestknowledge, it is the first time to propose the seam carving algorithm in continuous way by the JND algorithmand energy weight, are the promising results also demonstrated compared with several new approaches atpublic database ‘Retarget Me’, qualitatively and quantitatively.

zh-cn	该文研究到达角度(AOA)协同定位下无人机路径优化问题。
en-us	An optimal path planning problem is investigated for Angle-Of-Arrival (AOA) source localizationusing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with passive sensors.

zh-cn	考虑实际AOA量测噪声方差是目标-传感器距离的函数，距离相关噪声特性使得AOA定位难度增加。
en-us	The more realistic model is considered where the variance of AOA measurement noises is a function of the source-to-sensor distances, which complicates AOA-based source localization.

zh-cn	为了更好地适应量测噪声随距离变化特性，该文提出一种变增益无迹卡尔曼滤波算法。
en-us	A modified Variable Gain Unscented Kalman Filter (VG-UKF)isdeveloped to adapt to distance-dependent variance of AOA measurement noises.

zh-cn	随后，给出了距离相关噪声AOA定位下广义克劳美罗下界(GCRLB)。
en-us	The Generalized Cramer-RaoLower Bound (GCRLB) of AOA localization is calculated.

zh-cn	在此基础上理论分析了无约束最优传感器位置分布和约束条件下最优传感器位置分布。
en-us	Further, the unconstrained optimal sensor placementand constrained optimal sensor placement are theoretically analyzed.

zh-cn	以GCRLB的迹最小化为目标函数建立AOA协同定位下多无人机路径规划问题，采用罚函数和LM算法优化求解，仿真验证了所提算法的有效性。
en-us	Then a path planning model for UAVs is constructed with minimizing the trace of GCRLB, which is solved optimally with penalty function and LM (Levenberg-Marquardt) algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is illustrated with simulation results.

zh-cn	针对网络流量分类过程中出现的类不平衡问题，该文提出一种基于加权对称不确定性(WSU)和近似马尔科夫毯(AMB)的特征选择算法。
en-us	Class imbalance always exists in the process of network traffic classification. Considering the problem, a new feature selection algorithm using Weighted Symmetric Uncertainty (WSU) and Approximate Markov Blanket (AMB) is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，根据类别分布信息，定义了偏向于小类别的特征度量，使得与小类别具有强相关性的特征更容易被选择出来；
en-us	Firstly, a feature metric is defined using category distribution information, whichis biased to minority classes. This makes it easier pick out features which have strong correlation with minorityclasses.

zh-cn	其次，充分考虑特征与类别间、特征与特征之间的相关性，利用加权对称不确定性和近似马尔科夫毯删除不相关特征及冗余特征；
en-us	Then, considering the correlation between features and categories and between features and features,the weighted symmetry uncertainty and approximate Markov blanket are used to delete the unrelated featuresand redundant features.

zh-cn	最后，利用基于相关性度量的特征评估函数以及序列搜索算法进一步降低特征维数，确定最优特征子集。
en-us	Finally, the feature dimension is further reduced to determine the optimal featuresubset, by using feature evaluation functions based on correlation measures and sequence search algorithms.

zh-cn	实验表明，在保证算法整体分类精确率的前提下，算法能够有效提高小类别的分类性能。
en-us	The experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm can effectively improve the classification performanceof minority classes without sacrificing the accuracy of the overall classification.

zh-cn	该文研究了多小区混合非正交多址接入(MC-hybrid NOMA)网络的资源分配。
en-us	Resource allocation in Multi-Cell hybrid Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access-orthogonal multiple access(MC-hybrid NOMA) networks is studied in this paper.

zh-cn	为满足异构用户的服务体验，以最大化全网综合平均意见评分(MOS)累加和为目标，考虑基站选择、信道接入和功率资源分配的联合优化问题，该文提出一种用户、基站和信道3方的2阶段转移匹配算法，并根据用户MOS进行子信道功率优化。
en-us	To satisfy the Quality of Experience (QoE) of differentservice types of users, an algorithm joint user-BS association, sub-channel assignment and power allocation isproposed to maximize the sum Mean Opinion Scores (MOSs) of users in the networks. A low-complexity two-step approach based on matching game theory and developed power allocation strategy based on QoEproportional fairness are proposed.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明所提多小区混合NOMA网络资源分配方案能有效提升全网用户服务体验和公平性。
en-us	Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectivelyimprove the system performance and fairness.

zh-cn	针对5G通信技术高传输速率、多业务场景的挑战，该文提出一种组件化的软件定义无线接入网络新架构。
en-us	In view of the challenges of 5G communication technology with high speed and multiple servicescenarios, this paper proposes a new component-based Software Defined wireless access Network (SDN)architecture.

zh-cn	该架构在5G接入网集中单元(CU)，分布单元(DU)，有源天线单元(AAU)架构的基础上，进一步朝组件化方向演进，形成一种由集中控制单元(CCU), CU, DU，射频单元(RU)，AAU等组件化通信单元组成的新架构。
en-us	Based on the architecture of Centralized Unit (CU), Distributed Unit (DU) and Active AntennaUnit(AAU) in 5G access network, further component-based evolution is carried out to form a new architecturecomposed the communication units of Centralized Control Unit (CCU), CU, DU, Radio Unit(RU), and AAU.

zh-cn	这种新架构既有利于切片化、虚拟化实现无线接入网，又有利于应用分布式计算技术和硬件加速技术突破通用处理器的计算能力瓶颈，还能降低DU与AAU之间的前传压力。
en-us	This new architecture is not only conducive to the realization of wireless access network with slicing andvirtualization, but also conducive to the adoption of distributed computing technology and hardwareaccelerating technology to break through the processing bottleneck of general-purpose processor, and reduce theforward transmission pressure between DU and AAU.

zh-cn	该文还研制了基于此架构的组件化软基站试验原型并进行了测试，
en-us	In this paper, a prototype of component-based soft basestation is developed and tested.

zh-cn	结果表明该组件化方案在提供高度灵活性的同时，还能够提升通用处理器软基站的吞吐能力，并有效降低远端站址传输流量。
en-us	The results show that the component-based scheme can not only provide highflexibility, but also improve the processing capacity of the general processor soft base station and reduceeffectively the traffic of remote stations.

zh-cn	现有的基于分割的场景文本检测方法仍较难区分相邻文本区域，同时网络得到分割图后后处理阶段步骤复杂导致模型检测效率较低。
en-us	Existing segmentation based methods have problems, such as the difficulty in distinguishing adjacenttext areas and the low efficiency of model detection caused by the complex steps in the post-processing stage.

zh-cn	为了解决此问题，该文提出一种新颖的基于全卷积网络的场景文本检测模型。
en-us	Inorder to solve this problem, this article proposes a novel scene text detection model based on fully convolutionalnetwork, which can solve the problem that adjacent texts are difficult to distinguish in existing methods andimprove the detection speed of the model.

zh-cn	首先，该文构造特征提取器对输入图像提取多尺度特征图。
en-us	First, it constructs a feature extractor to extract multi-scale featuremap from the input image.

zh-cn	其次，使用双向特征融合模块融合两个平行分支特征的语义信息并促进两个分支共同优化。
en-us	Secondly, the bidirectional feature fusion module is used to fuse the semanticinformation of the two parallel branches and promote the joint optimization of the two branches.

zh-cn	之后，该文通过并行地预测缩小的文本区域图和完整的文本区域图来有效地区分相邻文本。
en-us	It then effectively differentiates adjacent texts by predicting both a reduced text area map and a full text area map in parallel.

zh-cn	其中前者可以保证不同的文本实例之间具有区分性，而后者能有效地指导网络优化。
en-us	The former can guarantee the distinction between different text instances, while the latter caneffectively guide the network optimization.

zh-cn	最后，为了提升文本检测的速度，该文提出一个快速且有效的后处理算法来生成文本边界框。
en-us	Finally, in order to improve the speed of text detection, it proposesa fast and effective post-processing algorithm to generate text boundary boxes.

zh-cn	实验结果表明：在相关数据集上，该文所提出的方法均实现了最好的效果，且比目前最好的方法在F-measure指标上最多提升了1.0%，并且可以实现将近实时的速度，充分证明了该方法的有效性和高效性。
en-us	The experimental results showthat: on relative datasets, the method proposed in this article achieves the best performance, and improves theF-measure index by 1.0% at most compared with the current best method, and can achieve near-real-timespeed, which proves fully the effectiveness and high efficiency of the method.

zh-cn	当信道存在时间-频率双选择性时，严重的子载波间干扰和子符号间干扰将导致广义频分复用(GFDM)系统性能显著下降。
en-us	The performance of Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) systems significantlydegrades over time-frequency doubly selective channels due to the severe inter-carrier interference and inter-subsymbol interference.

zh-cn	为此，该文提出一种时间偏移GFDM系统(TO-GFDM)，通过对传统GFDM系统的原型滤波器进行时间偏移，来提高双选择信道下GFDM系统的性能。
en-us	To this end, a Time-Offset GFDM (TO-GFDM) is proposed, which can improve theperformance of GFDM systems under doubly selective channel environment by introducing a time-offset to theprototype filter of conventional GFDM systems.

zh-cn	该文推导了GFDM信号在双选择信道中的平均信干比公式，并提出基于离散导频的联合迭代信道估计与符号检测算法，
en-us	The average signal-to-interference ratio of GFDM systems indoubly selective channels is analytically derived, and a pilot-aided joint iterative channel estimation and symboldetection algorithm is proposed.

zh-cn	该算法利用信道估计器与串行干扰消除符号检测器之间的信息交换，逐步减小干扰信号，提高信道估计与符号检测的精度。
en-us	The proposed algorithm can progressively decrease the interference signal and improve the performance of channel estimation and symbol detection with the information exchanging between the channel estimation unit and the successive interference cancellation based symbol detection unit.

zh-cn	理论分析与仿真实验结果表明，在双选择信道条件下，时间偏移GFDM比传统的GFDM具有更高的平均信干比和误码率性能；并且，联合迭代信道估计与符号检测算法能有效降低系统误码率。
en-us	The results of theoretical analysis and simulation demonstrate that in doubly selective channels, the time-offset GFDM outperforms the conventional GFDM in terms of average signal-to-interference ratio and bit error rate, and the joint iterative channel estimation and symbol detection algorithm can reduce the bit error rate effectively.

zh-cn	单站多外辐射源雷达定位系统利用多组双基距(BR)和双基距变化率(BRR)量测值对多运动目标定位。
en-us	Single-observer Multi-illuminator radars localize multiple moving targets using multiple BistaticRange (BR) and Bistatic Range Rate (BRR) measurements.

zh-cn	量测偏差的存在使得定位性能下降，对此该文提出一种基于迭代后验关联最小二乘估计的联合误差校正和目标定位算法。
en-us	However the existence of the biases would degradethe localization performance. A novel joint localization and registration based on iterative post-estimationDependent Least Squares (DLS) is proposed.

zh-cn	首先引入辅助变量对BR和BRR非线性观测方程伪线性化，建立目标参数和偏差的联合估计方程。
en-us	Firstly, a new jointed target parameters and biases estimationmodel is given by linearizing the BR and BRR measurement equation with auxiliary parameters.

zh-cn	其次，利用辅助变量和目标参数之间的关系构建新的等式方程设计关联最小二乘算法，并采用后验迭代校正固定偏差进一步提高定位精度和全局收敛性。
en-us	Then a DLSalgorithm refines the target parameters by reusing the relationships between the target parameters andauxiliary parameters. An iterative post-estimate further refines the estimation accuracy and global coverage bybiases registration.

zh-cn	最后对算法的理论误差和全局收敛性进行了分析，仿真结果显示：所提算法具有较好的全局收敛性且目标定位性能达到克拉美罗下界。
en-us	Finally its theoretical error and global convergence are obtained analytically. Simulationresults show that the proposed algorithm has a good global convergence behavior and the performance canachieve the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound.

zh-cn	旋转相控阵雷达在方位和仰角上均能电子扫描，相对于传统机扫雷达在方位和仰角上能更加灵活地调配资源。
en-us	Rotating phased array multi-function radar have electronically scanning capability both in elevationand in azimuth. It can allocate time and energy both in azimuth and elevation more flexible than themechanical scanning radar.

zh-cn	为了优化探测效果，需要对探测区域进行方位分区并进行威胁度评估。
en-us	In order to optimize the effects of search, it is needed to divide and assess the areas.

zh-cn	该文基于旋转相控阵雷达最威胁路径的计算提出一种区域威胁等级评估的方法；
en-us	Based on the calculation of the most threatening path of the rotating phased array radar, this paper presents a novel method of regional threat level assessment;

zh-cn	通过把每点检测概率等价为代价函数，利用泛函变分将寻找最威胁路径转变为最短路径问题；
en-us	The radar problem of most threatening trajectories computation may be declined to a shortest path problem solved by calculus of variations by taking the detection probability as the price function; The shortest path computation based on Eikonal equations are solved with the fast marching method.

zh-cn	利用快速行进法求解旅行最短问题满足的程函差分方程，然后利用梯度下降法回溯最威胁路径；
en-us	The most threatening path are computed by backtracking the minimalpath based on steepest gradient descent method.

zh-cn	最后以240批目标的威胁路径计算为例，给出相应的评估结果。实践结果验证了方法的有效性和正确性。
en-us	Finally, the solution of rotating phased array multi-functionradar resources management is proposed based on divided areas, and the validity of the technique is checkedand rationality of constructed model is verified by providing instances with 240 typical targets.

zh-cn	常用的异质信息网络有知识图谱和具有简单模式层的异质信息网络，它们的表示学习通常遵循不同的方法。
en-us	Commonly used heterogeneous information networks include knowledge graphs and heterogeneousinformation networks with simple schemas. Their representation learning follows usually different methods.

zh-cn	该文总结了知识图谱和具有简单模式层的异质信息网络之间的异同，提出了一个通用的异质信息网络表示学习框架。
en-us	The similarities and differences between knowledge graphs and heterogeneous information networks with simple schemas are summarized, and a general heterogeneous information network representation learning framework is proposed.

zh-cn	该文提出的框架可以分为3个部分：基础向量模型，基于图注意力网络的传播模型以及任务模型。
en-us	The proposed framework can be divided into three parts: the basic vector model, the graphattention network based propagation model, and the task model.

zh-cn	基础向量模型用于学习基础的网络向量；传播模型通过堆叠注意力层学习网络的高阶邻居特征；
en-us	The basic vector model is used to learn basicnetwork vector; The propagation model learns the high-order neighbor features of the network by stackingattention layers.

zh-cn	可更换的任务模型适用于不同的应用场景。
en-us	The replaceable task module is suitable for different application scenarios.

zh-cn	与基准模型相比，该文所提框架在知识图谱的链接预测任务和异质信息网络的节点分类任务中都取得了相对不错的效果。
en-us	Compared with thebenchmark model, the proposed framework achieves relatively good results in the link prediction task of theknowledge graph and the node classification task of the heterogeneous information network.

zh-cn	针对磁共振图像(MRI)进行脑胶质瘤检测及病灶分割对临床治疗方案的选择和手术实施过程的引导都有着重要的价值。
en-us	The glioma detection and focus segmentation in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has importantvalue for the therapeutic schedule selection and the surgical operations.

zh-cn	为了提高脑胶质瘤的检测效率和分割准确率，该文提出了一种两阶段计算方法。
en-us	In order to improve the detectionefficiency and segmentation accuracy for glioma, this paper proposes a two-stage calculating method.

zh-cn	首先，设计了一个轻量级的卷积神经网络，并通过该网络完成MR图像中肿瘤的快速检测及大致定位；
en-us	First, alight convolutional neural network is designed to implement rapidly detection and localization for the glioma inMR images.

zh-cn	接着，通过集成学习过程对肿瘤周围水肿、肿瘤非增强区、肿瘤增强区和正常脑组织等4种不同区域进行分类与彼此边界的精细分割。
en-us	Then, the peritumoral edema, non-enhancing tumor, enhancing tumor, and normal are classifiedand segmented from each other through an Ensemble Learning (EL) process.

zh-cn	为提高分割的准确率，在MR图像中提取了416维影像组学特征并与128维通过卷积神经网络提取的高阶特征进行组合和特征约简，将特征约简后产生的298维特征向量用于分类学习。
en-us	In order to improve the accuracyof segmentation, 416 radiomics features extracted from multi-modal MR images and 128 CNN featuresextracted by a convolutional neural network are mixed. The feature vector consisting of 298 features forclassification learning are formed after a feature reduction process.

zh-cn	为对算法的性能进行验证，在BraTS2017数据集上进行了实验，实验结果显示该文提出的方法能够快速检测并定位肿瘤，同时相比其它方法，整体分割精度也有明显提升。
en-us	In order to verify the performance of theproposed algorithm, experiments are carried out on the BraTS2017 dataset. The experimental results show thatthe proposed method can quickly detect and locate the tumor. The overall segmentation accuracy is improveddistinctly with respect to 4 state-of-the-art approaches.

zh-cn	该文提出了一种仅依靠激光探测与测量数据，实现单视图遥感影像数字表面模型(DSM)重建的新方法。
en-us	A novel method for Digital Surface Model (DSM) reconstruction of single-view remote sensing imageis proposed which only relies on light detection and ranging data.

zh-cn	该方法基于深度学习技术设计了一种编码-解码结构的语义分割网络，该网络采用多尺度残差融合的编码块与解码(MRFED)块从输入图像中提取语义信息，进而逐像素预测高度值；
en-us	Based on deep learning technology, asemantic segmentation network with an encode-decode structure is designed.

zh-cn	采用特征图跳跃级联的策略保留输入图像的细节特征和结构信息。
en-us	The network uses Multi-scaleResidual Fusion Encode and Decode (MRFED) blocks to extract semantic information from the input image,and then predicts the height value pixel by pixel, as well as adopts a strategy of skip connections with featuremaps to preserves the detailed features and structural information of the input image.

zh-cn	该文采用了一个包含DSM数据的遥感影像公开数据集训练与测试模型，
en-us	The model is trained and tested on a public dataset of remote sensing images containing DSM data.

zh-cn	实验结果表明：DSM重建结果与真值的平均绝对误差(MAE)为2.1e-02，均方根误差(RMSE)为3.8e-02，结构相似性(SSIM)为92.89%，均优于经典的深度学习语义分割网络。
en-us	Experiments show that, the MeanAbsolute Error (MAE) between DSM reconstruction results and true values is 2.1e-02, the Root Mean SquareError (RMSE) is 3.8e-02, and the Structural SIMilarity (SSIM) is 92.89%, which are all better than the classicdeep learning semantic segmentation networks.

zh-cn	实验证实该方法能够有效实现单视图遥感影像的DSM重建，具有较高的精度，以及较强的地物分布结构重建能力。
en-us	Experiments confirm that the method can effectivelyreconstruct the DSM of single-view remote sensing images with high accuracy, as well as the structure offeature distribution.

zh-cn	云数据安全问题是制约云计算发展的重要因素之一。
en-us	The security of cloud data is one of the most important factors to obstruct the development of cloudcomputing.

zh-cn	该文综述了云数据安全方面的研究进展，将云数据安全所涉及的云身份认证、云访问控制、云数据安全计算、虚拟化安全技术、云数据存储安全、云数据安全删除、云信息流控制、云数据安全审计、云数据隐私保护及云业务可持续性保障10方面相关研究工作纳入到物理资源层、虚拟组件层及云服务层所构成的云架构中进行总结和分析；
en-us	Therefore, on the basis of proposed three-tiers cloud architecture that consists of physical resourceslayer, virtual component layer, and cloud service layer, this paper makes a detail survey on existing works thatfocus on the security of cloud data, which involves in cloud identify authentication, cloud access control, clouddata secure computing, virtualization, cloud data security storage, cloud data secure deletion, information flowcontrol, cloud data secure auditing, cloud data privacy preserving, and cloud business continuity, respectively.

zh-cn	并给出了相关技术的未来发展趋势。
en-us	Finally, research trends in the field of cloud data security are presented.

zh-cn	为解决多载波差分混沌移位键控(MC-DCSK)系统传输速率低和误码性能差的缺点，该文提出一种正交多载波降噪差分混沌移位键控(QMC-NR-DCSK)系统。
en-us	The major drawbacks of MultiCarrier Differential Chaos Shift Keying (MC-DCSK) system arerelating to low data rate and poor bit error performance. Therefore a Quadrature MultiCarrier Noise ReductionDifferential Chaos Shift Keying (QMC-NR-DCSK) system is proposed to improve the performances of MC-DCSK system.

zh-cn	在发送端，预定义载波用于发送参考信号，剩余M-1个不同中心频率的载波及其经正交调制技术后得到的频率相同但相位正交的载波都用于传输信息信号，此外，通过进一步引入Hilbert变换，将系统的频带利用率和传输速率提升为MC-DCSK系统的4倍。
en-us	At the transmitter, reference signal is transmitted on the predefined carrier. While theremaining M-1 carriers and the carriers with orthogonal phase at the same frequency are all used to transmitinformation signals by using Quadrature Modulation technology, and the data-rate to bandwidth ratio andtransmission rate of which are four times higher than that of MC-DCSK system by further introducing Hilberttransformation.

zh-cn	在接收端引入滑动平均滤波器的降噪操作降低了噪声的方差，从而改善了系统误码性能。
en-us	The noise reduction operation of the moving average filter is introduced to reduce the varianceof noise at the receiver, thereby improving the bit error performance of the QMC-NR-DCSK system.

zh-cn	推导了QMC-NR-DCSK系统在加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)信道和多径瑞利衰落(RFC)信道下的比特误码率公式并进行了仿真。
en-us	The biterror rate formula and simulations of QMC-NR-DCSK system under Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN)channel and multi-path Rayleigh Fading Channel (RFC) are carried out respectively. The noise reduction operation of the moving average filter is introduced to reduce the varianceof noise at the receiver, thereby improving the bit error performance of the QMC-NR-DCSK system.

zh-cn	仿真结果和理论分析表明：QMC-NR-DCSK系统能有效提升传输速率、带宽效率和误码性能，为该系统应用于多载波无线通信提供理论参考。
en-us	The results show thatQMC-NR-DCSK system can effectively improve the transmission rate, data-rate to bandwidth ratio and biterror performance, which provides a theoretical reference for the application of the multicarrier communicationsystems.

zh-cn	属性加密体制是实现云存储中数据灵活访问控制的关键技术之一，但已有的属性加密方案存在密文存储开销过大和用户隐私泄露等问题，并且不能同时支持云端数据的公开审计。
en-us	The Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) mechanism is one of the key technologies for implementingflexible access control of data in cloud storage. However, the existing ABE schemes have some problems, suchas too much ciphertext storage overhead and user privacy leakage, and unsupported public auditing of clouddata.

zh-cn	为了解决这些问题，该文提出一个新的可搜索属性加密方案，其安全性可归约到q-BDHE问题和CDH问题的困难性。
en-us	To solve these problems, a new searchable ABE scheme is proposed, and its security can be reduced tothe difficulty of q-BDHE (q –decisional Bilinear Diffie-Hellman Exponent) problem and CDH (ComputationalDiffie-Hellman) problem.

zh-cn	该方案在支持关键词搜索的基础上，实现了密文长度恒定；
en-us	The proposed scheme achieves a constant ciphertext length on the basis of supportingkeyword search.

zh-cn	引入策略隐藏思想，防止攻击者获取敏感信息，确保了用户的隐私性；
en-us	By introducing strategies to hide ideas, it prevents attackers from obtaining sensitiveinformation and ensures the privacy of users.

zh-cn	通过数据公开审计机制，实现了云存储中数据的完整性验证。
en-us	And the integrity of the data in cloud storage is verified throughdata public audit mechanism.

zh-cn	与已有的同类方案相比较，该方案有效地降低了数据的加密开销、关键词的搜索开销、密文的存储成本与解密开销，在云存储环境中具有较好的应用前景。
en-us	Compared with the existing similar schemes, this scheme greatly reduces the dataencryption overhead, keyword search overhead, ciphertext storage cost and decryption cost, which has a goodapplication prospect to the cloud storage environment.

zh-cn	集成化已成为现代电子系统最重要的发展方向，雷达系统也是如此。
en-us	Integration has become the most important development direction of modern electronic system, andso is radar system.

zh-cn	现代直接变频技术具有成本极低、体积小、结构简单和高度集成化的特点，已广泛应用于通信市场，如手机、基站、卫星接收机和GPS接收机等，但至今未有在雷达中实际应用的报道。
en-us	Modern direct-conversion technology has the characteristics of low cost, small size, simplestructure and high integration. It has been widely used in the communication market, such as mobile phones,base stations, satellite receivers and GPS receivers, etc. But up to now, there has been no report of practicalapplication to radar.

zh-cn	该文对直接变频技术在雷达中的应用进行了研究，特别是应用到相控阵体制的雷达上，能极大地降低雷达成本和体积，且有工作频带极宽、配置灵活、可重构的特点。
en-us	This paper studies the application of direct-conversion technology to radar, especially tophased array radar, which can greatly reduce the cost and volume of radar, and has the characteristics of wideworking frequency band, flexible configuration and reconfiguration.

zh-cn	因此，直接变频技术也将成为雷达技术的一个发展方向。
en-us	Therefore, direct-conversion technology willalso become a development direction of radar technology.

zh-cn	该文最后给出了一个将直接变频技术应用到S波段相控阵雷达的设计实例。
en-us	Finally, a design example of applying direct-conversion technology to S band phased array radar is given.

zh-cn	针对非合作电子侦察雷达信号识别中先验信息残缺的问题，该文提出一种基于Choi-Williams时频分布(CWD)的改进半监督朴素贝叶斯的识别算法(ISNB)。
en-us	In order to solve incomplete prior information of radar in non-cooperative electronic countermeasureenvironment, a novel recognition algorithm named ISNB (Improved Semi-supervised Naïve Bayes) based on theenergy cumulant of Choi-Williams Distribution(CWD) is put forward.

zh-cn	首先对CWD进行降噪预处理，然后通过计算降噪后CWD不同时间下各频率采样值的积累量，从而得到CWD的能量积累量这一新特征；
en-us	This algorithm extracts the energycumulant of Choi-Williams distribution of radar signals as the recognition feature. The energy cumulant ofCWD is attained by calculating the accumulations of each frequency sample value with the different timesamples. Before this procedure, CWD is processed by base noise reduction.

zh-cn	针对传统的半监督朴素贝叶斯(SNB)在更新训练样本集过程中会产生迭代错误的不足，通过在无标签样本集生成的置信度列表中选取置信度高的样本添加到有标签样本集中，再利用预测后的分类结果对分类器参数进行改进，进而构建改进的SNB分类器，有效解决了传统SNB算法分类精度低且分类性能不稳定的缺点。
en-us	Considering disadvantages of traditional Semi-supervised Naïve Bayes(SNB) which comes from repeated errors in updating sample sets, it uses ISNB to construct classifier, and then completes the recognition of tested sample sets. ISNB selects those samples with high degree of confidence which comes from generated confidence.

zh-cn	理论分析和仿真结果表明，所提方法相比于传统SNB算法均提高了3%左右；
en-us	Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method is about 3% higher than the traditional SNB algorithm.

zh-cn	在相同信噪比下，相比于传统的主成分分析加支持向量机法，该算法具有更高的分类识别率和更好的分类性能。
en-us	Under the same signal-to-noise ratio, this algorithm has higher classification recognition rate and betterclassification performance than the traditional principal component analysis plus support vector machine.

zh-cn	针对超视距(OTH)雷达接收信号成分复杂的问题，该文提出基于多域组图的信号分析方法，讨论海杂波、瞬态干扰和射频干扰的多域特征。
en-us	Considering that the receiving data of Over-The-Horizon (OTH) radar is complicated, a signalanalysis method based on various domains and maps is proposed, and the characteristics of sea-clutter,transient interference and radio frequency interference are discussed in this paper.

zh-cn	运用时域、频域、距离域、重复周期和多普勒5域，组合为6种2维矩阵图，提出雷达接收数据的“五域六图”(5D6M)方法。
en-us	By employing the time, thefrequency, the range, the period and the Doppler domains, six kinds of two dimensional matrices or maps areconstructed, which forms the Five-Domain-Six-Map (5D6M) concept for the radar receiving data.

zh-cn	通过五域六图，各种接收信号成分在多个域得以分离，海杂波和干扰在不同域的特征得以体现，清晰展示海杂波的频谱和多普勒谱特性、瞬态干扰的大功率和短时性以及射频干扰的窄带与多普勒特性。
en-us	By using the5D6M, the signal components of the receiving data and reveal their characteristics can be separated in variousdomains, including the spectrum and Doppler property of sea-clutter, the power and transient features oftransient interference, and the narrowband and Doppler property of radio frequency interference.

zh-cn	基于五域六图的信号特性分析，能够为雷达信号分析与处理提供很好的帮助。
en-us	The characteristic analysis based on the 5D6M can help the radar signal analysis and processing.

zh-cn	该文以海杂波为例，设计了基于频域-多普勒域的海杂波多普勒单元检测的新方法。
en-us	By taking the sea-clutter as an example, a novel method for detecting the sea-clutter Doppler based on the frequency-Dopplermap is proposed.

zh-cn	合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像中通常默认大气折射率为1，即电磁(EM)波速率等于自由空间光速且忽略大气吸收特性，
en-us	Generally, the refractive index of atmosphere is simply 1 by default in Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) imaging, that is, the ElectroMagnetic (EM) wave velocity is equal to the speed of light in free-space andthe atmospheric absorption is ignored.

zh-cn	但实际存在的吸收会减弱入射功率，电磁波速率的变化会引起相位误差，从而影响图像重建。
en-us	However, the actual absorption may weaken the incident power andvariations in the speed of EM waves may cause phase error, thus affecting image reconstruction.

zh-cn	该文定量分析电磁波速率波动和大气吸收对雷达图像的影响，理论推导得出大气吸收会导致振幅误差，表现为散射点在图像中的重建幅度误差；
en-us	In this paper, the influence of wave velocity fluctuation and atmospheric absorption in SAR imagery is analyzed quantitatively. It is theoretically deduced that the atmospheric absorption will lead to amplitude error, which isshown as strength error of the scatterer in the reconstructed image;

zh-cn	电磁波速率波动会导致相位误差，表现为散射点在图像中的重建位置误差。
en-us	EM velocity fluctuation will lead to phase error, which is shown as positioning error of the scatterer in the reconstructed image.

zh-cn	仿真实验验证了误差分析的正确性。
en-us	The correctness of erroranalysis is verified by simulation experiments.

zh-cn	该分析进一步完备了SAR成像误差分析，有助于SAR图像正确解译。
en-us	The work in this paper completes further the SAR imaging erroranalysis, which is beneficial to SAR image interpretation.

zh-cn	弹道中段多目标具有不同的平动参数，以往针对单目标和同一平动参数的群目标的平动补偿方法不再适用。
en-us	Multi-ballistic targets have different translational parameters in midcouse. The former translational compensation methods for single target and group targets with the same translational parameters are no longer applicable.

zh-cn	针对此问题，该文提出了基于高阶模糊函数、延迟共轭相乘及时频分布处理相结合的多目标平动参数和微动周期估计方法。
en-us	In order to solve this problem, a new method of multi-target translation parameters and micro-motion period estimation is proposed based on high-order ambiguity, delayed conjugate multiplication andtime-frequency distribution processing.

zh-cn	首先，该方法利用高阶模糊函数估计出平动2阶加速度和微动周期；
en-us	First, the second-order translational acceleration and micro-motionperiod are estimated by using the high-order ambiguity.

zh-cn	然后，通过对1次补偿后的回波进行延迟共轭相乘估计出平动1阶加速度；
en-us	Then, the first-order translational acceleration isestimated by the delayed conjugate multiplication of the echo after the first compensation.

zh-cn	最后，利用2次补偿后目标回波时频图的差异，对时间轴进行加权累加估计出剩余平动速度。
en-us	Finally, the residualtranslational velocity is estimated by the weighted accumulation of the time axis based on the difference of thetime-frequency image of the echo after the second compensation.

zh-cn	仿真结果验证了所提算法对于多目标不同平动参数估计的有效性。
en-us	The simulation results show the effectivenessof the proposed algorithm for multi-target estimation of different translational parameters.

zh-cn	海洋环境噪声和混响干扰严重、目标可分性差是主动声呐目标分类识别中的瓶颈问题。
en-us	Marine environment noise and reverberation interference are serious, and the poor target separabilityis the bottleneck problem in active sonar target classification and recognition.

zh-cn	针对这一问题，该文基于主动声呐目标回波信号模型和分数阶傅里叶变换(FRFT)原理，推导了多阶次FRFT域特征表征形式，建立了FRFT域稀疏表示模型，提出了一种多阶次FRFT域特征融合的主动声呐目标稀疏表示分类方法。
en-us	In order to solve this problem,based on the echo signal model of active sonar target and the principle of FRactional Fourier Transform(FRFT), this paper deduces the multi-order FRFT domain feature representation form, establishes the FRFTdomain sparse representation model, and proposes a method to classify the sparse representation of active sonartargets with multi-order FRFT domain feature fusion.

zh-cn	该方法通过FRFT的能量聚集性和稀疏分解的残差去除过程，达到了抑制噪声和混响干扰的目的；通过多阶次FRFT域特征的融合，增加目标之间的可分性，进而实现海洋环境中低信混比条件下的主动声呐目标分类。
en-us	The method achieves the purpose of suppressing noiseand reverberation interference through the energy aggregation of FRFT and removing the residual of sparsedecomposition; Through the fusion of multi-order FRFT domain features, the separability of targets isimproved, and the active sonar target classification with low SNR is realized.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，所提方法在信混比达到0 dB的条件下，分类准确率能够达到90%以上。
en-us	Experimental results show thatthe classification accuracy of the proposed method can reach more than 90% when the SNR is about 0 dB.

zh-cn	为了实现少快拍、低信噪比(SNR)条件下的水下目标快速方位估计，该文建立矢量水听器阵列方位估计稀疏表示模型。
en-us	In order to realize the fast direction estimation of underwater targets under the conditions of lesssnapshot and low SNR, a sparse decomposition model of vector hydrophone array direction estimation isestablished.

zh-cn	利用实值转化技术将复数方向矩阵转化到实数域，以便利用平滑L0算法对稀疏信号矩阵进行重构从而得到方位估计结果。
en-us	The real value conversion technique is used to convert the complex direction matrix into the realnumber field, so as to reconstruct the sparse signal matrix using the SL0 algorithm to obtain the orientationestimation result.

zh-cn	该文改进平滑L0算法，利用收敛性更好的复合反比例函数(CIPF)函数作为平滑函数以及提出促稀疏加权的方法，该方法通过加权的方式修正噪声条件下L2范数作为迭代初始值偏离稀疏解较远的问题来促进算法快速收敛于稀疏解。
en-us	The SL0 algorithm is improved, the Compound Inverse Proportional Function (CIPF) withbetter convergence is used as a smoothing function, and a weighted method is proposed which can promotesparsity, the weighted method is used to correct the problem that the norm as the initial iteration valuedeviates far from the sparse solution to increase the speed of azimuth estimation.

zh-cn	通过仿真验证了该文提出的基于实值转换的促稀疏加权平滑L0算法在少快拍、低信噪比的条件下可以实现优于传统子空间类算法的性能，并且在保证性能的同时，显著提高方位估计的速度。
en-us	The simulation verifies thatthe proposed algorithm can achieve better performance than the traditional subspace algorithm under theconditions of low snapshot and low SNR, and improve the speed of bearing estimation while ensuringperformance.

zh-cn	该文在广义Pareto分布海杂波背景下研究了单元平均(CA)和有序统计量(OS)两种非相干检测器的恒虚警(CFAR)性质，推导了两种非相干检测器的虚警概率公式，发现了两种检测器对杂波的尺度参数是恒虚警的。
en-us	In this paper, under the generalized Pareto distributed sea clutter, the Constant False Alarm Rate(CFAR) properties of Cell-Averaging (CA) and Order-Statistic (OS) non-coherent detectors are studied, thefalse alarm probability formulas of the two non-coherent detectors are derived, and it is found that the twodetectors are CFAR with respect to the scale parameter of sea clutter.

zh-cn	然而，两种检测器对杂波的散斑协方差矩阵结构和杂波形状参数是非恒虚警的。
en-us	However, the two detectors do not haveCFAR with respect to speckle covariance matrix structure and shape parameter of sea clutter.

zh-cn	为了实现全场景的恒虚警检测，预先通过白化方法将具有相关性的海杂波去相关，并通过查表方法使用了匹配杂波形状参数、累积脉冲数和参考单元数的检测门限。
en-us	In order to ensure CFAR detection in the overall scene, the correlated sea clutter is decorrelated via whitening and the detection threshold matching the shape parameters of sea clutter, number of accumulated pulses, and number of reference cells is applied via lookup tables.

zh-cn	在这种情况下，实验结果表明两种非相干检测器能确保全场景恒虚警。
en-us	In this case, the experimental results show that the two non-coherent detectors can ensure CFAR in the overall scene.

zh-cn	针对利用单站接收多个外辐射源信号实现目标定位的问题，该文提出一种基于两步加权最小二乘的到达角度(DOA)、时差(TDOA)和频差(FDOA)联合定位代数解算法。
en-us	To achieve the target localization using single-observer receiving multiple external illuminators, analgebraic solution based on two-step Weighted Least Squares (2WLS) is proposed to find the target positionand velocity from Direction Of Arrival (DOA), Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA), and Frequency DifferenceOf Arrival (FDOA) measurements.

zh-cn	首先，在第1步加权最小二乘估计中，通过引入辅助参数，将非线性的角度、时差和频差方程转化为伪线性形式，并利用加权最小二乘得到目标位置和速度的粗估计；
en-us	In the first WLS step, the DOA, TDOA, and FDOA measurements arepseudo-linearized by introducing additional parameters and a WLS minimization is used to obtain an roughestimate of target position and velocity;

zh-cn	而后在第2步加权最小二乘估计中利用辅助参数和目标位置参数之间的约束关系来构造另外一组线性方程，并再次利用加权最小二乘得到目标位置和速度的精确估计。
en-us	Then in the second WLS step, the relationship between the additionalparameters and the target location parameters is utilized to form another set of linear equations, from whichthe final accurate estimate of target position and velocity are obtained by using WLS minimization again.

zh-cn	推导了联合角度、时差和频差定位的克拉美罗界。
en-us	TheCramer-Row Lower Bound (CRLB) for DOA-TDOA-FDOA-based target position and velocity estimation arederived.

zh-cn	理论分析和仿真结果表明，算法在观测误差较小时的定位误差可以达到克拉美罗界。
en-us	Theoretical accuracy analysis and simulation results indicate that the proposed solution can achievethe CRLB at sufficiently small measurement noise levels.

zh-cn	为了提高3维前视声呐的方位分辨能力，同时避免2维(2D)方位估计(DOA)方法失效，该文提出1维(1D)空间角估计方法、基于Vernier法的垂直角估计方法和基于最小角定理的水平角方位估计方法。
en-us	In order to obtain higher resolution and avoid the failure of Two-Dimensional (2D) of Direction-Of-Arrival (DOA) estimation, One-Dimensional (1D) spatial DOA estimation method, vertical DOA estimation viaVernier method and horizontal DOA estimation method via minimum angle theorem are proposed.

zh-cn	首先基于不同子阵构造互协方差矩阵避免2维方位估计模型失效，再利用Khatri-Rao积进行虚拟孔径扩展；
en-us	First,covariance matrices are constructed based on various subarrays to alleviate the failure of 2D model, and theKhatri-Rao product is adopted to extend the virtual array aperture.

zh-cn	将扩展后的阵列导向矢量和观测向量模型用于2维方位估计。
en-us	Second, the extended observation modelsand corresponding array steer vector are exploited for 2D DOA estimation.

zh-cn	与原阵列的导向矢量相比，虚拟阵元数量约增加1倍，阵列的孔径得到有效扩展。
en-us	Compared with the steer vector ofthe original array, the number of virtual array elements is doubled, and thus the array aperture is extended.

zh-cn	仿真实验表明，与单观测向量波束形成2维方位估计方法相比，所提方法在2维方位估计问题中具有更高的分辨能力，均方根误差更低；
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed method has better resolution and lower RMSE performance in 2DDOA estimation problem compared with the Single Measured Vector Beamforming method.

zh-cn	水池实验进一步验证了该文所提方法的工程实用性。
en-us	The tank experiment further verifies the engineering practicability of the proposed method.

zh-cn	冬小麦是我国重要粮食作物之一，对冬小麦覆盖地表土壤水分进行监测有助于解决因土壤供水导致的冬小麦歉收和农业用水浪费等问题。
en-us	Winter wheat is one of the most important food crops in China. Monitoring the soil moisture overwinter wheat covered surface can help to solve the problem of poor harvest of winter wheat and waste ofagricultural water due to soil water supply.

zh-cn	为了降低冬小麦覆盖地表土壤水分微波遥感反演过程中冬小麦对雷达后向散射系数的影响，该文基于Sentinel-1携带的合成孔径雷达(SAR)数据和Sentinel-2携带的多光谱成像仪(MSI)数据，结合水云模型，开展冬小麦覆盖地表土壤水分协同反演研究。
en-us	In order to reduce the influence of winter wheat on radarbackscattering coefficient in the process of microwave remote sensing retrieval of soil moisture covered bywinter wheat, based on the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data carried by Sentinel-1 and the MultiSpectralImager (MSI) data carried by Sentinel-2, combined with the water cloud model, the collaborative inversion ofsoil moisture over winter wheat mulching surface is carried out.

zh-cn	首先，基于MSI数据，该文定义了一种新的植被指数，即融合植被指数(FVI)，用于冬小麦含水量反演；
en-us	Firstly, based on the MSI data from Sentinel-2,a new vegetation index called Fusion Vegetation Index (FVI) is defined for inversion of winter wheat moisture.

zh-cn	然后，该文发展了一种基于主被动遥感数据的冬小麦覆盖地表土壤水分反演半经验模型，校正冬小麦在土壤水分反演过程中对雷达后向散射系数的影响；
en-us	Secondly, a semi-empirical soil moisture inversion model based on active and passive remote sensing data isdeveloped to correct the influence of winter wheat on radar backscatter coefficient.

zh-cn	最后，以河南省某地冬小麦农田为研究区域，开展归一化水体指数(NDWI)和FVI两种指数与VV, VH, VV/VH 3种极化组合而成的6种反演方式下的土壤水分反演对比实验。
en-us	Finally, by taking a winter wheat field in Henan Province as the study area, the comparative experiments of soil moisture inversionare carried out under six combinations, which are composed of two vegetation indexes, Normalized DifferenceWater Index (NDWI) and FVI respectively, and three types of polarization data, VV, VH and VV/VHrespectively.

zh-cn	结果表明：以FVI为植被指数，能够更好地去除冬小麦在土壤水分反演过程中对雷达后向散射系数的影响；
en-us	Through the experimental results, FVI shows a better performance than NDWI in reducing theinfluence of winter wheat on radar backscatter coefficient.

zh-cn	6种反演方式中，FVI与VV/VH组合下的反演效果最优，其决定系数为0.7642，均方根误差为0.0209 cm3/cm3，平均绝对误差为0.0174 cm3/cm3，展示了该文所提土壤水分反演模型的研究价值和应用潜力。
en-us	Meanwhile, among the six inversion combinations,the one of FVI and VV/VH achieves the optimal inversion precision, with a determination coefficient of 0.7642,a Root Mean Square Error of 0.0209 cm3/cm3, and a Mean Absolute Error of 0.0174 cm3/cm3, demonstratingthe application potential of the soil inversion model developed in this paper.

zh-cn	为了解决现有多子阵合成孔径声呐(SAS)成像算法忽略了“非停走停”时间的孔径依赖性带来时延误差的问题，该文提出一种基于参考距离史的多子阵SAS成像算法。
en-us	To address the problem that the aperture-dependence of ‘non-hop-go-hop’ time in the existingimaging algorithm for the multiple receivers Synthetic Aperture Sonar(SAS) is ignored and brings the delayerror, a imaging algorithm based on the reference range history is proposed in the paper.

zh-cn	首先利用参考子阵与各子阵之间的平移关系，推导每个子阵的近似距离史，解决“非停走停”时间的孔径依赖性需要被近似的问题；
en-us	Firstly, the shiftingrelationship between the reference receiver and the other receivers is used to derive the approximated rangehistory of every receiver, which conquer the problem of ignoring aperture-dependence of ‘non-hop-go-hop’ time.

zh-cn	然后将每个子阵信号搬移至相同的波束中心距离后，通过方位重构方法将欠采样的多子阵信号转变成满足采样定理的等效单基站信号，再用单基站成像算法处理得到多子阵SAS的成像结果；
en-us	Then, after the echo signal of each receiver is shift to the same beam centre range, the undersampling multiplereceivers signal can be transformed into the single receiver signal by the azimuth reconstruction, which can beprocessed by the monostatic imaging algorithm to get imaging result.

zh-cn	最后通过仿真实验和实测数据检验算法的有效性。
en-us	Finally, the validity of proposedalgorithm is tested by the simulation experiments and real data.

zh-cn	针对均匀线列阵自由度(DOF)受限于阵元数的问题，该文提出一种基于差和共阵的新型互质阵，称为放置互质阵(DCA)，
en-us	To deal with the problem that the Degree Of Freedom(DOF) of uniform linear array is limited by thenumber of elements, a new type of coprime array is proposed called Displaced Coprime Array(DCA).

zh-cn	其借助由接收信号的时域和空域信息组合成的共轭增广矩阵得到等价的差和共阵来进行波达方向(DOA)估计。
en-us	It takesuse of the conjugate augmented matrix which is formed by the time and space information of the receivedsignal to obtain the equivalent difference and sum co-array and to estimate the Direction Of Arrival(DOA).

zh-cn	DCA将广义互质阵放置在与原点处单阵元相隔一定距离的位置，实现了和共阵与差共阵的阵元位置互补，从而最大限度上利用和共阵带来的自由度增幅。
en-us	DCA places the generalized coprime array at a certain distance from the single array element at the coordinateorigin so that the elements of the sum co-array and the difference co-array are complemented. As a result, theuse of DOF provided by the sum co-array can be maximized.

zh-cn	该文给出了DCA阵元位置和放置距离的闭式表达，随后分别对DCA的差共阵及和共阵的连续阵元及孔洞位置进行了理论分析，同时给出了两者间的关系，说明了DCA的高自由度特性。
en-us	In this paper, the closed-form expressions of theelement positions and the placement distance of DCA are given. Then, the performance of the sum co-array andthe difference co-array including the continuous elements and the hole positions is theoretically analyzed, therelationship between the two is given and high DOF of DCA is presented.

zh-cn	多个仿真实验验证了所提阵型DOA估计的有效性。
en-us	Multiple simulations verify theeffectivity of DOA estimation using DCA.

zh-cn	群目标跟踪技术是测量空中集群生物目标飞行状态的有效手段，而航迹起始是群目标跟踪的第1步，包括分群检测与航迹确认。
en-us	Group target tracking is an efficient method to measure the states of airborne flocks. The first step ofgroup target tracking is track initiation, including target clustering and track promotion.

zh-cn	针对现有算法在分群检测时限制群内目标必须两两相似，在航迹确认时因等效量测残差过大导致航迹误丢弃的问题，该文提出一种基于代数图论的修正贝叶斯群目标航迹起始算法，
en-us	The state-of-the-artalgorithms require mutual similarity between targets for clustering procedure, and track may be wronglyrejected due to the large residual of equivalent measurement. A modified Bayesian group track initiationalgorithm based on algebraic graph theory is proposed.

zh-cn	通过引入代数图论实现监测空间内量测集合的划分，通过修正经典贝叶斯算法的似然比定义避免航迹的误丢弃。
en-us	The clustering of measurement sets in surveillancevolume is achieved by introducing the algebraic graph theory. The rejection of true track is avoided by modifythe definition of classical Bayesian likelihood ratio.

zh-cn	实测数据处理结果证明该算法具备准确划分各个子群并快速起始各子群航迹的能力。
en-us	Results from actual field tests demonstrate the capability ofclustering group targets precisely and promoting group tracks effectively.

zh-cn	针对时变水声信道估计和均衡问题，该文提出基于叠加训练序列(ST)和低复杂度频域Turbo均衡(LTE)的时变水声信道估计和均衡(ST-LTE)算法。
en-us	To solve the problems of time-varying underwater acoustic channel estimation and equalization, anestimation and equalization algorithm of time-varying underwater acoustic channel based on SuperimposedTraining (ST) and Low-complexity Turbo Equalization (LTE) in frequency domain (ST-LTE) is proposed.

zh-cn	基于叠加训练序列方案，将训练序列和符号线性叠加，使得训练序列和符号信道信息一致；基于最小二乘算法，进行信道估计。
en-us	Based on the ST scheme, the training sequence and symbols are linearly superimposed to make the channelinformation of the training sequence and symbols consistent; Based on the least square algorithm, channelestimation is performed.

zh-cn	基于频域训练序列干扰消除技术，在频域消除训练序列对符号的干扰；
en-us	Based on the interference elimination technique of training sequence in frequencydomain, the interference of training sequence on symbols is eliminated in frequency domain;

zh-cn	基于频域线性最小均方误差(LMMSE)均衡算法，通过先验、后验、外均值和方差的计算，实现低复杂度信道均衡(符号估计)；
en-us	Based on theLinear Minimum Mean Square Error (LMMSE) equalization algorithm in frequency domain, the low-complexitychannel equalization (symbol estimation) is realized by the calculation of prior, posterior, extrinsic mean andvariance;

zh-cn	基于Turbo均衡算法，软重构叠加训练序列和更新信道估计，进行均衡器和译码器的信息交换，利用编码冗余信息，大幅度提升信道均衡性能。
en-us	Based on the Turbo equalization algorithm, soft reconstruction of superimposed training and updateof channel estimation are conducted, the information exchange between equalizer and decoder is also carried out and the performance of channel equalization is extremely improved by using coding redundancy information.

zh-cn	进行仿真、水池静态通信试验(通信频率12 kHz，带宽6 kHz，采样频率96 kHz，符号传输速率4.8 ksym/s，训练序列和符号的功率比为0.25:1)和胶州湾运动通信试验(通信频率12 kHz，带宽6 kHz，采样频率96 kHz，符号传输速率3 ksym/s，训练序列和符号的功率比为0.25:1)，仿真和试验结果验证了所提算法的有效性。
en-us	Simulation, static communication experiment in a pool (communication frequency is 12 kHz, bandwidth 6 kHz,the sampling frequency 96 kHz, the transmission rate of symbols 4.8 ksym/s and the power ratio of the trainingsequence on symbols 0.25:1) and moving communication experiment in Jiaozhou Bay (communication frequencyis 12 kHz, bandwidth 6 kHz, the sampling frequency 96 kHz, the transmission rate of symbols 3 ksym/s and thepower ratio of the training sequence on symbols 0.25:1) are carried out and simulation and experimental resultsverify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

zh-cn	逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)目标回波具有明显的稀疏特征，传统的凸优化稀疏ISAR成像算法涉及繁琐的正则项系数调整，严重限制了超分辨成像的精度及便捷程度。
en-us	Due to the echoes of the Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) imagery are spatially sparse, the conventional convex optimization for the sparse image recovery involves tedious adjustment for the regularization parameter, which seriously limits the accuracy and the convenience of the image formation.

zh-cn	针对此问题，该文面向非约束Lasso正则化模型，建立分层贝叶斯概率模型，将非约束的范数正则化问题等效转化成稀疏拉普拉斯先验建模问题，并在分层贝叶斯Lasso模型中建立正则项系数依赖的概率分布，从而为实现完全自动化参数调整提供便利条件。
en-us	In this paper, the unconstrained least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) model is introduced for the  regularization problem, and it is equivalently transformed into sparse Bayesian inference under theLaplacian prior. More specifically, a hierarchical Bayesian model is established. In such cases, multiple hyper-parameters with multi-level conditional probability distribution are introduced. Due to the equivalent transformation, the manual choice of the regularization parameter can be replaced by automatic determination under the hierarchical Bayesian model, which provides convenience of fully conditional probability adjustment.

zh-cn	考虑到目标稀疏散射特征和多超参数的高维统计特性，该文应用吉布斯(Gibbs)随机采样方法，实现对ISAR目标稀疏特征的求解，并同步获取包括正则项系数在内的多参数估计。
en-us	Considering the high dimensions of sparse image responses and multiple hyper-parameters, the Gibbs sampler is adopted, where the Bayesian posterior of the ISAR image and high-dimensional hyper-parameters can be solved with fully confidence.

zh-cn	基于该文研究方法可实现全部参数均通过数据学习获得，从而有效避免繁琐的参数调整过程，提升算法的自动化程度。
en-us	Based on the research in this paper, all parameters can be attained by data, therefore tedious parameter adjustment can be avoided, and the automation level of the algorithm can be improved.

zh-cn	仿真及实测数据均可证明该方法的有效性和优越性。
en-us	Theeffectiveness and superiority of this method are proved by both simulated and measured data experiments.

zh-cn	针对传统视频SAR(ViSAR)运动目标检测方法存在的帧间配准难度大、快速运动目标阴影特征不明显、虚警概率高等问题，该文提出一种基于改进快速区域卷积神经网络(Faster R-CNN)的视频SAR运动目标检测方法。
en-us	To solve the problems of inter-frame registration difficult, unclear shadow characteristics of fastmoving targets and high false alarm probability in traditional Video Synthetic Aperture Radar (ViSAR)moving target detection methods, a novel video SAR moving target detection method based on improvedFaster Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks (Faster R-CNN) is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法结合Faster R-CNN深度学习算法，利用K-means聚类方法对anchor box的长宽及长宽比进行预处理，并采用特征金字塔网络(FPN)架构对视频SAR运动目标的“亮线”特征进行检测。
en-us	Combining with the deeplearning algorithm of Faster R-CNN, the new method applies the K-means clustering method to preprocess thelength, width and aspect ratio of the anchor box. Besides, the Feature Pyramid Networks (FPN) network architecture is used to detect the ‘bright line’ feature of the video SAR moving targets.

zh-cn	与传统方法相比，该方法具有实现简单、检测概率高、虚警概率低等优势。
en-us	Compared with traditional methods, the proposed method has the advantages of simple implementation, high detection probability and low false alarm probability.

zh-cn	最后，通过课题组研制的Mini-SAR系统获取的实测视频SAR数据验证了新方法的有效性。
en-us	Finally, the effectiveness of the new method is verified by themeasured video SAR data obtained from the Mini-SAR system developed by our project team.

zh-cn	携带有轨道角动量(OAM)的涡旋电磁(EM)波在雷达应用领域已经受到了广泛关注，利用涡旋电磁波，不仅可以观测到目标的线多普勒频移，还能够获取角多普勒频移信息。
en-us	Vortex ElectroMagnetic (EM) wave with Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) is widely concerned inradar applications. With vortex EM wave, not only the linear Doppler shift of the target can be observed, butalso the angular Doppler shift information can be obtained.

zh-cn	基于角多普勒效应，涡旋电磁波雷达具有检测垂直于径向运动分量的能力，可以实现对自旋目标微动特征的提取。
en-us	Based on the angular Doppler effect, the vortex EMwave radar has the ability to detect the component perpendicular to the radial motion, and can extract themicro-motion features of the spinning target.

zh-cn	首先，该文建立直角坐标系下角多普勒频移的参数化模型，给出了涡旋电磁波雷达、目标运动参数与角多普勒频移之间的定量关系描述。
en-us	Firstly, the parametric model of angular Doppler shift inCartesian coordinate system is established, and the quantitative relationship among vortex EM wave radar,target motion parameters and angular Doppler shift is provided.

zh-cn	其次，当目标自旋轨迹垂直雷达视线(LOS)方向时，对获取的角多普勒频移信息进行分析，并提取了自旋目标微动特征。
en-us	Then, when the target rotational trajectory isperpendicular to the radar Line Of Sight (LOS), the angular Doppler shift is analyzed, and the micro-motionfeatures of the spinning target are extracted.

zh-cn	最后，通过仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性和分析的准确性。
en-us	Finally, experimental results are given to demonstrate theeffectiveness of the proposed method and the correctness of the theoretical analyses.

zh-cn	针对多基地雷达系统中多普勒频差导致干扰信号的去相关的问题，该文提出一种基于距离-多普勒补偿的多基雷达协同抗主瓣压制干扰方法。
en-us	To solve the de-correlation problem due to Doppler frequency bias for multistatic radar system, amain-lobe jamming suppression algorithm for multistatic radar based on range-Doppler bias offsetting is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，通过不同雷达平台接收到的干扰信号的互相关函数，分析了多普勒频差对多平台干扰信号的相关性影响。
en-us	First, based on the cross correlation function of jamming signals of different radars, the effect ofDoppler frequency bias on the cross correlation function is analyzed.

zh-cn	其次，通过最大化时间-多普勒2维相关函数对传播延时差与多普勒频差进行估计和补偿，实现主瓣干扰抑制。
en-us	Then, the time delay and Dopplerfrequency bias can be estimated and offset by maximizing the two dimensional correlation function of time andfrequency, in order to suppress the jamming.

zh-cn	然后，为了降低运算量，先利用幅度相关估计出传播延时差，再估计出多普勒频差。
en-us	What’s more, to reduce the amount of calculation, the time delaycan be obtained firstly by cross correlation function of signal amplitude before estimating the Doppler frequencybias.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，通过多普勒频率补偿后进行干扰信号级相消处理，可有效抑制主瓣压制干扰。
en-us	Simulation results illustrate that the jamming can be suppressed effectively after offsetting the Dopplerfrequency bias and signal cancellation processing.

zh-cn	移动OFDM水声通信系统中，基于压缩感知的稀疏信道估计方法计算量较大，不适用于实时通信。
en-us	In mobile OFDM underwater acoustic communication systems, the compressed sensing-based sparsechannel estimation methods suffer from high computational complexity, which is not suitable for real-timecommunication.

zh-cn	针对这一问题，该文基于一致多普勒信道模型提出一种扩展路径识别(GPI)算法。
en-us	To solve this problem, this paper proposes a Generalized Path Identification (GPI) algorithmfor estimating uniform Doppler distorted channel.

zh-cn	该方法首先使用信道多普勒扩展矩阵构造等效发射序列，将多普勒信道转化为等效线性时不变信道。
en-us	This scheme first constructs equivalent transmitted symbolsusing Doppler spread matrices, and thus the channel is converted into an equivalent linear time-invariant one.

zh-cn	然后使用GPI算法估计信道多普勒及各路径的时延及幅度参数，实现低复杂度稀疏信道估计。
en-us	Then the GPI algorithm is utilized to estimate the channel parameters.

zh-cn	此外，该文将GPI算法扩展到Turbo接收机中，通过利用信道译码器反馈的数据符号先验信息迭代提高信道估计精度。
en-us	Furthermore, the GPI algorithm is extended to Turbo receivers to iteratively improve the channel estimation accuracy.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提方法的性能优于传统的路径识别算法，且与OMP算法接近，而其计算量远低于后者。
en-us	Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed method is better than that of the conventional path identification algorithm, and is close to the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) algorithm.

zh-cn	当合成孔径雷达(SAR)工作在俯冲段大斜视模式时，面临着斜视角沿距离向空变、距离-方位耦合严重以及3维速度与加速度带来扰动等问题，导致回波存在着严重的距离徙动(RCM)和多普勒相位的2维空变。
en-us	Its computational complexity,however, is much lower than OMP algorithm. In the case of diving highly squinted Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), the existence of range-dependent squint angle, severe range-azimuth coupling, three-Dimensional (3-D) velocity and accelerationproduces two-Dimensional (2-D) spatial-variant Range Cell Migration (RCM) and Doppler phases.

zh-cn	针对这些问题，该文构建了一种用于精确描述俯冲段大斜视SAR回波距离-方位空变特性的3维等距球体解析模型。
en-us	To accommodate these issues, this paper constructs a 3-D equidistant sphere analytical model to precisely revealthe range-azimuth variant property of the echo.

zh-cn	基于该模型，提出一种去除方位空变残余高阶RCM的校正方法，并重新推导了去除多普勒相位方位空变的频域拓展非线性变标(FENLCS)方法，结合子孔径处理方式解决了SAR工作在俯冲段大斜视模式下所面临问题。
en-us	Based on the model, an azimuth-variant residual high-orderRCM correction is proposed, and the Frequency Extended NonLinear Chirp Scaling (FENLCS) is rederived toequalize the azimuth-variant Doppler phases. These two methods integrated with SubAperture (SA) processingare adopted to address the aforementioned issues faced by diving highly squinted SAR.

zh-cn	理论分析和仿真结果证明，该文构建的模型对于回波的距离-方位空变特性有着更精确的描述，且所提算法具有更好的成像效果。
en-us	Theoretical analysis and simulation results validate that the proposed model is capable of describing the range-azimuth spatial-variance property of echo more precisely, and better imaging performance can be acquired by this algorithm.

zh-cn	水下传感网络静默定位方法是一种可服务于多用户的免时钟同步定位算法，待定位节点全程无需发声，具有隐蔽性强和方便扩展等优点。
en-us	The silent location algorithm for underwater sensor network is a time-synchronization free algorithmthat can serve multiple users. No sound is needed of the target node in the whole process which make thealgorithm secluded and extended.

zh-cn	该文提出了一种结合声线跟踪技术的水下传感网络节点静默定位方法，将高斯-牛顿法引入到水下网络节点静默定位中，解决了已有方法存在定位盲区的问题。
en-us	In this paper, a silent location algorithm for underwater sensor network basedon ray-tracing technology is proposed. The problem of location blind area in the existing methods is solved byintroducing the Gauss-Newton method into the algorithm proposed.

zh-cn	鉴于水中声速分布不均的情况，将声线跟踪技术融入迭代过程，用以修正声线弯曲带来的定位误差。
en-us	In view of the uneven distribution of soundvelocity in water, the ray-tracing technology is integrated into the iterative process to correct the positioningerror caused by the bending of the sound ray.

zh-cn	同时，针对实际应用过程中可能出现的信标节点阵型不佳的情况，采用了改进的Tikhonov正则化方法，根据目标函数变化情况反馈控制正则化参数，消除了雅可比矩阵不满秩对迭代过程的影响。
en-us	At the same time, considering the situation that the beacon nodearray may not be good in the practical application, an improved Tikhonov regularization method is adopted tocontrol the regularization parameters according to the feedback of the iterative effect, which can compensatethe influence of the singular Jacobian matrix on the objective function.

zh-cn	通过仿真分析，验证了该文算法的有效性。
en-us	The effectiveness of the proposedalgorithm in this paper is verified by simulation analysis.

zh-cn	大多数传统的合成孔径雷达(SAR)目标识别方法仅仅使用了单一的幅度特征，但是由于斑点噪声的存在，仅仅使用幅度特征会限制识别的性能。
en-us	In most of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) target recognition methods, only the amplitude feature,i.e., intensity of pixels, is used to recognize targets. Nevertheless, due to the speckle noise, only using theamplitude feature will affect the recognition performance.

zh-cn	为了进一步提高SAR目标识别的性能，该文提出了一个基于深度森林的多级特征融合SAR目标识别方法。
en-us	For further improving the recognition performance, inthis paper, a novel multi-level feature fusion target recognition method based on deep forest for SAR images isproposed.