zh-cn	本文综述了该技术在 2014 ～ 2018 年间的最新工作，将其分为传统区域建议方法、文字建议网络方法、基于分割的方法以及文字建议网络与分割的混合方法，并对各类方法的优劣进行分析。
en-us	The paper re-views state-of-the-art methods in the field from 2014-2018. We categorize existing methods into traditional Region Proposalbased method, Text Proposal Network method, segmentation based method and hybrid method based on Text Proposal Net-work and segmentation with detailed analysis of pros and cons for the four methods.

zh-cn	本文还展望了未来发展趋势，指出未来研究热点。
en-us	Finally, we point out research trends andfocuses in this field.

zh-cn	视频中的人体动作识别是计算机视觉领域内一个充满挑战的课题。
en-us	Human action recognition in videos is a challenging topic in the field of computer vision.

zh-cn	不论是在视频信息检索、日常生活安全、公共视频监控，还是人机交互、科学认知等领域都有广泛的应用。
en-us	It is widely notonly used in video information retrieval, daily life security, public video surveillance, but also human-computer interaction, scientific cognition and other fields.

zh-cn	本文首先简单介绍了动作识别的研究背景、意义及其难点，
en-us	First, the research background, research significance and difficulties of action recognition are briefly introduced,

zh-cn	接着从模型输入信号的类型和数量、是否结合了传统特征提取方法、模型预训练三个维度详细综述了基于深度学习的动作识别方法，
en-us	and then the deep learning model based action recognition methods are comprehensively reviewed from three different aspects:the types and numbers of input signals, the combination with traditional feature extraction meth-ods, and the pre-trained datasets.

zh-cn	及比较分析了它们在 UCF101 和 HMDB51 这两个数据集上的识别效果。
en-us	Furthermore, the performances of some typical methods on UCF101 and HMDB51 datasetsare overviewed and analyzed.

zh-cn	最后分别从视频预处理、视频中人体运动信息表征、模型学习训练这三个角度对未来动作识别可能的发展方向进行了论述。
en-us	Last the possible future research directions are discussed from three perspectives:the video datapreprocessing, the video human motion feature representation, and the model training.

zh-cn	本文提出一种基于混沌信号特性的信号盲提取算法，由于不同的混沌信号在相空间里面对应着不同的吸引子二阶增长率，利用这个特点定义了增殖系数(Proliferation Exponent，PE)并将其作为混沌信号提取的目标函数。
en-us	In this paper, we propose a signal extraction algorithm based on the property of chaotic signal. Each chaoticsignal corresponds to a different chaotic attractor in phase space. We define proliferation exponent(PE)using the property a-bove;PE is used as a statistic feature to classify chaotic signal and computationally less dissipative compared with KullbackLeibler divergence.

zh-cn	首先分析基于增殖系数的梯度搜索方法在解决盲提取问题时存在不足，并将混沌信号的盲提取问题转化为带约束的优化问题，
en-us	We firstly model the problem of blind source extraction into an optimization problem with constrained. The objective function based on PE is non-convex or multi-model and solving the optimization problem with gradient searchmethod may lead to local optimum.

zh-cn	提出利用改进的粒子群优化算法解决信号盲提取的优化问题，通过惯性系数动态调整和最优位置的扰动，提高算法的寻优性能。
en-us	We use particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm to solve the above optimizationproblem, the algorithm is improved by adjusting the inertia coefficient dynamically and the global optimal position is dis-turbed to diversify the particle population and increase the probability of escaping from local trap.

zh-cn	实验结果表明基于增殖系数的信号提取算法能有效地提取混沌信号，提取的信号在时域和相空间与源信号接近，同时算法也表现出对噪声污染的鲁棒性。
en-us	The experimental results show that the proposed signal extraction algorithm can extract the mixture of chaotic signals and multi-channel Gaussian sig-nals efficiently.

zh-cn	针对现有的显著性检测算法检测目标类型单一、通用性差的问题，提出一种基于无监督栈式降噪自编码网络的显著性检测算法。
en-us	The traditional saliency detection method is difficult to detect different kinds of saliency target simultane-ously. In order to solve this problem, an algorithm based on unsupervised SDAE network is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	该算法利用无监督栈式降噪自编码网络(Stacked Denoising Auto Encoder，SDAE)在多个尺度对原始图像进行稀疏重构，将原始图像与 SDAE 网络重构图像之间的差作为显著图，二值化后的显著图作为显著性目标检测结果。
en-us	The stacked denoising auto-encoder (SDAE)network is used to sparsely reconstruct original image in multiple scales. The difference between the original image and the reconstructed image is used as a saliency map, and the binaryzation of the sali-ency map is used as salient detection result.

zh-cn	在 SDAE 网络训练过程中，将原始图像作为原始数据，网络重构的图像作为观察数据。
en-us	In the process of SDAE network training, the original image is used as the origi-nal data and the reconstructed images are treated as observed data.

zh-cn	为了提升网络训练效率，首先利用无监督逐层贪婪方法训练同结构的深度信念网络(Deep Belief Network，DBN)，将训练得到的 DBN 网络参数设为 SDAE 网络的初始参数，再计算原始数据与观察数据之间的互信息作为网络收敛代价，利用反向传播进行网络参数微调。
en-us	In order to improve the efficiency of network training, thedeep belief network (DBN)is trained by greedy method in each layer without supervising, and the network parameters aredelivered to stacked denoising auto-encoder (SDAE)network as initial parameters. Then, the mutual information between the original data and the observed data is used as loss function, and the network parameters are tuned by back propagation.

zh-cn	实验表明，该网络模型可以完成多类型目标的显著性检测，具有通用性好，准确度高等优点。
en-us	The experiments show that the proposed algorithm can accomplish the saliency detection of various targets, which has the ad-vantages of good universality and high accuracy.

zh-cn	如何有效地抵抗组合几何攻击，并且提高水印的嵌入容量，一直是数字水印领域一个具有挑战性的课题。
en-us	How to resist combined geometric attacks effectively and improve the embedded capacity of the watermark has always been a challenging topic in the field of digital watermarking.

zh-cn	针对此种状况，本文提出了一种抗组合几何攻击，且嵌入容量较大的水印算法。
en-us	In view of this situation, a watermarking algorithm that resists combined geometric attacks and has a larger embedded capacity is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	首先利用 SURF 算法从受攻击的图像提取特征点，并与原图像中的少量鲁棒性较强的特征点匹配，根据特征点对间的坐标关系准确估计出仿射矩阵;
en-us	Firstly, feature pointsfrom the attacked image are extracted with SURF algorithm, then they are matched with a small amount of feature points ofstrong robustness, which are extracted from the original image. The matching point pairs are used to estimate the affine ma-trix accurately and then the geometric attacks are corrected to resynchronize the embedded watermarks.

zh-cn	然后根据仿射矩阵对失真的图像进行几何校正，恢复水印的重同步。
en-us	Due to positioning er-rors introduced during the attacking /correction process, some positioning watermarks are embedded in the spatial domain toimprove the accuracy of the resynchronization.

zh-cn	由于几何攻击与还原过程中的像素插值仍会导致变换域水印的位置发生细微的误差，本文在空间域嵌入一层定位水印以便精准地同步;最后，考虑到 LT 码具有良好的纠删性能，因而先将变换域水印信息进行 LT 码编码，以尽量提高算法的抗剪切性能。
en-us	Considering the excellent erasure correcting performance of LT codes, the wa-termark bit sequence is encoded by LT-code such that the anti-cropping performance of the algorithm can be improved.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该算法不仅实现了较高容量的嵌入，而且对于剪切、组合几何攻击具有较好的鲁棒性。
en-us	Theexperimental results show that the proposed algorithm not only has a larger embedding capacity, but also is resistant to the cropping and combined attacks.

zh-cn	对社会化媒体产生的大量短文本进行聚类分析具有重要的应用价值，但短文本往往具有噪音数据多、增长迅速且数据量大的特点，导致现有相关算法难于有效处理。
en-us	Clustering a large number of short texts in social media has great value in applications. However, short texts often have these characteristics:lots of noises, growing rapidly and massive data. Most existing short text clustering al-gorithms are not effectively enough to process such short texts.

zh-cn	提出一种基于增量式鲁棒非负矩阵分解的短文本在线聚类算法 STOCIRNMF。
en-us	Aiming at this problem, we propose an algorithm of short text online clustering based on incremental robust nonnegative matrix factorization (STOCIRNMF).

zh-cn	STOCIRNMF 基于非负矩阵分解构建短文本聚类模型，通过 l2，1范数设计模型的优化求解目标函数提高鲁棒性，同时应用增量式迭代更新规则实现短文本的在线聚类。
en-us	This algorithm uses NMF tobuild the short text clustering model and applies l2, 1norm to devise its objective function for improving its robustness. Mean-while, STOCIRNMF can cluster short texts incrementally by using incremental iterative update rules.

zh-cn	在搜狐新闻标题和微博短文本数据集上进行相关实验，结果表明 STOCIRNMF 不仅比现有代表性算法具有更好的聚类性能，而且能够有效对微博话题进行在线检测。
en-us	We conduct extensiveexperiments on real Sohu news titles and Weibo datasets. The results show that STOCIRNMF not only has better perform-ance of short text clustering than some representative algorithms, but also is very effective to detect micro blog's topics on-line.

zh-cn	提出了一种新型平面三频带通滤波器，该滤波器由一个加载短路枝节的阶梯阻抗谐振器，一对加载开路枝节的背靠背 E 型谐振器，以及包含源负载直接耦合的馈电结构组成。
en-us	A new microstrip tri-band bandpass filter is presented. The filter is composed of a stepped-impedance re-sonator loaded with short stub, a pair of E-shape resonators loaded with open stub, and the external coupling structure withinput /output direct-coupling.

zh-cn	所采用的枝节加载谐振器的多模工作特性使滤波器的体积大大减小，同时每个通带的位置及其耦合特性都能够独立调谐。
en-us	Due to the multi-mode characteristics of the resonators, the filter size can be significantly mini-aturized, and each passband can be separately controlled.

zh-cn	另外，通过源负载直接耦合引入通带两侧的传输零点，实现了滤波器良好的频率选择性。
en-us	In addition, the proposed filter can generate six transmission zeroson both sides of each passband, resulting in improved frequency selectivity.

zh-cn	最后设计并加工了一款高选择性小型化三频带通滤波器，其三个通带的中心频率分别为 2.0GHz，3.95GHz 和 6.35GHz，
en-us	Such a demonstrative tri-band bandpass filterwith center frequencies of 2. 0GHz, 3. 95GHz and 6. 35GHz were designed and fabricated.

zh-cn	插入损耗均小于 2.5dB，带内回波损耗均优于 14dB，实验结果与仿真结果吻合良好。
en-us	The measured results show that the insertion loss is less than 2. 5dB, and the return loss is better than 14 dB for each passband, which is in agreement with the simulated ones.

zh-cn	穿墙雷达成像中，墙体反射杂波干扰严重，严重影响目标成像效果。
en-us	In Through-the-Wall Imaging (TWI), the target image is often buried in the wall reflections and otherclutter waves, and the target image cannot be obtained.

zh-cn	子空间技术对回波信号矩阵进行奇异值分解后去除墙体子空间，可以有效的抑制墙体杂波干扰，在穿墙雷达成像中具有广泛的应用。
en-us	Subspace technique uses the received echo matrix Singular Value De-composition (SVD)to remove the wall subspace, it is a mature technique and has broad applications in TWI.

zh-cn	该文针对子空间技术中墙体与目标子空间的划分这一难题，提出一种基于奇异向量平稳度分类的墙体子空间提取技术。
en-us	In order to distinguish the wall subspace and the target subspace, this paper presents a new wall subspace extractive method based on the stationarity of left-singular vector.

zh-cn	该方法利用墙体回波信号的相关特征，根据奇异值分解后各个左奇异向量的平稳程度来精确划分墙体与目标子空间。
en-us	SVD is applied to the echo matrix and the left-singular vectors are used to determine the subspace belonging to the wall or the target.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，与现有技术相比，该方法对墙体子空间的确定更加精准有效，提高了穿墙雷达墙体杂波干扰抑制能力，改善了墙后目标的成像质量。
en-us	Compared with the traditional subspace technique, this method has a better per-formance in wall subspace extraction. Meanwhile, the capability of suppressing wall clutter is enhanced, and the quality of thetarget imaging is improved.

zh-cn	针对现有树突状细胞算法(dendritic cell algorithm，DCA)在不同类型设备的故障检测中严重依赖人工经验定义输入信号，缺乏适应性和完备性，提出了一种基于数值微分的树突状细胞故障检测模型———NDDC-FD。
en-us	Currently, the DCA (dendritic cell algorithm)relies heavily on artificial experience to define the input sig-nals in fault detection of different types of equipment, which is lack of adaptability and completeness. To address this prob-lem, we propose a dendritic cell fault detection model based on numerical differentiation———NDDC-FD.

zh-cn	首先，引入变化是系统危险发生的征兆和外在表现的思想，提出了一种基于变化危险感知的信号自适应提取方法，采用数值微分描述数据的变化，再从变化中提取输入信号。
en-us	In first place, ac-cording to change is the symptom and outward expression of system which is in danger, an adaptive signal extraction method based on danger perception of system status change is proposed, which uses numerical differentiation to calculate the changeto extract the input signals.

zh-cn	其次，原 DC 模型中异常抗原的评价方式对突变性故障能有效检测，却无法及时发现渐变性故障，提出了采用 T 细胞浓度作为故障评价指标。
en-us	Next, the anomaly antigen evaluation method of original DC model can effectively detect abruptfault, but it can't detect incipient fault in time. Therefore, the fault evaluation indicator based on concentration of T cells is proposed.

zh-cn	最后，在 DAMADICS 和 TE 两个基准平台上，将本文方法与原 DCA 算法和传统主元分析法(principal component analysis，PCA)进行比较测试。
en-us	Finally, our method is tested on DAMADICS and TE benchmark, and compared with DCA and PCA (principalcomponent analysis).

zh-cn	实验结果表明NDDC-FD 方法不仅提高了原 DCA 算法的适应性，且和 DCA、PCA 相比具有较高检测率的同时，更能较早地检测到渐变性故障。
en-us	The results show that NDDC-FD method not only improves the adaptability of DCA, but also has high-er detection rate than DCA and PCA, and has lower detection delay time in incipient fault detection.

zh-cn	因此，本文提出的故障检测方法 NDDC-FD 具有一般性，且性能良好。
en-us	Overall, our method isgenerality and has well performance in the fault detection of industrial equipment.

zh-cn	针对鲸鱼优化算法容易陷入局部极值和收敛速度慢的问题，提出了一种结合自适应权重和模拟退火的鲸鱼优化算法。
en-us	Aiming at the problem that whale optimization algorithm is easy to fall into local extreme value and slow convergence speed, this paper proposes a whale optimization algorithm based on adaptive weight and simulated annealing.

zh-cn	通过改进的自适应权重策略来调整算法的收敛速度，通过模拟退火增强鲸鱼优化算法的全局寻优能力。
en-us	The improved convergence weight strategy is used to adjust the convergence speed of the algorithm, and the global optimiza-tion ability of the whale optimization algorithm is enhanced by simulated annealing.

zh-cn	仿真实验中计算了 18 个测试函数，对比了粒子群算法、海豚回声定位算法和标准鲸鱼算法并进行统计分析，
en-us	In the simulation experiment, 18 test functions were calculated and the genetic algorithm, the particle swarm optimization algorithm and the standard whale algo-rithm were compared and statistically analyzed.

zh-cn	同时比较了单独结合自适应权重和模拟退火对鲸鱼优化的影响，
en-us	At the same time, the influence of the adaptive weight and simulated annea-ling on the whale optimization is compared.

zh-cn	结果表明，改进的算法在测试函数的极值计算中，计算精度和收敛速度方面都有了明显提升，验证了改进算法的有效性。
en-us	The results show that the improved algorithm has a significant improvement inthe calculation of the extremum of the test function, and the effectiveness of the improved algorithm is verified.

zh-cn	针对高速互连系统中传输线上的串扰问题，基于电磁耦合理论，研究了耦合传输线信道传输矩阵的性质，
en-us	To resolve the crosstalk problem of the transmission lines in high-speed interconnection system, the proper-ties of the transmission matrix are studied.

zh-cn	建立了以下两种情况的耦合传输线信道传输矩阵模型及其矩阵分解形式，分别是:(1)考虑受扰线两边各一条相邻微带线对受扰线的串扰;
en-us	Both the model of the transmission matrix and the matrix decomposition form are established in the following two cases, one is the crosstalk between the disturbed line and its one adjacent microstrip line onboth sides,

zh-cn	(2)考虑受扰线两边各两条相邻微带线对受扰线的串扰。
en-us	and the other is the crosstalk between the disturbed line and the two adjacent lines on both sides.

zh-cn	给出了上述两种情况下基于耦合传输线信道传输矩阵分解形式的串扰抵消方案，并利用仿真工具 ADS 对其进行了验证。
en-us	The crosstalk cancellation scheme for the above two cases is given, and it is verified with the advanced design system (ADS).

zh-cn	结果表明:信号抖动和失真大幅下降，串扰抵消效果良好，并且第二种情况下的串扰抵消效果优于第一种情况。
en-us	The results show that both signal jitter and distortion are greatly improved, the crosstalk is obviously cancelled,

zh-cn	该结果说明了在基于耦合传输线信道传输矩阵进行串扰抵消时，考虑两边各两条相邻微带线的串扰效果较好，对保持高速信号完整性具有一定的实际应用价值。
en-us	and it is illustrated that the crosstalk cancellation effect of the scheme considering two adjacent microstrip lines is better than that of one adjacent mi-crostrip line. It is practical to maintain the integrity of the high-speed signal.

zh-cn	属性约简是粗糙集的一个重要应用。
en-us	Attribute reduction is one of important applications in rough set theory.

zh-cn	一个数据集往往含有多个属性约简，人们一般用启发式算法找到其中的一个，再通过实验的方法验证其有效性。
en-us	There are more than one attribute reduct in a data set, and heuristic algorithms are always used to find one of them, which is verified with experiments.

zh-cn	面对多个属性约简，人们往往难以区别，缺乏有效的手段选取最优或较优的属性约简。
en-us	Formany attribute reducts, it is hard for people to distinguish them, and lacks of valid methods of selecting the best one or a bet-ter one.

zh-cn	使用多种概念漂移的度量指标和信息损失的度量方法比较了同一个知识系统中不同 Pawlak 约简之间的区别与联系。
en-us	Indexes of concept drift and information loss are employed to compare the same type of Pawlak attribute reducts ina knowledge system.

zh-cn	提出了属性约简重心的概念，并研究其性质。
en-us	The focus of attribute reducts is presented, and its properties are investigated in this paper.

zh-cn	实验结果显示，在众多的属性约简中，离重心最近的属性约简在分类准确率方面具有较大的优势。
en-us	experimental results show that the closest attribute reduct to the focus of attribute reducts is better than other attribute reducts in classifica-tion accuracy.

zh-cn	概念漂移的度量指标和信息损失的度量方法有助于区分不同的属性约简，属性约简的重心有助于在众多的属性约简中选择最优或较优的一个。
en-us	Indexes of concept drift detection and information loss can distinguish different attribute reducts, and the focus of attribute reducts can be employed to select the best attribute reduct or a better one.

zh-cn	本文研究敏感属性与部分准标识符属性存在相关时，如何有效减小重构攻击导致的隐私泄漏风险。
en-us	We investigate in this paper how to effectively reduce the risk of privacy leakage caused by refactoring at-tacks when the sensitive attributes and some quasi-identifier attributes are correlated.

zh-cn	首先，用互信息理论寻找原始数据集中对敏感属性具有强依赖关系的准标识符属性，为精确扰动数据属性提供理论依据;
en-us	Firstly, the mutual information theory isused to find the quasi-identifier attributes which have strong dependence on the sensitive attributes in the original dataset, which provides a theoretical basis for accurately perturbing the data attributes.

zh-cn	其次，针对关联属性和非关联属性，应用不变后随机响应方法分别对某个数据属性或者属性之间的组合进行扰动，使之满足局部 ε-差分隐私要求，并理论分析后数据扰动对隐私泄露概率和数据效用的影响;
en-us	Secondly, for the correlated attributes and thenon-correlated attributes, the invariant random response method is applied to perturb a certain data attribute or a combination of data attributes to satisfy the local ε-differential privacy requirement. Theoretical analysis of the impact of data perturba-tions on privacy leakage probability and data utility is also conducted.

zh-cn	最后，实验验证所提算法的有效性和处理增量数据的能力，理论分析了数据结果。
en-us	Finally, the experiment verifies the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and its ability to process incremental data.

zh-cn	由实验结果可知，算法可以更好地达到数据效用和隐私保护的平衡。
en-us	The experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm can a-chieve a better balance between data utility and privacy protection.

zh-cn	如何提高对未知噪声类型的泛化能力是有监督语音增强方法中亟待解决的重要问题，通过对大量不同类型噪声进行建模，深度神经网络成为了解决该问题的有效手段。
en-us	How to improve the generalization ability to unknown noise types is an important problem to be solved ur-gently in supervised speech enhancement approaches. By modeling a large number of types of noise, the deep neural network(DNN)becomes an effective way to solve this problem.

zh-cn	为了进一步提高基于深度神经网络的语音增强方法的泛化能力，本文基于生成式对抗网络(Generative Adversarial Networks，GAN)设计了能够由真实噪声数据生成新的噪声类型的 NoiseGAN;
en-us	In order to further improve the generalization ability of speech en-hancement approaches based on DNN, this paper designs NoiseGAN based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN)togenerate new noise types from real noise data.

zh-cn	通过在训练集中增加生成噪声类型，提高训练集噪声类型的多样性，从而达到提高语音增强模型泛化能力的目的。
en-us	By adding generated noise to training set, the diversity of noise types in train-ing set is increased, and thereby the generalization ability of speech enhancement model is improved.

zh-cn	不同结构的网络下的语音增强实验结果表明，本文提出的 NoiseGAN 能够生成新的噪声类型，具备提高训练集噪声类型多样性的能力，有效提高了语音增强模型在未知噪声类型下的泛化能力。
en-us	The results of speechenhancement experiments under different structures of networks show that the proposed NoiseGAN can generate new noisetypes, increase the diversity of noise types in training set, and effectively improve the generalization ability of speech en-hancement models under unknown noise types.

zh-cn	随着云计算成为重要的信息基础设施，越来越多的应用迁移到云上，云服务的可靠性日益重要，尤其是边缘计算新模式的引入，对云服务可靠性提出了更高的要求。
en-us	As Cloud Computing becomes an important information infrastructure, more and more applications are be-ing migrated to the cloud. Therefore, the reliability of cloud services becomes increasingly important. In particular, the intro-duction of new edge computing mode puts forward higher requirements on the reliability of cloud services.

zh-cn	如何通过资源调度保障服务可靠性成为了当前研究的热点。
en-us	How to guaranteethe reliability of services through resource scheduling has become a hot topic of current research.

zh-cn	为此，针对云-边协同的应用场景，开展面向服务可靠性的云资源调度方法研究，提出基于马尔科夫预测模型的云资源调度算法，实现节点负载判断、待迁移任务和节点选择、迁移路由的决策，以解决云服务节点失效情况下的任务调度和负载均衡问题，
en-us	In Cloud-Edge collaborativeapplication scenarios, we research on a service reliability oriented cloud resource scheduling method to support cloud servicereliability. And the cloud resource scheduling algorithm based on markov prediction model is put forward to solve the prob-lem of task scheduling and load balancing in cloud service node failure situation, including the judgment of node load de-gree, the selection of migrated task and nodes, and the decision of migration routing.

zh-cn	实现快速的云服务故障恢复，提高云服务的可靠性。
en-us	The goal is to achieve rapid cloud serv-ice recovery and to improve the reliability of cloud services.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，本文所提方法能够有效保证节点失效情况下的服务可靠性。
en-us	The experimental results show that the proposed method can ef-fectively guarantee the service reliability.

zh-cn	基于模型的诊断为人工智能领域中一个重要的研究分支，极小碰集即候选诊断的求解过程极大影响最终的诊断效率。
en-us	Model-based diagnosis is an important branch of research in the field of artificial intelligence. The efficien-cy for generating all minimal hitting sets, i. e. , candidate diagnoses, considerably affects the final diagnostic process.

zh-cn	本文关注当前主要的极小碰集求解算法，简要介绍了它们的基本思想，从算法描述和实例比较了它们的异同和复杂性，
en-us	This pa-per focuses on the current major algorithms for computing minimal hitting sets. First, the basic ideas of algorithms were briefly introduced. Then, the similarities and differences, and complexity of them were compared by simple algorithm de-scription and examples.

zh-cn	并设计实现了一个统一的实验平台，测试并比较了它们的实际执行效率，为实际选择合适的算法提供了重要参考依据。
en-us	An integrated experimental platform was implemented for testing and comparing their time efficien-cy, which provides an important reference for the actual selection of an appropriate algorithm in practice.

zh-cn	针对现存可用于时间序列的增量式模糊聚类算法往往需要设置多个控制参数的问题，本文提出了一种基于自适应增量学习的时间序列模糊聚类算法。
en-us	Existing incremental fuzzy clustering algorithms which can be used for time series often require setting multiple control parameters. To solve this problem, a fuzzy clustering algorithm of time series based on adaptive incremental learning is proposed.

zh-cn	该算法首先继承上一次聚类得到的簇结构信息以初始化当前聚类进程，
en-us	First, the cluster structure information obtained by the previous clustering process is inherited to initial-ize the current clustering process.

zh-cn	然后在无需设置参数的情况下自适应地搜索当前数据块中的离群样本，并自动从离群样本创建新簇，
en-us	Then, the outliers in current data block are adaptively searched without parameters, andnew clusters are automatically created from the outliers.

zh-cn	最后检查空簇识别标识确定是否需要移除部分簇以保证后续聚类过程的效率。
en-us	Finally, an empty cluster flag is checked to determine if some clus-ters need to be removed to ensure the favorable efficiency of subsequent clustering.

zh-cn	实验结果表明所提算法对等长和不等长时间序列均具有良好的聚类准确性及运行效率。
en-us	The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has good clustering accuracy and efficiency for both equal-length and unequal-length time series.

zh-cn	大数据时代迅速发展的同时，如何解决数据的版权保护、信息保存、叛逆溯源等安全问题，也变得越来越重要。
en-us	With the rapid development of big data, it becomes more and more important to effectively solve the problems of copyright protection of data, preservation of data information, traceability of data, etc.

zh-cn	数据库水印技术是最有效的防护技术，其面临的最大挑战是如何在不影响用户使用的前提下嵌入水印，且保证在不影响水印信息提取的前提下抵挡各种常见的水印攻击。
en-us	Database watermark-ing is the most effective protection technique. The biggest challenge of this technology is how to carry out the embedded watermarking without affecting the data, and how to withstand the various attacks without affecting the extraction of wa-termark information.

zh-cn	本文首先描述了数据库水印的基本概念和工作原理;然后，介绍了常见的数据库水印技术，并进行了分类;
en-us	In this paper, we first describe the basic concepts and principles of database watermarking;Then, we introduce and classify common database watermarking techniques;

zh-cn	进而，总结了针对数据库水印的攻击行为，分析了特定水印技术的抗攻击性;
en-us	Next, we summarize the attack behavior against database watermarking and analyze the anti-attack ability of specific watermarking technology;

zh-cn	接着详细分析了基于失真与基于无失真的典型水印技术，并简要分析了数据库指纹的现有技术手段;
en-us	M oreover, we analyzethe typical watermarking technologies based on distortion or not and the existing technical methods of database finger-print briefly;

zh-cn	最后，指出各种现有的技术研究的关键与不足，提出了下一步可研究的方向。
en-us	Finally, we point out the key and shortcomings of current researches, and propose the development direc-tion in the future.

zh-cn	信息技术已经深入到全社会政治、经济、文化的方方面面，信息革命改变了全世界的沟通方式，促使人类社会有了巨大的发展，也使网络安全问题受到了前所未有的关注。
en-us	Information technology has penetrated into all aspects of politics, economy and culture in the whole socie-ty. The information revolution has changed the way of communication all over the world, promoted the development of hu-man society, and made the problem of network security get unprecedented attention.

zh-cn	针对网络安全问题的研究主要经历了理想化设计保证安全、辅助检测被动防御、主动分析制定策略、全面感知预测趋势 4 个主要阶段，
en-us	The research on network security has mainly experienced 4 main stages:idealized design ensures safety, passive defense after auxiliary detection, actively analyzeand formulate security strategies, forecast trend after comprehensive perception.

zh-cn	在各国都在争夺数字控制权的新战略制高点背景下，针对网络安全态势感知的探讨无论是在学术研究上还是在产业化实现上都呈现出了全新的特点。
en-us	Under the background of the new strategiccommanding point for the power of digital control in all countries, the research on the Cyber Security Situation Awareness A-nalysis (CSSA)has presented new features in both academic research and industrialization.

zh-cn	本文对网络安全态势感知进行了尽可能详尽的文献调研，首先介绍了国内外研究现状及网络安全态势感知与传统态势感知之间的区别与联系;
en-us	This paper makes a detailed lit-erature survey on CSSA. First, it introduces the status of the research and the difference and connection between CSSA andtraditional awareness analysis.

zh-cn	然后从数据价值链角度提出了网络安全态势感知的逻辑分析框架，将整个过程分解为要素采集、模型表示、度量确立、求解分析和态势预测五个连续的处理阶段，
en-us	Then the logical analysis framework of CSSA is proposed from the perspective of data valuechain. The whole process is decomposed into five continuous stages of processing, including factor collection, model repre-sentation, measurement establishment, solution analysis and situation prediction.

zh-cn	随后对每个阶段的作用，主流的方法进行了阐述，并对在实验对象上的应用结果以及方法间的横向比较进行了说明。
en-us	After that, the role and the mainstream meth-od of each stage are expounded, and the application results on the experimental object and the horizontal comparison betweenthe methods are explained.

zh-cn	本文意图对网络安全态势感知提供全景知识，为网络安全的产业化方案提供辅助思想，希望能够对此领域的科研和工程人员起到参考作用。
en-us	The purpose of this paper is to provide a panoramic knowledge of CSSA, and to provide an auxil-iary idea for the network security industrialization scheme, and hope that it can serve as a reference for scientific research and engineering personnel in this field.

zh-cn	图像分类作为计算机视觉分析领域一个重要的研究方向，其分类性能很大程度上取决于图像的特征表示。
en-us	Image classification is an important research direction in the field of computer vision analysis. The key to classification depends largely on the feature representation of the image.

zh-cn	为了能够更好地进行图像分类，本文提出了一种基于局部约束稀疏编码的神经气算法(Neural Gas based Locality-constrained Sparse Coding，NGLSC)用来实现图像分类。
en-us	In order to be able to classify images better, this pa-per presents a locality-constrained sparse coding for image classification by introducing ranking locality adaptor as distance regularization.

zh-cn	引入局部排序适配器作为距离正则化约束项已经应用在神经气(Neural Gas，NG)的算法矢量量化中，旨在通过软竞争学习算法来弥补 K 均值聚类(K-means)算法的不足。
en-us	The proposed ranking locality adaptor has previously been used in Neural Gas (NG)method for vectorquantization, which originally remedies the K-means by using this soft-competitive learning scheme.

zh-cn	在稀疏编码阶段此算法可求解得到封闭解。
en-us	In the new proposedmethod, a closed-form solution can be derived at sparse coding step.

zh-cn	此外，字典更新一般由目标函数的误差项来决定，
en-us	In addition, dictionary updates are generally determinedby the error term of the objective function.

zh-cn	已有一些经典的算法采用这种方式更新字典。
en-us	Some classical algorithms have used this method to update the dictionary.

zh-cn	本文使用 ORL 数据库和 COIL20 数据库将所提出算法和现有算法局部约束线性编码(Locality-constrainedLinear Coding，LLC)，脸元数据学习方法(Metaface Learning，MFL)进行比较。
en-us	This paper uses the ORL database and COIL20 database to compare the proposed algorithm with the existing algorithm Locality-constrained Linear Coding, and Metaface Learning algorithm.

zh-cn	实验结果证明本文所提出的算法在图像分类上准确率可达 95% 以上。
en-us	The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has an accuracy of more than 95% in image classification and has stronger performance than the current excellent algorithms.

zh-cn	可以看出，本文为计算机视觉图像分类工作提供了一种有价值的解决思路。
en-us	In addition, the recognition rate of the algorithm does not change greatly with the change of the data feature dimension. It can be seen that this paper provides a valuable solution for the classification of computer vision images.

zh-cn	本文提出了有监督的关键词抽取算法———KEING(Keyphrase Extraction using sequentIal patterns withoNe-off and General gaps condition)算法。
en-us	Keyphrase extraction using sequential patterns mining with one-off and general gaps condition algorithm(KEING)is proposed in this paper.

zh-cn	首先，将每篇文档作为一个序列库，利用 SPING(Sequential Patterns mIning withoNe-off and General gaps condition)算法获取词语之间的关系及其多种变化形式，并利用统计模式特征的方式描述候选关键词;
en-us	Taking into account one off condition and general gaps, SPING (Sequential PatternsmIning with oNe-off and General gaps condition)can catch semantic relations between words and phrases more effectively. Therefore, KEING will get effective candidate keyphrases and count their features.

zh-cn	然后，通过朴素贝叶斯分类算法对大量带标记的训练数据进行训练，构造分类器;最后利用分类器从测试文档中识别出关键词。
en-us	Then a supervised machine learning meth-od is used to train features and construct a classification model, we can extract keyphrase with this model.

zh-cn	通过实验验证了 SPING 算法的完备性以及 KEING 算法的有效性。
en-us	Experimental re-sults demonstrate KEING can effectively extract high quality keyphrases.

zh-cn	针对谱聚类算法 self-tuning 的局部尺度参数 σi会受噪音点影响，进而影响聚类结果，及其所使用的 K-means 算法的不稳定，对聚类结果的影响，提出两种完全自适应的谱聚类算法 SC－SD(Spectral Clustering based onStandard Deviation)和 SC－MD(Spectral Clustering based on Mean Distance)，
en-us	To avoid the clustering results with the local scaling parameter σiof self-tuning may be influenced by outli-ers, and the unstable clustering results from K-means in self-tuning, two true self-adaptive spectral clustering algorithms wereproposed. The two spectral clustering algorithms are respectively named as SC－SD(Spectral Clustering based on StandardDeviation)and SC－MD(Spectral Clustering based on Mean Distance).

zh-cn	分别定义样本 i 的标准差、样本 i 到其余样本的距离均值，为样本 i 的邻域半径，统计邻域内的样本数，以样本 i 的邻域标准差为其局部尺度参数，避免样本 i 的局部尺度参数受噪音点影响，进而影响聚类结果;
en-us	They respectively define the standard deviation ofpoint i, and the mean distance from point i to others, as its radius of neighborhood, then count the number of points in the neighborhood, and use the standard deviation of point i in the neighborhood as its local scaling parameter, so as to avoid theinfluence from outliers to the local scaling parameter σiof point i, and the distortion in clustering results of self-tuning.

zh-cn	以方差优化初始聚类中心的 SD－K-medoids 算法代替 K-means 算法，克服 K-means 算法的不稳定，发现数据的真实分布。
en-us	SD－K-medoids are adopted to instead of K-means in self-tuning to avoid the unstable clustering results of K-means, so as to get the true clustering of a dataset.

zh-cn	UCI 数据集和人工数据集实验测试表明，提出的 SC－SD 和 SC－MD 算法能得到更优聚类结果，不受噪音点影响，有很好的伸缩性。
en-us	The experimental results on UCI datasets and on synthetic datasets demonstrate that SC－SDand SC－MD can obtain better clustering results than that of traditional spectral clustering algorithm NJW and spectral cluste-ring algorithm self-tuning, and are robust to noises, and has got good scalability.

zh-cn	提出的 SC－SD 和 SC－MD 能完全自适应地发现数据集的真实分布信息，尤其 SC－MD 算法很适合较大规模数据集的聚类分析。
en-us	The proposed SC－SD and SC－MD can de-tect the clustering of a dataset without any given information, and the SC－MD can be used to detect the clustering of a com-parable big data.

zh-cn	目前，基于计算机视觉分析的图像场景分类技术已被广泛研究并应用在众多学科领域中。
en-us	The computer vision based scene classification technology is widely developed and applied in differentfields.

zh-cn	本文从不同角度对近年来典型的场景分类技术进行了深入的探讨与比较。
en-us	In this paper, the typical scene classification technology is analyzed and compared from the different directions.

zh-cn	首先介绍了场景分类技术的背景、应用场景以及发展现状;
en-us	First, the background, application and development situation is introduced.

zh-cn	然后基于特征提取、语义分析和机器学习的角度分别对国内外的相关研究进行系统的分析、比较及总结;
en-us	Then, the related researches both at home and overseasare analyzed, compared and summarized from the perspectives of feature extraction, semantic analysis and machine learning.

zh-cn	最后对目前研究所面临的问题和未来技术的发展给出总结与展望。
en-us	Finally, the problems that the current researches are facing and potential future development are discussed.

zh-cn	当电台处于外界复杂电磁环境中，会有多种频率的干扰信号同时作用，
en-us	The communication station will be affected by interference signals of multiple frequency in complex elec-tromagnetic environment.

zh-cn	如果信号强度足够，即便落于带外也有可能造成电台阻塞，使其接收不到有用信号而失去作战效能。
en-us	Assuming the interference signal is strong enough, the communication station will be blocked evenif the interference signal is out of band, which makes it unable to receive useful signal and lose combat effectiveness.

zh-cn	带外信号造成接收机阻塞所需的能量高，利用矢量法将有用信号和干扰信号进行矢量叠加，通过推导得到相应的干扰预测模型。
en-us	Theout-of-band signal needs significant energy to block receiver;so we can use vector superposition method to analyze useful signal and interference signal, from which the interference prediction model can be derived.

zh-cn	利用两套独立的干扰发射系统进行双频干扰试验，试验前要对试验系统进行调整，之后再分别以误码率 0.1 和受试电台接收不到链路测试作为临界干扰判别标准进行两次试验，
en-us	Conducting dual-frequency inter-ference test by two independent interference transmission system, and the system should be adjusted before the test. Taking error rate to be 0. 1 and no link test as the critical interference criterion respectively, and then two independent tests are con-ducted.

zh-cn	试验结果表明以上模型能够预测受试设备是否达到临界干扰状态，预测误差在 2dB 以内，同时以上两种临界干扰标准均适用。
en-us	The test result shows that the presented model is able to predict whether or not the equipment under test reaches criti-cal interference state, and the prediction error is within 2dB. This model applies to both critical interference criteria.

zh-cn	研究体偏置效应对超深亚微米绝缘体上硅(SOI，Silicon-on-insulator)器件总剂量效应的影响。
en-us	The impact of body effect on the total dose effect of ultra deep sub micron SOI devices is studied.

zh-cn	在 TG 偏置下，辐照 130nm PD(部分耗尽，partially depleted)SOI NMOSFET(N 型金属-氧化物半导体场效应晶体管，n-type Met-al-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor)器件，监测辐照前后在不同体偏压下器件的电学参数。
en-us	130nm SOINMOSFET devices were irradiated in TG bias state, the electrical parameters of devices before and after irradiation were moni-tored under different body bias. The short channel PD SOI NMOS devices are more sensitive to total dose radiation, and the larger channel width to length ratio of devices will cause more damage.

zh-cn	短沟道器件受到总剂量辐照影响更敏感，且宽长比越大，辐射导致的器件损伤亦更大。在辐射一定剂量后，部分耗尽器件将转变为全耗尽器件，并且可以观察到辐射诱导的耦合效应。
en-us	After a certain dose of radiation, the partially depleted devices will turn into fully depleted devices, and the radiation-induced coupling effect can be observed.

zh-cn	对于 10μm /0.35μm 的器件，辐照后出现了明显的阈值电压漂移和大的泄漏电流。
en-us	Significant threshold voltage shiftsand large leakage currents can be observed after irradiation of 10μm /0. 35μm devices.

zh-cn	辐照前体偏压为负时的转移特性曲线相比于体电压为零时发生了正向漂移。
en-us	The transfer characteristic curve at negativebody bias is positively shifted compared with it at zero body bias before the device is irradiated.

zh-cn	当体电压 Vb = － 1.1V 时部分耗尽器件变为全耗尽器件，| Vb| 的继续增加无法导致耗尽区宽度的继续增加，说明体区负偏压已经无法实现耗尽区宽度的调制，因此器件的转移特性曲线也没有出现类似辐照前的正向漂移。
en-us	When the body voltage Vb = －1. 1V, then partially depleted devices become full-depletion devices. And continued increase in | Vb | will not result in continuedincrease in the width of the depletion area, which shows that the negative body bias can no longer adjust the width of the depletionregion, so the transfer characteristic curve of the device does not show a positive shift similar to that before irradiation.

zh-cn	在过去的数十年中，信息数据量呈现指数级增长，如何存储和保护这些大量信息数据成为一个难题。
en-us	In the past decades, the amount of information data is growing in an unexpected speed and how to store and protect these large amounts of data becomes a problem.

zh-cn	云存储和冗余去重技术成为解决上述难题的主要技术。
en-us	Cloud storage and data deduplication technology are the principal technology to solve the above problem.

zh-cn	去冗技术在云存储系统中得到广泛应用，但主流的云存储系统存在索引信息的膨胀以及数据分块的不确定性等不足，而这些弊端会导致内存空间的浪费和数据分块的不可预知性。
en-us	Deduplication technology is widely used in cloud storage systems. However, there aresome shortcomings such as the expansion of the index information and the uncertainty of the data block in the current main-stream cloud storage technology, which lead to the waste of space and a big difference in the length of the data block.

zh-cn	针对这些问题，提出了一种基于内容分块的层次化去冗优化策略，并构建了对应的算法，解决了云存储系统中索引信息表过大和数据分块过大或过小的问题。
en-us	To o-vercome these shortcomings, through the study of cloud storage and data deduplication, this paper presents an optimal hierar-chical deduplication strategy based on content defined chunking and proposes the corresponding algorithm, and achieves the purpose of saving memory space and obtaining better compression performance.

zh-cn	并且选取 CNN 新闻的页面内容作为测试集进行实际测试，通过比较去冗比和去冗时间可以看出，相比于目前主流的去冗策略，本文提出的基于内容分块的层次化去冗优化策略能够提升 3% 左右的去冗比，同时降低 2% 左右的去冗时间。
en-us	Finally, this paper selects the content of the CNN news as a test set. By comparing the compression ratio and the compression time, the optimal hierarchical deduplication strategy has increased compression ratio by 3% and reduced compression time by 2% compared with the current mainstream deduplication strategy.

zh-cn	现有互联网因其原始设计不足已在服务质量、资源利用率、管控能力等诸多方面暴露出严重弊端，难以支撑起“互联网 + ”新业态高速发展对通信网络与服务日趋复杂化、多元化的需求。
en-us	Due to deficiencies stemmed from its original design, the current Internet has exposed many serious draw-backs in service quality, resource utilization, and management/control capabilities, which cannot satisfy increasingly complexand diversified requirements from " Internet + " businesses on communication networks and services.

zh-cn	因此，如何设计全新的互联网已成为信息领域最为迫切与核心的研究内容之一，受到学术界与产业界的高度重视。
en-us	Therefore, how to de-sign a clean-slate Internet has become one of the most urgent and core research contents in the information field, and it has received great attention from both academics and industries.

zh-cn	本文基于前期“标识网络”与“智慧标识网络”研究，创造性提出“智融标识网络”体系及其关键机制，
en-us	Hence, in this paper, we propose a novel network architecture with its associated key mechanisms, namely Smart Integration Identifier Networking (SINET-I), based on our previousworks of Identifier Networking and Smart Identifier Networking.

zh-cn	通过全网多空间、多维度资源的智慧融合，实现个性化服务的按需供给与灵活化组网的有效支撑，为不同行业与用户提供高效的差异化、定制化通信网络服务，以普遍适用于高铁网络、工业互联网、车联网等各类迥异应用情景。
en-us	By smart integration of network-wide multi-space andmulti-dimensional resources, SINET-I is able to achieve on-demand provision of individualized services and effective supportfor flexible networking, thus, it can provide differentiated and customized communication network services efficiently for va-rious industries and users, thereby applicable to many different application scenarios such as high-speed rail networks, indus-trial Internet and vehicular networks.

zh-cn	基于 Babin 模型并分析了海上蒸发波导对气象输入参数的敏感性，引入数值天气预报中集合预报的思路，提出了一种新的蒸发波导诊断方法———集合诊断方法(Babin_Ens 法)。
en-us	Based on the Babin model and the sensitivity analysis of Evaporation duct on meteorological input parame-ters, a new diagnosis method ——— ensemble diagnosis (Babin_Ens)method ——— is proposed in this paper benefitting from the idea of weather ensemble prediction.

zh-cn	运用它对中国近海 4 个岛屿站点的实测数据进行了波导诊断结果的对比验证，
en-us	By using this method, a comparison and analysis of the diagnosed result from the measurements on four island stations in the Chinese marginal seas is done.

zh-cn	发现:与 Babin 模型(Babin 法)相比，Babin_Ens 法使波导高度与强度偏差的平均改进率分别达到了 23.49% 与 19.29% 。
en-us	It is found that both root-mean-square error andbias of duct height and intensity for the Babin_Ens method are obviously improved compared to the Babin model, and the averaged bias improvements of duct height and intensity are 23. 49% and 19. 29% respectively.

zh-cn	进一步尝试运用 Babin_Ens 法对 WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting)模式的预报信息进行了蒸发波导的数值预报，
en-us	Numerical forecasts of evap-oration duct are conducted by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)model with the Babin_Ens method.

zh-cn	波导高度与强度预报偏差的平均改进率分别提高了 14.01% 和 16.92% 。
en-us	The aver-aged bias improvement rates of duct height and intensity get improved respectively by 14. 01% and 16. 92% .

zh-cn	研究表明，集合诊断可以显著地提高波导信息的诊断准确度，是一种改进蒸发波导诊断准确度的可行途径。
en-us	It shows that the ensemble diagnosis method can greatly improve the diagnosis and prediction of evaporation duct.

zh-cn	无线广播网络传输过程中，目的节点反馈信息丢失或部分丢失导致发送节点不能了解目的节点的真实接收状态。
en-us	During wireless network transmission, when the feedback information from the destinations is lost or par-tially lost, the source cannot achieve the real accepting status of destinations.

zh-cn	为提高不完美反馈下无线网络的重传效率，本文提出中继协作无线网络中不完美反馈下基于网络编码的重传方案。
en-us	To improve the retransmission efficiency ofwireless networks with imperfect feedback, a retransmission scheme based on network coding is proposed.

zh-cn	本方案基于部分可观察马尔科夫决策过程对不完美反馈下的重传过程进行建模。
en-us	The retransmission procedure with imperfect feedback is modeled based on POMDP (Partially Observable Markov Decision Process)theory.

zh-cn	发送节点根据系统观测状态和最大置信度更新系统估计状态，根据数据包发送顺序，优先选择最早丢失且能够恢复最多丢包的编码包重传。
en-us	According to the system observation status and the maximum confidence degree, the source updates the system estimation status. And the source gives preference to select the encoding packet that can recover the earliest lost packet and the most lost packets according to the packet sending sequence.

zh-cn	目的节点缓存不可解编码包以提升编解码机会。
en-us	To increase the coding and the decoding opportunities the destination can buffer the encoding packets that cannot be decoded.

zh-cn	重传过程中源节点关注目的节点请求包需求，相同情况优先选择传输可靠性较高的中继节点，以提升传输有效性。
en-us	During retransmission procedure the source focuses on the destination re-quirements. In the same conditions the relay with higher transmission reliability is preferentially selected to improve the transmission efficiency.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，在不完美反馈下相对于传统方案，本方案可有效提高重传效率。
en-us	Simulation results show that the scheme proposed can effectively improve the retransmission effi-ciency compared with the traditional retransmission scheme with imperfect feedback in wireless multicast network.

zh-cn	针对跳频信号的高精度时差估计问题，分析了跳频信号相关函数的模糊特性，提出了基于多跳相干积累的跳频信号时差估计方法。
en-us	In order to estimate the time difference of arrival (TDOA)of frequency hopping signal accurately, the am-biguous characteristic of the correlation function is analyzed, and the TDOA estimation method of frequency hopping signalbased on multi-hop coherent integration is investigated.

zh-cn	多跳相关函数中存在周期副峰，将导致时差估计出现周期模糊，提出了两种消除模糊的方法———单跳时差平均法与相关函数包络拟合法。
en-us	The periodic peaks in the multi-hop correlation function will lead to ambiguous estimation of the TDOA;so two approaches to eliminate ambiguity are proposed:the approach of ambiguity elim-ination by TDOA averaging of single-hop (TASH)and by envelope fitting of correlation function (EFCF).

zh-cn	两种方法获得的时差粗值可以确定在相关主峰附近小范围精确搜索的搜索区间，在此区间内进行时差估计可以消除周期模糊。
en-us	Ambiguity elimination is achieved through fine peak searching between a small interval nearby the main peak, and the small interval is determined by the coarse TDOA obtained by means of TASH or EFCF.

zh-cn	单跳时差平均法通过对单跳时差估计进行非相干平均获得时差粗值。相关函数包络拟合法通过搜索到的多个周期峰值，进行包络拟合获得时差粗值。
en-us	The difference between TASH and EFCF is that the first approach obtains the coarse TDOA by incoherent averaging of TDOA estimation of single-hop, while the second ap-proach obtains the coarse TDOA by the envelope of correlation function which is fitted by using multiple periodic peaks found by whole searching.

zh-cn	仿真表明，两种算法性能明显优于常规的互模糊函数法，均能降低无模糊时差估计对相关输出信噪比的要求，提高无模糊时差估计所要求的频率间隔。
en-us	Numerical simulations demonstrate that the performance of the two proposed methods is obviously superior to the conventional CAF, and the requirement for the correlation output SNR of unambiguous estimation can be re-duced, the frequency interval for unambiguous estimation can be increased.

zh-cn	相关函数包络拟合法性能更优，但运算量更大。
en-us	The EFCF has better performance but greater computational complexity.

zh-cn	本文解决两相交流电源供电下二维全向无线充电信息物理融合系统的能量传输效率优化问题，发现了系统的频率分叉现象及其能量传输机理，利用混成自动机理论建立了系统的形式化模型。
en-us	This paper solves the problem of optimization of energy transmission efficiency in the two dimensional om-nidirectional charging cyber physical system (2DOWC-CPS)with two phase alternating current (AC)power supply, the frequency bifurcation and energy transmission mechanism are found, and a formal model of the system is established by u-sing hybrid automata theory.

zh-cn	制定了一种面向不同负载区间的多供电模式的最优输电控制策略和能量传输频率优化算法。
en-us	An optimal transmission control strategy adopting different power supply modes when the loadis in different intervals determined by the characteristic parameters of the physical coils is put forward, and a reactive algo-rithm based on the optimal control strategy is also developed to carry out the frequency optimization of energy transmission efficiency.

zh-cn	论文对共振条件下的频率分叉现象进行仿真实验，验证了两相交流电源供电下能量的最优传输理论模型，可用于电动汽车、智能手机等移动装置的充电系统。
en-us	It simulates the frequency bifurcation phenomenon under resonant condition, and verifies the optimal transmission theory model under two-phase AC power supply. So, it provides an application reference for mobile charging including elec-tric vehicles and smart phones.

zh-cn	针对复杂环境下跳频信号的检测问题，提出一种基于能量特征提取的检测算法。
en-us	A detection algorithm based on energy feature extraction is proposed for the detection of frequency-hopping signals in complex environments.

zh-cn	该算法可以准确判断信道内跳频信号的存在性。
en-us	The algorithm can accurately determine the existence of frequency hopping signal in the channel.

zh-cn	首先将接收数据投影到能量域内进行白化，抑制接收信号中存在的色噪声;
en-us	Firstly, the receiving data is projected into the energy domain to be whitened, and the color noise in the receiving signal is suppressed.

zh-cn	然后通过能量分布特征提取信道内存在的时域连续信号，去除接收信号中存在的短时突发信号;
en-us	Then, the time-domain continuous signal in the channel is extracted through the energy distribution fea-ture to remove the short-term burst signal in the receiving signal.

zh-cn	最后利用信道化处理将接收信号分解到各个子信道，通过短时能量对消的方法来检测跳频信号的存在性。
en-us	Finally, the channel processing is used to decompose the re-ceiving signal into each subchannel and detect the existence of frequency-hopping signal by means of short-term energy can-cellation.

zh-cn	对该算法的统计特性，虚警概率和检测概率进行理论推导，并对检测流程进行了实验仿真，验证了算法有效性。
en-us	The statistical properties of the algorithm, the false alarm probability and the detection probability are theoretically derived, and the experimental simulation is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.

zh-cn	本文从单基地雷达抗干扰的应用需求出发，分析了现有单基地雷达体制抗干扰的现状以及面临的困难。
en-us	This work is motivated by the increasing demand on anti-jamming techniques in radar systems. The current challenging issues on the anti-jamming task in conventional radar frameworks are outlined.

zh-cn	针对欺骗式干扰对抗的难题，提出了基于新体制波形分集阵雷达的抗主瓣方向欺骗式干扰思路，利用频率分集阵(Frequency Diverse Array，FDA)多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output，MIMO)雷达发射维自由度，实现真实目标和转发假目标在发射维度的区分，
en-us	Focused on deceptive jamming countermeasure issue, a novel framework, referred to as waveform diverse array (WDA)radar, is proposed to address theanti-jamming problem. Utilizing the additional degrees-of-freedom (DOFs)in transmit spatial frequency in frequency di-verse array (FDA)multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)radar, the true target and repeated false target can be isolated inthe transmit spatial frequency domain.

zh-cn	在部分先验知识的条件下，初步论证了 FDA-MIMO 雷达抗欺骗式干扰特别是主瓣欺骗式干扰的可行性。
en-us	Moreover, this paper investigates the feasibility by using the suggested FDA-MIMOradar to suppress the deceptive jamming signals, even those from the mainlobe direction, with help of some information ontrue target obtained in earlier detection stage.

zh-cn	同时考虑转发式欺骗干扰在时间维的伪随机特性，提出了基于多假设检验的干扰样本挑选方法，大大提高了干扰协方差矩阵的估计性能。
en-us	In consideration of the random distribution of repeated false target in time do-main, a jamming signal sample selection approach based on multi-hypothesis test is proposed, which evidently improves the estimation accuracy of jamming covariance matrix.

zh-cn	最后给出了 FDA-MIMO 雷达抗主瓣欺骗式干扰的分析与仿真结果。
en-us	Further analysis and simulation results are provided to confirm the effec-tiveness of the proposed waveform diverse array technique.

zh-cn	当前基于博弈理论的网络安全研究成果难以应用于实时、连续、随机对抗的网络攻防过程。
en-us	The current research of network security based on game theory fails to analyze the real-time, continuous, and random network attack and defense process.

zh-cn	本文针对网络安全防御的实时性和网络状态变化的随机性，基于动态、实时对抗的视角分析攻防行为，
en-us	For the randomness of security states and the real-time character of networkdefense decision-making, we analyzed the network attack and defense behaviors from the view of dynamic and real-time con-frontation.

zh-cn	在结合微分博弈模型和 Markov决策方法的基础上进行扩展，构建 Markov 攻防微分博弈模型，分析具有多个阶段且每阶段持续时间较短的攻防过程;
en-us	Then we combined and extended the differential game model and Markov decision-making method. On these ba-sis, a Markov attack-defense differential game model is constructed, which can be adopted to analyze the multi-stage attackand defense process with short duration in each stage.

zh-cn	提出多阶段博弈均衡解计算方法，设计多阶段最优防御策略选取算法。
en-us	Besides, a multi-stage game equilibrium solution is proposed, and anoptimal defense strategy selection algorithm is designed.

zh-cn	仿真实验结果表明，模型和算法有效且可行。
en-us	Finally, the experiments demonstrate that the model and method pro-posed in this paper are valid.

zh-cn	建立了两种碳化硅(SiC)器件 JFET 和 MOSFET 的失效模型。
en-us	The failure models of SiC JFET and SiC MOSFET have been developed.

zh-cn	失效模型是在传统的电路模型的基础上引入了额外附加的泄漏电流，
en-us	Based on the conventional circuitmodels of SiC JFET and SiC MOSFET, the additional leakage currents between the electrodes are introduced.

zh-cn	其中，SiC JFET 是在漏源极引入了泄漏电流，SiC MOSFET 是在漏源极和栅极引入了泄漏电流;
en-us	For SiC JFET, the leakage current between the drain and the source is considered. For SiC MOSFET, two leakage currents are considered, one is the current between the drain and the source, another is the additional leakage current of the gate.

zh-cn	同时，为了体现温度和电场强度与失效的关系，用与温度和电场强度相关的沟道载流子迁移率代替了传统电路模型所采用的常数迁移率。
en-us	Furthermore, themobility dependent on the temperature and the electric-field strength replaces the constant mobility in conventional circuit models.

zh-cn	有关文献的实验结果和半导体器件的计算机模拟(Technology Computer Aided Design，TCAD)验证了两种 SiC 器件失效模型的准确性。
en-us	The results from other experimental works and TCAD simulations verify the failure models of SiC JFET and SiCMOSFET.

zh-cn	所建立的失效模型能够对比 SiC JFET 和 SiC MOSFET 的短路特性。
en-us	The developed failure models can be used to compare the short-circuit performances of SiC JFET and SiC MOS-FET.

zh-cn	目前众多的研究者通常直接将标签置信度矩阵作为先验知识直接加入到分类模型中，并没有考虑未标注先验知识对标签集质量的影响。
en-us	At present, many researchers usually directly add the label confidence matrix as a priori knowledge to the classification model, and do not consider the influence of non-equilibrium prior knowledge on the quality of the label set.

zh-cn	基于此，引入非平衡参数的方法，将先验知识获得的基础置信度矩阵进行非平衡化，从而提出一种非平衡化的标签补全的核极限学习机多标签学习算法(KELM-NeLC):
en-us	Based on this, the method of non-equilibrium parameters is introduced, and the basis confidence matrix obtained from the prior knowledge is non-equilibrium. Therefore, a multi-label learning algorithm is proposed, which uses kernel extreme learn-ing machine with non-equilibrium label completion (KELM-NeLC).

zh-cn	首先使用信息熵计算标签之间的相关关系得到标签置信度矩阵，
en-us	Firstly, information entropy is used to measure the cor-relation between labels which gets the basic label confidence matrix.

zh-cn	然后利用非平衡参数方法对基础的标签置信度矩阵进行改进，构建出一个非平衡的标签补全矩阵，
en-us	Secondly, the basic label confidence matrix is improvedto construct non-equilibrium label completion matrix by the non-equilibrium parameter.

zh-cn	最后为了学习获得更加准确的标签置信度矩阵，将非平衡化的标签补全矩阵与核极限学习机进行联合学习，依此解决多标签分类问题。
en-us	Finally, in order to learn to obtain amore accurate label confidence matrix, the non-equilibrium label completion matrix is introduced with the kernel extremelearning machine to solve the multi-label classification problem.

zh-cn	提出的算法在公开的多个基准多标签数据集中的实验结果表明，KELM-NeLC 算法较其他对比的多标签学习算法有一定优势，使用统计假设检验进一步说明所提出算法的有效性。
en-us	The experimental results of the proposed algorithm in the o-pening benchmark multi-label datasets show that the KELM-NeLC algorithm has some advantages over other comparative multi-label learning algorithms and the statistical hypothesis test further illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed algo-rithm.

zh-cn	将分段 Logistic 映射作为局部混沌映射，引入到二维耦合映像格子模型中，构造了一种具有复杂动力学特性的混沌模型。
en-us	Using the piecewise logistic map (PLM ) as a local chaotic map for the 2D coupled map lattices(CML), this paper proposes a chaotic model with complex dynamic behavior.

zh-cn	从密码学应用出发，深入分析了该模型中参数设置对 Lyapunov 指数、分岔、遍历区间和概率密度分布等特性的影响。
en-us	The influence of some parameters to themodel features, such as the Lyapunov exponent(LE), bifurcation, ergodicity, and probability density distribution, is ana-lyzed from the view of cryptographic applications.

zh-cn	分析的结果为将该模型应用于保密通信的参数设置提供了理论依据。
en-us	The analysis results provide the theoretic evidence for the model to con-figure parameters in the secure communication.

zh-cn	在此基础上，通过引入状态值偏移量，解决了该模型状态值概率密度分布不均的问题，
en-us	Moreover, an offset is introduced to adjust the status value of lattices, which improve the ununiformity of probability density of status value.

zh-cn	研究结果表明本文模型具有良好的性能，为将其应用于混沌保密通信方案设计提供了基础与条件。
en-us	The research results show that the proposed modelhas good performance, and provide good foundation and conditions for the research of designing secure communication scheme based on this model.

zh-cn	终点碳含量是决定钢质量的关键因素，是转炉炼钢过程中需要控制的核心变量之一。
en-us	The final carbon content is the key factor in determining the quality of steel, and is one of the core varia-bles to be controlled in the process of converter steel-making.

zh-cn	本文建立了一种基于莱维飞行的鲸鱼优化算法(Levy Whale Optimization Algorithm，LWOA)和最小二乘向量机(Least Squares SupportVector Machine，LSSVM)的钢水终点碳含量综合预测模型。
en-us	Based on the Levy whale optimization algorithm (LWOA)and least squares support vector machine (LSSVM), a comprehensive prediction model of carbon content at the end of thesteel-making process is established.

zh-cn	通过莱维飞行代替了传统鲸鱼优化算法(Whale OptimizationAlgorithm，WOA)参数的随机选择，优化了鲸鱼算法中跳出局部最优的能力;
en-us	When the random selection of the parameters of the traditional whale optimization algo-rithm (WOA)is replaced with the Levy flight algorithm, the ability to jump out of the local optimum is optimized.

zh-cn	借助改变鲸鱼算法的系数向量收敛方式明显提高了鲸鱼优化算法的泛化能力、预测精度和收敛速度。
en-us	Chan-ging the method of coefficient vector convergence results in improvements to the generalization ability, prediction precisionand convergence speed of the WOA.

zh-cn	数据仿真结果表明，所提出的 LWOA-LSSVM 预测模型，不仅能够克服局部寻优获取全局最优解，而且具有快速的收敛速度和更高的预测精度，
en-us	Data simulation results show that the proposed LWOA-LSSVM forecasting model notonly overcomes the local optimization to obtain the global optimal solution, but also achieves faster convergence speed and higher prediction accuracy.

zh-cn	得出预测结果的均方根误差、平均绝对误差和平均绝对百分比误差与遗传算法 BP 神经网络、遗传算法最小二乘支持向量机和传统鲸鱼算法最小二乘支持向量机相比均有着明显提高。
en-us	Prediction results of the model, concerning root mean square error, mean absolute error, and mean absolute percentage error, show noticeable improvements when compared to those of the genetic algorithm and back propaga-tion (BP)neural network, the genetic algorithm and LSSVM, and the traditional WOA and LSSVM.

zh-cn	同时，通过调整目标命中率和训练输入样本量验证了预测模型具有更好的鲁棒性。
en-us	At the same time, through adjustments of the target hit ratio and the number of training sample entries, the prediction model is proven to bemore robust than the aforementioned algorithms.

zh-cn	在已有的卷积码同步加扰的扰码反馈多项式重构方法中，卷积码对偶码字需要先验已知。
en-us	The existing methods need to know a priori dual word of a convolutional code to reconstruct the feedback polynomial of a synchronous scrambler placed after a convolutional encoder.

zh-cn	为了解决该问题，本文基于 m 序列的三阶相关性，提出一种卷积码加扰的扰码反馈多项式重构新方法。
en-us	To overcome this limitation, a novel reconstruc-tion method is proposed based on the triple correlation property of m-sequences.

zh-cn	首先对卷积码加扰序列进行分块处理，数据块的长度为卷积码编码约束长度，相邻数据块的起始位间隔一个码长;
en-us	First, the scrambled bit sequence is dividedinto multiple blocks. The length of each block equals the constraint length of the convolutional encoder, and the interval be-tween two start points of adjacent blocks is the codeword length.

zh-cn	然后证明了加扰数据块与对偶码字相乘后，输出序列为与扰码周期相同的 m 序列，由此基于 m 序列的三阶相关峰值特性估计出对偶码字;
en-us	Then, it is proved that the generated sequence by the dot product of scrambled bit blocks with a dual word is also an m-sequence, having the same period as the synchronous scram-bler. With this result, a dual word of the convolutional encoder can be estimated based on the triple correlation property of m-sequences.

zh-cn	最后利用三阶相关峰的位置信息重构出同步扰码反馈多项式。
en-us	Finally, the feedback polynomial is reconstructed by using two locations of triple correlation peaks.

zh-cn	在有误码情况下，推导了峰值与非峰值位置处三阶相关函数值的概率分布，得到三阶相关峰的检测门限与重构结果正确的置信度。
en-us	For the case that there are bit errors in the received sequence, the probability distributions of the peak and non-peak values of triple corre-lation are derived. Therefore, the threshold for detecting triple correlation peaks is obtained, and the confidence level of the correct reconstruction is analyzed.

zh-cn	仿真实验验证了本文方法的有效性，与已有的重构方法相比，该方法无需先验已知对偶码字，消除了重构结果的不确定性，具有更好的容错性。
en-us	Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with the ex-isting methods, the proposed method does not require the prior knowledge of a dual word and eliminates the uncertainty inthe reconstruction results. Moreover, the proposed method is more robust to bit errors.

zh-cn	为了改善逆变器的性能，提出了一种辅助电路与主开关并联的单相全桥节能逆变器。
en-us	In order to improve performance of the inverter, a single-phase full bridge energy-saving inverter with auxiliary circuits in parallel with main switches is proposed.

zh-cn	逆变器采用受限单极式正弦脉宽调制(Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation，SPWM)方法，在每个开关周期，只需要控制 1 个主开关和 1 个辅助开关的切换，辅助开关可以采用固定占空比控制，而且不需要设定谐振电流阈值来控制辅助开关。
en-us	Limited monopole SPWM (Sinusoidal Pulse Width M odu-lation)is applied in the inverter. Only one main switch and one auxiliary switch need be controlled in every switchingperiod. The duty cycle of the auxiliary switch is constant. Setting threshold of resonant current need not be designed tocontrol the auxiliary switch.

zh-cn	在每个开关周期的换流过程中，需要切换的主开关所并联的谐振电容的电压能变化到零，主开关能实现零电压软开通。
en-us	During the process of commutation in every switching period, the voltage across the reso-nant capacitor in parallel with the main switch decreases to zero and zero-voltage turning-on of the main switch can beachieved.

zh-cn	辅助电路中无器件直接串联在直流母线上，可有效降低辅助电路通态损耗。
en-us	All the components in the auxiliary circuit are not in series with DC(Direct current)bus, which can effective-ly reduce the conduction loss of auxiliary circuit.

zh-cn	分析了电路工作原理，实验结果表明主开关和辅助开关都实现了软切换。
en-us	The working principle is analyzed in detail, and the experimental re-sults show that the main switch and auxiliary switch can realize soft-switching.

zh-cn	因此该拓扑能有效降低开关损耗和提高逆变器效率。
en-us	Therefore, the topology can effectivelyreduce the switching losses and improve efficiency of the inverter.

zh-cn	本文基于随机有限集的高斯混合多目标滤波器(Gaussian Mixture Multi-Target Filter，GM-MTF)提出几种传感器控制策略。
en-us	This paper proposes several sensor control strategies via Gaussian mixture multi-target filter (GM-MTF)with random finite set.

zh-cn	首先，基于容积卡尔曼高斯混合多目标非线性滤波器，借助两个高斯分布之间的巴氏距离，推导GM-MTF 的整体信息增益，并以此为基础提出相应的传感器控制策略。
en-us	First, on the basis of the cubature Kalman Gaussian mixture multi-target nonlinear filter, the global in-formation gain of the GM-MTF is deduced through the Bhattacharyya distance between the two Gaussian distributions.

zh-cn	另外，设计高斯粒子的联合采样方法对多目标滤波器的预测高斯分量进行采样，用一组带权值的粒子去近似多目标统计特性，利用理想量测集对粒子的权值进行更新，
en-us	Then, taking advantage of this information distance, this paper proposes a corresponding sensor control strategy. Furthermore, ajoint sampling method of Gaussian particle is designed to sample the predicted Gaussian component of multi-target filter. Subsequently, a set of weighted particles are used to approximate the multi-target statistical characteristic, and their weightsare updated with the ideal measurement set.

zh-cn	继而研究利用 Rényi 散度作为评价函数，提出一种适应性更好的传感器控制策略。
en-us	Next, a Rényi divergence based sensor control strategy which has better adapta-bility is proposed.

zh-cn	最后，给出基于目标势的后验期望(Posterior Expected Number of Targets，PENT)评价的高斯混合实现过程。
en-us	Finally, a detailed Gaussian mixture implementation of the posterior expected number of targets (PENT)is given.

zh-cn	仿真实验验证了提出算法的有效性。
en-us	Simulation results verify the effectiveness of these algorithms.

zh-cn	针对机动目标的跟踪问题，提出一种结合自适应匀速(Constant Acceleration，CA)模型和波形调度的平方根容积卡尔曼滤波(Square-Root Cubature Kalman Filter，SCKF)算法。
en-us	Aiming at the maneuvering target tracking problem, a novel square-root cubature Kalman filter (SCKF)is proposed by the integration of the adaptive constant acceleration (CA)model and the waveform scheduling.

zh-cn	在 CA 模型的基础上，通过构建 Jerk 分量与速度、加速度的近似关系，使得状态过程噪声与滤波器输出的状态协方差矩阵相联系，以实现模型的自适应调整。
en-us	On the basis of the CA model, the approximation relationship between the Jerk and the velocity as well as the acceleration is established inorder to make the connection of the state process noise with the state error covariance matrix.

zh-cn	另外，利用分数阶傅里叶变换(Fractional Fourier Transform，FrFT)旋转发射波形的模糊函数，使得量测误差椭圆与滤波算法中的状态预测误差椭圆正交，
en-us	As such, the adaptive adjust-ment of the proposed model is realized. Additionally, the fractional Fourier transform (FrFT)is utilized to rotate the ambi-guity function of the transmitted waveform to maintain the orthogonality between the measurement error ellipse and the state prediction error ellipse.

zh-cn	得到最优的发射波形，以从数据处理和信号处理两方面共同提升系统的跟踪性能。
en-us	Thereby, the optimal transmitting waveform can be obtained and the tracking performance is system-atically improved in both of the data processing and the signal processing.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，相比于基于改进当前统计(current statistical，CS)模型的无迹卡尔曼滤波(Unscented Kalman Filter，UKF)算法、基于 CS 模型的 SCKF 算法、基于 CA 模型的 SCKF 算法和交互式多模型(IMM)SCKF 算法，所提算法结构简单且跟踪精度更高。
en-us	The simulation results show that the proposed al-gorithm possess a simpler structure and higher accuracy than the unscented Kalman filter based on the modified current sta-tistical (CS)model, the SCKF based on the CS model, the SCKF based on the CA model and the interactive multiple model SCKF (IMM-SCKF).

zh-cn	多普勒雷达目标跟踪中，如何有效解决系统量测与目标状态之间的非线性并实现机动目标跟踪，是亟待解决的问题。
en-us	In the target tracking of Doppler radar, how to effectively solve the nonlinear relationship between the measurement of the system and the target's state and achieve maneuvering target tracking on this basis is an urgent prob-lem.

zh-cn	本文提出一种基于量测转换交互多模型(Interactive Multiple Model，IMM)的目标跟踪算法，其以 IMM为框架，并结合静态融合滤波器处理多普勒量测的结构，解决多普勒雷达机动目标跟踪问题。
en-us	A measurement conversion based interactive multiple model (IMM )target tracking algorithm is proposed. The algo-rithm uses the IMM as a framework, and combines the structure of static fusion filter to solve the maneuvering target trackingin Doppler radar.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明了所提出算法的有效性。
en-us	The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

zh-cn	建立了球栅阵列 BGA(Ball Grid Array)焊点有限元分析模型，选取焊点高度、焊点最大径向尺寸、上焊盘直径和下焊盘直径作为设计变量，以焊点应力作为目标值，采用响应曲面法设计了 29 组不同水平组合的焊点模型并建模进行仿真计算，
en-us	The finite element analysis model of BGA (Ball Grid Array)solder joints is established. The height of solder joints, the maximum radial dimension of solder joints, the diameter of upper and lower solder joints are selected as de-sign variables, and the stress of solder joints is taken as target value. 29 groups of solder joints with different levels are de-signed and simulated by response surface methodology.

zh-cn	建立了焊点应力与结构参数的回归方程，
en-us	The regression equation of solder joint stress and structural parame-ters is established.

zh-cn	基于回归方程结合遗传算法对焊点结构参数进行了优化，获得了焊点应力最小的结构参数最优水平组合。
en-us	The structural parameters of solder joint are optimized based on the regression equation and genetic algo-rithm, and the optimal level combination of structural parameters with minimum solder joint stress is obtained.

zh-cn	结果表明:对于无铅焊料 SAC387，焊点应力随焊点的高度增加而减小，随最大径向尺寸的减小而减小;
en-us	The results show that for lead-free solder SAC387, the solder joint stress decreases with the increase of solder joint height, and decreases with the decrease of maximum radial dimension;

zh-cn	应力最小的焊点水平组合为:焊点高度 0.38mm、最大径向尺寸 0.42mm、上焊盘直径 0.34mm 和下焊盘直径 0.35mm;
en-us	the combination of solder joint level with minimum stress is:solder jointheight 0. 38mm, maximum radial dimension 0. 42mm, upper pad diameter 0. 34mm and lower pad diameter 0. 35mm.

zh-cn	对最优水平组合仿真验证表明优化后焊点最大应力下降了 4.66MPa，实现了BGA 焊点的结构优化。
en-us	The re-sults show that the maximum stress of the solder joint decreases by 4. 66MPa after optimization, and the structure optimiza-tion of BGA solder joint is realized.

zh-cn	针对吸波超材料与柱面载体共形时其吸波性能变差的问题，提出了一种非均匀单元方案及其优化设计方法。
en-us	The absorption performance is going to decline when the composite absorbing metamaterial is in conformi-ty with a cylindrical carrier. A non-uniform structure for conformal composite absorbing meta material and its optimization design is proposed to improve the wideband absorbing property.

zh-cn	在柱面共形设计中，根据吸波超材料在无曲率变化方向上的周期性建立周期边界条件。
en-us	The periodic boundary conditions are established based onthe periodicity in the direction of no curvature change.

zh-cn	基于特征基函数法的子块划分个数通过周期边界条件进行压缩，降低了矩阵方程求解维度，提高了优化设计速度。
en-us	The number of sub-blocks parted by the characteristic basis function method is compressed by the periodical boundary conditions, and the dimension of the inverse of impedance matrix is alsoreduced to accelerate the optimization.

zh-cn	通过遗传算法优化，得到一组非均匀单元设计参数，并进行加工和实测。
en-us	A prototype is fabricated and measured with the optimized parameters given by genet-ic algorithm.

zh-cn	仿真和实测结果表明，所设计的非均匀单元方案改善了柱面共形对吸波超材吸波性能的影响，在 2.8 ～ 8.0GHz 频段内实现了良好的雷达散射截面积减缩特性。
en-us	The simulated and measured results show the proposed conformal absorbing material improves the influence of the cylindrical conformal and reduces the radar cross section in 2. 8 ～ 8. 0GHz for different polarized incidence.

zh-cn	符号执行在路径分析、调试和验证等软件分析过程中发挥着重要的作用。
en-us	Symbolic execution is of vital importance for software engineering activities, such as path exploration, de-bugging and verification.

zh-cn	但是随着程序规模的增大，有效的执行路径数量程指数级增长，符号执行技术往往难以有较好的分析效果。
en-us	However, symbolic execution techniques do not scale well for complicated realistic programs, be-cause the number of feasible executions paths increases exponentially.

zh-cn	符号执行分析中的两个瓶颈问题是路径条件表达式的提取和约束求解。
en-us	Path condition expression extracting and constraint sol-ving are the bottlenecks of symbolic execution.

zh-cn	状态合并是目前解决状态爆炸的常用分析方法，但是这种抽象的分析方法往往会导致错误的路径信息。依据符号执行引擎采用的搜索策略，符号执行工具在符号变量状态合并中可能会产生不可解的路径条件。
en-us	State merging is a common method to tackle the problem of state explosion, but this abstract procedure would be prone to incorrect path information.

zh-cn	提出基于依赖条件重构的程序符号值分析方法，通过综合分析各路径的路径条件逻辑表达式，提取共享的变量符号值从而提高变量状态合并的效率，
en-us	According to different searching strategy of symbol-ic engine, symbolic execution tools could generate unsolved path conditions during the process of symbolic variable statecombination. A symbol value analysis based on dependent condition reconstruction method is proposed, which analysize the logic path conditions and extracts the common variable symbols to enhance the combination efficiency.

zh-cn	同时采用逆向关联分析方法产生依赖条件集合从而提高路径分析的精度。
en-us	Meanwhile, the back-ward analysis method is used to generate dependent condition set to improve the accuracy of path analysis.

zh-cn	实验结果表明该方法相对于传统的状态合并分析方法有更高的执行效率及分析精度。
en-us	The experimental results demonstrate that it has better execution efficiency and accuracy compare to the tradition state combination methods.

zh-cn	随着互联网和云计算技术的迅猛发展，现有动态随机存储器(Dynamic Random Access Memory，DRAM)已无法满足一些实时系统对性能、能耗的需求。
en-us	With the rapid development of internet and cloud computing technology, the existing dynamic random accessmemory (DRAM)have been unable to meet the requirements of performance and energy consumption of some real time sys-tems.

zh-cn	新型非易失存储器(Non-Volatile Memory，NVM)的出现为计算机存储体系的发展带来了新的契机。
en-us	The emergence of non-volatile memory (NVM)have shown great potential for the development of the computer storage architecture.

zh-cn	本文针对 NVM 和 DRAM 混合内存系统架构，提出一种高效的混合内存页面管理机制。
en-us	This paper proposes a kind of efficient memory page management mechanism based on the hybrid NVM andDRAM memory architecture.

zh-cn	该机制针对内存介质写特性的不同，将具有不同访问特征的数据页保存在合适的内存空间中，以减少系统的迁移操作次数，从而提升系统性能。
en-us	The main idea of this mechanism is to save the data pages with different access characteristics in the appropriate memory space according to the characteristics of different memory media, to reduce the number of system mi-gration operations and improve the system performance.

zh-cn	同时该机制使用一种两路链表使得 NVM 介质的写操作分布更加均匀，以提升使用寿命。
en-us	At the same time, the mechanism uses an efficient wear-leveling algo-rithm to improve NVM＇s lifetime.

zh-cn	最后，本文在Linux 内核中对所提机制进行仿真实验。并与现有内存管理机制进行对比，实验结果证明了所提方法的有效性。
en-us	Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed method is effective.

zh-cn	区域分解方法是近来发展迅速的有限元求解方法之一。
en-us	DDM (Domain Decomposition Method)is one of the most quickly developed methods in recent years.

zh-cn	基于有限元区域分解方法以及多重网格的思想，我们研究了自适应求解以及离散扫频快速算法，并采用自主研发的高性能计算并行框架，将基于区域分解的大规模并行有限元快速算法进行了实现，并行规模能够扩展到数万 CPU 核。
en-us	We investigate the fast solving techniques of adaptive refinement and discrete frequency sweep based on DDM. Besides, an in-house developed infrastructure is used to implement the proposed algorithms, which is able to scale to tens of thousands of CPU cores.

zh-cn	我们在文中将展示程序的核心架构，以及如何采用多重网格算法的思想实现有效的粗网格校正技术，从而实现有限元线性系统的多次快速求解，加速自适应求解和离散扫频。
en-us	We demonstrate the architecture and main features of the program. Then, the DDM, p-adaptive strategy and fast frequency sweep techniques are discussed as well to show how to solve the finite element linear systems quickly.

zh-cn	最后，对算法进行了准确性验证以及大规模并行测试。
en-us	Several nu-merical examples are presented to demonstrate its accuracy, parallel efficiency and capability in electromagnetic applications.

zh-cn	目前，人脸美丽预测存在数据规模小、分类难度大、深度特征研究不足等问题。
en-us	At present, facial beauty prediction is facing the problems, in which data is insufficient, the face image is hard to classify, and the deep feature lacks research.

zh-cn	为此，本文提出基于双激活层深度卷积特征的人脸美丽预测研究的解决方案。
en-us	To solve these problems, a solution to facial beauty prediction research based on double activation layer depth convolution feature is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，采用数据增强和人脸对齐方法来增加训练集的样本数量和提高数据库的数据质量。
en-us	Firstly, we use the method of data augmentation andface alignment to increase the number of samples in training set and improve the data quality of database.

zh-cn	其次，提出一种双激活层改进 CNN 模型，使其更适合人脸美丽预测应用。
en-us	Secondly, we pro-pose a double activation layer (DAL)to design a CNN model that is more suitable for facial beauty prediction.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，本文所提方法在分类和回归预测方面均大幅度优于传统人脸美丽预测方法;
en-us	Experimen-tal results based on 2000 test set show that the method proposed is superior to the traditional method of facial beauty predic-tion both in classification and regression.

zh-cn	同时，在主流的 CNN 模型中取得了较好的实时性和准确性，基于 2000 测试集的分类准确率达到 61.1% ，回归相关度达到 0.8546。
en-us	In addition, the proposed method achieves better results and real time performance than the state-of-art CNN model, in which rank-1 recognition rate is 61. 1% and the Pearson correlation coefficient is 0. 8546.

zh-cn	因此，双激活层在深层人脸美丽特征学习中发挥了重要作用，可广泛应用于人脸图像识别与处理。
en-us	Consequently, the DAL method plays an important role in deep facial prediction learning, which can be widely used in face recognition and image processing.

zh-cn	针对谱峰搜索的二维波达方向估计中现有算法复杂度高，精度受搜索间隔影响较大的问题，给出了一种双向传播算子的互质面阵二维波达方向估计算法，实现了俯仰角和方位角的低复杂、高精度、无模糊联合估计。
en-us	In the existing two-dimensional direction-of-arrival (DOA)estimation algorithms based on spectral peaksearch, the complexity is high and the accuracy is greatly influenced by the search interval. To overcome these problems, This paper examines a two-dimensional DOA estimation with coprime rectangular array using bi-directional propagator method, which realizes a low complexity, high accuracy, unambiguous for 2-D estimation.

zh-cn	该方法首先将互质阵列引入到二维波达方向估计中，构造互质平面阵模型，
en-us	Firstly, this algorithm introduces coprimearray into 2-D DOA estimation, and constructs a coprime rectangular array model.

zh-cn	然后采用两次旋转不变传播算子方法计算出不同阵列流型方向上的旋转因子矩阵，根据旋转因子矩阵解算出目标信号的俯仰角和方位角，
en-us	The two rotation factor matrices along the different directions for propagator method can be got, the elevation angle and azimuth angle for the sources can be obtained from the rotation factor matrices.

zh-cn	同时利用互质理论消除了稀疏阵列角度估计的不确定性，证明了互质阵列模型下采用双向传播算子方法进行俯仰角和方位角估计的无模糊性。
en-us	Further more, the multi values of sparse array are eliminated by using coprime theory, andthe proof of unambiguous for two-dimensional DOA estimation under the coprime array model is provided.

zh-cn	对算法的复杂度进行理论分析，并给出了平面阵列角度估计的克拉美罗界推导。
en-us	This paper alsoanalyzes the complexity and gives the Cramer Rao lower bounds (CRB)of coprime rectangular array.

zh-cn	理论分析与仿真结果表明，算法不需要进行角度匹配和谱峰搜索，在相同条件下的均方根误差性能优于均匀平面阵的多重信号分类算法，
en-us	Theoretical analysisand simulation results show that this algorithm does not need to angle matching and spectrum peak search, under the sameconditions, the root mean square error (RMSE)performance is better than the multiple signal classification (MUSIC)algo-rithm of uniform rectangular array.

zh-cn	并且以较低的复杂度无模糊的达到了高维网格搜索的精度。
en-us	At the same time, the proposed algorithm can reach the same accuracy of high dimension-al grid search with low complexity and without ambiguity.

zh-cn	悬空波导的测量方法有直接测量和间接测量两种。
en-us	Elevated duct can be measured through direct or indirect ways.

zh-cn	传统的直接测量手段只能得到单点的波导信息。间接测量也存在一定的局限性，不能获取高时空分辨率的波导多维空间信息。
en-us	Nevertheless, both of these traditional meth-ods are inadequate because direct measurement can only obtain single-point information, while indirect measurement can notobtain multidimensional information with high temporal and spatial resolution.

zh-cn	而静止气象卫星由于其高时空分辨率观测的特点，能对我国沿海海域大气环境进行时空四维监测。
en-us	Geostationary meteorological satellite can beused to monitor ocean atmospheric environment because of its ability to capture four-dimensional information with high tem-poral and spatial resolution.

zh-cn	文中借鉴国外一种基于气象卫星数据反演悬空波导的方法，利用我国静止气象卫星 FY-2G 的云分类和云顶温度数据、地面观测数据及探空数据，分析该方法中各影响因素的敏感性，初步检验了该方法在我国沿海的适用性。
en-us	This paper presents a foreign inversion method of elevated duct based on geostationary meteoro-logical satellite data, and the applicability of this method was verified with cloud classification and cloud top temperature pro-ductions from FY-2G, ground-based meteorological observation and radiosonde data in Chinese regional seas.

zh-cn	提出建立本地海域悬空波导反演方法的几个关键问题:
en-us	Several key re-search aspects are needed to be solved for setting up the method in Chinese regional seas as, which include:

zh-cn	①选用高精度云顶温度反演数据;
en-us	Using high-pre-cision cloud-top temperature data,

zh-cn	②选择合适规定层(850hPa 或 700hPa);
en-us	selecting appropriate standard pressure level from 850hPa or 700hPa,

zh-cn	③根据本地数据得到一些参量的经验值;
en-us	obtaining values ofempirical parameters according to local-area radiosonde data,

zh-cn	④建立本地参数化方案。
en-us	and setting up a local parameterization schemes.

zh-cn	下一步将寻找更多我国不同沿海海域的事例进行验证，该方法有希望运用到我国沿海大气波导监测中，为我国沿海大气波导监测和反演提供一种新方法新技术。
en-us	The verifica-tion of applicability for the method in Chinese regional seas will be carried out, positive result of which can potentially see asan effective new means used in monitoring elevated duct in Chinese regional seas.

zh-cn	芯片后门指令是激活硬件木马的典型方式之一，其安全风险高，影响范围广，且难于检测。
en-us	The backdoor instruction of chip is one of the typical ways to activate hardware Trojan, which has high se-curity risk and a wide range of impact besides being difficult to be detected.

zh-cn	本文提出了一种基于能量分析的后门指令检测方法，通过对指令分段穷举、并分别采集其能量信息，可有效区分常规指令和后门指令。
en-us	In this paper, we propose a detection method of the backdoor instruction based on power analysis technology. By utilizing the segmented exhausting process and some power traces, the backdoor instruction can be distinguished from the conventional instruction effectively.

zh-cn	实验表明，通过简单能量分析即可从能量迹中直接判定出后门指令。
en-us	The experiments show that the backdoor instruction can be analyzed successfully from the power traces by simple power analysis (SPA).

zh-cn	进一步，本文提出了一种自动化识别后门指令的相关能量分析方法，通过判断其相关系数与系数均值之间的关系，可高效、自动地完成后门指令分析。
en-us	Moreover, we also present an automatic detection method for the backdoor instruction based on correlation power analysis (CPA). Bycomparing the correlation coefficient with the mean value of the coefficient, backdoor instruction can be analyzed efficiently and automatically.

zh-cn	采用基于中继功率分配的能量收集方法，中继将接收到的部分射频信号转化为能量并利用收集到的能量放大和转发剩下的信号，
en-us	An energy harvesting method based on power splitting-based relay is adopted, where the relay converts part of the received radio frequency signals into energy and amplifies and forwards the remaining signal using the collected ener-gy.

zh-cn	通过在中继使用最大比合并 /最大比传送的接收和预编码技术，推导出每个用户的遍历速率的下界表达式，然后研究了使所有用户和速率最大的最佳中继功率分配比。
en-us	By using maximum-ratio combining /maximum-radio transmission receiving and precoding technology at the relay node, the corresponding lower bound expressions for the ergodic rate of each user are derived and the optimal relay power alloca-tion ratio which maximizes the sum rate of all users is calculated.

zh-cn	仿真结果说明了在最佳中继功率分配比的条件下可以得到最大的和速率，同时给出了和速率与中继天线数和用户对数的关系，
en-us	The simulation results show that the maximum sum ratecan be obtained under the optimal relay power allocation ratio, and the relationship between the sum rate with the number ofrelay antennas and the number of users is given.

zh-cn	并表明了在用户总功率一定的条件下，能量收集中继系统的性能优于传统的没有能量收集的中继系统。
en-us	What's more, the performance of the relay system based on energy harves-ting outperforms that without energy harvesting.

zh-cn	针对如何有效使用多源域的决策知识去预测目标域样例标签的问题，提出一种平衡域与样例信息的多源迁移学习算法。
en-us	When transfer learning attempts to leverage the decision knowledge effectively from multiple source do-mains to predict the labels of instances accurately in target domain, it should consider how to well balance source and target domains, and their instances in both domains.

zh-cn	为实现上述目的，本文提出了一种基于域与样例平衡的多源迁移学习方法(Multi-source TransferLearning by Balancing both Domains and Instances，MTL-BDI)。
en-us	In this paper, a novel multi-source transfer learning method called mlti-sourcetransfer learning by balancing both domains and instances (MTL-BDI)is proposed to achieve the above goal.

zh-cn	该方法的基本思想是将域层面和样例层面的双加权平衡项嵌入到迁移学习的原始目标函数中，然后利用交替优化技术对提出的目标函数进行有效求解。
en-us	The basic ideaof the proposed method is to embed the doubly weighted domain-level and instance-level balance term into the original ob-jective function of transfer learning and then solve the proposed objective function effectively by using the alternating optimi-zation technique.

zh-cn	在文本和图像数据集上的大量实验表明，该方法在分类精度方面确实优于现有的多源迁移学习方法 MCC-SVM(Multiple Convex Combinationof SVM)、A-SVM(Adaptive SVM)、Multi-KMM(Multiple Kernel Mean Matching)和 DAM(Domain Adaptation Machine)。
en-us	Extensive experiments on text and image datasets indicate that the proposed method indeed outperformsseveral existing multi-source transfer learning methods MCC-SVM (Multiple Convex Combination of SVM), A-SVM (A-daptive SVM), Multi-KMM (Multiple Kernel Mean Matching)and DAM (Domain Adaptation Machine)in the sense of classification accuracy on target domain.

zh-cn	本文针对矢量基二维 DCT 修剪提出内存存取减少方法。
en-us	This paper proposes a novel memory reference reduction method for vector-radix 2D DCT pruning.

zh-cn	该方法旨在减少计算中因权重因子和信号输入而导致的内存存取。
en-us	this method aims to reduce the memory reference owing to weighting factors and signal input.

zh-cn	它首先利用权重因子的属性将计算流程图内每相邻两阶段内的蝴蝶运算单元进行融合，然后再以较少的权重因子来计算。
en-us	The proposed method merges the butterflies at every neighboring two stages in the computation diagram, and then computes them with fewer weighting fac-tors.

zh-cn	本文采用通用 DSP 处理器来验证该方法对矢量基二维 DCT 修剪算法的有效性。
en-us	Hardware platform based on general purpose processor is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method forvector-radix 2-D FCT pruning implementation.

zh-cn	并且实验结果显示该方法相比于常规方法可以大幅度减少运算所需的时钟周期数、降低对运算中对内存的存取量、以及占用更少的内存。
en-us	Experimental results validate the benefits of the proposed method with lessclock cycle, less memory reference, and fewer memory space compared with the conventional implementation.

zh-cn	天发舰收高频雷达是对传统固定平台条件下天地波雷达系统的延伸，由于舰载平台运动和传播信道中电离层的影响，使得一阶海杂波谱呈现出更多特点。
en-us	The shipborne high frequency sky-surface wave radar is a further extension of the sky-surface wave ra-dar system under the traditional fixed platform. However, due to the influence of the shipborne platform motion and the ionosphere in the propagation channel, the first-order sea clutter spectrum exhibits more features.

zh-cn	本文根据 Walsh 模型中一阶电场方程，推导得到了天发舰收传播模式下一阶海面散射截面积的解析表达式。
en-us	Based on the first-or-der electric field equation in the Walsh model, the analytic expression of the first-order ocean surface cross-section forthe sky-ship propagation mode is derived.

zh-cn	然后，根据表达式对不同因素对一阶谱的影响进行仿真分析。
en-us	Then, according to the expression, the effects of different factors on the first-order spectrum are simulated and analyzed.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明雷达工作频率、舰载平台运动和电离层水平漂移运动是引起一阶海杂波谱多普勒展宽的主要原因，
en-us	Simulation results demonstrate that the radar operating frequency, the mo-tion of the platform and the horizontal motion of the ionosphere are the main reasons of the first-order sea clutterDoppler spectrum broadening.

zh-cn	风向主要影响一阶海杂波谱的形态变化，而这一特点为根据一阶海杂波谱进行海洋遥感提供了可能。
en-us	The wind direction mainly affects the morphological changes of the first-order sea clutterspectrum, and this feature provides the possibility of ocean remote sensing according to the first-order sea clutter spec-trum.

zh-cn	相较于传统空时自适应处理(STAP)技术，稀疏恢复(SR)STAP 技术在小样本条件下杂波抑制性能显著提升，因此适用于现实非均匀杂波环境。
en-us	Compared with conventional space-time adaptive processing (STAP)technique, sparse recovery (SR)STAP technique can significantly improve the clutter suppression performance in the case of limited training samples, andhence is well suited for practical non-homogeneous clutter environment.

zh-cn	本文首先阐述了 SR STAP 基本原理，分析了机载雷达杂波空时稀疏特性;
en-us	Firstly, the paper describes the principle of SRSTAP, and analyzes the clutter sparsity in space-time plane for airborne radar.

zh-cn	然后总结了 SR STAP 发展历史与现状，并在此基础上针对其相关科学问题进行了探讨，包括:空时谱估计还是杂波抑制、单观测样本还是多观测样本、白化还是置零、重构算法参数依赖还是不依赖、非平稳杂波下是否适用及干扰条件下是否可行;
en-us	Then the development and current status of SRSTAP is summarized. On this basis, some key issues about the technique are discussed which include space-time spectrum estimation or clutter suppression, single or multiple measurements, clutter whitening or nulling, parameter dependence or in-dependence for recovery algorithms, whether applicable for non-stationary clutter environment, and whether feasible under the condition of jamming.

zh-cn	最后给出了当前 SR STAP 技术走向实用化过程中所面临的关键问题，即网格失配和空域误差影响，并分别讨论了无网格压缩感知和字典自校正的解决途径。
en-us	Finally, key problems confronted in the real-world applications for sparse recovery STAP tech-nique are presented, which include off-grid effect, influence of spatial errors, and huge computational cost. Meanwhile, effec-tive ways including gridless compressive sensing and self-calibration of overcomplete dictionary are respectively discussed to solve above problems.

zh-cn	热阴极广泛应用于真空电子器件、加速器、自由电子激光等各类束流装置，热阴极表面状态非均匀性对束流本征发射度有着显著的影响。
en-us	Surface non-uniformity including temperature, work and geometric profile affect intrinsic emittance of thermionic cathode of vacuum electronics and accelerators.

zh-cn	本文推导了非均匀发射阴极的均方根本征发射度理论形式，并分析了逸出功非均匀性及其统计效应对本征发射度的影响。
en-us	In order to understand how intrinsic emittance is manipulated bywork function variation, a general intrinsic emittance model consisting of contributions from surface non-uniformity was de-veloped.

zh-cn	针对逸出功径向和一维余弦分布模型，计算了均方根发射度与逸出功非均匀性关系的理论数值解;基于有限差分法粒子仿真技术，开发了专用于阴极仿真的程序 YY-PICMC，并验证了理论形式的正确性;
en-us	Finite-difference time-domain particle-in-cell (FDTD-PIC)simulation verified numerical calculation result of cath-odes with work function radical variation and 1D cosine periodic variation.

zh-cn	针对逸出功二维余弦分布模型进行了理论和仿真分析，结果表明逸出功分布空间频数对均方根发射度涨落有显著影响，当空间频数趋于无限大时，发射度增长系数趋于 1，即逸出功均匀阴极的情形;
en-us	Furthermore, theoretical results and simulation forcathodes with work function of 2D cosine periodic variance and 2D random distribution showed that emittance increase coef-ficient approaches to 1 and variance of emittance increase coefficient decreased quickly when spatial frequency increased.

zh-cn	最后，分析了最接近真实阴极表面状态的二维逸出功随机分布模型，仿真结果表明随着空间频数增加，发射度增长系数统计方差逐渐减小，符合余弦模型结果的预期。
en-us	This paper shows that work non-uniformity hardly affects intrinsic emittance if cathode diameter is much larger than the av-erage size of micro work region;in contrast, intrinsic emittance may differ from uniform case notably if micro size is compa-rable to cathode diameter.

zh-cn	本文建立的理论形式和仿真方法可以用于评估各类阴极表面逸出功空间非均匀性特征对束流本征发射度的影响程度。
en-us	Moreover, theoretical model and simulation method are useful to assess influence of work or tem-perature non-uniformity on intrinsic emittance of kinds of cathode.

zh-cn	为改进亮度保持双直方图均衡算法的不足，提出基于最大熵模型的动态范围优化方法，扩展了双直方图均衡算法的应用范围，使之不仅适用于正常亮度图像，对低照度及高亮图像也能取得较好的效果。
en-us	In order to improve the drawback of brightness preserving bi-histogram equalization (BHE)algorithms, adynamic range optimization method based on maximum entropy model is proposed to extend the application range of BHE algorithms, which makes it not only suitable for normal brightness image, but also can get good effect on low illumination and high brightness image.

zh-cn	算法首先选用大津法确定直方图数据分割点;
en-us	Firstly, the segmentation point decided by Otsu divides the original histogram into two sub-histo-grams.

zh-cn	然后对初始直方图进行预处理;
en-us	And then, a hybrid adjustable method is proposed to pre-process the initial histogram.

zh-cn	根据所提出的最大熵模型确定最佳的动态范围分割点;
en-us	After that, based on the pro-posed maximum entropy model, the best dynamic range segmentation point is determined by an ergodic optimization meth-od.

zh-cn	最后进行双直方图均衡得到增强图像。
en-us	Finally, the BHE procedure outputs the final contrast enhanced image.

zh-cn	本文选取多个图像数据库进行测试，并与 BBHE(Brightness preserving Bi-Histo-gram Equalization)、BPCLBHE(Brightness Preserving and Contrast Limited Bi-Histogram Equalization)、ESIHE(Exposurebased Sub Image Histogram Equalization)和 DRSHE(Dynamic Range Separate Histogram Equalization)进行比较，同时将信息熵、对比度和 NIQE(Natural Image Quality Evaluator)作为客观评价指标。
en-us	Multiple image databases are selected for testingand compared with BBHE (Brightness preserving Bi-Histogram Equalization), BPCLBHE (Brightness Preserving and Con-trast Limited Bi-Histogram Equalization), ESIHE (Exposure based Sub Image Histogram Equalization)and DRSHE (Dy-namic Range Separate Histogram Equalization), and we use the entropy, contrast and NIQE (Natural Image Quality Evalua-tor)as objective evaluation indexes.

zh-cn	实验结果证明，本文算法对各类图像均具有较好的主观视觉效果和客观评价指标，在保留细节的同时兼顾了对比度的增强。
en-us	The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms otherstate-of-the-art BHE algorithms on almost all types of images, with better subjective visual effective and better objective score of quality evaluation, and it takes the enhancement of contrast into account while preserving details.

zh-cn	针对宽带子阵域自适应波束形成器在实际使用中稳健性下降、对弱信号的检测能力受信噪比限制的问题，提出了一种宽带子阵域特征空间稳健对角减载自适应波束形成方法。
en-us	The robustness of broadband adaptive beamformer decreases in practice and the detection ability of weaksignal is limited by signal noise ratio (SNR). To solve those problems, a broadband robust diagonal reducing adaptive beam-forming based on subarray subspace is proposed.

zh-cn	首先提出利用子阵域特征空间投影法修正导引向量并得到球形不确定集的估计，再利用 RCB(Robust Capon Beamformer)算法得到约束条件下的最优权值。
en-us	Firstly, the subarray subspace projection method is used to correct signalsteering vector, and a spherical uncertainty set is designed to get subarray robust capon beamformer (RCB)weight vector.

zh-cn	另一方面，利用子阵域互谱密度矩阵的最小特征值作为子阵域非相关噪声功率的估计并进行对角减载，以最优权值对减载矩阵波束形成得到子带波束输出，对每个窄子带重复上述处理，再将结果非相干叠加即可得到本文方法的最终结果。
en-us	On the other hand, the least eigenvalue of subarray cross spectral density matrix is proposed as the estimation of non-correla-ted noise power, and the main diagonal of subarray cross spectral density matrix is subtracted from the noise power and pro-cessed by the proposed beamformer. The above process is repeated for each sub-band and all outputs are incoherentlysummed to obtain the final result of the proposed method.

zh-cn	理论及实验分析表明方法能提高自适应波束形成器的稳健性及输出信噪比。
en-us	Theoretical and experimental analysis shows that the proposed al-gorithm can improve the robustness and the output SNR of the adaptive beamformer.

zh-cn	针对变频正弦混沌神经网络寻优精度与收敛速度无法兼顾的问题，通过分析暂态混沌神经网络的优化机制和现有的退火策略，提出了一种基于自适应模拟退火策略的变频正弦混沌神经网络模型。
en-us	The frequency conversion sinusoidal chaotic neural network (FCSCNN)cannot consider search accuracy and convergence speed simultaneously. In order to solve the mentioned problem, a novel self-adaptive simulated annealing (SSA)strategy is proposed by analyzing the optimization mechanism of the transiently chaotic neural network (TCNN)and the exist-ing annealing strategy.

zh-cn	该模型可以根据混沌神经元的 Lyapunov 指数来确定合适的自反馈连接权值。
en-us	It can give appropriate self-feedback connection weights based on the characteristics of Lyapunov expo-nent.

zh-cn	给出了混沌神经元的倒分岔图、Lyapunov 指数及不同退火函数的时间演化图，证明了自适应模拟退火策略能够自主选择合适的退火速度，更有效的利用混沌全局搜索能力，并加快非混沌态的演化时间。
en-us	The reversed bifurcation, Lyapunov exponent and annealing function evolution diagram of the chaotic neuron are given and the dynamic characteristic is analyzed. It shows that the SSA strategy can choose appropriate annealing speed in different stages, which can not only make full use of chaotic global searching ability but also accelerate convergence speed.

zh-cn	为了证明该模型的有效性，将其应用于函数优化和组合优化问题中。
en-us	Based on the neuron model, a novel FCSCNN with SSA strategy (FCSCNN-SSA)is proposed and applied to nonlinear function optimiza-tion and combinational optimization problems.

zh-cn	仿真实验表明:(1)对于该模型退火速度的选择，自适应模拟退火策略比现有的几种退火方法更具有灵活性和适应性;
en-us	The simulation results show that:(1)The SSA strategy can targeted choose theappropriate annealing speed, which is superior to other several existing simulated annealing methods for pertinence and adapta-bility and can be expanded to other similar models with same optimization mechanism;

zh-cn	(2)该模型在寻优精度和速度上比暂态混沌神经网络及其他改进模型具有更好的兼顾性。
en-us	(2)FCSCNN-SSA can converge witha fast speed and search accuracy simultaneously than TCNN, TCNN-SEA, I-TCNN, NCNN, BFS-TCNN, FCSCNN.

zh-cn	在大量实际应用问题进化优化的适应度评价都受到了噪声的干扰。
en-us	In many practical applications of evolutionary optimization, the fitness evaluation is subject to noise.

zh-cn	本文研究了正态随机噪声对适应度评价的影响机理，对比分析了正态随机噪声环境下不同适应度评价方法的性能。
en-us	In This paper, the effect of normal random noise on fitness evaluation is studied, and the performance of different fitness evaluation methods is compared and analyzed.

zh-cn	本文提出了一种多次评价一次采样的动态适应度评价方法，该方法在种群更新过程中，重新评价上一代种群，可以降低伪优个体(劣个体)的生存周期，抑制随机噪声对优胜劣汰机制的影响。
en-us	A dynamic fitness evaluation method is proposed. In the process of population regenera-tion, the method evaluates all surviving individuals again, reduces the survival period of the pseudo-superior individuals (the inferior individuals), and restrains the interference with noise on the survival of the fittest.

zh-cn	实验结果也表明总采样次数相同的情况下，新方法的性能优于一次评价一次采样和一次评价多次采样方法。
en-us	Experimental results show that the proposed method has better performance than the method of one evaluate and one sampling or one evaluate and multiple sampling at the same total number of sampling.

zh-cn	有限域上二重量码的构造是图论、编码与密码中的重要研究课题。
en-us	The construction of two-weight codes over finite fields is an important research topic in graph, coding and cryptography fields.

zh-cn	本文得到了有限域上两类新的 2-重量码并且它们都是最优的，达到了 Griesmer 界。
en-us	We obtain two new series of two-weight codes over finite fields and they are both optimal, which arriveat Griesmer bound.

zh-cn	这些码由有限域的扩域上迹码的 p 元像定义，有阿贝尔码的代数结构，利用特征和和高斯和来计算了它们的重量分布。
en-us	These codes are defined as p-ary images of trace codes over the extended fields. They have the algebraicstructure of abelian codes. Their weight distributions are evaluated explicitly by using character sums, Gauss sums in particu-lar.

zh-cn	我们也计算了这些像码的对偶码的极小距离。
en-us	We also calculate the minimum distance of the dual codes of the image codes.

zh-cn	最后对扩域上迹码的像在秘钥共享方案中的应用进行了刻画。
en-us	Finally, an application of the Gray imagesof trace codes over the extended fields to secret sharing schemes is described.

zh-cn	由于光流场既包含物体的运动信息，又包含场景的三维结构信息，因此光流计算技术是计算机视觉和机器视觉领域研究的重要任务之一。
en-us	Because the optical flow field contains both the motion information of the object and the three-dimensional structure information of the scene, optical flow calculation technology is one of the important tasks in the field of computervision and machine vision.

zh-cn	针对现有光流计算方法在图像边缘保护方面存在过度平滑问题，提出一种基于相互结构引导滤波的 TV-L1(Total Variational with L1 norm，TV-L1)变分光流估计方法。
en-us	But, for the existing optical flow methods, there is over-smoothing problem in image boundary preserving. This paper proposes a global TV-L1(Total Variational with L1 norm, TV-L1)variational optical flow computa-tion method based on the mutual-structure guided filtering.

zh-cn	通过提取置信度较高的图像相互结构区域，构造基于相互结构引导滤波的全局目标函数，并采用金字塔分层细化与交替迭代方案结合的策略进行优化，该方法可以较好的保护图像边缘信息。
en-us	By extracting the mutual-structural regions of the image with higher confidence, we construct the global mutual-structure guided filtering objective function, and optimize the algorithm viacombining the pyramid layering strategy with the alternating iteration scheme.

zh-cn	最后采用标准测试图像集对本文方法与现有代表性变分方法 LDOF(LargeDisplacement Optical Flow，LDOF)，CLG-TV(Combined Local-Global Total Variation，CLG-TV)，Classic + + ，NNF(NearestNeighbor Fields，NNF)以及深度学习方法 FlowNet2.0 进行对比，
en-us	This method can better preserve the image boundary information. Finally, we compare the proposed method with the existing representative variational methods LDOF(Large Displacement Optical Flow, LDOF), CLG-TV (Combined Local-Global Total Variation, CLG-TV), Classic + + , NNF(Nearest Neighbor Fields, NNF)and deep learning method FlowNet2. 0 by using standard test image datasets.

zh-cn	实验结果表明本文方法具有较高的光流估计精度与鲁棒性，尤其对图像边缘保护具有显著的效果，并且在运动目标检测，机器人避障等方面具有一定应用前景。
en-us	The ex-perimental results demonstrate that the presented method has more accuracy and better robustness than the other evaluated methods, especially has the significant effect of boundary preserving in the areas, and it has application prospects in movingtarget detection, robot obstacle avoidance, and so on.

zh-cn	为消除射频脉宽调制(Radio Frequency Pulse Width Modulation，RF-PWM)的特定谐波，本文提出了一种适用于全数字发信机(All-Digital Transmitters，ADTx)的多电平 RF-PWM 方法。
en-us	To eliminate the selective harmonics of radio frequency pulse width modulation (RF-PWM)signals, a no-vel multi-level RF-PWM method for all-digital transmitters (ADTx)is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法利用多个自适应门限与相位调制信号实时比较，控制多个子脉冲的脉冲宽度，在基波分量加权之和正比于输入信号包络的前提下，使其特定谐波分量相互抵消。
en-us	This method compares the adaptive thresh-olds in real-time with the phase modulated signal, and controls the pulsewidth of the corresponding subpulses to make the se-lected harmonics cancel each other out and keep the weighted superposition of fundamental frequency components propor-tional to input envelope.

zh-cn	和现有技术相比，该方法可显著降低 ADTx 的输出滤波要求，提高其宽频段性能。
en-us	Compared with the existing techniques, the proposed method can significantly relax the filtering re-quirements and improve the wideband performance of the ADTx.

zh-cn	以 3 次谐波消除为例，本文给出了对应 5 电平 RF-PWM 方案，并利用仿真和离线实验证明了该方案的有效性。
en-us	For the third harmonic elimination, the corresponding 5-level RF-PWM scheme is presented in this paper. Finally, the proposed scheme is verified by extensive simulations and off-line measurements.

zh-cn	Majority 门作为多数逻辑电路的基本逻辑单元，其性能直接影响整体电路的质量。
en-us	Majority gate is core element of Majority logic circuit that affects the overall performance of circuit.

zh-cn	使用量子元胞自动机(QCA)设计 Majority 门具有结构简单的优点。
en-us	The majority gate designed in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata(QCA)has the advantage of simple structure.

zh-cn	本文提出了一种三层电路实现五输入 Majority 门的设计，并以此设计了全加器，进一步应用于多位加法器和乘法器中，
en-us	In this paper, a five-input majority gate with triple-layer design is proposed. Based on the designed five-input majority gate, full adder, adder andmultiplier are designed.

zh-cn	与已发表的电路设计比较表明，其版图使用面积和元胞数有明显的减少，加法器元胞数和面积改进最高可达 43% 和 87.2 % ，乘法器元胞数和面积改进最高可达 48.2% 和 100% 。
en-us	Compared with previous design, the simulation results show the number of QCA cells and area of the proposed adder are improved up to 43% and 87. 2% respectively while those of the proposed multiplier are improved up to48. 2% and 100% respectively.

zh-cn	度分布是影响 Luby 变换(Luby transform，LT)码性能优劣的关键因素，为了得到更优的度分布，提出一种基于改进的二进制指数分布(improved binary exponential distribution，IBED)和仿生算法的 LT 码度分布设计方案。
en-us	The degree distribution greatly influences the performance of Luby transform(LT)codes. In order to obtain abetter degree distribution, a method is proposed to design the degree distribution for LT codes based on improved binary expo-nential distribution(IBED)and bionic algorithm.

zh-cn	采用 IBED 度分布进行 LT 编码，初始译码成功率可高达 90% 以上，
en-us	The decoding performance of IBED outperforms robust soliton distribution(RSD)when the overhead is small, and its successful decoding rate reaches more than 90% .

zh-cn	但随着译码开销增大，译码成功率上升速度减缓，而此时鲁棒孤子分布(robust soliton distribution，RSD)的译码性能表现更佳。
en-us	The successful decoding rate for IBED rises slowly as the overhead increases, while RSD performs better.

zh-cn	为了将 IBED 和 RSD 的优点有机结合，利用人工鱼群算法(artificial fish swarm algorithm，AFSA)在两种度分布间寻优，基于期望可译集构建该算法的目标函数，通过最大化目标值得到更优的度分布。
en-us	In order to combine the advantages of IBED andRSD, we use artificial fish swarm algorithm(AFSA)to search the optimal degree distribution between these two. The expected ripple size is employed to present the objective function for AFSA, and the optimal degree distribution is obtained by maximi-zing the objective value.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，与类似方法及传统的 RSD 相比，采用新度分布进行 LT 编码可明显降低译码开销，并节约编译码耗时。
en-us	Simulation results show that compared to other optimized degree distributions and RSD, the new de-gree distribution reduces the overhead, and saves the average consuming time per encoding /decoding process.

zh-cn	多标签碰撞问题被认为是射频识别系统中的一个关键问题。
en-us	Multi-tags collision has been considered as a critical problem in RFID system.

zh-cn	近来，许多基于比特追踪技术的查询树算法被提出用于有效的解决标签碰撞问题，
en-us	Recently, many query treeprotocols based on bit tracking technology have been presented for resolving the tag collision efficiently.

zh-cn	然而由于无用的碰撞比特信息和空闲时隙的存在，这些查询树算法的性能都有待进一步提升。
en-us	However, their per-formance need to be further improved because of unused collided bits and idle slots.

zh-cn	本文提出了一种基于比特查询的查询方法，该算法使得标签返回一个映射过比特串来取代原始的ID 序列。
en-us	In this paper, a bit query based methodis presented, which requires the tag to respond a mapped bit string instead of its ID sequence.

zh-cn	同传统的 ID 查询相比较，比特查询不仅可以消除空闲查询还可以将碰撞标签分成更多子集并充分利用碰撞比特信息。
en-us	Compared with traditional IDquery, it not only eliminate idle queries, but also can separate collided tags into many smaller subsets and make full use of the collided bits as well.

zh-cn	基于该比特查询方法，我们提出了一种基于比特查询的多进制树(Bit query based M-ary tree，BQBMT)新型查询树算法，它通过多进制树迭代的分离碰撞，并通过比特查询模式和 ID 查询模式之间的最佳切换来快速识别标签。
en-us	Based on this method, a novel query tree protocol bit query based M-ary tree(BQBMT)is pro-posed, which recursively resolves collisions by forming a M-ary tree, and optimally switches from bit query mode to ID que-ry mode for quickly identifying the tags when tag is readable.

zh-cn	理论分析和仿真结果显示，BQBMT 算法的的系统效率接近 0.89，超过了现有的 QT 算法和混合防碰撞算法。
en-us	Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the sys-tem efficiency of BQBMT is close to 0. 89, which outperforms the other existing QT-based and hybrid algorithms.

zh-cn	在分布式光伏发电系统中，光伏电池一般通过 DC-DC 变换器与后级相连，以实现输出最大功率跟踪(MPPT)。
en-us	In distributed photovoltaic(PV)generation systems, PV cells are in general connected to downstream powerstage through interfacing DC-DC converters to fulfill maximum power point tracking (MPPT).

zh-cn	由于光伏电池的本质电流源特性，使得输入电压反馈控制光伏接口 MPPT 变换器为电流源变换器，会呈现出与常见电压源变换器截然不同的动态特性。
en-us	Due to inherent current-source nature of the PV cell, the input voltage controlled PV-interfacing MPPT converter will become a current-fed(CF)con-verter which shows distinct dynamic features from those of the usual voltage-fed(VF)converters.

zh-cn	以前置电容 Boost 变换器为研究对象，重点探讨电流源 MPPT 变换器的频率响应特性。
en-us	In this regard, taking the Boost converter with an input capacitor as the case of study, this paper aims to investigate frequency responses of the CFMPPT converter.

zh-cn	首先，建立了开环和输入电压闭环两种控制方式下系统的小信号模型，并揭示不同负载类型对于系统频率响应的影响;
en-us	Firstly, small-signal models of the control system under both open-loop and input voltage controlled closed-loop are derived, and then the influences of load type on the system frequency responses are revealed.

zh-cn	其次，对 MPPT 变换器的端口阻抗进行了建模分析，指出影响闭环输入、输出阻抗特性的重要因素，为接口电路的后续稳定性设计提供理论指导;
en-us	Secondly, the terminal impedances of the MPPT converter are modeled and analyzed, and the important factors affect the closed-loop input and out-put impedances are pointed out, which will provide theoretical guide for future stability design of the interfacing circuit.

zh-cn	最后，搭建实验室电路样机，通过频域和时域测试结果验证了理论分析的正确性。
en-us	Fi-nally, a laboratory prototype is built, and the analyses are verified by test results in both time-and frequency-domains.

zh-cn	大量工程应用问题可建模为结构化非线性规划，且这类问题的系数矩阵可分为稀疏型和稠密型两种类型。
en-us	A lot of practical application problems can be modeled as structured nonlinear programming, and these prob-lems always have two type of coefficients matrices:sparse and dense.

zh-cn	利用原始-对偶内点法(primal dual interior point method，PD-IPM)，并结合分布式并行技术可高效求解此类问题。
en-us	Combining the principle of primal dual interior pointmethod(PD-IPM)and the distributed parallel technology can solve the problem efficiently.

zh-cn	经典工程问题-机组组合(unit commitment，UC)为稀疏系数矩阵的结构化非线性规划，本文根据 PD-IPM 原理，对 UC 模型进行连续松弛预处理，
en-us	The unit commitment(UC)is aclassical engineering problem which can be formulated as a structured nonlinear programming with sparse coefficients matri-ces. In this paper, according to the PD-IPM principle, the UC model is continuous relaxation preprocessed, and the Newton cor-rection equations are decoupled by using the fast decoupling technique, which can be used to obtain the independent sub prob-lems.

zh-cn	结合快速解耦技术解耦牛顿修正方程并设计 CPU-GPU 协同并行算法求解子问题，最后将结果与带稠密型子问题的结构化非线性规划的求解结果进行比较和分析。
en-us	Then, a CPU-GPU collaborative parallel method is proposed to solve the sub problems in parallel and the results are com-pared with the results of structured nonlinear programming with dense sub problem.

zh-cn	实验结果显示，本文所设计的算法对于两种不同类型的结构化非线性规划求解均能获得较好的加速比。
en-us	The experimental results show that the pro-posed method for solving two different types of structured nonlinear programming has achieved a certain speedup.

zh-cn	考虑泛延拓矩阵的 QR 分解与广义逆，导出了泛延拓矩阵的 QR 分解与广义逆的公式，讨论了系统参数估计问题。
en-us	The author studied the QR factorization and generalized inverse of universal extended matrix. and the sys-tem parameter estimate is discussed.

zh-cn	结果显示所给方法既减少了计算量与存储量，又不会降低数值精度。
en-us	In addition, the formula of the QR factorization and generalized inverse of universal ex-tended matrix were given.

zh-cn	同时推广和优化了文献［8，9］的研究结果，拓宽了实际应用领域的范围。
en-us	The results show that the algorithm is simple and fast, and it does not reduce the numerical accura-cy. Another some results of paper［8, 9］are generalized.

zh-cn	量子遗传算法具有种群规模小，全局搜索能力强的特点被广泛应用于各类优化问题的求解。
en-us	The characteristics of strong global search ability with small population size lead to the quantum genetic al-gorithm is well popular in solving optimization problems.

zh-cn	为了进一步提高量子遗传算法的收敛速度和搜索稳定性，克服算法的早熟问题，本文改进了基于自适应机制的量子遗传算法。
en-us	In order to further improve the convergence speed, search stability and overcome the pre-matureness of the quantum genetic algorithm, an improved adaptive mechanism based quantum genetic algorithm was presented in the paper.

zh-cn	在自适应量子遗传算法的基础上根据种群的适应度定义了个体相似度评价算子、个体适应度评价算子和种群变异调整算子及相应算子的计算方法，
en-us	For the presented algorithm, the individual similarity evaluation operator, individual fit-ness evaluation operator and population mutation adjustment operator were defined and added into the self-adaptive based quantum genetic algorithm. The way of calculating the three operators were also proposed.

zh-cn	利用多算子协同评价当前种群状态并根据进化代数的变化，自适应的改变个体的变异概率，提高了算法全局寻优能力和收敛速度，降低了算法陷入局部寻优的概率。
en-us	Therefore, the current population state can be evaluated by the operators cooperatively, and the individual's mutation probability can be determined according to the current population state. The proposed algorithm can improve the global optimization ability and convergence speed, and reduces the probability of falling into local optimization.

zh-cn	此外，为了提高算法的时间效率，将算法采用并行多宇宙的方式实现。
en-us	In addition, a parallel multi-universe mechanism is employed toimprove the time efficiency of the algorithm.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，本文提出的算法在全局搜索性能、收敛速度和时间效率方面有较好的综合表现。
en-us	Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a good performancein the global search performance and time efficiency

zh-cn	传统影子图像连接的(t，s，k，n)分存易导致分发影子图像大小不等，基于伯克霍夫插值的(t，s，k，n)分存不能高效恢复;针对以上问题，采用随机参与值通过(k，s)和(k-t，n-s)分存来构造主密钥(t，s，k，n)分存并通过第 3 方公信方存储的 MD5 值以防止作弊。
en-us	Conventional shadow image connection based(t, s, k, n)sharing is prone to different size shadow ima-ges and Birkhoff interpolation based(t, s, k, n)sharing leads to low recovery efficiency, while in double authenticationsbased self-recovery image sharing, the recovery capabilities of secret image and backup image are very limited. To ad-dress these problems, random participation values were used to construct master key based(t, s, k, n)sharing by meansof(k, s)and(k-t, n-s)schemes and M D5 values stored in the third party were used to prevent cheating.

zh-cn	所提策略由主密钥对密图 LL 子带置乱来形成对显著比特多备份、对非显著比特少备份和经主密钥不同程度置乱的多版本备份图;
en-us	The proposed scheme scrambled LL subband of secret image by master key and formed multi-version backup images with different scrambling degrees where more backups for more significant bits.

zh-cn	引入限制性双重认证在保持认证精度的同时，将尽可能多的备份比特通过 GF(2^8)域(k，n)分存嵌入来形成嵌密掩体。
en-us	Restricted double authentication strategy can embedas many backup bits as possible while maintaining authentication accuracy by(k, n)sharing over GF(2^8)field to form stego carriers.

zh-cn	理论和实验表明，主密钥(t，s，k，n)分存可高效求解;
en-us	Theoretical and experimental results show , master key based(t, s, k, n)scheme can be solved efficiently.

zh-cn	随机参与值可避免参与者编号泄露，分发信息的篡改和认证比特的揣测;
en-us	Random participation values avoid the disclosure of participant numbers and prevent tampering distributed information or guessing authentication bits.

zh-cn	多版本备份可对备份图高置信度地恢复;而限制性双重认证在认证能力上不低于双认证自修复图像分存。
en-us	M ulti-version backup strategy can restore backup images with high confidence while au-thentication capability of restricted double authentication strategy is no less than that of double authentications basedself-recovery image sharing scheme.

zh-cn	绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)是微电子学研究的热点之一，而相关电路仿真迫切需要该器件的等效模型。
en-us	Insulated gate bipolar transistor(IGBT)is one of the hot topics in microelectronics research. The related cir-cuit simulation urgentlyneeds the equivalent model of the device.

zh-cn	本文提出基于傅里叶解双极扩散方程(ADE)的 1200V 场终止型 IGBT 物理模型，通过 RC 电路等效漂移区载流子分布，精确求解双极扩散方程。
en-us	The physical model of the 1200V field-stop IGBT solvingambipolar diffusion equation(ADE)based on the Fourier transformis proposed in this paper. The ADE is solved accurately by the distribution of carriers in equivalent drift region of the RC circuit.

zh-cn	该模型针对大功率 IGBT 的工作原理，采用大注入假设条件，在综合分析场终止层的同时，根据 1200V 场终止型 IGBT 的特点考虑漂移区载流子的复合效应。
en-us	The model is based on the working principle of high-power IGBT. The high-level injection hypothesis is used. The complex effect of the 1200V field-stop IGBT is considered ac-cording to the characteristics of the 1200V field-stop IGBT.

zh-cn	在提取器件模型所需的关键参数后，用实际 IG-BT 的测量结果对该模型的仿真结果进行了验证，通过分析静态以及关断瞬态特性曲线，仿真与实验数据误差均值小于 8% ，证明所建模型及参数提取方法的精确度。
en-us	After extracting the key parameters of the model, the simulation re-sults are verified by the actual measurement results. The average error of simulation and experiment is less than 8% . The accu-racy of the model and parameter extraction method is proved by analyzing the static and turn-off transient characteristics.

zh-cn	互连结构是电子器件与印刷电路板之间机械固定及电气互联的关键部位。
en-us	The interconnection structure is a key part between the electrical device and the printed circuit board as the mechanical fixing and electrical interconnection.

zh-cn	针对当前互连结构退化过程监测困难与表征信号难以提取问题，首先，通过分析 QFP 封装互连结构的失效模式及机理，建立其退化电气模型。
en-us	Aiming at the difficulties in real-time monitoring and extracting character-ization signals for the health status of interconnects, firstly, a degenerate electrical model was established in this paper, by an-alyzing the failure modes and mechanisms of the QFP interconnect structure.

zh-cn	在此基础上，搭建实时监测电路，选取外接电容的充电时间为表征信号，并建立退化电气模型参数与充电时间的关系。
en-us	Then, according to the degraded electrical mod-el of the interconnect structure, a real-time monitoring circuit was built, with the charging time of the external capacitor se-lected as the characterization signal, and the relationship between the electrical parameters of the degradation model and thecharging time was established.

zh-cn	然后，利用 Multisim 软件和开发板模拟并验证等效电气模型参数与充电时间的关联关系。
en-us	Afterwards, the Multisim and the development board had been used to simulate and verify the relationship between the equivalent electrical model parameters and the charging time in the degradation process of the inter-connect structure.

zh-cn	最后，利用小系统试验板进行随机振动试验，研究互连结构退化过程。
en-us	Finally, in order to analyze the degradation process of interconnects, a small system test board was used for random vibration test.

zh-cn	通过分析充电时间响应，并结合互连结构电镜图发现，充电时间能够较好地表征互连结构的失效过程及失效模式。
en-us	From the results, combined with the electron microscope image of the interconnect structure, it wasfound that the charge time can characterize the failure process and failure mode of the interconnect structure well.

zh-cn	刑侦现勘图像数据库是具有保密性高、图像内容罕见等极具行业特色的图像数据库。
en-us	The image database of crime scene investigation (CSI)has the characteristics of high confidentiality, rareimage content and so on.

zh-cn	针对现勘图像内容复杂、目标物体不明确的特点，提出了 DCT-DCT 波纹理特征，并与 HSV 颜色直方图特征、GIST 特征相融合构成融合特征。
en-us	Aiming at the complexity of the content and the ambiguity of the target object, the DCT-DCT wavetexture feature is proposed, which is fused with HSV color histogram feature and GIST feature to form the fusion feature.

zh-cn	与常用的图像特征相比，DCT-DCT 波纹理特征能够得到较高的检索效率，而融合特征的平均检索查准率高于构成其本身的三种特征的平均检索查准率。
en-us	Compared with the commonly used image features, DCT-DCT wave texture feature can get higher retrieval efficiency, andthe average retrieval precision rate of the fused features is higher than that of the three features.

zh-cn	最后，将语义分析技术引入到检索过程中，提出基于检索结果优化的现勘图像检索算法，利用支持向量机(Support Vector Machine，SVM)分类器对查询图像进行语义提取，
en-us	Finally, the semantic analysis technology is introduced into the retrieval process, and an image retrieval algorithm based on the optimization of retrieval re-sults is proposed. Support vector machine (SVM)classifier was used to extract the semantic of the query image.

zh-cn	并对初次检索的结果进行语义分析，根据初检结果中语义类别的占比选择二次检索方案，该算法能在按例查询的基础上进一步提高平均检索查准率。
en-us	The seman-tic analysis of the results of the first retrieval is carried out, and the second retrieval scheme is selected according to the pro-portion of semantic categories in the initial retrieval results. The algorithm can further improve the average retrieval accuracy based on case-by-case query.

zh-cn	为精确提取露天停车场内颜色混杂的车辆，提出一种基于随机投影深度函数的车辆提取方法。
en-us	An algorithm of extraction of vehicles based on random projection depth function is proposed for accurately extracting vehicles with different colors in outdoor parking lots.

zh-cn	随机投影深度函数可有效区分 RGB 彩色空间中数据集的数据中心与离群值，充分利用各车辆颜色特征的复杂性及其与停车场背景颜色特征的差异性，凸显具有离群值颜色特征的车辆。
en-us	The random projection depth function can effectively distin-guish the center and outlier of the data set in RGB color space, and in this way, the vehicles whose color characteristics act asoutlier are highlighted.

zh-cn	首先，利用随机投影深度函数对彩色遥感影像中各像素颜色特征进行排序得到深度场影像;
en-us	First, the random projection depth function is used to sort the color characteristic of each pixel to ob-tain random projection depth value, forming the depth field image;

zh-cn	然后，对深度场影像做形态学闭运算并选取合适的随机投影深度值作为阈值，二值化闭运算后的深度场影像，实现车辆初始提取;
en-us	Then, morphological closed operation is carried out forthe depth field image, and an appropriate random projection depth value is selected as the threshold to binarize the image;

zh-cn	最后，结合决策树分析与形态学运算实现车辆精确提取。
en-us	Finally, the vehicles are accurately extracted from the parking lot by decision tree algorithm and morphological operations.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，随机投影深度函数可有效处理彩色遥感影像中各种颜色车辆所表现的“同物异谱”现象，在深度场影像中凸显不同颜色的车辆，有效提高车辆提取效率;
en-us	The experimental results show that the random projection depth function can effectively deal with the " same body with dif-ferent spectrum" phenomenon of various color vehicles in remote sensing images. The vehicles of different colors are high-lighted in the depth field image, which can effectively improve the efficiency of vehicle extraction,

zh-cn	辅助以简单的后处理可实现遥感影像中不同场景停车场车辆提取。
en-us	and extraction of vehicles from parking lot of remote sensing images can be realized accurately by combining random projection depth function and simple post-processing.

zh-cn	针对时域干扰抵消方法产生的波束畸变和探测盲区问题，提出一种基于能量补偿的时域干扰抵消改善方法。
en-us	For the problem of beam distortion and detection blind zone by time domain interferences suppression method, a modified interferences suppression method by the energy compensation in time domain is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法首先根据数据处理带宽和衰减曲线构造能量补偿因子;
en-us	Firstly, con-structs energy compensation factor according to the frequency band of processing data and attenuation curve.

zh-cn	然后利用时域干扰抵消方法对线列阵拾取数据进行处理，得到相应波束;
en-us	Then, prepro-cesses the received data via time domain interferences suppression method, and obtains the output beam.

zh-cn	最后采用能量补偿因子对干扰抵消输出波束进行优化，可以减小波束畸变和探测盲区，达到预期的干扰抵消效果和探测效果。
en-us	Lastly, utilizes the energy compensation factor improve the output beam, reduces the beam distortion and detection blind zone, and achieves the expected results of interferences suppression and detection.

zh-cn	数值仿真和数据处理均表明，本文方法通过构造能量补偿因子改善了时域干扰抵消方法，降低了时域干扰抵消方法形成的“宽凹”或“凸”字型波束对目标探测性能的影响，实现了波束校正，减小了探测盲区，对原衰减区间内的目标实现了有效探测。
en-us	The numerical simulation and data processing results show that, this method improves the time domain interferences suppression method by constructing energy compensation factor, reducesthe impact of the“wide concave”or“convex”beam of time domain interferences suppression method on detecting target, achieves the beam correction, reduces detection blind zone, and achieves detecting the targets in old attenuation interval.

zh-cn	从根本上解决了时域干扰抵消方法产生的波束畸变和探测盲区问题。
en-us	That fundamentally solves the problem of beam distortion and detection blind zone by time domain interferences suppression method.

zh-cn	针对非合作接收 PCMA 混合信号盲分离中高复杂度束缚，提出一种基于前馈神经网络的分离算法，
en-us	Aiming at the high complexity in blind separation of PCMA mixed signals with non-cooperative reception, the separation algorithm based on feed forward neural network is proposed.

zh-cn	通过搭建神经网络分离平台，规避传统的发送符号遍历思想，实现 PCMA 混合信号低复杂度高性能盲分离。
en-us	By setting up a neural network separation platformand avoiding the traditional idea of maximum a posteriori probability, the blind separation algorithm with low complexity and high performance can be realized.

zh-cn	仿真实验表明，神经网络能够极大挖掘信号内在信息，针对 QPSK 调制 PCMA 混合信号，在信噪比 7dB 时误比特率达到 10－ 3数量级，并伴随着较 PSP 分离算法算术平方根级别的复杂度降低。
en-us	Simulation results show that the neural network can greatly exploit the intrinsic informa-tion of the signal, and 10－ 3orders of bit error rate performance is achieved with 7 dB of signal-to-noise ratio to QPSK modu-lated PCMA signals, accompanied by the declining complexity of the arithmetic square root level compared with the PSP al-gorithm.

zh-cn	传统委托计算因需验证方验证其计算结果，从而导致协议效率低下。
en-us	The traditional delegation computation require the verification party to verify the results, which leads to low efficiency of computation protocol.

zh-cn	针对此问题，本文结合博弈委托代理理论和全同态加密技术，提出理性委托计算协议。
en-us	To solve this problem, this paper combines the game principal-agent theory and the fully homomorphic encryption technology to propose a rational delegation computation protocol.

zh-cn	该协议通过参与者之间的效用函数保证计算结果的正确性，无需验证方进行验证。
en-us	This protocol guarantees the cor-rectness of the results through the utility function between the participants, without the validation of the prover.

zh-cn	首先，利用博弈委托代理理论，构造委托计算博弈模型;
en-us	Firstly, weuse the game principal-agent theory to construct a game model.

zh-cn	其次，结合全同态加密技术，构造理性委托计算协议;
en-us	Secondly, we combine the fully homomorphic encryption technology to construct the rational delegation computation protocol.

zh-cn	最后，对协议进行实验与分析，结果表明，该协议不但保证了安全性和正确性，并且全局可达帕累托最优。
en-us	Finally, we test and analyze the protocol, the results show that this protocol not only guarantees the safety and validity, and can achieve global Pareto optimality.

zh-cn	哈希证明系统由 Cramer-Shoup 在 2002 年首次提出，到目前为止仍是密码工作者的研究热点之一。
en-us	Hash proof systems, which was first introduced by Cramer and Shoup in 2002, is still one of the hottest re-search topics in cryptography.

zh-cn	进而，Wee 在 2010 年提出可提取哈希证明系统的概念，其可用来构造基于查找性困难假设的公钥加密方案。
en-us	And then Wee proposed the concept of extractable hash proof system in 2010 and it is a con-cept extension on the hash proof system and as a paradigm of constructing PKE from search problems.

zh-cn	本文在可提取哈希证明系统之上，通过重新定义系统参数的意义，扩大了可提取哈希证明系统的密码学应用范围。
en-us	On the basis of theextractable hash proof system, this paper expands the application scope of the extractable hash proof system by redefining themeaning of system parameters.

zh-cn	我们利用可提取哈希证明系统的框架构造了一个基本的基于 Diffie-Hellman 关系的 All-But-One 可提取哈希证明系统。
en-us	We construct a basic All-But-One extractable hash proof system based on Diffie-Hellman re-lations by using the framework of extractable hash proof system.

zh-cn	在此基础上细粒度了辅助输入，引入权重计算，给出了一个基于标签和可变策略的 CCA 加密方案，并进行了详细的安全性证明。
en-us	Based on this, fine-grained auxiliary input and weighting calculation are introduced. A new variable-policy CCA encryption scheme based on tag is proposed, and the security proof isalso given in details.

zh-cn	特别的，该方案比可提取具有更丰富的抽象表达，即是 All-But-N 的，也即在提取模式中由标签决定的分支数量可以有 n个。
en-us	In particular, this scheme is a richer abstraction of extractable hash proof system that it is All-But-N, which means that the number of branches determined by the tag in the extraction mode could be n.

zh-cn	同时，该方案是基于困难性可搜索问题，本质上是基于计算性的 Diffie-Hellman 问题。
en-us	At the same time, the scheme is based on the difficulty of the search problem and is essentially based on the computational Diffie-Hellman prob-lem.

zh-cn	行人再识别问题中，由于视角、光照和行人姿态等因素的变化，导致难以提取有效的行人特征，降低识别精度。
en-us	It is challenging to learn efficient features in person re-identification task due to complex variations of viewpoints, illumination, pose etc.

zh-cn	而深度神经网络在训练样本较少的情况下较难训练，易出现过拟合现象。
en-us	In addition, deep neural network still suffers from overfitting with a small training set.

zh-cn	针对上述问题，本文提出一种多信息流动卷积神经网络(Multi-information Flow Convolutional Neural Network，MiF-CNN)模型，模型中包含一个特殊的卷积结构，
en-us	To solve these problems, a Multi-information Flow Convolutional Neural Network(MiF-CNN)is designed for person re-identifi-cation which contains a specific convolutional architecture.

zh-cn	该结构中每层卷积层提取到的特征与后续所有卷积层的输入相连接，增强了网络的特征信息流动性和梯度的反向传播效率，使得模型提取到的行人特征更具判别力。
en-us	In this architecture, features from each convolution layer are con-catenated with all subsequent convolution layers so that it can improve the flowability of feature information and the efficien-cy of backpropagation gradient. In this way, the proposed network can learn more discriminative features.

zh-cn	采用多损失函数组合方式训练网络模型，更好的区分行人类别。
en-us	Moreover, a combi-nation of three loss functions is used to train proposed network.

zh-cn	最后利用欧氏距离对行人特征相似性进行排序。
en-us	Finally, the identification accuracy is obtained by ranking thesimilarity of extracted features measured by Euclidean distance.

zh-cn	在标准行人再识别数据集 VIPeR 和 CUHK01 上的实验表明，本文方法进一步提高了行人再识别精度，并有效改善了深度神经网络的过拟合现象。
en-us	Experimental results on the VIPeR and CUHK01 datasetsdemonstrate that MiF-CNN outperform most of existing methods of person re-identification and reduce overfitting more ef-fectively.

zh-cn	传统基于接收信号强度的物理层密钥生成方案在窃听者靠近合法方时，合法方的密钥易被窃听者获取。
en-us	The existing physical layer secret key generation scheme is not sufficiently secure when the eavesdropper keeps close to the legitimate user to get the correlated channel characteristics.

zh-cn	针对该问题，在分析密钥误比特率的基础上，提出一种基于信号传播特性的物理层密钥生成方案。
en-us	To solve the problem, this paper analyzes thesecret key bit error rate and proposes a physical layer secret key generation scheme based on signal propagation characteris-tics.

zh-cn	方案根据接收信号强度的实测样本估计大尺度衰落模型，提取出多径效应影响下的小尺度参数量化生成密钥。
en-us	We calculate the large scale fading model which parameters is fitted by the measured sample, in order to get the smallscale parameter of received signal strength indication under the effect of multipath fading to quantify into binary secret bit.

zh-cn	实验结果表明相比于传统方案，本方案在室内环境窃听距离大于 0.6 倍波长以后，窃听方密钥误比特率大于 0.48;
en-us	The experimental results show that compared with the traditional scheme, in the indoor environment, after eavesdropping distance is greater than 0. 6 wavelength, the eavesdropper key bit error rate is greater than 0. 48.

zh-cn	在室外环境窃听距离大于1 倍波长后窃听方密钥误比特率为 0.47，实现了安全可靠的物理层密钥生成。
en-us	And in the outdoor environ-ment, after the eavesdropping distance is greater than 1 wavelength, the eavesdropper key bit error rate is 0. 47. Secure andreliable physical layer secret key generation is achieved.

zh-cn	通过对频率抖动机理的研究，提出一种基于压控振荡器(Voltage-Controlled Oscillator，VCO)的真随机数发生器(True Random Number Generator，TRNG)设计方案。
en-us	After studies on the frequency jitter mechanism, a design of true random number generator(TRNG)basedon voltage-controlled oscillator(VCO)is proposed.

zh-cn	该方案将电阻热噪声放大后作为 VCO 的控制信号使其振荡频率在中心频率附近随机抖动。
en-us	The scheme amplified the thermal noise of resistance and took it as thecontrol signal of VCO. Its oscillation frequency thus randomly jittered around the centre frequency.

zh-cn	VCO 所产生的慢振荡信号对周期固定的快振荡信号采样生成原始随机序列，然后利用后处理电路提高序列均匀性并消除自相关性。
en-us	The slow oscillatingsignal generated by the VCO generated an raw random sequence by sampling the period-fixed fast oscillating signal, then used the post-processing circuit to improve the uniformity of sequence and to eliminate the auto correlation.

zh-cn	通过热噪声发生器调节 VCO 的中心频率可实现序列比特率和随机性之间的权衡。
en-us	Applying the thermal noise generator to adjust the centre frequency of VCO is able to trade off the bit rate of sequence and the random-ness.

zh-cn	所提电路采用 SMIC 55nm CMOS 工艺设计，芯片面积 0.0124mm2，比特率 10Mbps，平均功率 0.81mW。
en-us	The proposed circuit is designed in SMIC 55nm CMOS technology with a chip area of 0. 0124mm2, a bit rate of10Mbps and an average power of 0. 81mW.

zh-cn	输出的随机序列通过 NIST SP 800-22 测试。
en-us	The output of randomly sequence passed the NIST SP 800-22 randomnesstest.

zh-cn	本文基于直觉模糊集，研究了直觉模糊推理(1，2，2)－ a 型泛三 I 算法，给出了 IFMP、IFMT 问题的直觉模糊推理(1，2，2)－ a 型泛三 I 算法解的表达形式和分解形式。
en-us	The intuitionistic fuzzy inference(1, 2, 2)－ a type universal triple I methods based on intuitionistic fuzzyset are discussed, the expression form and decomposition form of solutions of intuitionistic fuzzy inference(1, 2, 2)－ a type universal triple methods based on IFMP and IFMT problems are given.

zh-cn	其次，利用直觉模糊集间的自然距离定义了直觉模糊连接词和直觉模糊集的灵敏度，给出了直觉 ukasiewicz 蕴涵、直觉 Gdel 蕴涵以及它们各自对应三角模的灵敏度，
en-us	Then, based on the natural distances between intu-itionistic fuzzy sets, the sensitivity of intuitionistic fuzzy connectives and intuitionistic fuzzy sets are defined, the sensitivity of intuitionistic ukasiewicz implication, intuitionistic Gdel implication and their corresponding triangular norm are provid-ed.

zh-cn	在此基础上，证明了直觉 ukasiewicz 蕴涵是直觉模糊集上最鲁棒剩余型蕴涵算子。
en-us	On this basis, it is proved that intuitionistic ukasiewicz implication is the most robust residual implication on intuitionis-tic fuzzy sets.

zh-cn	最后，讨论了直觉模糊推理(1，2，2)－ a 型泛三 I 算法的鲁棒性，并且针对以上两种具体蕴涵算子，相应地获得了直觉模糊推理(1，2，2)－ a 型泛三 I 算法解的灵敏度。
en-us	Finally, robustness of intuitionistic fuzzy inference(1, 2, 2)－ a type universal triple I methods are investiga-ted, corresponding sensitivity of solutions of intuitionistic fuzzy inference type universal triple methods are obtained for twokinds of specific implications.

zh-cn	结论表明，直觉模糊推理算法的鲁棒性完全取决所选择的直觉模糊连接词。
en-us	These results indicated that the robustness of intuitionistic fuzzy inference methods directly de-pended on the selection of intuitionistic fuzzy connectives.

zh-cn	鉴于从噪声图像分解获得的原生图块集合的协方差矩阵前若干个特征值(按照升序排序)与图像噪声水平值具有强相关性，提出了一种基于主成分分析和深度神经网络的快速噪声水平估计算法。
en-us	Considering the fact that there exists the strong correlation between the first several eigenvalues (in ascend-ing order)of the covariance matrix of the raw patches extracted from a noisy image and its noise level, we proposed a novelfast multiple image-based noise level estimation (FMNLE)algorithm using the principal component analysis (PCA)and the deep neural network (DNN).

zh-cn	该算法首先选用原生图块集合协方差矩阵前若干个特征值构成刻画图像噪声水平高低的特征矢量，
en-us	Specifically, we selected the first several eigenvalues of the raw patches to form a feature vec-tor characterizing the noise level of an image.

zh-cn	然后在大量有代表性且已标定噪声水平值的噪声图像集合上利用深度神经网络训练预测模型以实现将特征矢量直接映射为噪声水平值，
en-us	Then, we employed deep neural network to train an estimation model on alarge number of representative natural images corrupted with known noise levels, by which the feature vector can be directly mapped into the corresponding noise level.

zh-cn	最后为获得更高的预测准确性，采用粗精预测模型相结合的两步预测方式实现。
en-us	To obtain higher estimation accuracy, a two-step estimation strategy was adopted.

zh-cn	实验表明:文中算法在各个噪声级别上都具有稳定的预测准确性，且执行效率非常高，作为降噪算法的前置预处理模块具有更好的综合优势。
en-us	Extensive experiments show that, the estimation accuracy of the proposed algorithm is stable at each noise level with goodefficiency, demonstrating a better comprehensive advantage as the pre-processing module for denoising algorithms.

zh-cn	在现有基于属性值更新的动态三支决策模型上，本文充分考虑字符型属性对象在更新过程中属性知识内涵的不确定性以及对象间优异程度的差异，
en-us	According to the existing dynamic three-way decision model based on the updating of attribute values, in this paper both the uncertainty of attribute knowledge connotation and the difference of excellent degree between objects arefully considered in the process of updating the object.

zh-cn	首先定义字符型属性对象的经验值和经验综合评价值的概念来初步刻画对象，再用修正值来表示对象的知识内涵;
en-us	More concretely, both the experience value of character attribute ob-jects and the concept on comprehensive evaluation value of experience are firstly defined to describe the object initially, and the knowledge connotation of the object is expressed by the revised value of character attribute objects.

zh-cn	通过修正值计算出的基于欧氏距离的最优贴近度作为对象的修正综合评价值;
en-us	Next, the optimal closeness degree based on the Euclidean distance calculated by the revised value is used as the revised comprehensive evalua-tion value of the object.

zh-cn	然后，给出了字符型属性对象的动态特征的提取方法，建立了动态三支决策模型。
en-us	Then, the extraction method of dynamic feature on objects with character attributes is presented, and a dynamic three-way decision model is established.

zh-cn	最后，通过大量的仿真实验验证了模型的高效性和适用性。
en-us	Finally, a large number of simulation experiments have been made to val-idate the efficiency and applicability of the proposed model.

zh-cn	为研究不同网络节点重要性指标对网络中重要节点的影响程度，进而优选出较能体现网络重要节点性质的指标。
en-us	In network theory, it is interest to study the influences of different nodes on the key nodes in the network, and build or select the proper node importance index to model it.

zh-cn	本文基于主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis，简记 PCA)，选取七个节点重要性指标对网络重要性节点贡献率进行计算分析，
en-us	This paper selects seven node importance indices to calcu-late and analyze their contributions in nodes'importance evaluation with Principal Component Analysis.

zh-cn	同时选取了七种不同的网络进行实验，得到指标贡献率大小顺序，利用肯德尔系数对重要指标与其余指标进行相关性分析，得到不同指标之间的相关系数及相关系数大小的影响因素。
en-us	Seven empirical networks are used for experiments. Moreover, the order of different contributions of indices is obtained, and the correlation a-nalysis between the most important index and the other indices is carried out using the Kendall coefficient, and factors affect-ing the correlation coefficient are also discussed.

zh-cn	本文为研究网络重要节点选择指标提供了一种思路，同时为研究不同节点间的相互关系提供了研究方法。
en-us	This paper provides a way to select the node importance index in the net-work, and the results could also be used for studying the relationships between different nodes.

zh-cn	针对仿人机器人步行过程中存在的机器人关节角加速度约束影响控制性能的问题，提出一种考虑关节角加速度约束的仿人机器人偏摆力矩控制方法。
en-us	To cancel the effect on control performance due to joint acceleration constraints during humanoid robotwalks, a new yaw moment control approach with consideration of joint acceleration constraints is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法充分考虑了双臂在摆动过程中对偏摆力矩的影响，根据力矩平衡条件得到需要抵消的偏摆力矩的大小与方向，将偏摆力矩的控制问题转化为带约束条件的二次规划问题，
en-us	After analyzing the effect on stability caused by the motion of arms swing, the undesired yaw moment which needs to be counteracted iscomputed. Then, the yaw moment control problem is formulated as a quadratic programming problem with inequality con-straints.

zh-cn	并设计了一种在线变步长迭代算法计算得到优化后的双臂摆动轨迹。
en-us	To solve this optimization problem effectively, an online variable step-size iteration method is designed to generatethe trajectories of arms swinging.

zh-cn	实验表明，该方法能有效抵消机器人步行中产生的偏摆力矩，避免控制过程中的“削峰”现象，有效提高机器人的步行稳定性。
en-us	The experiment and simulation results verified that the proposed approach can effectively compensate yaw moment, avoid peak cut-off phenomenon and guarantee the stable walking.

zh-cn	重叠社团在社交网络大数据中普遍存在。
en-us	Overlap between community pairs is commonplace in large-scale social networks.

zh-cn	针对现有重叠社团挖掘算法易将重叠区域错误地划分为独立的社团且计算复杂的问题，提出了一种基于局部信息度量的快速重叠社团挖掘算法(Local information based Fast Over-lapped Communities Detection，Li-FOCD)。
en-us	The most existing over-lapped community detection algorithms may falsely identify overlaps as communities because the overlap area is denser than others, and those algorithms are computationally demanding and cannot scale well with the size of networks. In this paper, wepropose a fast overlapping community discovery algorithm based on some locally computed information—Local informationbased Fast Overlapped Communities Detection (Li-FOCD).

zh-cn	首先，为节点定义局部信息度量指标———社团连接度和邻居连接度，建模节点与社团的关系，缩小了计算范围;
en-us	Firstly, we introduce two local information metrics for each net-work node—community connectivity score and neighborhood connectivity score, to model the relationship between nodesand communities;

zh-cn	然后，每次并行地迭代执行缩减、扩展、去重等操作，并更新局部度量指标，通过松弛每次迭代的终止条件，发现近似最优社团集合而不是最优社团，最终算法复杂度为 O(m + n)。
en-us	secondly, based on local metrics, we can concurrently execute the iterations of reduction, expansion, and duplication removal to find the approximately optimal communities instead of the optimal community, and achieve a low complexity O(m + n).

zh-cn	基于真实的大规模社交网络数据的试验分析表明:与当前流行的重叠社团挖掘算法相比，Li-FOCD 在不损失检测质量的前提下，大幅提升了计算效率。
en-us	Experimental analysis based on real large-scale social networking datasets shows that our algorithm outperforms some popular overlapped community finding algorithms in terms of computational time while not compromising with quality.

zh-cn	非线性系统估计的过程是一个多传感器信息融合的过程，在集中处理量测数据的过程中，Kalman 滤波具有很高的计算复杂度。
en-us	The estimation process of nonlinear system is a process of multi-sensor information fusion. During theprocess of data processing, Kalman filter has high computational complexity.

zh-cn	尤其当系统模型中存在随机偏差时，扩维后计算量大幅增大，容易造成系统溢出和运行失败的问题。
en-us	Especially when there are random deviations inthe system model, the amount of calculation increases greatly after dimension expansion, which is easy to cause system over-flow and operation failure.

zh-cn	通过将两阶段容积 Kalman 滤波嵌入到扩展信息滤波框架的方式，提出了一种两阶段高维容积信息滤波算法。
en-us	During the process of data processing, Kalman filter has high computational complexity. By embedded the two-stage Cubature Kalman filter into the extended information filtering frame-work, Two-stage High degree Cubature Information Filter(TSHCIF)is proposed.

zh-cn	该算法初始化容易，计算量较小，直接利用协方差矩阵的逆与信息矩阵之间的等价关系参与滤波递推的过程，减少了对滤波增益阵的计算。
en-us	The algorithm is easy to initialization andsmall in computation. It takes advantage of the equivalence relation between the inverse of covariance matrix and information matrix to participate in the process of filter recurrence, and reduces the computation of filter gain matrix.

zh-cn	在协方差矩阵的解算过程中，两阶段算法的协方差矩阵之间存在有耦合关系，
en-us	In the solution of the covariance matrix, there is a coupling relationship in the covariance matrices of the two-stage algorithm.

zh-cn	因此在信息滤波中，两阶段信息矩阵之间也存在着某种耦合关系，算法中通过将非线性 T 变换和矩阵求逆应用于信息矩阵，得到了两阶段信息矩阵与协方差矩阵之间的耦合关系。
en-us	Therefore, thereis a coupling relationship between the two stage information matrix. In the algorithm, the nonlinear T transformation and theinverse of the matrix should be applied to the information matrix. The coupling relationship between the two-stage informa-tion matrix and the covariance matrix is obtained.

zh-cn	通过纯方位跟踪系统的仿真实验，验证了两阶段高维容积信息滤波算法在精度上高于容积 Kalman 滤波算法，在运行时间上也短于容积 Kalman 滤波算法，证明了该算法的可用性。
en-us	Through the simulation experiment of bearings only tracking system, it is verified that TSHCIF is superior to CKF in accuracy, and the running time is also shorter than CKF, which proves the availa-bility of the algorithm.

zh-cn	针对布谷鸟算法采用整体评价策略处理多维度自变量相关优化问题时，维度耦合现象会恶化算法的搜索速度和收敛精度，提出均衡单进化的布谷鸟算法(ESCES)。
en-us	For the whole evaluation strategy in cuckoo search algorithm in the face of multi-dimension function opti-mization problems, the coupling phenomena among dimensions will deteriorate the search speed and convergence accuracy. Therefore, a new cuckoo search algorithm based on the equilibrium single evolution mechanism is proposed.

zh-cn	该算法给出一种新型的均衡单进化函数评价策略，即每一代进化只随机更新目标函数的单个维度，并且随机更新的维度服从均匀分布，避免多维度之间互相干扰。
en-us	Then, a new e-quilibrium single evolution evaluation strategy is also used to update randomly the single dimension of the objective functionon each iteration. Note that the randomly updated dimensions obey the uniform distribution to avoid mutual interference be-tween dimensions.

zh-cn	同时，提出两种新型随机游动步长更新学习律，提高了优化算法的全局搜索速度和收敛精度。
en-us	Furthermore, two new random walking update laws are proposed to improve the global search speed and convergence accuracy.

zh-cn	实验测试结果和显著性统计结果表明，ESCES 算法与 5 个改进 CS 算法及 7 个其它最新智能优化算法相比，在全局寻优性能、搜索速度和收敛精度上均获得较大的改进。
en-us	The results of the 10 benchmark functions and statistical significance demonstrate that ESCES algo-rithm has a great improvement in global optimization performance, search speed and convergence accuracy compared with the five modified CS algorithms and seven other state-of-the art algorithms.

zh-cn	模糊 C 均值(FCM)算法是一种基于贪心思想的迭代算法，算法沿迭代序列收敛到一个极小值，但存在搜索能力弱、易陷入局部最优的缺点。
en-us	The fuzzy c-Means algorithm is a kind of iterative algorithms based on greedy algorithms. It converges to alocal minimum value along the iteration sequence, yet it has the insufficient searching ability and can easily fall into local op-timum solution.

zh-cn	本文提出了一种基于禁忌搜索的模糊聚类算法，该算法在一个解的邻域内使用禁忌搜索，并采用了基于 FCM 局部收敛性质的长期表禁忌策略，保证在不断移动搜索起点的同时避免重复搜索;
en-us	This paper, based on tabu search, introduces a fuzzy clustering algorithm. It uses tabu search in a solution'sneighborhood and adopts the tabu strategy of long-term tabu lists based on the local convergence of FCM, which guarantees to move the search starting point constantly and avoids repeated searching.

zh-cn	其次使用混沌优化思想与动态步长策略来提升算法的全局搜索能力，以达到获取全局最优解的目的。
en-us	In addition, chaos optimization and dynamic stepstrategies are utilized to strengthen its global search ability in order to achieve global optimal solution.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，改进算法极大地提高了聚类准确率，并具有良好的稳定性，与群智算法和遗传算法的优化相比也具有一定的优势。
en-us	Experimental results show that this algorithm improves the accuracy of clustering considerably and has great stability. Compared with group-wisealgorithm and genetic algorithm, this algorithm also has some advantages.

zh-cn	对三结构各向同性包覆燃料颗粒相衬 CT 图像的噪声和伪像抑制进行了初步探索，提出了三种方法分别抑制由探测器随机噪声、非线性漂移以及灵敏度非均匀性所导致的图像噪声或伪像。
en-us	The purpose of the study was to reduce the noise and artifact in the phase-contrast computed tomography im-age of a tristructural-isotropic coated fuel particle. Three algorithms were proposed to reduce the noise and artifacts caused by the stochastic noise, non-linear drifting, and non-uniform sensitivity of the imaging detector, respectively.

zh-cn	对抑制噪声或伪像前后的图像质量进行了主观评价以及定量分析，结果表明，本文提出的三种方法在有效抑制上述三种类型噪声或伪像的同时仍然能够保证重建图像中不同结构间边缘的清晰度。
en-us	Subjective and quanti-tative evaluations were conducted before and after applying the algorithms. The results demonstrated that the proposed algo-rithms effectively reduced the three types of noise and artifacts, leaving the boundaries between different structures intact.

zh-cn	为了应对手工视觉特征与哈希编码过程不能最佳地兼容以及现有哈希方法无法区分图像语义信息的问题，提出一种基于深度卷积神经网络学习二进制哈希编码的方法。
en-us	To address the problems that hand-engineering visual features can't be optimally compatible with the Hashcoding process and existing Hash methods can't differentiate images semantics information, a learning method of binaryHashing based on deep convolutional neural networks is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法基本思想是在深度残差网络中增加一个哈希层，同时学习图像特征和哈希函数;
en-us	The basic idea is to add a Hash layer into the deep residu-al network and to learn simultaneously image features and Hash functions.

zh-cn	以此同时提出一种更加紧凑的分级哈希结构，用来提取更加接近图像语义的特征。
en-us	Meanwhile, we propose a more compact hierarchi-cal Hashing structure to extract features closer to semantics information of images.

zh-cn	经 MNIST、CIFAR-10、NUS-WIDE 数据集的实验，结果表明该方法优于现有的哈希方法。
en-us	Experimental results of MNIST, CIFAR-10 and NUS-WIDE datasets show that the method is superior to existing Hashing methods.

zh-cn	该方法不仅统一了特征学习和哈希编码的过程，同时深层残差网络也能得到更接近图像语义的特征，进而提高了检索准确度。
en-us	This method not only unifies theprocess of feature learning and Hash coding, and at the same time, the deep residual network is able to get features closer toimage semantics. Thus the retrieval accuracy is improved.

zh-cn	针对现有可搜索加密领域所遇到的加密密钥维度高、更新不灵活和搜索速度慢等问题，我们提出了一种新型类别分组索引方法———CGIM。
en-us	In order to solve the problems such as high dimension of encrypted key, low degree of update flexibilityand low search speed in the field of encrypted search, we propose a novel classificatory group index method-CGIM.

zh-cn	新方法将数据分类后，按类提取关键词建立分组索引，并采用分组加密方式实现以若干低维加密密钥代替高维加密密钥以缩短索引和查询请求的加密时间。
en-us	The method extracts category keywords from classified data to create group index, and uses group encryption method to transforma high-dimensional secret key into several low-dimensional keys to reduce the encryption time of indexes and query re-quests.

zh-cn	此外，分组索引方法的每个组向量对应不同的类别，这样不仅可以实现分类更新以改善更新文档的灵活性，而且能够在检索过程中生成针对性陷门，从而进一步提高搜索的速度和效率。
en-us	In addition, each group in the index is corresponding to different category. Thus, the method can not only achieve classification update to improve the flexibility of document update, but also can generate a targeted trapdoor in the retrieval process to improve the search speed and efficiency further.

zh-cn	理论和实验分析表明，该方法是可行且有效的。
en-us	Through security analysis and performance test, we prove that themethod is feasible and effective.

zh-cn	为了抵消无人机“蜂群”所具有的非对称作战优势，从反控制其协同飞行的角度出发，将“蜂群”描述为具有涌现性特征的复杂系统，剖析无人机“蜂群”蜂拥涌现行为的产生机理，首次建立基于 f-散度的“蜂群”涌现性度量模型。
en-us	In order to neutralize the advantage of asymmetric operations owned by UAV swarms, UAV swarms wereinvestigated from the perspective of negativing the coordinated flight control for them. Firstly, UAV swarms are described as a complex system with the emergence. Secondly, based the mechanism for flocking behaviors generated from UAV swarms, f-divergence based quantitative model was established to measure the emergence of them.

zh-cn	根据蜂拥控制算法所遵循的启发式规则提出“蜂群”蜂拥涌现行为的抑制机理，首次建立了干扰条件下蜂拥控制的失效判别模型。
en-us	It was firstly proposed that the sup-pression principle of swarms'emergent behaviors in term of three heuristic rules followed by general flocking control algo-rithms. Moreover, it was firstly constructed that the failure judgment model of flocking control for swarms under man-made interference.

zh-cn	通过仿真实验，分析和讨论了干扰强度、干扰时机对抑制“蜂群”蜂拥涌现行为的影响。
en-us	Finally, simulation experiments showed that the interference intensity and opportunity played an effect on sup-pressing emergent behaviors of swarms.

zh-cn	针对车联网中视频语义理解等智能计算业务需求下传统资源分配方式不再适用的问题，研究了视频语义驱动的资源分配算法。
en-us	Aiming at the problem that traditional resource allocation methods will no longer be applicable, with the de-mand of intelligent computing services such as video semantic understanding in Internet of vehicles, the video semanticdriven resource allocation algorithm was studied.

zh-cn	首先，以目标检测任务为例，提出视频语义驱动的资源分配指导模型并给出模型参数的求解算法；
en-us	First of all, taking the object detection task as an example, a semantic driven resource allocation guidance model for video was proposed and an algorithm for solving model parameters wasgiven.

zh-cn	其次，构建了车联网场景中视频语义驱动的资源分配优化问题，将该问题转化成凸问题并利用凸优化算法求解；
en-us	Secondly, an optimization problem of resource allocation driven by video semantics in Internet of vehicles was constructed, which was transformed into a convex problem and solved by convex optimization algorithm.

zh-cn	进一步，为降低凸优化算法的复杂度，提出了基于强化 Q 学习的资源分配算法；
en-us	Furthermore, inorder to reduce the complexity of the convex optimization algorithm, a resource allocation algorithm based on reinforce-ment Q learning was proposed.

zh-cn	最后，仿真验证了所提资源分配算法的性能优势。
en-us	Finally, the performance advantages of the proposed algorithm are verified by simula-tions.

zh-cn	为了解决多样性系统在单一多样性策略下存在防御能力、防御代价和服务质量难以兼顾的问题，首先基于调度异构性、执行体安全性和空间多样性度量方法构造不同安全等级下的调度对象选择序列；
en-us	To solve the problem that a diversity system is difficult to take defense capability, defense cost and quality ofservice into account at the same time under a single diversity strategy, firstly, the scheduling object selecting sequence sunder different security levels were constructed based on the measurement of scheduling heterogeneity, executor security and spatial diversity.

zh-cn	然后根据对威胁环境的粗粒度评估，综合决策调度时机以及调度对象。
en-us	Then, according to the coarse-grained evaluation of threat environment, the scheduling time and scheduling object were determined comprehensively.

zh-cn	通过在云环境下实现时空多样性 Web 服务系统，对所提调度策略进行攻防实验测试，并与已有调度策略进行了对比。
en-us	Through the realization of the spatio-temporal diversity Web serversystem in a cloud environment, the proposed scheduling strategy was tested with attack and defense experiments andcompared with the existing scheduling strategies.

zh-cn	结果显示，所提调度策略在可接受的防御代价增长范围内，显著提高了系统的防御能力，同时维持了较高的服务质量。
en-us	The results show that the proposed scheduling strategy improves the defense capability significantly and maintains a high quality of service within the acceptable defense cost increasing range.

zh-cn	电网的发展对智能变电站提出了全站一网的要求。
en-us	The future development of power grid puts forward the requirement of unified network for all the communica-tion services in smart substation.

zh-cn	为满足多种通信业务的不同服务质量（QoS）需求，并保证网络拥塞时关键业务的实时性与可靠性，提出了一种智能变电站业务优先级及其队列调度方法。
en-us	In order to meet the different quality of service (QoS) requirements of various commu-nication services, as well as ensure the real-time and reliability of key services when the network congestion occurs, apriority scheme and its queue scheduling method for the smart substation was proposed.

zh-cn	综合考虑业务时延要求、业务对电网运行控制的重要度和业务流量大小 3 种因素，对站内通信业务进行了优先级划分；
en-us	The priorities of the communica-tion services in the smart substation were assigned considering the delay requirements, the importance to power grid op-eration control, and the traffic of the communication services.

zh-cn	针对新的业务优先级，结合严格优先级队列（SPQ）算法和赤字加权轮询（DWRR）算法的优点，设计了分层级赤字加权轮询（HDWRR）队列调度算法。
en-us	The queue scheduling algorithm of hierarchical deficit weighted round robin (HDWRR), combining the advantages of strict priority queue (SPQ) algorithm and deficit weightround robin (DWRR) algorithm, was designed for the proposed priority scheme.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提方法对恶意流量具有较好的隔离能力，在网络拥塞时仍能保证智能变电站关键业务的实时可靠传输。
en-us	The simulation results show that the proposed method has isolation ability for malicious traffic, and can ensure the real-time and reliable transmission of keyservices in smart substation once the network is congested.

zh-cn	针对不等长序列难以识别的问题，提出了一种基于犹豫模糊距离测度的识别方法。
en-us	Aiming at the problem that unequal length sequences were difficult to recognize, a recognition method based on hesitant fuzzy distance measure was proposed.

zh-cn	首先，从模糊数的角度对问题加以描述，用格贴近度建立了不等长序列的犹豫模糊信息识别模型。
en-us	Firstly, the problem was described from the perspective of fuzzy value,and the hesitant fuzzy information recognition model of unequal length sequence was established by lattice closeness de-gree.

zh-cn	其次，定义了犹豫模糊数的均值、方差、相对范围、犹豫度 4 个特征，结合较短部分的隶属度差值，定义了犹豫模糊广义集成特征距离测度和广义加权集成特征距离测度，其满足度量空间的相关性质，并给出了严格的数学证明过程。
en-us	Secondly, the mean value, variance, relative range and hesitancy degree of hesitant fuzzy values were defined.Combined with membership difference of the shorter part, the generalized integrated feature distance measure and the generalized weighted integrated feature distance measure were defined to meet relevant properties of metric space, and the strict mathematical proof process was given.

zh-cn	最后，提出了用于确定权重信息的熵测度法和支撑度法，给出了基于犹豫距离测度的 VIKOR 识别方法。
en-us	Finally, entropy measure and support measure were proposed to deter-mine the weight, and the VIKOR recognition method based on hesitant distance measure was given.

zh-cn	从数值算例、能源策略选择和目标识别 3 个方面进行了仿真验证，结果验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。
en-us	The simulation re-sults verify the effectiveness and feasibility of proposed method from numerical examples, energy strategy selection andtarget recognition respectively.

zh-cn	针对公有云中多源物联网（IoT）数据完整性验证问题，提出了一种身份基多源 IoT 终端数据可证明数据持有（ID-MPDP）方案。
en-us	To solve the problem of multi-source IoT data integrity verification, identity-based provable data possessionfor multi-source IoT terminal in public cloud (ID-MPDP) was proposed.

zh-cn	首先，给出了 ID-MPDP 方案的系统模型和安全模型的形式化定义。
en-us	Firstly, the formal definitions of system modeland security model of ID-MPDP were given.

zh-cn	然后，使用 RSA设计了具体的 ID-MPDP 方案。
en-us	Then, the specific ID-MPDP scheme was designed by using RSA.

zh-cn	最后，给出了该方案的性能分析和安全性分析。
en-us	Finally,the performance analysis and security analysis of ID-MPDP were given.

zh-cn	性能分析和安全性分析结果表明，该方案是可证安全的、高效和可转换的，
en-us	Through performance analysis and security analysis, ID-MPDP was provably secure, efficient and convertible.

zh-cn	并具有以下优势：可用于多源 IoT 终端的数据完整性检测；具有较低的块扩展率；使用身份基公钥密码技术，消除了证书管理；满足可转换性。
en-us	It has the following advantages, such as it can be used for the integrity checking for multi-source IoT terminal data, it has lower block expansion rate, it eliminates the certifica-tion management cost by using the identity-based public key cryptography and it is convertible.

zh-cn	针对目前链路预测方法普遍存在精度不高、效率低等问题，提出了基于高阶路径相似度的复杂网络链路预测方法。
en-us	For the problem that the existing link prediction method has many problems, including low accuracy and lowefficiency, a method of high-order path similarity link prediction was proposed.

zh-cn	首先，利用路径作为判别特征对复杂网络中的缺失链接进行预测，以实现资源的有效分配，并通过惩罚公共近邻对信息泄露进行限制。
en-us	Firstly, the path was used as the judgingfeature to predict missing links in complex networks, which could make resource allocation more effective and restricts information leakage by punishing public neighbor pairs.

zh-cn	其次，将高阶路径作为判别特征，对种子节点对间的可用长路径实施惩罚。
en-us	Secondly, by using high order paths as judging features, theavailable long paths between seed nodes would be punished.

zh-cn	最后，利用多个真实复杂网络数据集进行数值算例。
en-us	Finally, several real complex network datasets were used for numerical examples calculation.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，与其他基线方法相比，所提方法具有更优的精度与效率。
en-us	Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is more accurate and efficient than other baseline methods.

zh-cn	针对软件定义网络（SDN）现有转发验证机制因嵌入额外的分组字段所带来的通信开销大的问题，提出基于端址重载的包转发验证机制。
en-us	Aiming at the problem that the existing forwarding verification mechanisms in software-defined networking(SDN) incur significant communication overhead caused by embedding additional packet fields, a packet forwarding ver-ification mechanism based on port address overloading was proposed,

zh-cn	其核心思想是入口交换机重构数据分组端口和地址信息实现端址重载，下游交换机基于重载的端址信息实现数据分组的概率验证，控制器统计路径中节点验证有效和无效的数据分组信息并定位异常；
en-us	which key idea was the ingress switch implement-ed port address overloading by reconstructing port and address of packet, downstream switches executed packet proba-bilistic verification based on overloading port address, and the controller acquired valid and invalid packet statistics of node verification in the path and localized anomaly.

zh-cn	理论分析给出了恶意注入与丢弃攻击异常检测阈值；
en-us	Anomaly detection threshold of malicious injecting and dropping packets was presented by theoretical analysis.

zh-cn	最后实现了所提机制并对其进行了评估。
en-us	Finally, the proposed scheme was implemented and evaluated.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，所提机制以引入不超过 10%的转发时延、低于 8%的吞吐率损失实现高效转发及有效的异常定位。
en-us	Experiments demonstrate the proposed scheme achieves efficient forwarding and effective anomaly localization with less than 10% ofadditional forwarding delays and less than 8% of throughput degradation.

zh-cn	为识别多入多出正交空时分组码（MIMO-OSTBC）系统所采用的调制样式，提出了一种基于一维卷积神经网络（1D-CNN）的协作调制识别算法。
en-us	To recognize the modulation style adopted in multiple-input-multiple-output orthogonal space-time block code(MIMO-OSTBC) systems, a cooperative modulation recognition algorithm based on the one-dimensional convolutionalneural network (1D-CNN) was proposed.

zh-cn	首先，采用迫零盲均衡来提升不同调制信号间区分度，并选用天然无损的同相正交（I/Q）信号作为浅层特征；
en-us	With the lossless I/Q signal selected as shallow features, the zero-forcing blindequalization was first leveraged to improve the discrimination of different modulation signals.

zh-cn	然后，设计并训练基于 1D-CNN 的识别模型，从浅层特征中提取深层特征；
en-us	Then the 1D-CNN recog-nition model was devised and trained to extract deep features from shallow ones.

zh-cn	最后，采用投票决策和置信度决策融合策略，提升多天线接收端协作识别精度。
en-us	Later, two decision fusion strategies ofvoting-based and confidence-based were leveraged in the multiple-antenna receiver to improve recognition accuracy.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，所提算法能有效识别{BPSK,4PSK,8PSK,16QAM,4PAM}5 种调制方式，当信噪比大于或等于−2 dB 时，识别精度可达 100%。
en-us	Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively recognize five modulation types {BPSK,4PSK,8PSK,16QAM,4PAM}, with a 100% recognition accuracy when the signal-to-noise is equal or greater than −2 dB.

zh-cn	为了解决僵尸网络隐蔽性强、难以识别等问题，提高僵尸网络检测精度，提出了基于生成对抗网络的僵尸网络检测方法。
en-us	In order to solve the problems of botnets' strong concealment and difficulty in identification, and improve the detection accuracy of botnets, a botnet detection method based on generative adversarial networks was proposed.

zh-cn	首先，通过将僵尸网络流量中的数据包重组为流，分别提取时间维度的流量统计特征和空间维度的流量图像特征；
en-us	By re-organizing the data packets in the botnet traffic into streams, the traffic statistics characteristics in the time dimension andthe traffic image characteristics in the space dimension were extracted respectively.

zh-cn	然后，基于生成对抗网络的僵尸网络流量特征生成算法，在 2 个维度生产僵尸网络特征样本；
en-us	Then with the botnet traffic feature generation algorithm based on generative adversarial network, botnet feature samples were produced in the two dimen-sions.

zh-cn	最后，结合深度学习在僵尸网络检测场景下的应用，提出了基于 DCGAN 的僵尸网络检测模型和基于 BiLSTM-GAN 的僵尸网络检测模型。
en-us	Finally combined with the application of deep learning in botnet detection scenarios, a botnet detection model based on DCGAN and a botnet detection model based on BiLSTM-GAN were proposed.

zh-cn	实验表明，所提模型提高了僵尸网络检测能力和泛化能力。
en-us	Experiments show that the pro-posed model improves the botnet detection ability and generalization ability.

zh-cn	考虑点源、一对吸收机和透明机共存场景，在透明机接收分子概率模型基础上引入干扰因子，考虑空间中吸收机对该透明机接收分子的影响，建立吸收机干扰下点源−透明机信道模型，
en-us	A coexistence scenario with a point source, a pair of absorbing and transparent receiver was considered, an in-terference factor was introduced in the proposed channel model based on the receiving molecular probability in thetransparent receiver considering the influences of the absorbing receiver on the transparent one.

zh-cn	并结合人工神经网络使用Levenberg-Marquardt 算法对信道模型参数进行学习和预测。
en-us	Furthermore, the channelmodel of point source and transparent receiver had been proposed by using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm combined with artificial neural network to study and predict channel model parameters.

zh-cn	仿真结果不仅验证了所提信道模型的有效性，还表明空间中任意点峰值时刻与点源到该点的距离平方成正比，与分子扩散系数成反比，峰值时刻不受空间中的吸收机影响。
en-us	The simulation results not only verify the effectiveness of the proposed channel model, but also show that the peak time of any point in the environment is directly proportional to the square of the distance from the point source to the receiver, and inversely proportional to the molecu-lar diffusion coefficient, and the peak time is not affected by the absorbing receiver in the environment.

zh-cn	为解决内存映像中碎片证据文件提取问题，针对 doc、pdf 等常见文件类型，提出了一种基于内存映像的碎片文件雕刻模型。
en-us	To address the extraction of document evidence for doc, pdf, and other common file types in the memory im-age, the model of fragment file carving based on memory image was proposed.

zh-cn	基于该模型，设计了基于文件对象结构链逆向的碎片文件雕刻算法，能够获取遗留在内存中的文件数据。
en-us	Then, on the basis of the model, the frag-ment file carving algorithm based on the reverse of file object structure chain was designed and implemented, the algo-rithm was able to get file data left behind in the memory image file.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该算法能够成功从内存映像中雕刻出文件相关的元数据信息，例如文件名、文件来源及操作行为等，雕刻精确度达到 100%；而且在典型应用情况下，文件内容数据雕刻精度达到 87.5％，远高于基于磁盘文件雕刻算法的精确度。
en-us	The experimental results show that the proposed al-gorithm can successfully carve out of memory file's metadata, and the accuracy is 100%, and in a typical application case,the accuracy of the algorithm for memory file can achieve 87.5%, far higher than disk-based file caving algorithm.

zh-cn	针对车联社会网络（VSN）的通信安全问题，提出了一种高效的无证书签密方案，
en-us	To solve the communication security problems of vehicular social network (VSN), an efficient certificatelesssigncryption scheme was proposed.

zh-cn	在随机预言模型下基于计算性 Diffie-Hellman 和椭圆曲线离散对数困难性问题证明了所提方案的安全性，为 VSN 成员间的通信提供了机密性和不可伪造性保护。
en-us	The proposed scheme was proven secure in the random oracle model based on the computational Diffie-Hellman problem and elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem, which provided confidentiality and unforgeability protection for VSN members.

zh-cn	采用假名机制解决 VSN 中的隐私保护问题时，在不需要安装额外防篡改装置的条件下，提出了一种车辆假名及其密钥的自生成机制。
en-us	In addition, when the pseudonym mechanism was used to solve the privacyprotection problem in VSN, without installing tamper-proof device, a self-generation mechanism for vehicle pseudonyms and their keys was proposed.

zh-cn	性能分析表明，所提方案可有效减少通信量，并可显著减少密钥生成中心的计算负担。
en-us	The performance analysis shows that the proposed scheme can decrease communicationcost, and significantly reduce the computation overhead of the key generation center.

zh-cn	针对无人机自组网的拓扑时变、节点移动、间歇性连接等特点，提出用时序化图嵌入模型对预处理后的无人机自组网进行表征，基于线性概率计算采样间隔以提高采样效率，
en-us	Aiming at the characteristics of the UAV ad hoc network (UAANET), such as topological temporal-varying,node mobility and intermittent connection, a temporal graph embedding model was proposed to present the preprocessedUAANET. To improve the sampling efficiency, the sampling interval was calculated based on linear probability.

zh-cn	将网络结构特征映射为节点间关系，并采用对抗训练提取节点上下文语义特征。
en-us	The network structure features were mapped to the relationship between nodes, and the contextual semantic features of nodeswere extracted by adversarial training.

zh-cn	利用长短期记忆网络提取无人机自组网的时序特征，预测下一时刻的网络连接情况。
en-us	With the help of long and short-term memory network, the temporal characteristicsof the UAANET were extracted to predict the connection at the next moment. AUC, MAP, and Error Rate were employedas evaluation indexes.

zh-cn	采用 AUC、MAP、Error Rate 作为评价指标。Ns-3 仿真实验表明，与 Node2vec、DDNE、E-LSTM-D等方法相比，所提方法具有更高的预测准确率。
en-us	The simulation experiments based on NS-3 show that compared with Node2vec, DDNE andE-LSTM-D, the proposed method has a better accuracy.

zh-cn	为了解决车联网中车辆用户使用基于位置的服务（LBS）时真实位置的泄露问题，提出一种基于公交车缓存的位置隐私保护方案。
en-us	To solve the problem of real location leakage when vehicles use location-based service (LBS) on the Internet of vehi-cles, a location privacy protection scheme based on bus cache was proposed.

zh-cn	公交车先根据其线路信息向 LBS 提供商获取兴趣点（POI）池，
en-us	Firstly, a point of interest (POI) pool was obtained from the LBS provider based on its route information.

zh-cn	然后在行驶时根据其当前位置从 POI 池中挑选部分 POI 数据形成 POI 列表并广播给周围私家车。
en-us	Then the data in the POI pool was selected form a POI list while driving.Finally, the POI list was broadcast to surrounding private vehicles.

zh-cn	私家车在接收到广播信息后，验证公交车身份，然后将 POI 列表存储到车辆的本地缓存中。
en-us	After the private vehicle received the broadcast data, it veri-fied the identity of the bus and then stored the POI list in the vehicle's local cache.

zh-cn	当私家车需要查询 POI 信息时，首先在本地缓存中进行检索，若缓存未命中再以 k-匿名的方式向 LBS 提供商发送查询请求。
en-us	When a private vehicle needed to queryPOI information, it would first retrieve it in the local cache, and if the cache was missed, it would send a query request to theLBS provider using the k-anonymity method.

zh-cn	仿真实验结果表明，所提方案通过减少私家车与 LBSP 的通信次数，能够降低私家车真实位置泄露的可能性，从而有效提高私家车的位置隐私保护水平。
en-us	The simulation experiment results show that the proposed scheme can reducethe possibility of leakage of the real location of the private vehicle by reducing the number of communications between theprivate vehicle and the LBSP, thereby effectively improving the privacy protection level of the private vehicle.

zh-cn	为了解决 5G 移动通信超密集场景下功耗较大、频谱紧张、能效不高等问题，针对两层异构蜂窝非正交多址接入网络，提出了一种基于能效最大的资源分配算法。
en-us	In order to solve problems of high power consumption, spectrum shortage and low energy efficiency in the ul-tra-intensive 5G mobile communication scenario, a resource allocation algorithm based on the maximum energy effi-ciency for the two-layer heterogeneous cellular non-orthogonal multiple access network was proposed.

zh-cn	在超密集场景下行通信链路中，通过分步求解频率资源分配和功率分配方案将 NP-hard 优化问题转化为确定性的约束寻优问题，提出了基于谱聚类用户分组算法和改进的 k-means 基站聚类分簇算法，得到不同用户组的频率资源分配方案。
en-us	The original NP-hard optimization problem on the downlink communication link of ultra-dense scene was divided into two subprob-lem, such as frequency resource allocation and power allocation, which became a deterministic constraint optimization problem. The frequency resource allocation scheme of different user groups was obtained by using base station clustering based on the improved k-means algorithm and users grouping based on spectral clustering algorithm.

zh-cn	基于 Dinkelbach 方法将能效优化的分式问题转化为可求解的连续凸优化问题，并通过拉格朗日乘子迭代算法实现功率分配。
en-us	The fraction of en-ergy efficiency optimization was transformed into a solvable continuous convex optimization problem and power distri-bution was realized by Dinkelbach method, and the Lagrange multiplier iterative algorithm, respectively.

zh-cn	从基站分簇、用户分组、资源块分配与功率分配方面共同优化系统能效，最大限度地削弱基站簇间干扰与簇内干扰。
en-us	Jointly optimizesystem energy efficiency in terms of base station clustering, user grouping, resource block allocation and power alloca-tion, which minimized the inter-cluster interference and intra-cluster interference of the base station efficiently.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提算法在能效和计算效率相较对比算法均有明显优化。
en-us	The sim-ulation results show that the proposed algorithm is better on energy efficiency and computational efficiency comparedwith existing algorithms.

zh-cn	为了解决传统基于最优化方法所设计的无线网络资源管理策略通常复杂度较高且实时性差，不利于在线决策制定的问题，针对基于 SWIPT 的传感云系统，建立汇聚（sink）节点能效最大化问题及其数学模型，
en-us	To solve the problems of high complexity and poor real-time performance caused by traditional wireless re-source management based on optimization methods, the energy efficiency maximization problem of sink node and its mathematical model were established for SWIPT-enabled sensor-cloud system,

zh-cn	然后引入深度学习方法，通过对最优化算法的学习实现更低复杂度与更高实时性的算法设计。
en-us	then the deep learning method was intro-duced to realize the solving and online decision-making with lower complexity and higher real-time performance.

zh-cn	为了实现深度学习算法在网络资源分配中的应用，首先将 sink 节点最优能效模型转化为高维可求解形式，设计具有迭代形式的SWIPT-WMMSE 算法实现最优波束成形矢量的求解，同时证明了算法的收敛性。
en-us	The mathematical model was transformed into a high-dimensional solvable form, and then a SWIFT-WMMSE algorithm withiterated forms was designed to solve optimal beamforming vector. The convergence of SWIPT-WMMSE algorithm wasproved.

zh-cn	然后基于 DNN 逼近误差的传递过程推导了 DNN 设计准则，并通过对 DNN 的训练实现其对 SWIPT-WMMSE 算法的逼近。
en-us	Then, based on error propagation of DNN approximation, the scale design criteria for the DNN was deduced, andthe approximation was realized through DNN training.

zh-cn	最后通过仿真实验分别验证了 SWIPT-WMMSE 算法与 DNN 算法的有效性，及 DNN 算法的逼近效果和在提升系统性能方面的优势。
en-us	Finally, the simulation results verify the effectiveness of SWIPT-WMMSE and DNN algorithm, as well as the approximation effect of DNN and its system performance gains.

zh-cn	针对认知容量收集网络中网络切片的频谱共享问题，提出了一种认知容量收集网络中网络切片频谱共享策略。
en-us	To realizing the network slice with spectrum sharing in cognitive capacity harvesting network, a spectrum sharing strategy was proposed based on 4D conflict graph and opportunistic capacity.

zh-cn	通过建立 4D 冲突图模型，提出了无冲突节点集的求解方法，
en-us	Firstly, a 4D conflict graph modelfor mesh network was built and a method to achieve the node sets with conflict free was proposed.

zh-cn	并建立了频谱共享的机会容量模型，推导了非授权信道的机会容量，联合 4D 冲突图模型和机会容量模型提出了一种认知容量收集网络中网络切片频谱共享策略。
en-us	Then, the opportunis-tic capacity model of spectrum sharing was established and the opportunistic capacity of the unlicensed channel was de-rived. Finally, the spectrum sharing strategy based on 4D conflict graph and opportunistic capacity was proposed for cog-nitive capacity harvesting network.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，与现有算法相比，所提算法能有效利用机会频谱资源，进一步提高信道利用率。
en-us	The simulation results show that compared with existing algorithms, the proposed al-gorithm can effectively utilize opportunistic spectrum resources and further improve channel utilization.

zh-cn	如今，高精度室内定位服务因成为众多 5G 重大应用场景的关键支撑而受到广泛关注，其实现技术、实现方案不断更新，且各具优缺点及特异性。
en-us	Nowadays, high-precision indoor positioning service has witnessed an increasing interest because it has be-come the key support of many 5G major application scenarios, and the implementation technologies and mechanisms are continuously updated with advantages, disadvantages and specificities.

zh-cn	因此，对高精度室内定位服务进行时效的、系统化的总结，并对其演进方向进行分析。
en-us	Therefore, a timely and systematic summary ofindoor-positioning was made, and that of prospects for where this domain was heading.

zh-cn	首先，在总结已有的综述类文献的基础上，按定位技术、定位方案 2 种不同维度对室内定位领域进行分类总结；
en-us	Firstly, based on the analysis of the existing papers, summarization of this domain was proposed from two aspects, such as positioning-techniques and positioning-methods.

zh-cn	其次，提出了基于定位场景的分类，指出了其中蕴含的“隐性要求”；
en-us	Secondly, a classification model was put forward based on the positioning scenarios and the “hid-den requirements” included were pointed out.

zh-cn	再次，提出了定位系统评价指标体系并对现有高精度定位系统进行评估；
en-us	Then, the evaluation indices system of positioning-systems was proposedand some of the existing high-accuracy positioning system was evaluated by it.

zh-cn	最后，总结了高精度室内定位领域未来的演进方向，指出了网络一体化发展的趋势，提出了“在线即在位”等重要概念。
en-us	Finally, the direction of evolution abouthigh-precision indoor positioning domain was summarized, the development trend of integrated network was pointed out,and some important concepts, such as “online is inplace”, were proposed.

zh-cn	针对快时变频分双工（FDD）大规模多输入多输出（MIMO）系统中因无线信道干扰使信道状态信息（CSI）矩阵中存在噪声以及多普勒频移导致的时间相关性使系统无法保证高可靠和低时延通信的问题，提出一种智能CSI 反馈方法。
en-us	In the frequency division duplexing (FDD) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, the chan-nel state information (CSI) matrix existed noise caused by the wireless channel interference and the time correlationcaused by Doppler shift. Because of these effects, the communication system couldn't guarantee the requirements of re-liability and low delay. An intelligent CSI feedback method was adopted.

zh-cn	该方法利用卷积神经网络（CNN）和批标准化（BN）网络对 CSI 矩阵中的噪声进行提取并且学习信道的空间结构，通过注意力机制提取 CSI 矩阵间的时间相关性以提高 CSI 重构的精度。
en-us	The convolutional neural network (CNN) andbatch normalization (BN) network was used to extract the noise in the CSI matrix and learned the spatial structure of thechannel. The time correlation between the CSI matrices through the attention mechanism was extracted to improve theaccuracy of CSI reconstruction.

zh-cn	利用标准的快时变信道模型仿真产生的数据对网络进行离线训练。
en-us	The data was generated by the standard fast time-varying channel model simulation totrain the network offline.

zh-cn	系统仿真与分析表明，所提方法能够有效地抑制噪声的影响以及对多普勒引起的时间相关性进行提取。
en-us	System simulation and analysis show that the proposed method can effectively suppress the in-fluence of noise and extract the time correlation caused by Doppler.

zh-cn	与代表性 CSI 压缩反馈方法和 CsiNet 方法相比，所提方法拥有更好的归一化均方误差（NMSE）和余弦相似度性能。
en-us	Compared with the traditional CSI compressionfeedback algorithm and CsiNet algorithm, the proposed method has better NMSE and cosine similarity performance.

zh-cn	为了降低面向再生编码分布式存储系统的外包数据审计机制的安全实现开销，提出了一种正交化代数编码方法，以此构造一类基于线性同态认证的轻量型隐私保护审计方案。
en-us	To reduce the security implementation cost of the outsourcing data audit mechanism for the regenerat-ing-coding-based distributed storage systems, an orthogonal algebraic coding method was put forward to construct a lightweight privacy-preserving audit scheme based on linear homomorphic authentication.

zh-cn	利用文件编码数据与私有密钥向量的正交化构造外包存储向量的同态认证标签，并提出利用密钥特定分量的正交基向量组的随机化掩码来完成审计响应消息的隐私保护，实现代数编码、隐私保护和安全审计的高效融合。
en-us	The homomorphic authentication tags were gen-erated with the orthogonalization between the file encoded data and the private secret key vector, and the privacy protection of the auditing response message was achieved by using the random masking that was constructed by randomizing the orthogonalbasis vectors of the specific sub-vector of the user's secret key. The work realized the effective integration of algebraic coding,privacy protection, and security auditing.

zh-cn	理论分析表明，所提方案在再生编码分布式存储应用中可实现信息理论意义下的安全性。
en-us	Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed scheme can realize the infor-mation-theoretic security in the regenerating-coding-based storage applications.

zh-cn	与现有同类工作相比，该方案计算复杂度低，通信开销小，具有更好的性能优势。
en-us	Compared with the existing works, the proposedscheme is of low computational complexity and communication overhead, and better performance advantages.

zh-cn	针对说话人确认中无法准确捕获特征间非线性关系的问题，提出了一种基于深层信息散度最大化的目标函数表示方法。
en-us	To solve the problem that the nonlinear relationship between speaker representations cannot be accurately captured in speaker verification, an objective function based on depth information divergence maximization was proposed.

zh-cn	该方法能通过计算特征所在分布之间相似度，来对特征间的非线性关系进行隐性表示，
en-us	It could implicitly represent the nonlinear relationship between speaker representations by calculating the similarity be-tween their distributions.

zh-cn	并在最大化这种统计相关性的优化目标指导下，使深度神经网络向着同类数据更紧凑、异类数据更分散的方向优化，最终达到提升深层特征空间区分性的目标。
en-us	Under the supervision of the optimization goal of maximizing the statistical correlation, thedeep neural network was optimized towards the direction that the within-class data was more compact and the be-tween-class data were far away from each other, and finally the discrimination of deep speaker representation space couldbe effectively improved.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，相对于其他深度学习方法，所提方法的相对等错误率（EER）最多降低了 15.80%，显著提升了系统性能。
en-us	Experimental results show that compared with other deep learning methods, the relative EER of the proposed method is reduced by 15.80% at most, which significantly improves the system performance.

zh-cn	针对未来网络中出现的多智能设备协作计算场景，提出了一种基于深度强化学习的多智能体联合计算卸载策略。
en-us	A joint network computation offloading strategy based on multi-agent deep reinforcement learning was proposed to meet the requirement of the multi-device cooperative computing scenario in the future network.

zh-cn	所提策略通过多智能体强化学习值分解方法将多智能体联合动作策略函数拆解到各智能体设备上，达成系统的联合卸载决策，使系统在联合计算卸载任务中能够根据当前时刻智能体设备的计算能力、通信能力等状态和任务的时延需求、通信数据量以及所需的计算量等特点自适应地调整上传边缘侧或进行本地计算的策略选择。
en-us	Through a value decomposition process the multi-agent joint value function was factorized to obtain the joint offloading decision of the system. Based on the proposed strategy, offloading or local computing decision could be adjusted adaptively according to the present condition of the agents as computation capacity or communication capacity and the corresponding properties of the offloading tasks as data size, delay requirement and computation requirement.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，针对多种场景下不同用户数和业务需求，所提策略能够有效兼顾任务的时延和能耗需求，系统成本指标较对比策略降低16%。
en-us	Simulation results indicate the proposed strategy reduce 16% of the system cost which including time delay and energy consumption compared to the comparing strategy in different scenarios with different amount of the agents.

zh-cn	为了提高联邦学习的通信效率,针对用户计算能力和信道状态异构的场景,提出了一类基于时分多址接入的用户调度策略,在满足给定单轮模型训练所需计算的样本数量约束下,最小化单轮模型更新的系统时延。
en-us	To improve the communication efficiency in FL(federated learning), for the scenario with heterogeneous edge user's computing capacity and channel state, a class of time division multiple access(TDMA) based user scheduling policies were proposed for FL. The proposed policies aim to minimize the system delay in each round of model training subject to a given sample size constraint required for computing in each round.

zh-cn	理论分析了该调度策略的预期收敛速度,探究收敛性能与系统总时延的均衡关系,并进一步分析最优批大小的选择问题。
en-us	In addition, the convergence rate of the proposed scheduling algorithms was analyzed from a theoretical perspective to study the tradeoff between the convergence performance and the total system delay. The selection of the optimal batch size was further analyzed.

zh-cn	仿真结果显示,所提算法与基准算法相比,模型收敛速率提升30%以上。
en-us	Simulation results show that the convergence rate of the proposed algorithm is at least 30% higher than all the considered benchmarks.

zh-cn	针对付费信道网络交易成功率低及网络失衡问题,提出区块链付费信道网络高效路由策略。
en-us	In order to solve the problems of the low transaction success rate and network imbalance of the paymentchannel network, an efficient routing strategy of blockchain-based payment channel network was proposed.

zh-cn	该策略根据业务类型及业务优先级为高优先级业务建立专用付费信道,并将常规业务划分为多个交易单元,
en-us	This strategyestablished a dedicated payment channel for the high-priority services according to the service type and service priority, and divided the conventional business into multiple transaction unit.

zh-cn	通过信道均衡选路算法为各交易单元选路,减少链上交易次数,维持付费信道的长时间稳定性运行,提高交易成功率。
en-us	Furthermore, a channel balanced routing algorithm was de-signed to route each transaction unit, which could reduce the number of transactions on the blockchain and maintainlong-term stable operation of the off-chain payment channel, as well as improve the transaction success rate.

zh-cn	为了避免多个交易同时使用某一链路导致资金暂时性短缺、信道不可用,设计付费信道网络交易排队机制。
en-us	In addition, inorder to avoid the temporary shortage of funds and unavailability of channels due to a certain link occupied by multiple transactions simultaneously, a transaction queuing mechanism in the payment channel network was designed.

zh-cn	该机制通过计算交易到达节点与下一跳节点之间的托管金额,建立交易的转发规则,对于排队阈值内无法进行资金注入的节点,设计信道均衡选路算法为其计算新的转发路径。
en-us	This mechan-ism established the forwarding rules for transactions by calculating the escrow amount between the node that transactions arrived and the next hop node, where the channel balanced routing algorithm was used to calculate the new forwarding pathfor the nodes that could not carry out capital injection within the queuing threshold.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明,所提策略可以提高交易成功率并实现付费信道网络均衡。
en-us	The simulation results show that the proposed strategy could improve the transaction success rate and realize the equilibrium of the payment channel network.

zh-cn	针对现有随机路由防御方法对数据流拆分粒度过粗、对合法的服务质量（QoS）保障效果不佳、对抗窃听攻击的安全性有待提升等问题,提出一种基于深度确定性策略梯度（DDPG）的随机路由防御方法。
en-us	To solve the problem of the existing routing shuffling defenses, such as too coarse data flow splitting granular-ity, poor protection effect on legitimate QoS and the security against eavesdropping attacks needed to be improved, a random routing defense method based on DDPG was proposed.

zh-cn	通过带内网络遥测（INT）技术实时监测并获取网络状态;通过DDPG方法生成兼顾安全性和QoS需求的随机路由方案;通过P4框架下的可编程交换机执行随机路由方案,实现了数据包级粒度的随机路由防御。
en-us	INT was used to monitor and obtain the network state inreal time, DDPG algorithm was used to generate random routing scheme considering both security and QoS requirements,random routing scheme was implemented with programmable switch under P4 framework to realize real-time routingshuffling with packet level granularity.

zh-cn	实验表明,与其他典型的随机路由方法相比,所提方法在对抗窃听攻击中的安全性和对网络整体QoS的保障效果均有提升。
en-us	Experiment results show that compared with other typical routing shuffling de-fense methods, the security and QoS protection effect of the proposed method are improved.

zh-cn	为了解决城市场景中车联网时空数据异构以及单个基础设施范围内存在连通效率低下的问题，提出一种 车联网时空数据分析及其通达性方法。
en-us	In order to solve the problems of diversity spatio-temporal data and low connectivity efficiency in a single road side unit for Internet of vehicles (IoV) in an urban scene, a spatio-temporal data analysis and accessibility method was presented.

zh-cn	首先，给出基于噪声去除和数据填充的时空数据分析方法，构建基于张量 因子聚合的神经网络预测车辆之间的连通强度；
en-us	First, a spatio-temporal data analysis method based on de-noising and data filling was introduced, and a tensor factor aggregation-based neural network was constructed to predict connectivity intensity among vehicles.

zh-cn	然后，基于车联网连通强度给出有基础设施车联网的通达性方法。
en-us	Then, a con- nectivity intensity prediction-based accessibility method was proposed.

zh-cn	仿真实验结果表明，基于张量因子聚合的神经网络可以有效预测车辆之间的连通强度，所提方法可以有效减少连 通冗余和路边基础设施负载。
en-us	The simulation results demonstrate that the pro- posed connectivity intensity prediction method can accurately predict connectivity intensity among vehicles, and the proposed accessibility method can effectively reduce connectivity redundancy and loads of road side units.

zh-cn	为了应对设备差异化计算能力及非独立同分布数据对联邦学习性能的影响，高效地调度终端设备完成模 型聚合，提出了一种基于深度强化学习的设备节点选择方法。
en-us	To cope with the impact of different device computing capabilities and non-independent uniformly distributed data on federated learning performance, and to efficiently schedule terminal devices to complete model aggregation, a method of node selection based on deep reinforcement learning was proposed.

zh-cn	该方法考虑异构节点的训练质量和效率，筛选恶意 节点，在提升联邦学习模型准确率的同时，优化训练时延。
en-us	It considered training quality and efficien- cy of heterogeneous terminal devices, and filtrate malicious nodes to guarantee higher model accuracy and shorter train- ing delay of federated learning.

zh-cn	首先，根据联邦学习中模型分布式训练的特点，构建 基于深度强化学习的节点选择系统模型。
en-us	Firstly, according to characteristics of model distributed training in federated learning, a node selection system model based on deep reinforcement learning was constructed.

zh-cn	其次，考虑设备训练时延、模型传输时延和准确率等因素，提出面向节 点选择的准确率最优化问题模型。
en-us	Secondly, considering such factors as device training delay, model transmission delay and accuracy, an optimization model of accuracy for node selection was proposed.

zh-cn	然后，将问题模型构建为马尔可夫决策过程，并设计基于分布式近端策略优化 的节点选择算法，在每次训练迭代前选择合理的设备集合完成模型聚合。
en-us	Finally, the problem model was constructed as a Markov decision process and a node selection algorithm based on distributed proximal strategy optimization was designed to obtain a reasonable set of devices before each train- ing iteration to complete model aggregation.

zh-cn	仿真实验表明，所提方法显著提高了联 邦学习的准确率和训练速度，且具有良好的收敛性和稳健性。
en-us	Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly im- proves the accuracy and training speed of federated learning, and its convergence and robustness are also well.

zh-cn	近年来，如何识别影响力最大的重要节点已成为网络科学最前沿的热点方向。
en-us	In recent years, how to select the most influential key node for identification has become the most cutting-edge hot direction in network science.

zh-cn	将复杂网络节点影响力最 大化问题表述为一个优化问题，其成本函数表示为节点影响力及其间的距离，使用 Shannon 熵对节点影响力进行 度量，并利用一种改进灰狼优化算法来解决此问题。
en-us	Formulating the problem of maximizing the influence of complex network nodes as an optimization problem whose cost function was expressed as the influence of nodes and the distance between them, meas- ures user influence using Shannon entropy, and solved this problem using an improved gray wolf optimization algorithm.

zh-cn	最后，使用真实复杂网络数据集进行数值计算。
en-us	Finally, numerical examples were performed with real complex network datasets.

zh-cn	结果表明， 与现有算法相比，所提算法精度更高，且计算效率较高。
en-us	The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is more accurate and computationally efficient than the existing method.

zh-cn	针对传统流形学习在数据降维时不考虑原数据类别和聚类程度低的缺陷，提出了一种有监督判别投影 （SDP）的流形学习降维算法来改善网络安全数据降维效果。
en-us	In response to the problem that for dimensionality reduction, traditional manifold learning algorithm did not consider the raw data category information, and the degree of clustering was generally at a low level, a manifold learning dimensionality reduction algorithm with supervised discriminant projection (SDP) was proposed to improve the dimen- sionality reduction effects of network security data.

zh-cn	在近邻矩阵基础上，利用数据集的类别标签信息，构 建有监督判别矩阵，变无监督流形学习为有监督学习，寻找一个同时具有最大全局散度矩阵和最小局部散度矩阵 的低维投影子空间，保证了降维投影后同类数据聚集而异类数据分散的特性。
en-us	On the basis of the nearest neighbor matrix, the label information of the raw data category was exploited to construct a supervised discriminant matrix in order to translate unsupervised pop- ular learning into supervised learning. The target was to find a low dimensional projective space with both maximum global divergence matrix and minimum local divergence matrix, ensuring that the same kind of data was concentrated and heterogeneous data was scattered after dimensionality reduction projection.

zh-cn	实验结果显示，与传统降维算法相 比，所提算法可以较低的时间复杂度去除冗余数据，并且降维后的数据聚类效果更好，异类样本更分散，适用于 实际的网络安全数据分析模型。
en-us	The experimental results show that the SDP algorithm, compared with the traditional dimensionality reduction algorithms, can effectively remove redundant data with low time complexity. Meanwhile the data after dimensionality reduction is more concentrated, and the heterogeneous samples are more dispersed, suitable for the actual network security data analysis model.

zh-cn	针对具有反馈时延的单小区多用户 MIMO 蜂窝干扰网络，采用时延度（DoD）来量化干扰对齐方案引起 的信息时延，提出一种基于偏袒干扰消除的回溯干扰对齐（PIE-RIA）方案。
en-us	For interference networks, the degree of delay (DoD) was proposed to quantify the information delay among traditional interference alignment (IA) schemes. It indicated that networks suffer from the issue of latency caused by IA schemes. Herein, for the MIMO downlink broadcast channel (BC), the partial interference elimination based retrospective interference alignment scheme (PIE-RIA) was put forward.

zh-cn	该方案首先在中继处获取干扰符号 并设计预编码矩阵，然后中继发送已编码的干扰符号至用户执行干扰消除，最后基站利用反馈的干扰信号与 CSI 实现多个用户的回溯干扰对齐。
en-us	In the scheme, relay technique was adopted to eliminate par- tial interference signals so that part of desired symbols could be decoded promptly in user sides. Meanwhile, in the last slot, the eliminated signals could be regenerated in base station side with the retrospective interference alignment (RIA) scheme .

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，PIE-RIA 方案在保留自由度（DoF）增益的同时降低了 DoD，保 证了时延敏感网络中信息传输的实时性。
en-us	The simulation results show that PIE-RIA scheme maintains degree of freedom (DoF) gain of RIA scheme and in the meantime, achieves lower DoD than the other schemes.

zh-cn	为了解决差分隐私下多重一致性约束的最优发布问题，通过分析最优一致性发布原理提出了多重一致性 约束问题的逼近方法。
en-us	Under differential privacy, to solve the optimal publishing problem with multiple consistency constraints, an approximation method of multiple consistency constraints was proposed by the theoretical analysis of the principle of op- timal consistency release.

zh-cn	所提方法的主要思想是将一致性约束问题划分为多个一致性约束子问题，通过反复独立地 求解各一致性约束子问题实现原问题的最优一致性发布。
en-us	The main idea was to divide the consistency constraint problem into several consistency con- straint sub-problems and then achieve the original problem's optimal consistency release by solving each consistency constraint sub-problem repeatedly and independently.

zh-cn	其优势在于一致性约束问题划分之后，子问题往往更容 易求解或者实现子问题最优一致性发布的技术已相当成熟，从而能够解决更加复杂的差分隐私最优发布问题。
en-us	The advantage was that after the consistency constraint problem divided, the sub-problems were often easier to solve, or the technology to achieve optimal and consistent release of sub-problems is quite mature. Therefore more complex differential privacy optimal release problem could be solved.

zh-cn	分 析论证了逼近方法的收敛性，保证任意一致性约束子问题的划分均能实现原问题的最优一致性发布。
en-us	Af- ter analysis, the approximation method's convergence was fully demonstrated, ensuring that any partition of consistency constrained sub-problems can always achieve the optimal consistency release of the original problem.

zh-cn	并且，以销 量直方图发布为例，基于多重一致性约束问题的逼近方法设计了差分隐私餐馆销量直方图一致性并行发布算法。
en-us	Furthermore, tak- ing the sales histogram publishing as an example, based on the approximation method of multiple consistency constraints, a parallel algorithm was designed with optimal consistency release under differential privacy.

zh-cn	实验表明，该算法相比通用解法可提升效率高达 400 倍，并且具备处理百万级大规模数据的能力。
en-us	The experimental results show that the algorithm's efficiency is 400 times higher than that of the general solution, and the algorithm can process millions of large-scale data.

zh-cn	为了降低求解优化问题的难度，提出一种双层的多路侧单元（RSU）协同缓存框架将问题进行解耦。
en-us	In order to reduce computation complexity, a two-layer mutli-RSU (road side unit) service caching and peer offloading algorithm (MPO) was proposed to decouple the optimization problem.

zh-cn	外 层采用多智能体元强化学习方法，在每个本地智能体进行决策学习的同时，采用长短期记忆网络作为元智能体来 平衡本地决策并加速学习过程，从而得到最优的 RSU 缓存策略；
en-us	In the designed MPO, the outer layer utilized multi-agent meta-reinforcement learning, which established long short-term memory (LSTM) network as the me- ta-agent to balance decisions of local agents and accelerate learning progress.

zh-cn	内层采用拉格朗日乘子法求解最佳协同卸载策 略，实现 RSU 间的任务分配。
en-us	The inner layer utilized lagrange multiplier method to achieve optimal decision for RSU peer offloading.

zh-cn	基于杭州真实交通数据的实验表明，所提方法具有理想的能效性能，并且能够在 大规模任务流下保持网络稳健性。
en-us	Experimental results based on real traffic data in Hangzhou demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other methods and remains robust under large-scale workloads.

zh-cn	针对软件定义网络（SDN）中数据包缺乏有效转发验证机制的问题，提出了一种基于属性签名标识的数 据包转发验证方案。
en-us	Aiming at the lack of effective forwarding verification mechanism for packet in software defined network (SDN), a data packet forwarding verification scheme based on attributed-based signatures identification was proposed.

zh-cn	首先，根据用户的身份属性生成属性签名标识，并为数据包打上属性签名标识。
en-us	First, the attribute signature identification was generated according to the user's identity attribute, and the data packet was marked by the attribute signature identification.

zh-cn	然后，使用 P4 转发设备对数据包进行精确控制与采样，控制器对采样数据包进行属性签名验证，OpenFlow 转发设备根据控 制器下发的流表对转发异常的数据包进行处理。
en-us	Then, the P4 forwarding device was used to control accurately and sam- ple the data packet. The controller verified the attribute signature of the sampled data packet. The OpenFlow forwarding device processes the abnormal data packets according to the flow table issued by the controller.

zh-cn	最后，构建了多控制器架构，避免了控制器单点失效故障。
en-us	Finally, a mul- ti-controllers architecture was constructed to avoid the single point failure of the controller.

zh-cn	实验 结果表明，所提方案实现了对数据包的精确控制与采样，能有效检测数据包篡改、伪造等异常行为，其网络时延 处于可行通信时延范围内。
en-us	The results of the experiment indicate that the scheme can achieve accurate control and sampling of data packet, effectively detect the forwarding ab- normal behaviors such as packet tampering and forgery, and the network delay is within the range of feasible communi- cation delay.

zh-cn	目前，关于分布式存储因果一致性的研究领域中鲜有考虑安全风险的成熟方案。
en-us	At present, there are few mature solutions to consider security risks in the research field of distributed storage causal consistency.

zh-cn	在混合逻辑时钟和 HashGraph 的基础上，结合可信云平台中的可信云联盟技术，提出了具有可信约束的分布式存储因果一致性模型 （CCT 模型）。
en-us	On the basis of hybrid logic clock and HashGraph, combined with trusted cloud alliance technology in trusted cloud platform, a distributed storage causal consistency model (CCT model) with trust constraints was pro- posed.

zh-cn	CCT 模型在客户端、服务端分别设计了身份认证和一致性数据可信校验机制，并对云存储集群中 数据副本之间同步数据的过程进行了安全约束。
en-us	The CCT model designed identity authentication and consistent data trust verification mechanism on the client side and the server side respectively, and imposed security constraints on the process of data synchronization between data replicas in the cloud storage cluster.

zh-cn	通过仿真实验验证，CCT 模型在造成了较小性能开销的前提下， 能对客户端和服务端中身份签名伪造、非法第三方等安全风险进行识别并验证，为系统提供可信约束。
en-us	Through the simulation experiment, CCT model can identify and verify the identity signature forgery, illegal third party and other security risks in the client and server, and provide the trusted con- straint for the system on the premise of causing small performance cost.

zh-cn	为了解决无线能量收集网络中节点能量的不确定性使系统难以设计合理的传输策略的问题，构建源节点 电池容量受限的菱形信道，以最大化系统端到端的吞吐量为目标，
en-us	In order to solve the problem that the energy harvesting uncertainty of node in wireless energy harvesting net- work makes it difficult for the system to design a reasonable transmission strategy, a diamond channel with limited bat- tery capacity of the source node were constructed. The goal was to maximize the end-to-end throughput of the system.

zh-cn	在满足传输节点间能量和数据因果及电池能量 无溢出约束的条件下，构建系统中端到端吞吐量最大化的模型，提出一种最优的离线传输功率和速率分配策略。
en-us	Under the conditions of meeting the constraints of energy and data causality between transmission nodes and no battery energy overflow, a model to maximize the end-to-end throughput of the system was built, and an optimal offline trans- mission power and rate allocation strategy was proposed.

zh-cn	该策略首先根据理论分析和公式推导，将最优传输问题转化为求解广播信道侧的最优传输问题，利用注水算法求 解源节点到中继节点的最优总功率。
en-us	Firstly, based on theoretical analysis and formula derivation, the strategy transformed the optimal transmission problem into the optimal transmission problem on the side of the broadcast channel, and used the water-filling algorithm to solve the optimal total power from the source node to the relay node.

zh-cn	然后根据广播信道吞吐量最大化问题中的截止功率水平，分析源节点到各中 继节点的吞吐量，
en-us	Then, the throughput of the source node to each relay node was analyzed based on the cutoff power level in the broadcast channel throughput maximization problem.

zh-cn	根据中继节点数据到达情况，采用迭代注水法求解中继节点到目的节点最优传输功率，并通过 扩展多址接入信道最优速率满足条件求解最优速率。
en-us	Finally, according to the data arrival of the relay node, the iterative wa- ter-filling method was used to solve the optimal transmission power from the relay node to the destination node, and the optimal rate was solved by extending the optimal rate of the multiple access channel.

zh-cn	仿真结果证明了所提优化策略的可行性和正确性。
en-us	Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and correctness of the proposed optimization policies.

zh-cn	为了解决 Android 应用权限机制的滥用，提出了一种基于虚拟机字节码注入技术的 Android 应用程序权 限访问控制方法。
en-us	To solve the abuse of the Android application permission mechanism, a method of Android application access control based on virtual machine bytecode injection technology was proposed.

zh-cn	所提方法能够根据用户的安全需求和使用场景，生成虚拟机字节码形式的安全策略，并将其注 入 Android 应用的涉及危险权限请求和敏感数据访问的代码单元中，从而实现动态应用行为控制。
en-us	The security policy in the form of virtual ma- chine bytecode was generated according to the user's security requirement and usage scenario, and injected into the coding unit of Android application that involves dangerous permission request and sensitive data access, to realize dynamic applica- tion behavior control.

zh-cn	对国内 4 家主 流应用商店爬取的应用程序进行测试，结果表明，所提方法可以对合法 App 的敏感 API 调用和危险权限请求进行 有效拦截，并根据预定的安全策略实施控制，
en-us	Tests on applications crawled from four mainstream domestic App stores show that the method can ef- fectively intercept sensitive API calls and dangerous permission requests of legitimate App programs and implement control according to pre-specified security policies.

zh-cn	注入虚拟机字节码后的大部分 App 运行不受注入代码影响，稳健性 得到保证，且具有较好的普适性。
en-us	Also, after injecting virtual machine bytecode, most of the App program opera- tion is not affected by the injected code, and the robustness is guaranteed. The proposed method has a good universality.

zh-cn	为了解决现实环境中网络规模日益扩大导致网络攻击持续高发的现状，将威胁情报应用到态势感知，构 建基于随机博弈的态势感知模型。
en-us	In order to deal with the problems that the increasing scale of the network in the real environment leads to the continuous high incidence of network attacks, the threat intelligence was applied to situational awareness, and the situa- tional awareness model based on random game was constructed.

zh-cn	将外源威胁情报与系统内部安全事件之间的相似度进行比较，对目标系统进行 威胁察觉，根据系统内部的威胁信息生成内源威胁情报；
en-us	Threat perception of the target system was performed by comparing the similarity between the exogenous threat intelligence and the internal security events of the system. At the same time, internal threat intelligence was generated based on the threat information inside the system.

zh-cn	在此过程中，利用博弈论的思想量化系统当前的网络安 全态势，评估网络的安全状况，最终实现对网络安全态势的预测。
en-us	In this process, game theory was used to quantify the current network security situation of the system, evaluate the security status of the network. Finally, the prediction of the network security situation was realized.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，基于威胁情报的网络安全态势 感知模型能正确地反映网络安全状态的变化，对攻击行为进行准确的预测。
en-us	The experimental results show that the network security situation awareness method based on threat intelligence can reflect the changes in the network security situation and predict attack behaviors accurately.

zh-cn	海量数据价值虽高但与用户隐私关联也十分密切，以高效安全地共享多方数据且避免隐私泄露为目标， 介绍了非聚合式数据共享领域的研究发展。
en-us	Although there is a great value hidden in the massive data, it can also easily expose user privacy. Aiming at ef- ficiently and securely sharing data from multiple parties and avoiding leakage of user private information, the develop- ment of related research and technologies on the non-aggregated data sharing field was introduced.

zh-cn	首先，简述安全多方计算及其相关技术，包括同态加密、不经意传输、 秘密共享等；
en-us	Firstly, secure mul- ti-party computing and its technologies were briefly described, including homomorphic encryption, oblivious transfer, secret sharing, etc.

zh-cn	其次，分析联邦学习架构，从源数据节点和通信传输优化方面探讨现有研究；
en-us	Secondly, the federated learning architecture was analyzed from the aspects of source data nodes and transmission optimization.

zh-cn	最后，整理对比面向 隐私保护的非聚合式数据共享框架，为后续研究方案构建和运行提供支撑。
en-us	Finally, the existing non-aggregated data sharing frameworks were listed and compared.

zh-cn	此外，总结提出非聚合式数据共享领 域的挑战和潜在的研究方向，如复杂多参与方场景、优化开销平衡、相关安全隐患等。
en-us	In addition, the challenges and future potential research directions were summarized, such as complex multi-party scenarios, the balance between optimization and cost, as well as related security risks.

zh-cn	身份认证是车辆接入车联网（IoV）的第一道防线。
en-us	Identity authentication is the first line of defense for vehicles to access IoV (Internet of vehicles).

zh-cn	然而现有方案还不能满足 IoV 的高效认证需求，也 不能实现快速的匿名追溯。
en-us	However, the existing schemes cannot meet the requirements of efficient authentication of IoV well, nor can they realize fast anonym- ous traceability.

zh-cn	鉴于此，提出了一种 IoV 中双向匿名可追溯组认证协议。
en-us	In view of this, a bidirectional anonymous traceability group authentication protocol was proposed in IoV. In this protocol, a number of RSU (road side unit) were grouped quickly and dynamically.

zh-cn	该协议先将多个路侧单元 （RSU）进行快速动态的分组，并对进入 RSU 组的车辆利用切比雪夫混沌映射的单向陷门性和半群特性进行接 入认证，
en-us	And the vehicles entering the RSU group were authenticated with the one-way trap gating property and semi-group property of Chebyshev chaotic map.

zh-cn	当车辆在组内的 RSU 之间切换时采用反向哈希链进行快速切换认证。
en-us	When the vehicle switched between the RSU within a group, the reverse hash chain was used for fast handover authenti- cation.

zh-cn	另外，组内 RSU 可以对恶意车辆 进行身份的匿名追溯，并利用区块链对其身份进行快速撤销，还可以对泄露真实身份的用户进行 ID 的自由变更 。
en-us	In addition, the RSU within a group can trace anonymously and revoke the identity of malicious vehicles quickly by using blockchain, and can also freely change the ID of users who reveal their real identity.

zh-cn	同时运用随机预言机模型证明了协议的语义安全性。
en-us	At the same time, the se- mantic security of the proposed protocol is proved by using the random predictor model.

zh-cn	最后，通过仿真验证了该方案具有良好的安全性和有效性
en-us	Finally, simulation results show the proposed scheme has good security and effectiveness.

zh-cn	针对低功耗蓝牙网络邻居发现时延难以评估的问题，面向蓝牙 5.0 标准提出一种基于中国剩余定理的低 功耗蓝牙邻居发现时延分析模型，建立邻居发现过程中广播间隔、扫描间隔以及扫描窗口参数配置与发现时延大 小的理论关系，验证了不同参数配置条件对邻居发现时延大小的影响。
en-us	For Bluetooth low energy neighbor discovery protocol, it was usually difficult to assess the discovery latency performance. A latency performance model of neighbor discovery based on Chinese remainder theorem for Bluetooth 5.0 standard was proposed. A mathematical relationship between the discovery latency and key parameters was put forward, including advertising interval, scan interval and scan window. The effect of different parameter configurations on the neighbor discovery latency was verified.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，所提出的模型能够有效预 测参数配置影响下的时延峰值，为不同的应用场景提供参数配置验证与指导。
en-us	Experimental results show that the model can effectively predict the delay peak under the influence of parameter configuration, and provide parameter configuration verification and guidance for differ- ent application scenarios.

zh-cn	针对当前频谱管理中表征方式较单一、管理方式对人的经验依赖性较强、管理效率和精准度较低等问题，面向未来频谱管理的自动化、智能化、精准化需求，
en-us	To solve the issues of simple representations on spectrum situation, much dependence on artificial experiencein manual management and low efficiency and accuracy in the current spectrum management, meeting the requirementsof automation, precision and real time for future spectrum management, the theory and technology of knowledge graphwere introduced into spectrum management.

zh-cn	将知识图谱理论与技术引入频谱管理中，给出了频谱知识图谱的概念和其依赖的频谱知识体系，以及三元组形式的表示方法，
en-us	The definition of spectrum knowledge graph, the knowledge schema it de-pends on and its representation in the form of triples were proposed.

zh-cn	构建了由图谱层、设备层和场景层构成的基于频谱知识图谱的智能频谱管理框架，
en-us	The intelligent spectrum management frameworkbased on spectrum knowledge graph, consisting of the graph layer, the equipment layer and the scenario layer, was con-structed.

zh-cn	探讨了基于频谱知识图谱的用频推荐、频谱搜索、频谱问答等典型应用。
en-us	Typical applications based on spectrum knowledge graph were discussed, including the recommendation systemfor spectrum usage, the search engine on spectrum management, and question answering for spectrum management.

zh-cn	仿真实验表明，频谱知识图谱能在用频推荐中发挥知识引导的作用。
en-us	Ex-periments demonstrate the spectrum knowledge graph can play a role of guidance by spectrum knowledge in spectrumusage recommendation.

zh-cn	威胁界定模糊性和策略大规模性导致难以快速准确地选取处置策略，针对该问题，提出基于区间决策图的威胁处置策略快速匹配方法。
en-us	Due to the inaccuracy of threat detection and the scale of response policies, it is very difficult to accurately se-lect response policies. To address the above problem, fuzzy interval decision diagram to quickly match response policywas proposed.

zh-cn	首先对威胁处置策略进行归一化描述，定义了模糊化的威胁处置策略；
en-us	Firstly, the response policy was formally and fuzzily defined.

zh-cn	将威胁类型、严重程度、置信度、攻击频度、传播方式等策略匹配条件进行排序，提出了带模糊算子的区间决策图构造算法，设计了面向威胁处置的策略动态匹配算法，实验证明了其有效性。
en-us	Considering threat type, threat level, attack frequency and propagation mode, an algorithm with fuzzy operator was designed to construct interval decision diagram.Further, a fuzzy match algorithm was proposed to quickly select response policies. Experimental results show the effi-ciency of the proposed approach.

zh-cn	传统的网络异常流量检测方法往往存在特征选择差与泛化能力较弱等缺陷，导致检测精度较低。
en-us	Problems such as a difficulty in feature selection and poor generalization ability were prone to occur when tra-ditional method was exploited to detect abnormal network traffic.

zh-cn	为此，提出了一种基于长短记忆网络（LSTM）与改进残差神经网络优化的异常流量检测方法。
en-us	Therefore, an abnormal traffic detection method basedon the long short term memory network (LSTM) and improved residual neural network optimization was proposed.

zh-cn	首先分析网络流量特征，通过预处理来降低网络流量特征值的差异性；
en-us	Firstly, the features and attributes of network traffic were analyzed, and the variability of the feature values was reducedby preprocessing of network traffic.

zh-cn	然后设计了一种三层堆叠 LSTM 网络来提取不同深度的网络流量特征；
en-us	Then, a three-layer stacked LSTM network was designed to extract network trafficfeatures of different depths. Moreover, the problem of weak adaptability of feature extraction was solved.

zh-cn	最后设计了一种带跳跃连接线的改进残差神经网络对 LSTM 进行优化，改善了深度神经网络中的过拟合与梯度消失等缺点，从而提高网络异常流量检测的准确率。
en-us	Finally, an im-proved residual neural network with skipping connecting line was designed to optimize the LSTM. The defects of deepneural network such as overfitting and gradient vanishing were optimized. The accuracy of abnormal traffic detection wasimproved.

zh-cn	实验表明，所提方法具有较高的训练准确率，数据处理的可视性效果较好，二分类和多分类下的分类准确率分别为 92.3%和 89.3%。
en-us	Experimental results show that the proposed method has higher training accuracy and better visibility of dataprocessing. The classification accuracy rates under two classifications and multiple classifications are 92.3% and 89.3%.

zh-cn	与当前入侵检测方法相比，所提方法在精确率、召回率等参数最优时具有最低的误报率。
en-us	It has the lowest false positive rate when the parameters such as precision rate and recall rate are optimal.

zh-cn	在数据样本在遭到破坏时具有较强的稳健性，同时也具有较好的泛化能力。
en-us	Moreover, i thas strong robustness when the sample is destroyed. Furthermore, better generalization ability can be achieved.

zh-cn	针对智能检测模型的性能受限于原始数据（特征）表达能力的问题，设计了一种残差网络结构 ResNet-32用于挖掘区块链交易特征间隐含的关联关系，自动学习包含丰富语义信息的高层抽象特征。
en-us	Aiming at the problem that the performance of intelligent detection models was limited by the representationability of original data (features), a residual network structure ResNet-32 was designed to automatically mine the intricateassociation relationship between original features, so as to actively learn the high-level abstract features with rich seman-tic information.

zh-cn	虽然浅层特征区分能力弱，但更忠于原始交易细节的描述，如何充分利用两者的优势是提升异常交易检测性能的关键，
en-us	Low-level features were more transaction content descriptive, although their distinguishing ability wasweaker than that of the high-level features. How to integrate them together to obtain complementary advantages was thekey to improve the detection performance.

zh-cn	因此提出了特征融合方法自适应地桥接高层抽象特征与原始特征之间的鸿沟，自动去除其噪声和冗余信息，并挖掘两者的交叉特征信息获得最具区分力的特征。
en-us	Therefore, multi feature fusion methods were proposed to bridge the gap be-tween the two kinds of features. Moreover, these fusion methods can automatically remove the noise and redundant in-formation from the integrated features and further absorb the cross information, to acquire the most distinctive features.

zh-cn	最后，结合以上方法提出区块链异常交易检测模型（BATDet），并通过Elliptic 数据集验证了所提模型在区块链异常交易检测领域的有效性。
en-us	Finally, block-chain abnormal transaction detection model (BATDet) was proposed based on the above presentedmethods, and its effectiveness in the abnormal transaction detection is verified.

zh-cn	为了解决地面用户向多无人机边缘计算网络卸载数据时存在的地面被动窃听问题，提出了一种通过联合优化用户匹配和资源分配使系统能耗最小化的安全数据卸载策略。
en-us	To solve the problems of ground passive eavesdropping when ground users offload data to the mul-ti-UAV(unmanned aerial vehicle) edge computing network, a secure data offloading strategy that minimized system en-ergy consumption by jointly optimizing user matching and resource allocation was proposed.

zh-cn	考虑了系统时延、通信资源、计算资源的限制，采用保密中断概率对数据卸载过程的安全性能进行约束。
en-us	Considering the constraintsof system delay, communication resources and computing resources, the probability of security interruption was used torestrict the security performance of the data offload process.

zh-cn	利用块坐标下降和连续凸近似算法联合优化用户发送功率、卸载因子、无人机计算资源分配、干扰功率，并基于成对稳定的用户匹配算法最小化无人机系统总能耗。
en-us	By using block coordinate descent and successive convex approximation algorithm, the user transmission power, offload factor, UAV computing resource allocation and jammingpower were jointly optimized. A pair-wise stable user matching algorithm was proposed to minimize the total energyconsumption of UAV system.

zh-cn	仿真数据表明，该算法可以实现数据的安全卸载，并且在能耗、时延等性能上优于传统策略。
en-us	Simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm can realize the safe offloading of data,and has good performance in energy consumption and delay by comparing with the conventional strategies.

zh-cn	针对现有视距（LOS）定位方法在非视距（NLOS）环境中定位精度急剧恶化的问题，提出一种基于散射体信息的室内 NLOS 多站协作定位算法，可在完全没有 LOS 路径的情况下进行定位。
en-us	In indoor environments, the localization accuracy of existing line of sight (LOS) solutions will deteriorate se-verely in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environment. In order to solve this problem, an scatterer information based indoorNLOS multiple base stations cooperative localization algorithm was proposed, which could realize localization when noLOS path was available.

zh-cn	首先，利用多 AP 以及联合场景先验信息协同确定目标 NLOS 区域和散射体模糊区域；
en-us	Firstly, the target NLOS area and scatterer blur area were collaboratively determined throughmultiple AP and joint scene prior information.

zh-cn	其次，根据信号的到达角对散射体区域进行约束，并在区域内搜索散射体的位置信息；
en-us	Secondly, the areas of scatterer were further constrained according to theangle of arrival.

zh-cn	然后，利用这些信息构造基于差分飞行时间的误差最小化方程；
en-us	Then, an error minimization equation based on the differential time of flight was established by employ-ing angle, scatterer and time.

zh-cn	最后，提出混合使用遗传算法和列文伯格马夸尔特算法求解目标方程。
en-us	Finally, a hybrid algorithm using genetic algorithm and Levenberg Marquardt algorithm wasproposed to solve the objective equation.

zh-cn	仿真及真实环境模拟测试结果显示，所提算法仅通过NLOS 路径即可定位目标。
en-us	Simulation and measurement results show that the proposed algorithm can lo-calize the target with only NLOS paths.

zh-cn	针对属性协同访问控制面临更复杂的权限动态更新问题，提出了具有属性即时撤销、属性级用户撤销和协同策略撤销的属性协同访问控制方案。
en-us	To solve the dynamic update of access rights in attribute-based collaborative access control, a novel schemewas proposed with the revocation of attribute, user and collaborative policy.

zh-cn	所提方案给出了形式化定义与安全模型，以分组属性组内成员列表信息的变化反映用户权限的动态更新，进一步设计高效的重加密算法实现属性即时撤销和用户撤销。
en-us	A formal definition and a security modelwere presented, the group-based attribute group were changed to reflect the update of rights, and further, an efficientre-encryption algorithm was used to realize the immediate revocation of attributes and users.

zh-cn	在协同策略撤销方面，利用转移节点的转移值特性，快速更新协同属性对应的密文以实现细粒度的协同策略撤销。
en-us	The translation value wasused to achieve the revocation of collaborative policy by update corresponding ciphertext.

zh-cn	安全证明表明，所提方案在选择明文攻击下能保证数据机密性，前向、后向安全性，并能抵抗共谋攻击。
en-us	The security analysis showsthe scheme can guarantee data confidentiality, forward/backward security, and resist collusion attack under chosenplaintext attack.

zh-cn	与已有方案相比，所提方案具有更完备的细粒度撤销功能以及更高的撤销运行效率。
en-us	Compared with the related works, the proposal achieved more complete and efficient revocation scheme.

zh-cn	为了提高 5G 无线通信系统性能，引入非正交多址接入（NOMA）技术构建了全双工物联网（IoT）中继系统模型。
en-us	To improve the performance of 5G communication system, a full duplex Internet of things (IoT) relay systemmodel was built by introducing the non-orthogonal multi-access (NOMA) technology.

zh-cn	针对无线携能通信（SWIPT）中继系统，该模型考虑中继节点能够捕获源节点、环路自干扰、空闲能量接入点（EAP）的信号能量，使用 NOMA 技术转发源节点信号与自身信号至不同的目的节点。
en-us	For the relay system of simultane-ous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT), it was considered that the relay node can harvest the energy of thesource node, the self-interference signal of the loop channel and the free energy access point (EAP), and NOMA technol-ogy was used to forward the source node signal and its own signal to different destination nodes.

zh-cn	在该模型基础上，提出了一种基于功率分配协作的 SWIPT 中继选择策略。
en-us	Based on the model, apower distribution collaboration SWIPT relay selection strategy was proposed to optimize system throughput.

zh-cn	该策略基于通信服务质量与源节点发射功率等约束建立问题模型，
en-us	Firstly, the problem model was established based on the constraints of communication quality of service and transmission power of source nodes.

zh-cn	通过数学变换将原非线性 0-1 规划问题转换为一对耦合优化问题，基于内部优化问题的最优解解决最优中继选择的外部优化问题，
en-us	And then, the original nonlinear 0-1 programming problem was converted into a pair of coupling optimiza-tion problem by mathematical transformation, and the optimal relay selection of outer optimization problem was solved based on the optimal solution of the internal optimization problem.

zh-cn	利用最优中继选择算法最大化系统吞吐量。
en-us	Finally, an optimal relay selection algorithm was used to maximize system throughput.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提模型和策略在吞吐量增益方面优于传统的最大最小中继选择方案，并且 EAP 的考虑能够显著提高系统中断性能。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed model and strategy are superior to the tradi-tional maximum-minimum relay selection schemes in terms of throughput gain, and the consideration of EAP can signif-icantly improve the interrupt performance.

zh-cn	针对复杂环境导致目标跟踪性能显著下降的问题，提出基于粒子滤波与度量学习的目标跟踪方法。
en-us	Focusing on the issue of the significant degradation of target tracking performance caused by adverse factorsin complex environment, a target tracking method based on particle filtering and metric learning was proposed.

zh-cn	所提方法首先离线训练可高效获取目标特征的卷积神经网络（CNN）；
en-us	First of all, a convolutional neural network (CNN) was offline-trained via the proposed method to effectively obtain the target characteristics.

zh-cn	其次，基于核回归度量学习（MLKR）方法构建最小化预测误差的距离度量矩阵优化模型，并利用梯度下降法求解所得模型以获得候选目标最优解；
en-us	After that, the distance measurement matrix optimization model to minimize the prediction error could beconstructed on the basis of the metric learning for kernel regression (MLKR) method, and the resultant model could be handled via using the gradient descent approach to obtain the optimal solution of the candidate target.

zh-cn	再次，基于最优候选预测值计算重构误差以构建目标观测模型；
en-us	Moreover, based on the predicted value of the optimal candidate target, the reconstruction error was calculated to construct the target observa-tion model.

zh-cn	最后，引入长短时稳定更新策略并基于粒子滤波跟踪框架实现有效跟踪。
en-us	Finally, a long-short-term update strategy was introduced to achieve the effective target tracking under theparticle filter tracking framework.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，复杂环境下所提方法具有较高跟踪精度及较好稳健性。
en-us	The experiment results show that the proposed method has higher tracking accuracyand better robustness in complex environments.

zh-cn	为解决毫米波多天线系统大量移相器（PS）引起的高功耗问题，设计了一种新型动态连接结构，以最大化频谱效率为目标提出了连续干扰消除（SIC）和连续干扰消除−交替方向乘子（SIC-ADMM）2 种混合预编码方案。
en-us	To solve the problem of large power consumption caused by a large number of phase shifter (PS) in millimeterwave multi-antenna systems, a new type of dynamic connection structure was designed. With the goal of maximizingspectrum efficiency, two hybrid precoding schemes, successive interference cancellation (SIC) and successive interfer-ence cancellation-alternating direction multiplier (SIC-ADMM), were proposed.

zh-cn	SIC 将总速率问题分解为不同射频链路的子速率问题，先对模拟部分进行逐次迭代，转化为低维度等效矩阵后再对数字部分进行求解。
en-us	In SIC scheme, the sum-rate problemwas decomposed into multiple sub-rate problems of different radio frequency links, the analog part was solved by itera-tion, and the digital part was solved by a low-dimensional equivalent matrix.

zh-cn	SIC-ADMM 是对 SIC 的改进，通过研究多变量子速率问题实现算法的快速收敛，并能有效地降低计算复杂度。
en-us	Based on SIC scheme, an improvedSIC-ADMM scheme was further proposed by studying the multi-variable sub-rate problem to achieve rapid convergence and reduce computational complexity effectively.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提方案在频谱效率和能量效率方面优于现有典型预编码方案，且更适用于大规模天线系统。
en-us	The simulation results show that the proposed schemes have good spectrum and energy efficiencies by comparison with the existing schemes, and are more suitable for large-scale antennasystems.

zh-cn	此外，当关闭一定比例 PS 后，所提方案能够通过牺牲少量频谱效率换取能量效率的大幅提升。
en-us	In addition, when a certain percentage of PS is turned off, the proposed scheme can greatly improve energy effi-ciency by sacrificing a small amount of spectrum efficiency.

zh-cn	针对大数据环境下基于 Can 树的增量关联规则算法存在树结构空间占用过大、支持度阈值无法动态设置以及 Map 与 Reduce 阶段数据传输耗时等问题，提出了一种基于信息熵和遗传算法的并行关联规则增量挖掘算法MR-PARIMIEG。
en-us	Aiming at the problems that in the big data environment, the Can-tree based incremental association rule algo-rithm had problems such as too much space occupation of the tree structure, inability to dynamically set the supportthreshold, and too much time consumption during the data transfer process between the Map and Reduce stages, the MapReduce-based parallel association rules incremental mining algorithm using information entropy and genetic algorithm(MR-PARIMIEG)was proposed.

zh-cn	首先，该算法设计基于信息熵的相似项合并策略（SIM-IE）来合并相似数据项，并根据合并后的数据集进行 Can 树构造，从而减少树结构的空间占用；
en-us	Firstly, a similar items merging based on information entropy (SIM-IE) was designed tomerge similar data items, and a Can tree based on the merged data set was constructed, thereby reducing the space occu-pation of the tree structure.

zh-cn	其次，提出基于遗传算法的 DST-GA 策略获取大数据环境下相对最优的动态支持度阈值，根据此阈值进行频繁项集挖掘，避免了冗余的频繁模式挖掘导致的时间消耗；
en-us	Secondly, the dynamic support threshold obtaining using genetic algorithm (DST-GA) wasproposed to obtain the relatively optimal dynamic support threshold in the big data environment, and frequent itemsetmining was performed according to this threshold to avoid the unnecessary time consumption caused by mining redun-dant frequent patterns.

zh-cn	最后，在 MapReduce 并行化运算过程中使用并行 LZO 数据压缩算法对 Map 端输出数据进行压缩，从而减少传输的数据规模，最终提升算法的运行速度。
en-us	Finally, in the process of MapReduce parallel operation, the parallel LZO data compression algorithmwas used to compress the output data of the Map stage, thereby reducing the size of the transmitted data, and finally improv-ing the running speed of the algorithm.

zh-cn	实验仿真结果表明，MR-PARIMIEG 在大数据环境下进行频繁项集挖掘时具有较好的性能表现，适用于对较大规模的数据集进行并行化处理。
en-us	Experimental simulation results show that MR-PARIMIEG has better performancewhen mining frequent item sets in the big data environment, and it is suitable for parallel processing of larger data sets.

zh-cn	为了实现数据安全共享的同时减少客户端在数据挖掘过程中的计算成本，基于 BCP 同态加密算法提出了联合委托学习模型及协议。
en-us	In order to realize data security sharing and reduce the computing costs of clients in data mining process, ajoint delegation learning model and protocol based on BCP homomorphic encryption algorithm was proposed.

zh-cn	首先，针对决策树模型的安全构造提出了基于虚假记录的隐私保护方法。
en-us	Firstly, aprivacy preserving method based on false records was proposed for the security of decision tree model.

zh-cn	其次，根据数据垂直分布与水平分布的情况，基于隐私保护委托点积算法和隐私保护委托求熵算法提出了相应的委托学习协议。
en-us	Secondly, in viewof the vertical and horizontal distribution of data, the corresponding delegation learning protocols based on privacy pre-serving delegation dot product algorithm and privacy preserving delegation entropy algorithm was proposed.

zh-cn	最后，给出了委托学习协议及决策树模型结构的安全性证明和性能分析。
en-us	Finally, the security proof and the performance analysis of delegation learning protocols and decision tree model structure were given.

zh-cn	结果表明，基于虚假记录的隐私保护方法不会影响最终模型的构建，并且各客户端最终获得的模型与真实数据构建的模型具有一致性。
en-us	The results show that the privacy protection method based on false records does not affect the final model construction,and the final model obtained by each client is the same as that constructed by real data.

zh-cn	针对海洋网络节点间计算能力与通信资源的差异性，提出了一种基于海洋网络连通概率的边缘计算节点选取方法。
en-us	Considering the differences in computing capacity and communication resources of the maritime networknodes, a maritime network connectivity probability based method was proposed for selecting edge computing servicenodes.

zh-cn	根据海洋近岸与远岸的网络节点密度不同，分别建立 2 种卸载模型。
en-us	Because of the different node densities in the near-shore and far-shore scenarios, two offloading models were es-tablished accordingly.

zh-cn	在近岸场景下，提出多节点协同的卸载方法，利用基于海洋多节点协同卸载遗传算法求解；
en-us	In the near-shore scenario, a multi-node cooperative offloading method was proposed by using thegenetic algorithm based on maritime multi-node cooperative offloading.

zh-cn	在远岸场景下，提出可容错的卸载方法，利用基于分组交叉学习粒子群算法求解。
en-us	In the far-shore scenario, a fault-tolerant of-floading method was proposed based on the particle swarm algorithm with grouping cross learning.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提方法较传统方法可降低 30%以上的网络延时并可节约 20%以上的网络成本，极大提高了各类海事应用的用户体验。
en-us	Simulation results show that compared with conventional methods, the proposed methods save over 30% network delay and reduces about20% network costs, which can greatly enhance the maritime user experiences.

zh-cn	DNS 隐蔽信道是网络安全中不容忽视的重要安全问题。
en-us	DNS covert channel is an important security issue that cannot be ignored in network security.

zh-cn	利用 DNS 访问服务器的操作广泛存在于传统 PC、智能手机及新型基础设施的联网通信中，防火墙等基础防御设施一般不会对 DNS 数据进行过多过滤。
en-us	The operation ofusing DNS to access the server is widely used in the network communication of traditional PC, smart phones and new in-frastructure. Basic defense facilities such as firewalls generally do not filter DNS data too much.

zh-cn	泛在性、隐蔽性使其成为攻击者手中较理想的秘密信道，因此关注已有研究成果及发展趋势都十分必要。
en-us	The ubiquity and conceal-ment make it an ideal secret channel for attackers. It is necessary to pay attention to the existing research results and devel-opment trends.

zh-cn	首先，将 DNS隐蔽信道的发展历程概括为 3 个发展阶段，并分析各个阶段的情况。
en-us	The development process was summarized into three stages, and the situation of each stage was analyzed.

zh-cn	然后，对其进行形式化定义，深入剖析构建机理，
en-us	Formally it was defined and the construction mechanism was deeply analyzed.

zh-cn	并对其存在的不可绕过的异常点进行分析归纳，总结检测方法并将其分为传统检测方式、人工智能赋能的检测方式，提出现存问题。
en-us	The existing abnormal points that cannot be bypassed were analyzed and summarized, the detection methods were summarized and divided into traditional detectionmethods and artificial intelligence-powered detection methods, the existing problems were raised.

zh-cn	最后，总结当前 DNS 隐蔽信道的主要研究方向，并对其未来的发展趋势进行展望。
en-us	Finally, The main research direction of the current was summarized, and its future development trend was prospected.

zh-cn	拟态防御是一种基于动态异构冗余架构的新型主动防御技术，具有内在不确定、异构、冗余及负反馈等特性，从而能显著提高系统稳健性和安全性。
en-us	Mimic defense is the new active defense technology based on the dynamic heterogeneous redundant architec-ture. With inherent uncertainty, heterogeneous, redundant and negative feedback features, it can significantly improve the robustness and security of system.

zh-cn	其中多执行体调度算法是拟态防御技术的关键，其优劣直接影响拟态系统抵抗基于已知或未知漏洞后门攻击的能力。
en-us	Among them, the scheduling algorithm is the key to mimic defense technology, which advantages and disadvantages directly affect the ability of system to resist attacks based on known or unknown vulnera-bilities.

zh-cn	基于此，首先介绍了拟态调度算法技术和目标，然后从调度对象、调度数量及调度时机这 3 个方面对调度算法研究现状进行了分析总结，最后展望了拟态调度算法未来的研究方向与趋势。
en-us	Based on this, the principle and goal of mimic scheduling algorithm were firstly introduced. Then the state-of-the-art of mimic scheduling algorithms were analyzed and summarized from three aspects, such as scheduling object, scheduling quantity and scheduling timing. Finally, the future research direction and trend of mimic schedulingalgorithms were prospected.

zh-cn	在能源互联网中引入无人机进行电力线路巡查，并借助移动边缘计算技术实现巡检任务的接入和处理，可降低服务成本，提高工作效率。
en-us	In order to reduce the cost and improve efficiency of power line inspection, UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle),which use mobile edge computing technology to access and process service data, are used to inspect power lines in theenergy internet.

zh-cn	但是，由于无人机数据传输需求和地理位置的动态变化，易造成边缘服务器负载不均衡，致使巡检业务处理时延和网络能耗较高。
en-us	However, due to the dynamic changes of UAV data transmission demand and geographical location, theedge server load will be unbalanced, which causes higher service processing delay and network energy consumption.

zh-cn	为解决以上问题，提出基于深度强化学习的能源互联网智能巡检任务分配机制。
en-us	Thus, an intelligent inspection task allocation mechanism for energy internet based on deep reinforcement learning wasproposed.

zh-cn	首先，综合考虑无人机和边缘节点的运动轨迹、业务差异化的服务需求、边缘节点有限的服务能力等，建立面向时延、能耗等多目标联合优化的双层边缘网络任务卸载模型。
en-us	First, a two-layer edge network task offloading model was established to archive joint optimization of mul-ti-objectives, such as delay and energy consumption. It was designed by comprehensively considering the route of UAVand edge nodes, different demands of services and limited service capabilities of edge nodes.

zh-cn	进而，基于 Lyapunov 优化理论和双时间尺度机制，采用近端策略优化的深度强化学习算法，对固定边缘汇聚层和移动边缘接入层边缘节点间的连接关系和卸载策略进行求解。
en-us	Furthermore, based onLyapunov optimization theory and dual-time-scaled mechanism, proximal policy optimization algorithm based deep re-inforcement learning was used to solve the connection relationship and offloading strategy of edge servers between fixededge sink layer and mobile edge access layer.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提机制能够在保证系统稳定的情况下降低服务时延和系统能耗。
en-us	The simulation results show that, the proposed mechanism can reduce theservice request delay and system energy consumption while ensuring the stability of system.

zh-cn	针对电子健康档案（EHR）在分布式系统中的密钥管理及用户身份追溯问题，提出了一种基于区块链的分布式 EHR 细粒度可追溯方案。
en-us	Aiming at the key management of electronic health records (EHR) in a distributed system and user identitytracing issues, a distributed EHR fine-grained traceability scheme based on blockchain was proposed.

zh-cn	结合变色龙哈希和零知识证明技术实现区块链上节点的注册与身份证明的生成，从而实现区块链上恶意用户的追溯。
en-us	Combining chame-leon hash and zero-knowledge proof technology, the registration of nodes on the blockchain and the generation of identitycertificates were realized, and the traceability of malicious users on the blockchain was realized.

zh-cn	针对密钥管理的单点故障问题，设计了分布式密文策略的属性基加密方案实现安全细粒度的数据访问控制，设置多个解密机构区块链节点联合分发用户节点的属性私钥。
en-us	Besides, given the singlepoint of failure problem of key management, the attribute-based encryption scheme of distributed ciphertext strategy wasdesigned to achieve secure and fine-grained data access control, and multiple decryption agency blockchain nodes wereset up to jointly distribute the attribute private keys of user nodes.

zh-cn	安全性分析表明，基于区块链的可追溯分布式密钥生成属性基加密算法是随机预言机模型下自适应安全的，并通过实验证明了所提方案的可行性和实用性。
en-us	The security analysis shows that the traceable distrib-uted key generation attribute-based encryption algorithm based on the blockchain is adaptively secure under the randomoracle model, and through experiments, the feasibility and practicability of the proposed scheme are shown.

zh-cn	针对基于网络编码的协作恢复（CR）机制线性可解性未知问题，建立了 CR 机制网络编码包的线性可解性的量化分析模型，给出了在任意阶伽罗华编码有限域下接收方解码出所有源数据包的概率上下界，并提出了一种改进 Gauss-Jordan 的线性可解性在线判定算法。
en-us	The linear solvability of network coding based cooperative recovery/repair (CR) scheme was studied. Specifi-cally, the solvability analysis model for network coding based CR scheme was established, the upper and lower bounds of the probability for any receiver to decode all original information under arbitrary order of Galois coding field were pro-posed and proved, and an on-line solvability judgement algorithm was designed by improvement of Gauss-Jordan algo-rithm.

zh-cn	数值实验结果验证了所提上下界的紧密性和改进 Gauss-Jordan算法解码的低等待时延特性，
en-us	Numerical results validate the compactness of the proposed upper and lower bounds as well as the short-time de-coding waiting delay of the improved Gauss-Jordan algorithm.

zh-cn	节点部署实验显示改进 Gauss-Jordan 算法较传统 Gauss 算法解码复杂度降低 35%。
en-us	Node deployment experiments show that the decodingcomplexity of the improved Gauss Jordan algorithm is reduced by 35% compared with the traditional Gauss algorithm.

zh-cn	在传统通信系统中，随机接入是终端与网络之间建立无线链路的必经过程，只有在随机接入完成之后，终端与网络之间才能正常进行数据传输。
en-us	In conventional communication systems, the random access (RA) is a necessary procedure for a user equip-ment (UE) to establish wireless connection to the network before actual data transmission.

zh-cn	聚焦大规模节点物联网，首先阐述了大规模物联网随机接入的基本特征，分析了传统授权随机接入（RA）方法对于大规模物联网应用的局限性；
en-us	Focusing on the massive IoTwith large number of nodes, the fundamental characteristics and limitations of conventional grant-based RA were firstlydiscussed.

zh-cn	然后从系统模型、协议框架、算法流程、系统性能等多个角度，讨论免授权 RA、半免授权 RA、无用户标识 RA 三大类新型大规模随机接入方法，分析各类方法优缺点，并指出面临的挑战与潜在的机遇；
en-us	Then, the grant-free RA, semi-grant-free RA and unsourced RA for massive IoT were addressed in details frommultiple perspectives, including their system models, protocol frameworks, algorithm procedures, system performance,related pros and cons, as well as critical challenges and potential opportunities.

zh-cn	最后对大规模物联网随机接入涉及的关键技术与共性问题进行了总结。
en-us	Finally, some highlights on the related keytechniques and common issues in random access for massive IoT were concluded.

zh-cn	在总结密集连接相关研究的基础上，阐述了未来移动通信网络中密集终端接入的关键技术，分析了网络架构及相关技术、密集连接的传输技术和接入技术等几个重点方向的研究进展，提出了多种连接形式并存的灵活性网络结构。
en-us	Based on reviews of the work regarding dense connection, the strategic technologies for dense connection inthe upcoming future mobile communication were illuminated. The state of the art of dense connection, including networkarchitecture and related technologies, the transmission technology of dense connection, and the access technology ofdense connection were analyzed. A flexible access network structure with verity of connection forms coexisting was pro-posed.

zh-cn	针对上下行覆盖不对称问题，结合用户的服务质量需求，提出了基于上下行分离网络架构的密集终端接入方案，阐述了为应对大规模组网和密集连接需求要实现的网络架构立体化和通信与计算一体化的必要性，
en-us	Aiming at the asymmetry of uplink and downlink coverage and considering the QoS requirements of users, a denseterminal access scheme based on the uplink-and-downlink-separated network architecture was proposed. The necessity of the three-dimensional network architecture and the integration of communication and computing to meet the needs oflarge-scale networking and dense connection were illuminated.

zh-cn	并基于太赫兹和区块链等技术对频段向上延伸和频谱资源共享等未来重点研究方向进行了讨论与展望。
en-us	Based on technologies such as terahertz and block chain,the future strategic exploratory trends such as the upward extension of frequency bands and the sharing of spectrum re-sources were discussed and prospected.

zh-cn	面向未来 6G 移动通信的大规模网络移动边缘计算与缓存技术，首先，介绍了大规模无线网络下移动边缘计算和缓存的架构与原理，并阐释了移动边缘计算和缓存技术在大规模无线网络中的必要性和普适性。
en-us	For the large-scale network mobile edge computing and caching technology of future 6G mobile communica-tions, firstly, the architectures and principles of mobile edge computing and caching in large-scale wireless networks were introduced, and the necessity and universality were clarified.

zh-cn	接着，从计算卸载、边缘缓存、多维资源分配、用户关联和隐私保护这 5 个关键问题出发，综述和分析了移动边缘计算和缓存赋能大规模无线网络时会引入的新型关键问题以及对应的解决方案研究，并进一步指出了未来的发展趋势和研究方向。
en-us	Then, from the perspective of the five key issues in the mo-bile edge computing and caching enabled large-scale wireless network, including computing offloading, edge caching,multi-dimensional resource allocation, user association and privacy protection, the recent researches and further pointedout the future development trends and research directions were reviewed and analyzed.

zh-cn	最后，针对隐私保护问题，提出了一种基于联邦学习的隐私保护方案，并通过仿真结果表明所提方案能够同时保护用户数据隐私且改善系统服务质量。
en-us	Finally, for the privacy preserva-tion issue, a federated learning based privacy-preserving scheme was proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can simultaneously preserve user privacy and improve the quality of service.

zh-cn	面对未来 B5G/6G 网络是大连接复杂智能网络，极其大量的用户连接、需求连接、服务连接，加之 3G、4G、5G 甚至 6G 的综合运用，将导致网络变得极其复杂的挑战，提出了一种三三三网络体系架构，它是一个包含 3 类网络（核心网、接入网、终端网）、3 种资源（频率带宽、功耗、时延）和 3 项需求（生活、工作、服务）的三维立体综合优化的体系架构，简称三三三网络。
en-us	Aiming at the problem that the future B5G/6G network is a complex intelligent network with large connections,coupled with the comprehensive application of 3G, 4G, 5G and even 6G, the future networks will inevitably become ex-tremely complex, a three-three-three network architecture was proposed that was a network that includes three types ofnetworks (core network, access network and terminal network), three resources (frequency band, power and time con-sumptions) and three requirements (active, work and service), which was a three-dimensional comprehensive optimiza-tion system architecture, referred to as the three-three-three network.

zh-cn	进而，论证了三维立体复杂体系的数学计算式，给出了知识+数据驱动学习模型和利用知识学习机制进行智能处理的优化方法。
en-us	Furthermore, the mathematical basic formulas of thethree-dimensional complex network were analyzed, the knowledge + data-driven learning model and the optimization method of intelligent processing using the knowledge learning mechanism were presented.

zh-cn	最后，给出了三三三网络的数值例和可达性能。
en-us	Finally, the numerical exam-ple and reachable performance of the three-three-three network were given.

zh-cn	研究结果表明，所提三三三网络体系架构和优化方法对于设计和运行未来的大连接复杂智能网络是有益的。
en-us	Those results demonstrate that the proposed network architecture and the learning optimization mechanism are beneficial for designing future large-connected com-plex intelligent networks.

zh-cn	为了提高系统容纳连接设备的能力，提出了一种适用于毫米波大规模多输入多输出系统的联合时域−波束域非正交多址接入方案。
en-us	In order to improve the system's ability to accommodate connected devices, a joint time and beam domainnon-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme was proposed, which was suitable for millimeter wave massive mul-tiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems.

zh-cn	该方案利用用户空间信道的相关性和差异性实现波束域接入，利用稀疏扩频技术实现时域接入，
en-us	The correlation and difference of the users' channel were utilized to realizebeam-domain NOMA, and sparse spreading technology was utilized to realize time-domain NOMA.

zh-cn	并以提高系统的通信可靠性为优化目标，构造并求解了联合域稀疏接入矩阵设计的优化问题。
en-us	With the optimiza-tion goal of improving the communication reliability of the system, optimization problem of the joint domain sparseaccess matrix design was constructed and solved.

zh-cn	最后，基于联合域信道质量对接入矩阵进行重构，并在消息传递算法中加入干扰消除操作，降低译码复杂度的同时提高了通信可靠性。
en-us	Finally, the access matrix was reconstructed based on the channel qual-ity of the joint domain, and the interference cancellation operation was added to the message passing algorithm (MPA),which reduced the decoding complexity and improves the communication reliability.

zh-cn	针对工业物联网中边缘计算网络与其余子网的相互依赖特性所导致的网络大规模级联故障问题，考虑到网络修复初期的资源有限性，提出了一种联合考量计算需求与修复开销的网络修复机制。
en-us	Given the limited resources at early stages for recovery, a failure recovery mechanism of the edge computingnetwork considering both computational demands and repair costs was proposed, which intends to tackle the problem of the high probability of large-scale cascading failure caused by the interdependence between the edge computing networkand other subnetworks in industrial Internet of things (IIoT).

zh-cn	考虑到受损网络结构（拓扑关系与链路容量）和动态特征（边缘计算节点计算需求），基于节点计算量守恒定理构建了链路修复策略集与网络计算迁移的联合分析框架。
en-us	Considering the network structure (topology and link capac-ity) and network dynamics (computational demands), a joint link recovery selection and computation migration optimiza-tion problem was formulated under the conservation of node computing requirements.

zh-cn	基于 Benders 分解算法，将原 NP-hard 问题转化为相互依赖的主问题与子问题，通过割平面的不断逼近，实现对原问题最优解在多项式时间内的高效探索。
en-us	By leveraging the Benders de-composition algorithm, the NP-hard problem was transformed into a main problem and a sub-problem, which were inter-dependent and could be solved in polynomial time through the approximation of cutting planes.

zh-cn	结合局部分支法，进一步保障 Benders分解算法的上界在迭代过程中的非增特性，加快算法收敛速度。
en-us	A local branching methodwas further introduced to guarantee the non-increasing nature of the Benders upper bound, thus accelerating the conver-gence of Benders decomposition.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提算法的系统总开销性能优于传统基于拓扑结构的修复算法，并且可以在多场景下保持其性能优势。
en-us	Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conven-tional topology-based recovery algorithm in system utility, and can perform well in multiple scenarios.

zh-cn	移动车辆的连通性是车联网（IoV）的关键指标之一，它会严重影响数据传输的性能。
en-us	The connectivity of moving vehicles is one of the critical metrics in Internet of vehicles (IoV) that critically in-fluence the performance of data transmission.

zh-cn	由于车联网的网络拓扑高频动态变化，车辆之间的通信链路容易频繁地断连。
en-us	Due to the high-frequency dynamic changes of the network topology of theIoV, which causes the link to be easily disconnected frequently.

zh-cn	如何降低链路建立的随机性和链路断开概率，提高整体网络的连通性一直是急需解决的关键问题。
en-us	It is a critical issue to reduce the probability of link dis-connection, and reducing the randomness of link establishment improves the overall network connectivity.

zh-cn	针对上述问题，在视距路径损耗模型和干扰模型下分析网络的连通性，通过对车联网链路在真实世界的表征，设计动态生长（DN）算法。
en-us	To solve theabove problems, the network's connectivity was analyzed under the line of sight path loss model and the interferencemodel, and the dynamic growth (DN) algorithm was designed through the characterization of the IoV link in the realworld.

zh-cn	对车辆节点进行增加、删除和链路的偏好连接后，构建无标度车联网。
en-us	Moreover, a scale-free VANET was built through the network's addition and deletion of nodes and link preferenceconnections.

zh-cn	通过仿真结果分析，网络整体的连通性提升了 16%。
en-us	Simulation results indicate that the overall connectivity of the network is improved by 16%.

zh-cn	研究了高动态、资源受限条件下的卫星通信系统资源调度问题。
en-us	The resource scheduling problem of satellite communication systems under the condition of high-dynamic andresource limitation was studied.

zh-cn	以时间窗口、卫星功耗、信道数量、用户优先级以及任务突发性为约束，建立了卫星资源调度模型。
en-us	A resource scheduling model for satellite communication systems was established basedon time window, energy consumption, number of channels, user priority and task suddenness.

zh-cn	考虑到传统的蚁群优化算法存在初期搜索速度过慢、局部搜索能力较弱以及易陷入局部最优等缺点，提出了以初始解集构造、额外信息素沉积为核心的改进蚁群优化算法，来求解资源调度问题。
en-us	Considering the disadvan-tages of slow initial search speed and weak local search ability, the improved ant colony algorithm based on constructionof initial solution set and extra pheromone deposition was proposed to solve the resource scheduling problem.

zh-cn	仿真实验评估了所提资源调度算法在完成任务的数量、优先级和调度完成时间方面的性能。
en-us	The opti-mization characteristics of the number of completed tasks, priority and scheduling completion time were simulated andanalyzed.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，所提算法具有较快的收敛速度，且与同类型优化算法相比具有更高的调度效率，适用于调度面向密集多波束组网需求的卫星通信系统资源。
en-us	The results show that the algorithm has a fast convergence rate. Compared with the same type optimization al-gorithm, the algorithm has high scheduling efficiency, therefore, it is suitable for scheduling satellite communication sys-tem resources for multi-beam dense networking in the future.

zh-cn	在超密集 D2D 通信中，目前的中继选择方案主要假定中继设备具有主动意愿参与数据转发，但部分理性中继设备出于自身考虑，可能会存在时延或拒绝转发的自私行为，进而影响用户体验效果。
en-us	In ultra-dense D2D communication, the current relay selection schemes mainly assume that the relay devicehas the initiative to participate in data forwarding, but some rational relay devices may delay or refuse to forward dueto their own considerations, thus affecting the user experience.

zh-cn	从中继设备自私行为角度出发，提出了 D2D 通信中自私中继设备识别方法，进而提出了基于自私行为分析的超密集 D2D 中继选择算法。
en-us	From the perspective of selfish behavior of relay de-vices, a method to identify selfish relay devices in D2D communication was proposed, and then an ultra-dense D2Drelay selection algorithm based on selfish behavior analysis was proposed.

zh-cn	首先，定义了联合兴趣度、转发历史比率和中继物理状态 3 个中继识别属性因子，并通过三角模糊函数计算三者的权重，从而对具有自私行为的中继设备完成识别。
en-us	Firstly, three relay identification attributefactors, namely joint interest degree (JID), forwarding history ratio (FHR) and relay physical state (RPS) were defined,and their weights were calculated by triangular fuzzy function to identify relay devices with selfish behavior.

zh-cn	其次，基于理想解相似性偏好排序方法实现了中继设备的最终选择方案。
en-us	Secondly, based on the TOPSIS (technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution) method, the final relay equip-ment selection scheme relay was realized.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提算法能更有效地识别 D2D 通信中的自私中继设备，与其他中继选择算法相比，在 D2D 通信转发成功率、系统平均吞吐量和平均时延等方面均取得了显著进步。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can identify selfish re-lay devices more effectively in D2D communication. Compared with other relay selection algorithms, the proposedalgorithm has made significant progress in the aspects of D2D communication forwarding success rate, system aver-age throughput and average time delay.

zh-cn	SQL 解析过程中利用随机化进行 SQL 注入攻击（SQLIA）防御的有效性是建立在攻击者不了解当前系统采用的具体随机化方法的基础上，
en-us	The effectiveness of combining SQL statement parsing with randomization to defend against SQL injection at-tack (SQLIA) was based on the fact that attackers did not know about the current method of randomization adopted bysystem.

zh-cn	因此，攻击者一旦掌握了当前系统的随机化形式，便能够实施有效的SQLIA。
en-us	Therefore, once attackers had mastered the current method of randomization who can launch effective SQLIA.

zh-cn	为了解决该问题，基于多变体执行设计出一种 SQL 注入运行时防御系统，多变体间采用互不相同的随机化方法，攻击者注入的非法 SQL 无法同时被所有变体解析成功，
en-us	In order to solve this problem, a SQL injection runtime prevention system based on multi-variant execution was designed,the multi-variant apply randomization methods from any other, so that illegal SQL statements could not be parsed suc-cessfully by all variants.

zh-cn	即使在攻击者掌握了随机化方法的情况下，非法 SQL 也最多只能被某一变体解析成功，利用表决机制对多变体的响应结果或解析结果进行表决，及时发现异常，阻断 SQLIA 的攻击路径。
en-us	Even if attackers had mastered the method of randomization, illegal SQL statements could onlybe parsed successfully by a certain variant at most, meanwhile the parsing results of multiple variants were voted to findthe abnormality in time and block attack path.

zh-cn	面向 Web 服务实现了原型系统 SQLMVED，实验证明该系统能够有效抵御 SQLIA。
en-us	The prototype system SQLMVED is implemented for Web services andexperiments show that the prototype can effectively defeat SQLIA.

zh-cn	云计算的高虚拟化与高可扩展性等优势，使个人和企业愿意外包加密数据到云端服务器。
en-us	Due to the advantages of cloud computing, such as virtualization and high scalability, individuals and enter-prises are willing to outsource local data storage and computing to cloud servers.

zh-cn	然而，加密后的外包数据破坏了数据间的关联性。
en-us	However, encryption breaks the link-ability between the data.

zh-cn	尽管能够利用可搜索加密（SE）进行加密数据的文件检索，但不可信云服务器可能篡改、删除外包数据或利用已有搜索陷门来获取新插入文件相关信息。
en-us	Although searchable encryption (SE) enables cloud servers to provide retrieval services of the encrypted data for data owners, cloud servers who are untrusted, may tamper and delete data, or learn information of thenewly added encrypted files with previous trapdoors.

zh-cn	此外，现有单关键词搜索由于限制条件较少，导致搜索精度差，造成带宽和计算资源的浪费。
en-us	Besides, single-keyword search inevitably incurs many unrelatedresults, resulting in a waste of bandwidth and computing resources.

zh-cn	为了解决以上问题，提出一种高效的、可验证的多关键词搜索加密方案。
en-us	To address the problems above, an efficient and veri-fiable multi-keyword search encryption scheme was proposed,

zh-cn	所提方案不仅能够支持多关键词搜索，也能实现搜索模式的隐私性和文件的前向安全性。
en-us	which could not only supported multiple-keyword search,but also realized the privacy of search pattern and forward security of the outsourced files.

zh-cn	此外，还能实现外包数据的完整性验证。
en-us	In the meanwhile, it also en-sured the integrity check of the outsourced data.

zh-cn	通过严格的安全证明，所提方案在标准模型下被证明是安全的，能够抵抗不可信云服务器的离线关键词猜测攻击（KGA）。
en-us	Through rigorous security verification, the proposed scheme was provedto be secure under the standard mode, and could resist offline keyword guesswork attack (KGA) on untrusted cloud servers.

zh-cn	最后，通过与最近 3 种方案进行效率和性能比较，实验结果表明所提方案在功能和效率方面具有较好的综合性能。
en-us	Finally, by comparing the efficiency and performance with the recent three searchable encryption schemes, the expe-rimental results show that the proposed scheme has the best comprehensive performance in terms of function and effi-ciency among the four schemes.

zh-cn	针对常见证据冲突度量方法适应性差、准确性低的问题，提出了一种基于 Pignistic 概率转换和奇异值分解的证据冲突度量方法。
en-us	In view of the problem of poor adaptability and low accuracy of common evidence conflict measurement me-thod, an evidence conflict measurement method based on Pignistic probability transformation and singular value decom-position was proposed.

zh-cn	首先通过 Pignistic 概率转换将证据焦元差异映射到信度差异上，构建证据复合信任函数矩阵。
en-us	First, Pignistic probability transformation was used to map the evidence focal element differenceto the belief difference, and the evidence composite belief function matrix was constructed.

zh-cn	然后采用奇异值分解的方法提取矩阵特征，根据奇异值特性将矩阵特征空间划分为相似子空间和冲突子空间，
en-us	Then, the matrix featureswere extracted by singular value decomposition, and the matrix feature space was divided into similar subspace and con-flict subspace according to singular value characteristics.

zh-cn	综合考虑证据矩阵相似特性和冲突特性，将冲突子空间奇异值与相似子空间奇异值之比作为新的冲突度量因子。
en-us	Considering the similarity and conflict characteristics of the evidence matrix, and the ratio of the singular value of the conflict subspace to the singular value of the similar subspace was taken as the new conflict measure factor.

zh-cn	最后在全冲突场景、变信度场景、变焦元场景、焦元嵌套场景等多种证据冲突场景下将所提方法与常见方法进行了对比分析，
en-us	Finally, the proposed method was compared with common methods in var-ious evidence conflict scenarios, such as full conflict scenario, variable reliability scenario, variable focus element scena-rio, focal element nested scenario,

zh-cn	结果表明所提方法具有适应性广、准确性高、稳定性好的特点。
en-us	and the results show that the proposed method has wide adaptability, high accuracy and good stability.

zh-cn	针对车联网中共谋节点可能协同发布虚假路况信息，导致路况信息共享过程中消息真实性无法保证的问题，提出了一种基于信誉积分的路况信息共享中共谋攻击节点检测方法。
en-us	Aiming at the problem that on occasion of the release of false road condition information by collusion nodes inthe Internet of vehicles collaboratively, message authenticity could not be guaranteed in the process of road condition in-formation sharing, a method for detecting collusion attack nodes in road condition information sharing based on reputa-tion points was proposed.

zh-cn	在路况信息聚合过程中，设计了恶意信息检测算法，能够检测到共谋节点发布的虚假消息，保证系统中传递消息的真实准确。
en-us	In the process of road condition information aggregation, a malicious information detection al-gorithm was designed to detect false messages issued by colluding nodes, which could ensure the authenticity and accu-racy of messages delivered in the system.

zh-cn	安全性评估和实验表明，相比于现有方案，该方法对共谋节点的检测效率更高，共谋节点数量占比适应场景更广泛。
en-us	Experimental results show that the proposed method has higher detection effi-ciency for collusion nodes and adaption to a proportion of collusion nodes through security evaluation and experiments incomparison with the existing schemes.

zh-cn	首先，提出了类 MARS 密码结构，给出了该密码结构的若干线性特性，并给出了线性变换的一种优化设计方法。
en-us	A MARS-like cryptographic structure was proposed and some linear properties of this cryptographic structure were given. An optimal design method of linear transformation in MARS-like cryptographic structure was also given.

zh-cn	具体地，通过分析一类具有特殊结构的线性逼近的传递规律，证明了无论怎样设计线性变换，t(1≤t≤3)轮线性逼近中至少有一条活动轮函数个数为 0 的线性逼近；
en-us	Concretely, by analyzing the transfer law of a class of linear approximation with special structure, regardless of the se-lected linear bijection, the existence of the linear approximation with 0 active round function in the t(1≤t≤3) round hadbeen demonstrated.

zh-cn	4 轮线性逼近中至少有一条活动轮函数个数不超过 1 的线性逼近；t(t>4)轮线性逼近中至少有一条活动轮函数个数不超过⌊8t/15⌋的线性逼近。
en-us	Furthermore, there was at least one with no more than 1, ⌊8t/15⌋ active round function among the 4,t(t>4)-round of linear approximation, respectively.

zh-cn	在此基础上，给出了类 MARS 密码结构中线性变换的一种优化设计方法，该优化设计使活动轮函数个数的下界与 MARS密码结构相比更加接近可能的最大值。
en-us	On this basis, an optimal design method was proposed to make thelower bound of the number of active round function closer to the maximum possible value than the MARS cryptographicstructure for the linear transformation in the MARS-like cryptographic structure.

zh-cn	为了进一步提升车联万物（V2X）的通信性能，首先根据信道冲激响应的稀疏性建立了适用于高速移动场景的基扩展模型（BEM）；
en-us	In order to further improve the vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication performance of the Internet of ve-hicles, a basis expansion model (BEM) was adopted and suitable for high-speed mobile scenarios to transform the chan-nel estimation into a sparse signal reconstruction.

zh-cn	其次，证明了 BEM 系数具有稀疏性，将信道估计问题转化为稀疏信号重构问题，进而提出基于 BEM 的改进正则化正交匹配追踪（iROMP）迭代稀疏信道估计算法（简称为 BEM-iROMP 算法）。
en-us	Furthermore, it was proved that the BEM coefficients were sparse, and an improved regularized orthogonal matching pursuit (iROMP) channel estimation algorithm based on BEM(BEM-iROMP) was proposed.

zh-cn	所提算法通过 iROMP 获取 BEM 系数，利用反馈结果不断迭代以达到最优信道估计。
en-us	BEM coefficients were acquired by the iROMP, and finally the feedback results were ite-rated to achieve the optimal channel estimation.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，与最小二乘法、线性最小均方误差和 BEM-LS 信道估计算法相比，所提算法能够有效提高 V2X 快时变信道下单载波频分多址系统的归一化均方误差和误码率性能。
en-us	Simulation results show that in comparison with the least square (LS),linear minimum mean squared error (LMMSE), and BEM-LS channel estimation algorithms, the proposed algorithm caneffectively improve the normalized mean square error (NMSE) and bit error rate (BER) performance.

zh-cn	为满足绿色万物互联的智能信号处理部署和物理层安全的新要求，针对基于智能反射面辅助的无线携能通信物联网系统中可持续能量供应紧缺问题，提出了一种安全波束成形设计方法。
en-us	In order to meet the new requirements of intelligent signal processing deployment and physical layer security for green interconnection of things, a design method of secure beam forming was proposed to solve the problem of the shortage of sustainable energy supply in the information and energy transmission at the same time Internet of things (IoT)system assisted by intelligent reflecting surface (IRS).

zh-cn	考虑保密速率、发射功率和 IRS反射相移约束，以最大化能量采集器采集功率为目标，联合优化基站发射波束成形矩阵和干扰机协方差矩阵以及IRS 相移，将优化问题建模为具有二次型约束的非凸二次型规划问题。
en-us	Considering the constraints of secrecy rate, transmit power and IRS reflection phase shift, the optimization problem was modeled as a non-convex quadratic programming problem with quadratic constraints, aiming at maximizing the acquisition power of energy collector, and jointly optimizing the base sta-tion transmit beamforming matrix, jammer covariance matrix and IRS phase shift.

zh-cn	利用松弛变量、半定松弛法、辅助变量和序列参数凸逼近法将非凸的二次型问题转化为等价的凸问题，并提出一种交替迭代优化算法获取原问题的可行解。
en-us	The non-convex quadratic problem was transformed into an equivalent convex problem by using the relaxation variable, semidefinite relaxation method,auxiliary variable and sequence parameter convex approximation method, and an alternative iterative optimization algo-rithm was proposed to obtain the feasible solution of the original problem.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提算法能够快速收敛，且与基准方案相比能有效地提升性能。
en-us	Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can converge quickly and improve performance effectively compared with the benchmark scheme.

zh-cn	介绍了陶瓷波导滤波器的设计理论，采用耦合通槽分别与浅、深耦合盲孔的组合结构来满足正、负耦合带宽要求，
en-us	The design theory of ceramic waveguide filter was introduced, and then the combination structure of couplingthrough slot with shallow or deep coupling blind hole was designed, which could meet the requirements of positive andnegative coupling bandwidth.

zh-cn	通过调整 3～6 腔体的交叉耦合来改善滤波器传输曲线的对称性，同时实现滤波器近端和远端的带外抑制，在此基础上设计了一款 5G 基站用六腔陶瓷波导滤波器。
en-us	By adjusting the cross coupling between 3～6 cavities, the symmetry of the filter transmis-sion curve was improved, and the near and far end band suppression of the filter was realized. Finally, a six-cavity ce-ramic waveguide filter for 5G base station was designed.

zh-cn	在该滤波器的优化过程中，详细讨论了 3～6 腔体交叉耦合通槽的相对位置偏移量和交叉耦合通槽的长度对滤波器传输零点位置、近端和远端带外抑制特性的影响，并给出了相关的变化规律。
en-us	In the process of optimizing the filter, the influences of the rela-tive position offset of the cross-coupling through slot and the length of the cross-coupling through slot on the transmis-sion zero position, the near end and far end out of band suppression characteristics of the filter were discussed in detail,and the relevant change rules were given.

zh-cn	经优化后滤波器性能指标如下：中心频率为 3.5 GHz，工作带宽为 200 MHz，插入损耗≤1.2 dB，回波损耗≥17 dB，近端带外抑制≥25 dB，远端带外抑制≥51 dB。
en-us	The performance indexes of the optimized filter were as follows, center fre-quency was 3.5 GHz, working bandwidth was 200 MHz, insertion loss ≤ 1.2 dB, return loss ≥ 17 dB, near end out ofband rejection ≥ 25 dB, far end out of band rejection ≥ 51 dB.

zh-cn	根据仿真模型结构参数制备得到的样品，其性能测试结果与仿真结果吻合良好。
en-us	According to the structural parameters of the simulationmodel, the performance test results of the samples are in good agreement with the simulation results.

zh-cn	对于电离层参数预测，通过长短期记忆（LSTM）的预测神经网络建模实现电离层参数的短期和日均值预测。
en-us	For ionospheric parameter prediction, the short-term and daily mean value prediction of ionospheric parame-ters was established by long short-term memory (LSTM) predictive neural network modeling.

zh-cn	使用逐点预测和序列预测 2 种方法，并采用多维预测和经验模态分解（EMD）算法优化，预测电离层参数的每小时和每天的变化规律。
en-us	Two methods ofpoint-by-point prediction and sequence prediction were utilized. Furthermore, in order to predict the hourly and dailychanges of ionospheric parameters, the proposed scheme was optimized by multidimensional prediction and empiricalmode decomposition (EMD) algorithm.

zh-cn	实验结果验证了所提优化算法在提高预测电离层参数预测精度上的可行性。
en-us	Finally, the feasibility of the proposed optimization algorithm in improving theprediction accuracy of ionospheric parameters is verified.

zh-cn	针对 LDPC 重建问题，提出了一种可直接重建 LDPC 稀疏校验矩阵的算法。
en-us	In order to reconstruct the sparse check matrix of LDPC, a new algorithm which could directly reconstruct theLDPC was proposed.

zh-cn	首先，根据传统重建算法原理，详细分析了传统重建算法存在的缺陷以及缺陷存在的原因；
en-us	Firstly, according to the principle of the traditional reconstruction algorithm, the defects of the tra-ditional algorithm and the reasons for the defects were analyzed in detail.

zh-cn	其次，基于 LDPC 稀疏矩阵的特性，通过多次随机抽取码字中部分比特序列进行高斯消元，
en-us	Secondly, based on the characteristics of sparsematrix, some bit sequences in code words were randomly extracted for Gaussian elimination.

zh-cn	同时为了可靠实现抽取的比特序列能包含校验节点，基于一次抽取包含校验节点的概率，确定多次随机抽取的次数；
en-us	At the same time, in orderto reliably realize that the extracted bits sequence could contain parity check nodes, the multiple random variables weredetermined based on the probability of containing check nodes in one extraction.

zh-cn	最后，在误码条件下，基于疑似校验向量关系成立的统计特性和最小错误判决准则，实现稀疏校验向量的判定。
en-us	Finally, the statistical characteristics ofLDPC under the suspected check vector was analyzed. Based on the minimum error decision rule, the sparse check vectorwas determined.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提算法在误码率为 0.001 的条件下，针对目前IEEE 802.11 协议中大部分 LDPC 的重建率能达到 95%以上，
en-us	The simulation results show that the rate of reconstruction of most LDPC in IEEE 802.11 protocol canreach more than 95% at BER of 0.001, and the noise robustness of the proposed method is better than that of the tradi-tional algorithm.

zh-cn	且噪声稳健性优于传统的重建算法，同时所提重建算法不仅不再需要对校验矩阵稀疏化处理，而且对于双对角线与非双对角线形式的校验矩阵都具有较好的通用性。
en-us	At the same time, the new algorithm not only does not need sparseness of parity check matrix, but alsohas the good performance for both diagonal and non-diagonal check matrix.

zh-cn	为了提高同态加密算法在多用户云计算场景下的实用性，构造了一个基于 NTRU 的多密钥同态代理重加密方案。
en-us	To improve the practicability of homomorphic encryption in the application of multi-user cloud computing, aNTRU-based multi-key homomorphic proxy re-encryption (MKH-PRE) scheme was constructed.

zh-cn	首先利用密文扩张思想提出了一种新的 NTRU 型多密钥同态密文形式，并基于此设计了相应的同态运算和重线性化过程，从而形成一个支持分布式解密的 NTRU 型多密钥同态加密方案；
en-us	Firstly, a new form ofNTRU-based multi-key ciphertext was proposed based on the idea of ciphertext extension, and the corresponding homo-morphic operations and relinearization procedure were designed on the basis of this new ciphertext form, so that aNTRU-based multi-key homomorphic encryption (MKHE) scheme which supported distributed decryption was con-structed.

zh-cn	然后借助于密钥交换思想设计了重加密密钥和重加密过程，将代理重加密功能集成到该 NTRU 型多密钥同态加密方案中。
en-us	Then, resorting to the idea of key switching, the re-encryption key and re-encryption procedure were put forwardsuch that the functionality of proxy re-encryption (PRE) was integrated to this new NTRU-based MKHE scheme.

zh-cn	所提方案保留了多密钥同态加密和代理重加密的特性，而且在用户端的计算开销较低。
en-us	The MKH-PRE scheme preserved the properties of MKHE and PRE, and had a better performance on the client side.

zh-cn	将所提方案应用于联邦学习中的隐私保护问题并进行了实验，结果表明，所提方案基本不影响联邦训练的准确率，加解密、同态运算和重加密等过程的计算开销也可接受。
en-us	The scheme was applied to the privacy-preserving problems in federated learning and an experiment of the application wascarried out. The results demonstrate that the accuracy of learning is scarcely affected by the encryption procedure and thecomputational overhead of this MKH-PRE scheme is acceptable.

zh-cn	为了验证 Grad-CAM 解释方法的脆弱性，提出了一种基于对抗补丁的 Grad-CAM 攻击方法。通过在 CNN分类损失函数后添加对 Grad-CAM 类激活图的约束项，可以针对性地优化出一个对抗补丁并合成对抗图像。
en-us	To verify the fragility of the Grad-CAM, a Grad-CAM attack method based on adversarial patch was proposed.By adding a constraint to the Grad-CAM in the classification loss function, an adversarial patch could be optimized andthe adversarial image could be synthesized.

zh-cn	该对抗图像可在分类结果保持不变的情况下，使 Grad-CAM 解释结果偏向补丁区域，实现对解释结果的攻击。
en-us	The adversarial image guided the Grad-CAM interpretation result towards thepatch area while the classification result remains unchanged, so as to attack the interpretations.

zh-cn	同时，通过在数据集上的批次训练及增加扰动范数约束，提升了对抗补丁的泛化性和多场景可用性。
en-us	Meanwhile, throughbatch-training on the dataset and increasing perturbation norm constraint, the generalization and the multi-scene usabilityof the adversarial patch were improved.

zh-cn	在 ILSVRC2012 数据集上的实验结果表明，与现有方法相比，所提方法能够在保持模型分类精度的同时，更简单有效地攻击Grad-CAM 解释结果。
en-us	Experimental results on the ILSVRC2012 dataset show that compared with the existing methods, the proposed method can attack the interpretation results of the Grad-CAM more simply and effectively while maintaining the classification accuracy.

zh-cn	为了解决已有图注意力机制在进行链接预测相关任务时，容易造成注意力分配向某些出现频率高的关系倾斜的问题，提出了一种基于层级注意力机制的链接预测模型。
en-us	In order to solve the problem that the existing graph attention mechanism tends to cause attention distribution to certain relations with high frequency when performing link prediction related tasks, a new link prediction model basedon hierarchical attention mechanism was proposed.

zh-cn	在链接预测任务中，通过设计分层注意力机制，根据预测任务中的关系对知识图谱中与给定实体相连的不同类型的关系给予不同的注意力。
en-us	In the link prediction task, a hierarchical attention mechanism wasdesigned to give different attention to the relationships of different relationship types connected to a given entity in theknowledge graph according to the relationship in the prediction task.

zh-cn	在关注多跳邻居实体特征的同时，更关注关系特征以找到符合目标关系的关系类型。
en-us	While the characteristics of multi-hop neighbor enti-ties were pay attention to, the relationship characteristics was pay more attention to find the relationship type that matchesthe target relationship.

zh-cn	在多个基准数据集上与主流模型进行对比实验，实验结果表明，所提模型性能优于主流模型，并具有较好的稳健性。
en-us	Through comparison experiments with the mainstream models on multiple benchmark data sets,the results show that the performance of the model is better than the mainstream models and has good robustness.

zh-cn	根据 Wi-Fi 和 LTE 的频谱划分决策分别取决于全局信道状态信息（CSI）和局部 CSI，提出了双时间尺度频谱划分算法，在较大时间尺度上根据全局 CSI 划分 Wi-Fi 频谱，在较小时间尺度上根据局部 CSI 划分 LTE 频谱。
en-us	According to the spectrum partitioning decisions of Wi-Fi and LTE respectively depended on global channelstate information (CSI) and local CSI, an online two-timescale iteration algorithm was developed. The Wi-Fi spectrumwas partitioned at the large timescale according to the global CSI whereas the LTE spectrum was partitioned according to the fast-changing local CSI.

zh-cn	设计了自适应反馈补偿机制以提高双时间尺度算法的跟踪性能。
en-us	Then, the adaptive compensation mechanism was designed for improving the tracking per-formance of the two-timescale algorithm.

zh-cn	此外，得到双时间尺度算法能够无差错地跟踪上均衡点的充分条件。
en-us	Moreover, the sufficient condition was derived for the two-timescale algorithmtracking the moving equilibrium point without errors.

zh-cn	仿真实验表明，双时间尺度算法能够以非常低的开销实现较好系统性能。
en-us	Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed two-time scale algorithm achieves excellent system performance at very low overhead.

zh-cn	通过有效地捕获城市私家车出行的时空特征，提出一种多源异构数据融合的私家车流量预测模型。
en-us	By effectively capturing the spatio-temporal characteristics of urban private car travel, a multi-source hetero-geneous data fusion model for private car volume prediction was proposed.

zh-cn	首先，融合私家车轨迹和城市区域数据表征城市私家车的出行分布；
en-us	Firstly, private car trajectory andarea-of-interest data were integrated.