zh-cn	锂离子电池具有循环寿命长、能量密度高、自放电率低、环境污染小等优点，在电动汽车产业中得到广泛应用。
en-us	Lithium-ion battery has been widely used in electric vehicle industry because of its long cycle life,high energy density, low self-discharge rate and low environmental pollution.

zh-cn	电动汽车中的电池管理系统(BMS)可以维护和监测电池状态，确保电池的安全性和可靠性。
en-us	The Battery Management System(BMS) in electric vehicles can maintain and monitor the battery status to ensure the security and reliability ofthe battery.

zh-cn	电池荷电状态(SoC)表示电池中剩余的电量，是BMS的重要参数之一，实时精确的SoC估算可以延长电池寿命，保障行驶安全。
en-us	The battery’s State of Charge (SoC) represents the remaining power in the battery and is one ofthe important parameters of the BMS. Real-time and accurate SoC estimation can extend battery life andensure driving safety.

zh-cn	然而锂离子电池是一个高度复杂的非线性时变系统，电池寿命、环境温度、电池自放电等许多未知因素均会对估算精度造成影响，使估算难度大大增加。
en-us	However, Lithium-ion battery is indeed a highly complex nonlinear time-varying system,many unknown factors, such as battery life, ambient temperature, battery self-discharge and so on, will affectthe estimation accuracy, which greatly increases the difficulty of estimation.

zh-cn	为了满足不同条件下对锂离子电池SoC精确、快速、实时估算的要求，需要对SoC估计算法进行进一步研究与改进。
en-us	To meet the requirements ofaccurate, rapid and real-time SoC estimation for Lithium-ion batteries under different conditions, furtherresearch and improvement of SoC estimation algorithm are needed.

zh-cn	近年来已有相关文献对锂离子电池SoC的估算方法进行了综述，然而已有相关综述对估算方法的总结不够全面且缺少流程表达。
en-us	In recent years, some review literature onthe Lithium-ion battery SoC estimation has been published. However, the existing literature has not summarized the estimation methods comprehensively and lack of process description.

zh-cn	该文首先介绍了锂离子电池的工作原理，阐述了影响电池SoC估算的因素；其次，通过总结最新的研究成果对电池SoC估算方法进行了归纳分析，根据各类算法的不同特性将其分为查表法、安时积分法、基于模型的方法、数据驱动的方法以及混合方法五大类，说明了各类估算方法的主要特征并对模型或算法的优缺点进行综合的比较和讨论；最后，对电动汽车中锂离子电池SoC估算方法的未来发展方向做出展望。
en-us	In this paper, the working principle ofLithium-ion battery is firstly introduced, as well as the factors affecting the SoC estimation of battery.Secondly, summary and analysis of the battery SoC estimation methods are conducted by the latest researchachievement. According to the different characteristics of various algorithms, the battery SoC estimation can bedivided into five categories: look-up table method, ampere hour integration method, model-based method, data-driven method and hybrid method. The main characteristics of various estimation methods are explained andthe advantages and disadvantages of models or algorithms are comprehensively compared and discussed.Finally, the future development direction of SoC estimation methods for Lithium-ion batteries in electricvehicles is prospected.

zh-cn	针对激光测振系统中散斑效应导致的语音脉冲噪声，该文研究了一种基于4阶累积量的峰度检测算法，推导了峰度系数和归一化峰度系数的数学迭代公式，并在FPGA的实现中提出了一种峰度系数的动态阈值的判决方法。
en-us	For the speech impulse noise caused by the speckle effect in the laser vibration measurement system,a kurtosis detection algorithm based on the fourth-order cumulant is studied, and the mathematical iterativeformulas for the kurtosis coefficient and the normalized kurtosis coefficient are deduced, and a method fordetermining the dynamic threshold of kurtosis coefficient is proposed in FPGA.

zh-cn	基于实验数据的仿真结果表明，该算法较理论公式减少了约25%的计算量，节省了硬件资源，对较小幅度的脉冲噪声具有更敏感的检测性能。
en-us	The simulation results based onexperimental data show that the algorithm reduces the calculation by about 25% compared with the theoreticalformula and saves hardware resources, and has a more sensitive detection performance for lower amplitudeimpulse noise.

zh-cn	针对签名验签速度难以满足特定应用领域需求的问题，该文设计了一种高性能Ed25519算法的硬件实现架构。
en-us	The speed of existing signature and verification architecture is difficult to meet the requirement of thespecific applications domain, to solve this problem a high-performance hardware architecture of Ed25519 algorithmis developed.

zh-cn	采用宽度为2 bit的窗口法实现标量乘运算，减少了标量乘所需的总周期数；通过优化点加倍点操作步骤，提高了乘法器的硬件使用率；使用低计算复杂度的快速模约简实现模乘，提高了整体运算速度。
en-us	The scalar multiplication algorithm is implemented by using the window method with 2 bit width toreduce the total cycle numbers of the algorithm significantly. By optimizing the order of operations of pointaddition and point doubling, the hardware utilization rate of multiplier is improved. The module multiplication isrealized by using fast module reduction with low computational complexity, thus the overall operation speed isimproved.

zh-cn	为了使模L运算可复用标量乘中的快速模约简，该文提出一种基于Barrett约简的模L算法。
en-us	The modular L algorithm based on Barrett reduction is proposed to reuse the fast modular reduction inscalar multiplications.

zh-cn	通过优化解压过程中模幂操作过程，精简了步骤并使其可复用模乘。
en-us	By optimizing the modular power computation in the decompression process, the steps aresimplified and the modular multiplication can be reused.

zh-cn	对所提架构做硬件实现，在TSMC的55 nm CMOS工艺下，面积为746×103等效门，最高频率360 MHz，每秒能够执行公钥生成9.06×104次、签名8.82×104次和验签3.99×104次。
en-us	Under the TSMC 55 nm CMOS process, the area of theproposed hardware architecture is 7.46×105 equivalent gate, and the maximum frequency is up to 360 MHz. It canperform 9.06×104 key generations, 8.82×104 signatures and 3.99×104 verifications per second.

zh-cn	针对现有图像识别系统大多采用软件实现，无法利用神经网络并行计算能力的问题。
en-us	To solve the problem that most existing image recognition systems are implemented in softwarewhich can not utilize the parallel computing power of neural networks.

zh-cn	该文提出一套基于FPGA的改进RBF神经网络硬件化图像识别系统，将乘法运算改为加法运算解决了神经网络计算复杂不便于硬件化的问题，并且提出一种基于位比较的排序电路解决了大量数据的快速排序问题，以此为基础开发了多目标图像识别应用系统。
en-us	this paper proposes a FPGA imagerecognition system based on improved RBF neural network hardware. The multiplication operation in theneural networks is complex and inconvenient for hardware implementation.

zh-cn	系统特征提取部分采用FPGA实现，图像识别部分采用ASIC电路实现。
en-us	Furthermore, a sort circuit basedon bit comparison is designed to solve the problem of fast sorting of a large number of data.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，该文所提出的改进RBF神经网络算法平均识别时间较LeNet-5, AlexNet和VGG16缩短50%；所开发的硬件系统完成对10000张样本图片识别的时间为165 ms，对比于DSP芯片系统所需426.6 ms，减少了60%左右。
en-us	Then, a multi-target image recognition application system is developed. The feature extraction part in the developed system isimplemented by FPGA, and the image recognition part is implemented by ASIC circuit. The experimentalresults show that the average recognition time of the improved RBF neural network algorithm proposed is 50%shorter than that of LeNet-5, AlexNet and VGG16, and the time for the developed hardware system torecognize 10000 sample pictures is 165ms, which is reduced by about 60% compared with 426.6ms required by aDSP chip system.

zh-cn	通过分析差分传输管预充电逻辑(DP2L)的电路结构，发现该电路还无法达到完全的功耗恒定特性，仍然存在被功耗攻击的风险。
en-us	By analyzing the circuit structure of Differential Pass-transistor Precharge Logic (DP2L), it is foundthat the circuit can not achieve the complete constant power consumption, and there is still a risk of beingattacked by power attack.

zh-cn	针对该问题，该文对DP2L的电路结构进行改进，并用Hspice对改进前后的电路进行模拟仿真测试。
en-us	To solve this problem, the circuit structure of DP2L is improved by this paper, andthe circuits before and after the improvement are simulated using Hspice.

zh-cn	实验表明：改进后的DP2L电路结构具有更好的功耗恒定特性，更能满足该逻辑电路的设计要求。
en-us	The experimental results show thatthe improved DP2L circuit structure has better characteristics of constant power consumption and can bettermeet the design requirements of the logic circuit.

zh-cn	为了实现网络功能虚拟化平台中物理资源的动态按需分配，该文提出一种虚拟网络功能资源容量自适应调整方法。
en-us	In order to realize on-demand physical resource allocation in network function virtualization platform,an adaptive virtualized network function scaling method is proposed.

zh-cn	该方法首先利用长短期记忆网络预测平台流量的变化趋势，然后结合流量预测结果设计了一种基于多层前馈神经网络的虚拟网络功能资源需求预测方法，最后根据资源需求预测结果，设计了一种基于动态编码遗传算法的虚拟网络功能动态部署方法，实现虚拟网络功能资源容量的自适应调整。
en-us	The proposed method first use long shortterm memory network to realize traffic forecasting. Then combining with the forecasting result, a forwardneural network-based approach is designed to predict resource demand of requested virtualized networkfunction. Finally, according to the result of resource demand prediction, a dynamic encoding genetic algorithmis proposed to realize dynamic deployment of virtualized network function instances.

zh-cn	实验结果表明，与现有的资源容量调整方法相比，该文提出的资源容量自适应调整方法能够降低流量预测误差对资源需求预测结果的影响，降低资源需求预测的相对误差，减少虚拟网络功能实例占用的服务器数量。
en-us	The experiment resultsshow that compared with existing scaling methods, the proposed scaling method can reduce the negative impactof inaccurate traffic forecasting, decrease the relative error of resource demand prediction as well as the totalnumber of servers occupied by requested virtualized network function instances.

zh-cn	针对零日病毒特点和传播规律，该文研究了零日病毒传播模型及稳定性。
en-us	According to the characteristics and propagation law of zero-day virus, the propagation model andstability of zero-day virus are studied.

zh-cn	首先，分析了零日病毒传播机理，在易感-感染-移除-易感(SIRS)病毒传播模型基础上，重新定义了感染状态节点，引入执行状态节点和毁损状态节点，建立了零日病毒传播的易感-初始感染-零日-毁损-移除(SIZDR)病毒传播动力学模型；其次，运用劳斯稳定性判据，分析了系统平衡点的局部稳定性，基本再生数及其对病毒传播规模的影响。
en-us	Firstly, the mechanism of zero-day virus transmission is analyzed. Basedon the Susceptible-Infected-Removed-Susceptible(SIRS) virus transmission model, the node of infection state isredefined, the node of execution state and the node of damage state are introduced, and the zero-day virustransmission Susceptible - Initial-state-of infection- Zero-day - Damaged – Recovery (SIZDR) dynamic model isestablished. Secondly, the local stability of the system equilibrium point, the basic regeneration number and itsinfluence on the scale of virus transmission are analyzed by using Rous stability criterion.

zh-cn	最后，仿真验证了模型局部稳定性，分析了节点感染率、节点度和节点毁损率等因素对零日病毒传播的影响。
en-us	Finally, the localstability of the model is verified by simulation, and the influence of node infection rate, node degree and nodedamage rate on zero-day virus transmission is analyzed.

zh-cn	理论分析与仿真结果表明，该模型能客观反映零日病毒传播规律，零日病毒扩散规模与节点度、节点感染率正相关，与节点毁损率负相关，对已知病毒的针对性防控可有效提升对零日病毒的防御效果。
en-us	Theoretical analysis and simulation results show thatthe proposed model can objectively reflect the law of zero-day virus transmission, and the magnitude of zero-day virus spread is positively correlated with node degree and node infection rate, and negatively correlatedwith node damage rate. Targeted prevention and control of known viruses can effectively improve the defenseeffect against zero-day viruses.

zh-cn	在基于云计算的存储与删除服务中，由于外包数据所有权和管理分离，现有的逻辑删除机制使云上的数据很容易暴露给未经授权的用户，甚至云服务器可能未遵循用户要求删除相应数据。
en-us	In the storage and deletion service provided by cloud computing, due to the separation of outsourceddata ownership and management, the cloud server may not follow the user’s request to delete the correspondingdata, and the outsourced data can be easily exposed to unauthorized users due to the widely-adopted logicaldeletion.

zh-cn	为此，该文提出一种细粒度的安全云端数据存储与删除方案。
en-us	Therefore, an efficient and secure cloud data storage and deletion scheme is proposed.

zh-cn	基于椭圆曲线构造了基于密文策略的属性基加密以实现外包数据细粒度访问控制，应用区块链实现可公开验证的安全数据删除。
en-us	Firstly, anattribute-based encryption based on ciphertext policy is constructed based on elliptic curves to achieve fine-grained access control. Secondly, publicly verifiable data deletion is realized by using blockchain.

zh-cn	该文方案具有责任可追踪性以及两方删除与可验证性等特性。
en-us	The proposedscheme has the characteristics of responsibility traceability, two-party deletion and verifiability.

zh-cn	理论分析与实验结果表明该文方案具有较好的安全性和较高的性能，能够满足云数据共享与安全删除的需求。
en-us	Theoreticalanalysis and experimental results show that the presented scheme has more desirable security and performance,and can meet the needs of cloud data sharing and secure deletion.

zh-cn	针对云存储的集中化带来的数据安全和隐私保护问题，该文提出一种区块链上基于云辅助的密文策略属性基(CP-ABE)数据共享加密方案。
en-us	To solve the problem of data security and privacy preservation brought by the centralization of cloudstorage, a cloud-assisted Ciphertext Policy Attribute Based Eencryption(CP-ABE) data sharing encryptionscheme based on BlockChain(BC) is proposed.

zh-cn	该方案采用基于属性加密技术对加密数据文件的对称密钥进行加密，并上传到云服务器，实现了数据安全以及细粒度访问控制；采用可搜索加密技术对关键字进行加密，并将关键字密文上传到区块链(BC)中，由区块链进行关键字搜索保证了关键字密文的安全，有效地解决现有的云存储共享系统所存在的安全问题。
en-us	In this scheme, the symmetric key of the encrypted file isencrypted by attribute-based encryption and the encrypted file is uploaded to cloud server for realizing the datasecurity and fine-grained access control. Searchable encryption technology is adopted to encrypt the keyword,and the keyword ciphertext is uploaded to the BlockChain. Keyword search is executed by the BlockChain toensure the security of keyword ciphertext, which effectively solves the security problems existing in the cloudstorage and sharing system.

zh-cn	该方案能够满足选择明文攻击下的不可区分性、陷门不可区分性和抗串联性。
en-us	This scheme can satisfy the indiscernibility, trap indiscernibility and seriesresistance under the selective plaintext attack.

zh-cn	最后，通过性能评估，验证了该方案的有效性。
en-us	Finally, the effectiveness of the scheme is verified byperformance evaluation.

zh-cn	针对卫星干扰处理中的多目标定位问题，该文提出基于压缩感知的定位方法。
en-us	To cope with the issue of locating multi-target in mitigating satellite interference, a localizationmethod is proposed based on Compressive Sensing (CS).

zh-cn	该方法利用目标的空间稀疏性，以及多波束天线在不同信号源方向上的增益不同，仅需要测量接收信号强度便可实现多个干扰的位置识别。
en-us	The sources of satellite interference can be identifiedby using Received Signal Strength (RSS) measurement only, relying on the spatial sparsity of the target sourceand the fact that multi-beam antenna has different gain at the position of interference.

zh-cn	研究结果表明，定位性能与节点分布、目标个数、波束覆盖半径、判决门限有关。
en-us	The conclusions showthat positioning performance is related to node distribution, target number, coverage radius and decisionthreshold.

zh-cn	在给定参数及原对偶内点算法下，该方法可实现1～4个干扰源的空域定位，在信噪比为20 dB时定位精度达到7.7 km，优于经典的旋转干涉仪和空间谱估计测向方法。
en-us	Furthermore, over the Primal-Dual Interior Point (PDIP) algorithm, the simulation result representsthat the target number is four under certain conditions, and the position accuracy is closed to 7.7 km with SNRof 20 dB. In addition, the study result also confirms that the proposed algorithm is better than the classicmethods of Rotating Interferometer (RI) and Direction Of Arrival (DOA) estimation.

zh-cn	非连续接收(DRX)是5G非授权频段部署中重要的节能机制。
en-us	Discontinuous Reception (DRX) is power-saving mechanism in 5G unlicensed band deployments.Legacy DRX scheme for licensed band does not work well in unlicensed band.

zh-cn	为授权频段设计的非连续接收机制，不能良好适配非授权频段，唤醒窗口长度固定而不能随信道繁忙程度调整，为保证传输时延性能则需要消耗更多能量。
en-us	Wakeup window size is fixed andcan not adjust with channel busy level. Guaranteed transmission delay is at the cost of more powerconsumption.

zh-cn	该文针对5G非授权频段新无线技术(5G NR-U)，提出一种新型非连续接收机制。
en-us	A novel DRX scheme of is proposed for the 5th Generation New Radio-Unlicensed (5G NR-U)standalone scenario.

zh-cn	在新机制中，非授权频段新空口设备处于唤醒状态时不断对信道进行能量检测来判断信道的忙闲状态，并据此自适应调整唤醒窗口时间。
en-us	In the novel scheme, NR-U equipment runs energy detection continuously during itswakeup period to get channel state: busy or free and adjusts its wakeup window size adaptively according toenergy detection results.

zh-cn	相比唤醒窗口长度固定的原有机制，数学模型分析和仿真实验的结果表明，在保证业务传输时延要求的前提下，新机制可比原有机制节约更多的能量。
en-us	Comparing to legacy method with wakeup window fixed, it is demonstrated byanalysis and simulation that the novel method saves more power than traditional method while both of themmeet the average delay requirement.

zh-cn	在文中典型场景中，新机制比原有机制可多节约能量11%。
en-us	In the analysis scenario of this paper, novel method saves 11% power morethan legacy method.

zh-cn	该文研究多载波超密集网络(UDN)上行链路能效最优功率分配方案，基于非合作博弈论提出一种抗干扰分布式功率分配方案，使每个小区独立优化能效的同时抑制邻小区干扰。
en-us	The energy-efficient power allocation is studied in the uplink of the multi-carrier Ultra-DenseNetworks (UDN). Based on the non-cooperative game theory, a distributed anti-interference power allocationscheme is proposed so that each cell can independently optimize energy efficiency while suppressing the inter-cell interference.

zh-cn	由于最大传输功率和QoS约束下的能效函数具有不易解决的非凸特性，且小小区间存在严重干扰。
en-us	Due to the fact that the energy efficiency problem under the constrains of the Quality ofService(QoS)and the maximum transmitter power is a challenging nonconvex problem and small cells sufferfrom the severe inter-cell interference, an accurate and low-complexity stair water-filling algorithm is proposedto solve the nonconvex problem in the best response process.

zh-cn	针对以上挑战，该文在最佳响应过程中设计了一种高精度低复杂度的阶梯注水算法，基于该算法利用干扰信道增益提出了一种多用户抗干扰功率分配算法。
en-us	Based on this algorithm, a multi-user anti-interference power allocation algorithm is proposed using interference channel gains.

zh-cn	仿真结果和数值分析表明该算法运算复杂度低，且能在保证系统频谱效率的同时大幅度提升系统能效。
en-us	Simulation results andnumerical analysis show that this algorithm can improve the system energy efficiency with no reduction inspectrum efficiency performance.

zh-cn	针对射频识别技术(RFID)系统中现有标签数量估计算法存在的估计误差大、识别时延长、时间复杂度高的问题，该文提出一种基于高斯拟合与切比雪夫不等式的标签数量2次估计算法(TLNEGC)。
en-us	In order to solve the problems of large estimation error, prolonged identification and high timecomplexity, which exist in tag quantity estimation algorithm in Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) system,The Twice Labels Number Estimation algorithm based on Gaussian fitting and Chebyshev inequality(TLNEGC) is proposed.

zh-cn	首先根据碰撞因子与碰撞时隙比例的关系建立碰撞模型，采用高斯函数对碰撞模型中的离散数据点进行拟合逼近获得高斯估计模型；然后利用高斯估计模型初次估计标签的数量，根据初次估计的结果判断是否需要进行2次估计，2次估计是利用切比雪夫不等式对估计区间进行2次搜索以获得最佳估计值。
en-us	Firstly, a collision model is established based on the relationship between the collisionfactor and the collision time slot ratio, and a Gaussian estimation model is obtained by fitting the Gaussianfunction to the discrete data points. Afterward, the Gaussian estimation model is used to initially estimate thenumber of labels, and then according to the results of the initial estimation, judge whether a second estimationis required. The second estimation is performed by using Chebyshev's inequality to search the estimationinterval twice to obtain the best estimate.

zh-cn	MATLAB仿真分析表明，该文所提TLNEGC算法的平均估计误差和总时间消耗明显低于现有的高精度标签估计算法，同时具有较低的时间复杂度和较高的稳定性。
en-us	The MATLAB simulation analysis indicates that the averageestimation error and total time consumption of the TLNEGC algorithm are significantly lower than those ofexisting high-precision label estimation algorithms, and it also has lower time complexity and higher stability.

zh-cn	针对中短码长下串行抵消(SC)算法性能较差，且串行抵消列表(SCL)算法复杂度较高等问题，根据译码纠错空间理论，该文提出了一种基于卷积神经网络(CNN)扰动的极化码译码算法。
en-us	According to the space theory for error correction, a Polar decoding algorithm for medium and shortcode lengths, based on the perturbation with a Convolution Neural Network (CNN), is presented to overcomethe poor performance of the Successive Cancellation (SC) decoding algorithm and the high complexity of theSuccessive Cancellation List (SCL) decoding algorithm.

zh-cn	对SC译码失败的接收序列，通过CNN产生相应的扰动噪声，并将该扰动噪声添加到接收信号中，然后根据重新计算的似然信息进行译码。
en-us	For any receiving signals that failing to decode, aperturbation noise, generated through the CNN, is added to the receiving signal, and the likelihood informationis then recalculated for further decoding.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明：与SC译码算法相比，所提出的算法约有0.6 dB的增益，与SCL(L=16)译码算法相比，该算法约有0.1 dB的提升，且平均复杂度更低。
en-us	The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has a gain ofabout 0.6 dB compared with the SC decoding algorithm, and an improvement of about 0.1 dB and a loweraverage complexity than that of SCL decoding algorithm when L=16.

zh-cn	正交频分复用系统(OFDM)的高峰均比(PAPR)问题降低了系统传输效率，增加了解调难度，使高功率放大器(HPA)满负载工作。
en-us	The Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) problem of OFDM system reduces the transmissionefficiency of the system, increases the difficulty of demodulation, and makes the High Power Amplifier (HPA)to saturation.

zh-cn	该文针对削波与HPA引入的非线性失真问题，提出在接收端采取基于泰勒级数的预处理方式对非线性干扰进行处理，最小化信号畸变影响。
en-us	In order to solving the problem of nonlinear distortion caused by clipping and HPA, the proposedscheme uses preprocessing method based on Taylor series to deal with nonlinear interference so that tominimize the influence of signal distortion.

zh-cn	在发送端通过削波降低信号的PAPR，并利用削波噪声在时域上的稀疏性特性，将传输过程作为整体考虑，最后利用正交匹配追踪算法(OMP)恢复总的非线性失真信号。
en-us	At the transmitter, the PAPR of the signal is reduced by clipping,and the transmission process is considered as a whole based on the sparsity of clipping noise in the timedomain. Finally, the total nonlinear distortion signal is recovered by using the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit(OMP) algorithm.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该文所提方法能够有效抑制系统的干扰信号，减少了有用信号受到的非线性影响，验证了该方案的正确性。
en-us	The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively suppress theinterference signals of the system, reduce the nonlinear influence of useful signals, and verify the correctness ofthe scheme.

zh-cn	为高效传输业务类型多样化的空间数据，该文基于高级在轨系统(AOS)虚拟信道复用技术，建立了AOS虚拟信道(VC)混合调度模型。
en-us	In view of transporting various spatial data service types, an Advanced Orbiting Systems (AOS)virtual channel hybrid scheduling model is established based on AOS virtual channel multiplexing technology.In the model, a algorithm based on genetic-particle swarm ordering is proposed for asynchronous VirtualChannel (VC).

zh-cn	在混合调度模型中，对异步虚拟信道提出了基于遗传-粒子群排序的调度算法，业务优先级、调度时延紧迫度及帧剩余量紧迫度是影响虚拟信道调度先后顺序的关键约束，该算法根据约束建立了遗传-粒子群适应度函数模型，进一步使粒子群体内的粒子根据遗传算法的进化算子进行位置更新，从而找到最优的异步虚拟信道调度顺序。
en-us	Service priority, scheduling delay urgency and frame remaining urgency are the key constraintsthat affect the scheduling order of VC.The algorithm establishes the genetic-particle swarm fitness functionmodel according to the constraints, and further enables the particles in the particle swarm to update theposition according to the evolution operator of the genetic algorithm, thereby finding the optimal asynchronousVC scheduling sequence.

zh-cn	同时，对同步虚拟信道设计了动态加权轮询调度算法，使各同步虚拟信道按照加权因子和分配的时隙数，轮流占用物理信道。
en-us	At the same time, a dynamic weighted round-robin scheduling algorithm is designed forthe synchronous VC, so that each synchronous VC occupies the physical channel according to the weightingfactor and the allocated number of time slots. Simulation results show that the VC hybrid scheduling algorithmin this paper takes into account the priority of asynchronous data, the isochronism of synchronous data, andthe urgency of VIP data.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，该文的虚拟信道混合调度算法兼顾了异步数据的优先性、同步数据的等时性和VIP数据的紧迫性，具有更小的平均调度时延和更少的帧剩余量，满足不同业务的传输要求。
en-us	It has a smaller average scheduling delay and less frame remaining, so the algorithmmeets the transmission requirements of different services.

zh-cn	为了应对直接序列扩频(DSSS)中信息传输率低的局限，出现了多进制扩频及索引调制等技术，由于此系列技术中附加信息都是通过伪码变换来映射的，因此调制阶数越大，复杂度也越大，而当系统所承受的复杂度受限时，调制阶数也就无法提升。
en-us	In order to solve the limitation of low information transmission rate in Direct Sequence SpreadSpectrum (DSSS), some techniques such as multi-band spread spectrum and index modulation appear. Becausethe additional information in this series of technologies is mapped by pseudo code transformation, the larger themodulation order is, the greater the complexity will be, and when the complexity of the system is limited, themodulation order will not be improved.

zh-cn	为解决高阶信息传输率受限问题，该文提出一种低复杂度的超高阶码索引调制(UHO-CIM)方法，通过2维信息的分组来进行多码集索引，从而降低通道数量，进而通过3维信息的分组来进行循环移位索引，从而在不增加通道情况下大幅度地提高传输率，而且利用移位通道和非移位通道关系，去除环境影响。
en-us	In order to overcome the limitation of high-order informationtransmission rate, an UltraHigh Order Code Index Modulation (UHO-CIM) method with low complexity isproposed. The multi code set index is carried out by two-dimensional information grouping, so as to reduce thenumber of channels, and then the cyclic shift index is carried out by three-dimensional information grouping, soas to improve greatly the transmission rate without increasing the channels. Moreover, the relationship betweenshift channel and non-shift channel is used to remove the environmental impact.

zh-cn	该方法不仅可以有效传输多维信息，而且与现有方法比较，复杂度大大降低，综合性能具有明显优势；此外，现有方法很难达到高阶及超高阶的信息传输，而提出的方法可实现调制阶数大于15的超高阶信息传输，从而为高效扩频通信应用提供可借鉴技术。
en-us	This method can not onlyeffectively transmit multi-dimensional information, but also reduce greatly the complexity compared with theexisting methods, and has obvious advantages in comprehensive performance. In addition, the existing methodsare difficult to achieve high-order and ultra-high-order information transmission, while the proposed methodcan achieve ultra-high-order information transmission with modulation order greater than 15, which providesreference technology for the efficient spread spectrum communication applications.

zh-cn	为解决传统相关延迟键控(CDSK)混沌通信系统存在的误码(BER)性能差的问题，该文提出一种基于施密特正交化的降噪多载波相关延迟键控(NR-MC-CDSK)混沌通信系统。
en-us	In order to solve the shortcomings of high Bit Error Rate (BER) in traditional Correlation DelayShift Keying (CDSK) chaotic communication system, a Noise Reduction Multi-Carrier Correlated Delay ShiftKeying (NR-MC-CDSK) chaotic communication system based on Schmidt orthogonalization is proposed.

zh-cn	在发送端，利用施密特正交化算法产生N组完全正交的混沌载波，并复制P次作为参考信号，与N个信息信号叠加进行传输，并利用多载波技术，复用每帧信号传输MN个用户信息。
en-us	At thetransmitter, Schmidt orthogonalization algorithm is used to generate N completely orthogonal chaotic signalswhich are copied P times as reference signals. N information signals are added up for transmission in each groupand multi-carrier is used to transmit MN user information per frame.

zh-cn	在接收端，将信号经匹配滤波器解调，然后通过滑动平均滤波器降噪，并进行相关解调。
en-us	At the receiver, the signal is demodulatedby a matched filter, then the signal is averaged by a moving average filter to suppress the noise anddemodulated by correlation.

zh-cn	推导了系统在加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)信道和多径Rayleigh衰落信道中的BER公式并进行了仿真分析，结果表明系统的BER性能优于众多多载波混沌通信系统，数据传输速率也相较CDSK系统有明显提升，为该系统在实际通信系统中的应用提供了理论依据，并显示了较强的应用价值。
en-us	The BER formula of the system in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN)channel and multipath Rayleigh fading channel are derived and simulated. The results show that the BERperformance of the system is better than that of many multi-carrier chaotic communication systems and thedata transmission rate is improved obviously compared with CDSK system. Theoretical basis for the futureapplication of the system to practical communication systems is provided in the paper and shows strongfeasibilities in future engineering application.

zh-cn	间歇采样转发干扰(ISRJ)是基于欠采样原理的新型雷达相干干扰技术，能够形成密集假目标干扰。
en-us	Interrupted-Sampling Repeater Jamming (ISRJ) is an advanced radar coherent interference based onthe principle of under-sampling method, and achieves a train of false targets.

zh-cn	该文针对抗间歇采样转发干扰问题，提出一种雷达发射波形和非匹配滤波联合设计的抗干扰方法。
en-us	In this paper, a joint transmittedwaveform and mismatched filter design method focus on suppressing the ISRJ is proposed.

zh-cn	首先，以发射信号脉冲压缩积分旁瓣能量和干扰信号非匹配滤波输出积分能量为目标函数，综合考虑发射信号的幅度约束，建立了间歇采样转发干扰抑制的数学优化模型。
en-us	Firstly, themathematical optimization model is established by minimizing the transmitted signal pulse compressionintegrated sidelobe level and jamming signal mismatched filter output integrated level under the constraint ofconstant modulus waveform.

zh-cn	然后，通过问题分解推导了雷达发射波形和非匹配滤波器的解析表达式，基于迭代算法设计了发射波形和非匹配滤波器。
en-us	Secondly, the analytical solution of transmitted waveform and mismatched filter isobtained by simplifing the optimization problem. By utilizing cyclic iterative algorithm, unimodular waveformand mismatched filter are produced.

zh-cn	最后，通过仿真实验的方式验证了发射波形和非匹配滤波器的性能、抗间歇采样转发干扰性能以及所提方法的间歇采样转发干扰抑制能力。
en-us	Finally, simulations are presented to assess the waveform and filterperformance and anti-ISRJ performance. Simulation results demonstrated that the ISRJ is suppressed byjointly designing the waveform and filter.

zh-cn	针对雷达与电子支援措施(ESM)存在系统误差、航迹异步等复杂条件下的航迹关联问题，该文提出一种基于区间序列离散度的异步抗差航迹关联算法。
en-us	To address track association problem of radar and Electronic Support Measurements (ESM) undercomplex conditions such as system biases and asynchronous track, an asynchronous anti-bias track associationalgorithm based on discrete degree of interval sequence is proposed.

zh-cn	定义混合区间序列的离散信息度量，给出系统误差的区间化方法，通过计算区间离散度并利用经典分配法进行关联判定。
en-us	The discrete information measurement ofmixed interval sequence is defined and the interval method of system biases is given.

zh-cn	与传统算法相比，可在系统误差存在的前提下无需时域配准对异步航迹直接关联，且对噪声分布不敏感。
en-us	The associationdetermination is performed by calculating the interval discrete degree and using classical assignment method.Compared with the traditional algorithm, the asynchronous track can be directly correlated without time-domain registration in the presence of system errors and it is not sensitive to noise distribution.

zh-cn	仿真结果表明，所提算法具有良好的抗差性且不受目标运动位置的影响，适用于传感器同地或异地配置等多种情况。
en-us	The simulationresults show that the algorithm has good robust performance and is not affected by the target moving position.The algorithm can be applied to the configuration of sensors at same or different sites.

zh-cn	近些年来，世界各国越来越重视风力发电的发展。
en-us	In recent years, countries around the world have paid more and more attention to the development ofwind power.

zh-cn	风电场的存在可能对航管监视雷达性能产生负面影响，因此风电场杂波抑制技术的研究对于提升航管监视雷达工作性能、保障空中交通安全具有重大意义。
en-us	The existence of wind farms may have a negative impact on the performance of air traffic controlsurveillance radars. Therefore, the research on the clutter suppression technology of wind farms is of greatsignificance to improve the work performance of air traffic control surveillance radars and ensure the safety ofair traffic.

zh-cn	形态成分分析(MCA)算法根据信号稀疏特征的不同应用于风电场杂波抑制时，计算量较低且性能较好。
en-us	When the Morphological Component Analysis(MCA)algorithm is applied to the wind farm cluttersuppression based on the difference of sparse characteristics for the signals, the calculation burden is lower andthe performance is better.

zh-cn	但是针对实际雷达参数中相参处理间隔(CPI)较短造成的谱分辨率降低及信号特征不明显时，MCA算法的杂波抑制性能受到影响，因此选择将稀疏重构算法与MCA算法结合用于短CPI情况下的风电场杂波抑制。
en-us	However, the clutter suppression performance of the MCA algorithm is affected whenthe spectral resolution is reduced due to the short Coherent Processing Interval(CPI)and the signalcharacteristics are not obvious.Therefore, the sparse reconstruction algorithm and the MCA algorithm arecombined to suppress the clutter in the wind farm with a small number of coherent pulses.

zh-cn	该文认为短CPI接收回波数据为较长CPI雷达回波数据基础上发生尾部数据缺省，继而利用稀疏重构算法对缺省数据进行恢复，再利用MCA算法抑制风电场杂波。
en-us	It is considered thatthe short CPI received echo data is the default of tail data on the basis of the longer CPI radar echo data, andthen the sparse reconstruction algorithm is used to recover the default data, and the MCA algorithm is used tosuppress wind farm clutter.

zh-cn	实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。
en-us	The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

zh-cn	针对低检测概率下多机动目标的跟踪问题，该文提出一种新的交互式多传感器多目标多伯努利滤波器(IMM-MS-MeMBer)。
en-us	A novel method Interacting Multiple Mode Multi-Sensor Multi-target Multi-Bernoulli (IMM-MS-MeMBer) filter to track multiple maneuvering targets in low detection probability scenario is proposed.

zh-cn	在IMM-MS-MeMBer滤波器的预测阶段，该文利用当前的量测信息自适应地更新目标的模型概率，并利用更新后的模型概率对目标状态进行混合预测；在IMM-MS-MeMBer滤波器的更新阶段，使用贪婪的多传感器量测划分策略对多传感器量测进行划分，并利用得到的量测划分集合和IMM-MS-MeMBer滤波器对目标的后验概率密度进行更新；除此之外，IMM-MS-MeMBer滤波器能够利用目标的角度和多普勒量测信息同时实现多个机动目标的位置、速度估计。
en-us	At theprediction stage of the IMM-MS-MeMBer filter, model probability of the target is adaptively updated byutilizing the current measurement information, and then the mixed prediction of the target state is executed;At the update stage of the IMM-MS-MeMBer filter, the greedy multi-sensor measurement partitioning strategyis employed in measurement partition step, the posterior probability density of the target is updated by usingthe divided set of measurements and the IMM-MS-MeMBer filter; In addition, the IMM-MS-MeMBer filterutilizes the target angle and Doppler information to realize the simultaneous estimation of the position andspeed of multiple maneuvering targets.

zh-cn	数值实验验证了该文所提IMM-MS-MeMBer滤波器的优越性能。
en-us	Numerical experiments verify the superior performance of the IMM-MS-MeMBer filter.