ID 原文 译文
24455 本文通过设计多维度的比特币安全模型引理和细粒度的比特币模型规则，系统地抽象了多协议组合运行考虑下的比特币协议实体交互，完成了对比特币的形式化符号建模与自动化安全分析。 We provide a comprehensive symbolic analysis of bitcoin protocols. Our work develops bitcoin model rules and model lemmas with the abstraction of in-protocol interactions and inter-protocols interactions.
24456 与以前的工作相比，本文更细粒度地建模了比特币协议实体及其相关操作，并全面设计了满足比特币各实体需求的安全属性。 We refine the modeling of bitcoin protocol entities and their related protocol operations compared to the previous work, along with the comprehensive design of the security lemmas that bitcoin protocols should guarantee.
24457 此外，本文利用自动化形式化验证系统SmartVerif实现了无需额外手工推导证明的形式化验证实验，通过将本文所建模的符号模型规则与引理作为SmartVerif的输入，发现了比特币底层协议算力盗取攻击。 The symbolic model rules and lemmas developed in our work are inputted into the automatic formal verification system SmartVerif. We find the computational power stealing attack and no additional manual work is needed for the model verification with the help of the SmartVerif.
24458 为了研究火花试验装置中电极在真空中放电的微观特性，本文建立了在真空环境下，以钨为阳极材料、镉为阴极材料的二维平行板放电模型。 In order to study the micro-characteristics of the electrode discharge in the spark test device in vacuum, this paper established a two-dimensional parallel plate discharge model in a vacuum environment with tungsten as the anode material and cadmium as the cathode material.
24459 采用 PIC/MCC(Particle-In-Cell/Monte Carlo Collision)方法对该模型进行仿真，研究了不同电子发射机制下平行板电极放电的发展过程以及空间场强、阴极表面温度和场增强因子对空间电子变化的影响，得到在场致发射、热发射以及热-场致发射作用下放电过程中的电子浓度和阳极吸收电流的变化以及电子密度和电势的空间分布等。 We simulate the model with the PIC/MCC (Particle-In-Cell/Monte Carlo Collision) method, studies the development process of parallel plate electrode discharge under different electron emission mechanisms and the influence of space field strength, cathode surface temperature and field enhancement factor on the changes of space electrons, and obtains the field emission, thermal emission and thermal-field emission changes in the electron concentration and anode absorption current during the discharge process, as well as the spatial distribution of the electron density and electric potential, etc.
24460 研究发现，场致发射是微间隙阴极电子发射的主导发射机制，当阴极表面温度在焦耳热的作用下达到镉金属的沸点 1040K 时将产生镉蒸汽，电流密度和电子浓度逐渐增大，此时热发射将开始作用于微间隙放电； The research has found that field emission is the dominant emission mechanism of micro-gap cathode electron emission. When the cathode surface temperature reaches 1040K, the boiling point of cadmium metal under the action of Joule heat, cadmium vapor will be generated, and the current density and electron concentration will gradually increase. At this time, the thermal emission will start to act on the micro-gap discharge.
24461 当温度大于镉金属气化温度后，场强的影响将大于温度的影响； When the temperature is greater than the vaporization temperature of cadmium metal, the influence of the field strength will be greater than that of the temperature.
24462 当场增强因子很小时，热发射几乎不起作用，随着场增强因子不断增大，热发射的作用逐渐增强，导致空间电子浓度明显增加，真空环境下微间隙放电是由热-场共同作用的。 When the field enhancement factor is very small, the thermal emission is almost ineffective. As the field enhancement factor continues to increase, the effect of thermal emission gradually increases, leading to a significant increase in the spatial electron concentration. The micro-gap discharge in a vacuum environment is caused by the combined effect of heat and field.
24463 针对毫米波大规模 MIMO（Multiple-Input Multiple-Output）系统能量效率低下的问题，提出一种基于混合精度移相器量化的混合预编码设计方法。 For the insufficient energy efficiency (EE) in mmWave massive MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) systems, a method with mixed-resolution phase shifters is proposed.
24464 首先考虑到系统能量效率闭合表达式难以直接求解，通过 Dinkelbach 方法将能量效率优化问题转换为范数最小化的形式，然后将其进一步解耦为混合预编码矩阵和混合精度移相器量化配比问题，实现非凸能效低范数和的凸优化转化，最后通过引入酉矩阵松弛恒模约束求解混合预编码矩阵，并采用增量搜索算法求解混合量化移相器精度配比向量，从而实现系统能量效率最大化。 Considering that the closed expression for EE is difficult to solve directly, the EE optimization problem is converted into norm minimization form through the Dinkelbach method. Then it is further decoupled into the hybrid precoding matrix and the mixed-resolution ratio problems to realize the convex optimization transformation of non-convex EE and low norm sum. Finally, in order to maximize the EE of the system, the unitary matrix relaxation constant modulus constraint is introduced to solve the full-resolution hybrid precoding matrix, and the incremental search algorithm is used to solve the optimal mixed-resolution ratio vector.